EP1956331A2 - Wärmetauscher - Google Patents

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Publication number
EP1956331A2
EP1956331A2 EP08002249A EP08002249A EP1956331A2 EP 1956331 A2 EP1956331 A2 EP 1956331A2 EP 08002249 A EP08002249 A EP 08002249A EP 08002249 A EP08002249 A EP 08002249A EP 1956331 A2 EP1956331 A2 EP 1956331A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
heat exchanger
extruded
tubes
fluid paths
fluid
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP08002249A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Lei Fang
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Mahle Behr USA Inc
Original Assignee
Behr America Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Behr America Inc filed Critical Behr America Inc
Publication of EP1956331A2 publication Critical patent/EP1956331A2/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
    • F28F1/02—Tubular elements of cross-section which is non-circular
    • F28F1/022—Tubular elements of cross-section which is non-circular with multiple channels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D1/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
    • F28D1/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
    • F28D1/04—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits
    • F28D1/053—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being straight
    • F28D1/0535—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being straight the conduits having a non-circular cross-section
    • F28D1/05366—Assemblies of conduits connected to common headers, e.g. core type radiators
    • F28D1/05383—Assemblies of conduits connected to common headers, e.g. core type radiators with multiple rows of conduits or with multi-channel conduits
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
    • F28F1/10—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses
    • F28F1/40—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only inside the tubular element
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
    • F28D2021/0019—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for
    • F28D2021/008—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for for vehicles
    • F28D2021/0082—Charged air coolers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
    • F28D2021/0019—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for
    • F28D2021/008—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for for vehicles
    • F28D2021/0089—Oil coolers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
    • F28D21/0001—Recuperative heat exchangers
    • F28D21/0003—Recuperative heat exchangers the heat being recuperated from exhaust gases
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F2255/00—Heat exchanger elements made of materials having special features or resulting from particular manufacturing processes
    • F28F2255/16—Heat exchanger elements made of materials having special features or resulting from particular manufacturing processes extruded

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a heat exchanger in general, and the tubes used in a heat exchanger in particular.
  • a heat exchanger including cooling tubes made according to the present invention is particularly advantageous in terms of ease of construction and manufacturing costs.
  • Oil-to-air coolers are widely used in motor vehicle applications to cool engine oil, transmission oil, power steering oil and hydraulic fluids.
  • the cooler usually consists of bundles of tubes, fins and two manifolds.
  • the oil flows inside the tubes while outside air passes through the fins.
  • Due to the high viscosity of the oil internal turbulators are often disposed within oil-cooling tubes to improve heat transfer.
  • the turbulators are typically bonded to the internal walls of the oil-cooling tubes to allow heat flow from the turbulators to the tube walls.
  • an embossed plate replaces turbulators within the oil-cooling tubes.
  • the plate includes uniformly spaced-apart mating projections, which, when brought together during the assembly process, create additional surface area to enhance the transfer of heat from the oil during operation of the heat exchanger.
  • the plate sizes are fixed, which makes assembly of different cooler sizes difficult. Also, there is a risk of two plates not properly bonding together, which could result in leaks and loss of heat transfer.
  • the invention is generally directed to a heat exchanger for a motor vehicle, such as an oil-to-air heat exchanger, a charge air heat exchanger or an exhaust gas heat exchanger, which heat exchanger includes internal cooling tubes formed by extruding a suitable material, such as aluminum, steel, or stainless steel.
  • the cooling tubes include a plurality of fluid paths, which are also extruded as part of the tube-forming process.
  • the transverse cross-section of the fluid paths is typically rectangular.
  • the walls of the fluid paths may be smooth or, alternatively, contain flanges, ribs or teeth to improve heat transfer.
  • All of the fluid paths within a particular tube may be identical.
  • a tube may contain a plurality of fluid paths, certain of which differ in cross-section from others.
  • the one-piece extruded cooling tubes are assembled into a heat exchanger, either with other similarly extruded tubes or with cooling tubes of a more conventional design.
  • a heat exchanger such as that schematically illustrated in FIG. 1 , typically includes an inlet manifold 2, an outlet manifold 5, a plurality of flat cooling tubes 6a-6e disposed between the inlet and the outlet, and air-cooled fins 7 disposed between the rows of the cooling tubes.
  • the type of heat exchanger illustrated in FIG. 1 is a direct heat exchanger, i.e., air is forced or drawn across fluid containing tubes, the invention may be used with other types of heat exchangers known to persons of skill in the art.
  • the invention may be applied, for example, to indirect heat exchangers in which cooling tubes are cooled by a liquid coolant, such as water, that is separately cooled by yet another air exchanger.
  • a pump forces fluid from the inlet 2 of heat exchanger 1, through the plurality of cooling tubes 6a-6e, and into the heat exchanger outlet 3. Outside air (or coolant) is forced or drawn across fins 7, which are in contact with cooling tubes 6a-6e. Heat from the fluid passing through the exchanger is transferred to the air passing across fins 7 and, ultimately, out and away from the motor vehicle.
  • the arrows near inlet 2 and outlet 3 illustrate the direction of fluid flow within heat exchanger 1.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates a transverse cross-section of a common prior art oil-cooling tube 6a taken along section 2-2 of FIG. 1 .
  • tube 6a includes a turbulator 8, which promotes heat transfer within the tube for the relatively low viscosity oil.
  • the turbulator is a separate component that must be properly bonded to the tube 6a.
  • the ends of tube 6a are assembled to the inlet and outlet manifolds in a manner known to persons of skill in the art.
  • the cooling tubes of one embodiment of the invention differs from the prior art as illustrated in the transverse cross-section of FIG. 3 .
  • a flat cooling tube 10 is formed through an extrusion process and includes a plurality of fluid-flow paths 11a-11i , which are also formed during extrusion of the tube.
  • Each flow path typically has a rectangular cross-section as illustrated, but persons of skill in the art will appreciate other shapes that may be used, such as rounded or oval shapes.
  • the separate flow paths within each tube eliminate the need for a turbulator component, thereby resulting in a one-piece tube that is simple to manufacture and assemble into a heat exchanger.
  • a one-piece tube also reduces the risk of fluid leaking from the tube due to an improper assembly.
  • cooling tubes formed through extrusion may be cut to an appropriate length for a variety of sizes of heat exchangers, thereby allowing maximum flexibility during the manufacturing and assembly processes.
  • Tubes such as cooling tube 10 are assembled to the inlet and outlet manifolds of a heat exchanger in a manner known to persons of skill in the art.
  • tube 10 may be assembled to an inlet and outlet manifold through a Nocolock controlled-atmosphere brazing process.
  • Tube 10 is preferably formed from metal.
  • tube 10 may be extruded from any suitable metal, such as aluminum, steel or stainless steel.
  • Tube 10 includes a major axis, indicated by the "H” dimension, and a minor axis, indicated by the "W” dimension. It has been empirically determined that the preferred range of the external cross-sectional area for an extruded one-piece oil cooler tube, which is calculated as the product of H and W, should be between 45 and 160 mm 2 for automotive applications. If the cross-sectional area is above 160 mm 2 , the heat transfer per volume of oil flow will not be sufficient. If the cross-sectional area is below 45 mm 2 , the internal oil pressure drop will be too high, which, in turn, will result in insufficient oil flow. In addition, it has been determined that the preferred hydraulic diameter of the tube, which is defined as four times the internal area of the tube divided by wetted perimeter, should be between 1.2 mm to 3.5 mm.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates an alternative embodiment of the invention.
  • the extruded tube 12 still includes a plurality of extruded fluid paths 13a-13e. The number of such fluid paths, however, have been reduced in comparison with the embodiment of FIG. 3 .
  • the smooth-walled fluid paths 11a-11i of the embodiment of FIG. 3 have been replaced with fluid paths 13a-13e that have "teeth" or flanges 16 formed, by extrusion, into the side walls.
  • the flanges 16 may be identically-patterned on all sides of the fluid path, or, as shown in FIG. 3 , may include a first pattern 16 along a wall or walls and a second pattern 17 along a different wall or walls. Protrusions, such as flanges 16 and 17, into the fluid paths 13a-13e promote the additional transfer of heat.
  • the number of fluid paths within an extruded tube may be selected to obtain the desired pressure drop and/or amount of heat transfer for a particular application.
  • the fluid paths within a particular tube may differ from one another.
  • FIG. 5 illustrates an example embodiment in which different types of fluid paths are incorporated into a single tube.
  • Fluid path 15a includes flanges 16 and 17, whereas fluid path 15b is smooth-walled.
  • fluid path 15c includes flanges of one type 17 along two walls
  • fluid path 15d includes flanges of a different type 16 along a different wall.
  • the dimensions of the flanges, teeth or other protrusions are selected to optimize the heat transfer characteristics of the heat exchanger.
  • such protrusions have a feature size that relates to the size of the fluid path.
  • the dimension of flanges 16 along the "W" axis is preferably between 10-30% of the opening of the fluid path along the same axis.
  • the dimension of these same flanges along the "H" axis is preferably between 50-75% of the opening of the fluid path along the same axis, with individual flanges having dimensions ranging between 6-15% of the opening.
  • Flanges 17 will have similar general dimensions, but such dimensions will be transposed along the "W" and "H" axes when compared with flanges 16.
  • a heat exchanger may be assembled with different types of tubes.
  • a first type of cooling tube such as prior art tube 6a with a turbulator component 8
  • a second type of cooling tube such as extruded metal tube 10
  • a third type of cooling tube such as extruded metal tube 12.
  • Metal tubes 10 and 12 may be extruded from any suitable metal, such as aluminum, steel or stainless steel.
  • the tubes made according to the invention also can be used for cooling applications such as hybrid vehicle electronics.
  • Usually such electronics are cooled by a separate coolant loop due to their relatively lower temperature operating characteristics (below 70C). Due to limited pump power in this second loop, however, the coolant flow is relatively lower when compared with the main radiator.
  • Prior art radiator tubes such as those illustrated in Fig. 2 , are not well suited for this kind of application because there is not sufficient internal surface within such tubes to transfer heat. Tubes made according to the invention, as describe above, typically will have more surface area to transfer heat. FIG.
  • FIG. 7 illustrates an exemplary arrangement of tubes within a combination heat exchanger that includes a first coolant loop or circuit for fluid cooling, schematically indicated by a first inlet manifold 4 and a first outlet manifold 5 and first bundle of tubes 10a-10c, and a second coolant loop or circuit for coolant cooling, schematically indicated schematically indicated by a second inlet manifold 20 and a second outlet manifold 21 and second bundle of tubes 10d-10e.
  • the first bundle of tubes 10a-10c is of the same type as the second bundle of tubes 10d-10e.
  • the benefit of such an arrangement is that a single tube type can be disposed within a single heat exchanger, but between separate inlet and outlet chambers for different cooling applications.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Geometry (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
EP08002249A 2007-02-07 2008-02-07 Wärmetauscher Withdrawn EP1956331A2 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US11/672,326 US20080185130A1 (en) 2007-02-07 2007-02-07 Heat exchanger with extruded cooling tubes

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1956331A2 true EP1956331A2 (de) 2008-08-13

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP08002249A Withdrawn EP1956331A2 (de) 2007-02-07 2008-02-07 Wärmetauscher

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US (1) US20080185130A1 (de)
EP (1) EP1956331A2 (de)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108286845A (zh) * 2018-03-04 2018-07-17 青岛三友制冰设备有限公司 制冰用单板蒸发器及其运作方法

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JP2009063228A (ja) * 2007-09-06 2009-03-26 Showa Denko Kk 扁平状伝熱管
US20090159253A1 (en) * 2007-12-21 2009-06-25 Zaiqian Hu Heat exchanger tubes and combo-coolers including the same
DE102008062704A1 (de) * 2008-01-10 2009-08-27 Behr Gmbh & Co. Kg Strangpressrohr für einen Wärmetauscher
US8132424B2 (en) * 2008-09-17 2012-03-13 Integrated Marine Systems, Inc. Ice machines with extruded heat exchanger
DE102009039896A1 (de) * 2009-09-03 2011-03-10 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Anordnung zum Anwärmen und/oder Abkühlen eines Mediums
FR2978538B1 (fr) * 2011-07-25 2015-06-19 Valeo Systemes Thermiques Plaque d'echangeur de chaleur.
US20200318855A1 (en) * 2012-01-19 2020-10-08 Sung-hwan Choi Heat exchanger pipe, method of manufacturing heat exchanger pipe, heat exchanger fin, elliptical heat exchanger pipe, and hot water storage type heat exchanger having elliptical heat exchanger pipe
CN103575140A (zh) 2012-07-19 2014-02-12 格伦格斯有限公司 用于电力电子设备和电池冷却的具有焊接管的紧凑型铝换热器
US9415673B2 (en) * 2014-06-30 2016-08-16 Faster Faster Inc. Integrated chassis heatsink for electric vehicles
EP3370027B1 (de) * 2015-10-29 2021-01-27 UACJ Corporation Aluminiumextrudiertes flaches perforiertes rohr und wärmetauscher
CN105865242A (zh) * 2016-04-14 2016-08-17 青岛海尔特种电冰箱有限公司 导热板及其板体的生产方法
KR101832432B1 (ko) * 2017-03-31 2018-02-26 한국과학기술원 인공 캐비티를 갖는 판형상의 진동형 히트 스프레더
USD982730S1 (en) * 2019-06-18 2023-04-04 Caterpillar Inc. Tube
US11525618B2 (en) * 2019-10-04 2022-12-13 Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation Enhanced heat exchanger performance under frosting conditions

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US5036911A (en) 1989-02-24 1991-08-06 Long Manufacturing Ltd. Embossed plate oil cooler

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Patent Citations (1)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5036911A (en) 1989-02-24 1991-08-06 Long Manufacturing Ltd. Embossed plate oil cooler

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108286845A (zh) * 2018-03-04 2018-07-17 青岛三友制冰设备有限公司 制冰用单板蒸发器及其运作方法

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