EP1955446A2 - Gestion de frequence de reseau radio hf - Google Patents

Gestion de frequence de reseau radio hf

Info

Publication number
EP1955446A2
EP1955446A2 EP06844750A EP06844750A EP1955446A2 EP 1955446 A2 EP1955446 A2 EP 1955446A2 EP 06844750 A EP06844750 A EP 06844750A EP 06844750 A EP06844750 A EP 06844750A EP 1955446 A2 EP1955446 A2 EP 1955446A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
data
radio
radio station
suitability
determining
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP06844750A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1955446A4 (fr
Inventor
John W. Ballard
John M. Goodman
David Mansoir
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Radio Propagation Services Inc
Original Assignee
Radio Propagation Services Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Radio Propagation Services Inc filed Critical Radio Propagation Services Inc
Publication of EP1955446A2 publication Critical patent/EP1955446A2/fr
Publication of EP1955446A4 publication Critical patent/EP1955446A4/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/14—Relay systems
    • H04B7/15—Active relay systems
    • H04B7/185—Space-based or airborne stations; Stations for satellite systems
    • H04B7/18502—Airborne stations
    • H04B7/18506—Communications with or from aircraft, i.e. aeronautical mobile service
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/14—Relay systems
    • H04B7/145—Passive relay systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/22—Scatter propagation systems, e.g. ionospheric, tropospheric or meteor scatter

Definitions

  • HF radio wave communications Radio communication over long distances (e.g., thousands of kilometers) is possible using high frequency (HF) radio wave communications.
  • HF communication high frequency
  • One positive aspect of HF communication is that it does not rely on expensive satellites in order to achieve communication over these long distances.
  • the ability of HF radio communication to reach a given location from a transmitter is dependent on the frequency of the radio transmission and the properties of the ionosphere, an ionized layer of the atmosphere that refracts the HF radio waves of the transmission back down to a receiver station.
  • the properties of the ionosphere vary depending on solar conditions, and in some cases, the ionospheric conditions are such that radio waves do not refract downward appropriately such that communication between two stations for any operating frequency may not be possible.
  • Figure 1 is a block diagram illustrating an embodiment of a HF network.
  • Figure 2 is a block diagram illustrating an embodiment of a system for
  • Figure 3 is a flow diagram illustrating an embodiment of a process for
  • HF radio network management by determining a HF radio contact list.
  • Figure 4 is a flow diagram illustrating an embodiment of a process for determining reliabilities for communicating with target radio stations from the mobile station.
  • the invention can be implemented in numerous ways, including as a process, an apparatus, a system, a composition of matter, a computer readable medium such as a computer readable storage medium or a computer network wherein program instructions are sent over optical or communication links.
  • these implementations, or any other form that the invention may take, may be referred to as techniques.
  • a component such as a processor or a memory described as being configured to perform a task includes both a general component that is temporarily configured to perform the task at a given time or a specific component that is manufactured to perform the task.
  • the order of the steps of disclosed processes maybe altered within the scope of the invention.
  • HF radio network management is disclosed.
  • a HF radio contact list is determined.
  • a plurality of target radio station locations is received.
  • one or more HF radio operating frequencies is received and HF radio communication suitability — for example, expected signal to noise ratio (SNR), reliability, signal strength, multipath spread, etc. - is determined to each target radio station location using the one or more operating frequencies.
  • SNR expected signal to noise ratio
  • a HF radio contact list is determined as ordered by communication suitability of the target radio station and operating frequency that are used to communicate with the target radio station, hi some embodiments, reliable HF radio communication is achieved from a mobile HF station (e.g., a boat, a ship, an airplane, a balloon, a dirigible, a car, a truck, etc.) by having a list of multiple operating frequency/target radio station pairs to communicate with at any time from any location.
  • the mobile station is enabled to have reliable (or effective) communication with at least one target radio station that can relay or connect the communication using other communication networks (e.g., land line phone, Internet, wireless phone, etc.).
  • the reliable HF radio communications network enables emergency communications.
  • Reliability is the probability that the evaluated SNR is greater than the required SNR (or RSNR) for a specified grade of service.
  • a circuit is generally described as “reliable” if its computed "Reliability" is >0.90. There are circumstances whereby a value of R ⁇ 0.90 may be considered “acceptable”. The situation can be different for networks. For example, a star network, which is the type generally dealt with, the Reliability may be some value less than 90% for individual "legs" or circuits of the network (taking all possible frequencies into account), but the combined reliability can achieve a value much greater than 90%, as a result of station and frequency diversity.
  • the effective network reliability of a diversity network must be ⁇ 99% or more, with the proviso that timely and accurate specification of an ordered list of best stations and frequencies is available. A potential network reliability of 99% is not always acceptable if it takes too long to achieve it.
  • analytical and computational tools are used to assess all possible frequency-station pairs to the ship or aircraft rapidly (e.g., in a matter of a few seconds), and thereby are able to present a mobile station user or operator (e.g., the ship or aircraft commander) a brief list of selections, ranked generally by reliability, and all of which are highly likely to provide rapid and reliable (or a "timely and effective") service.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating an embodiment of a HF network, hi the example shown, a mobile station 100 desires to communicate using High Frequency (HF) Radio, which includes radio communication at frequencies between 3 and 30 MHz.
  • Mobile station 100 can be a boat, a ship, an airplane, a balloon, a dirigible, a car, a truck, or any other mobile item/platform that desires communication.
  • HF High Frequency
  • the radio waves travel upward and may be refracted downward by an ionized layer of the atmosphere, the ionosphere, allowing communication between two stations that are thousands of kilometers apart, hi some cases, the communication signals are transmitted by a radio transmitter connected to an antenna, and the radio signals travel upward and are refracted downward, making one hop, to be received by an antenna attached to a radio receiver, hi other cases, the transmitted radio signals can make multiple hops by also reflecting off the ground or ocean before being received by a radio receiver.
  • there are a plurality of target radio stations of the HF network to communicate with using HF radio represented in Figure 1 by 102, 104, 106, 108, and 110. Each of the target radio stations has a set of operating frequencies.
  • the reliability for mobile station 100 to communicate with the HF network increases with the number of target radio stations available and the number of operating frequencies available, hi some embodiments, if four target radio stations and eight operating frequencies (e.g., yielding 32 independent possibilities) are always available to the mobile station, then reliable communications are almost always available (e.g., greater than 99% of the time), even though many of the individual circuits (defined by independent station designations and frequency specifications) in the 32 possibilities may have reliabilities R of much less than 99%. It only takes one of the 32 candidates to have a high reliability.
  • HF communications are most distressed during magnetic storms, when the earth's magnetic field, through a process of opening and reconnecting magnetic field lines, sequentially injects energetic particles into the high latitude region.
  • the ionosphere is heated, the electron density profile becomes profoundly deformed, and electron density patterns in the lower ionosphere that are most sensitive for HF communication, are forced away from the medians of climatological models. These disturbances propagate equatorward, over a period of hours. Predominantly the ionospheric response to geomagnetic storms is determined by the geomagnetic latitude concerned.
  • the modification of the electron density can be defined by a structure modification function m (h, ⁇ ,t) where h represents ionospheric height, ⁇ represents geomagnetic latitude, and t represents time.
  • the function m is the ratio of the (estimated) true electron density to the climatological median.
  • this fairly general expression is simplified so that the functional relation to one or more m- factors representing the most important ionospheric layer or layers.
  • one m-factor corresponding to an ionospheric layer - for example, the F2 layer - is used.
  • a typical characterization of the situation imposes a single time-dependent m-factor, m( ⁇ , t), which varies between about 0.25 and 1.5.
  • an array of m-factors accounts for multiple layers, a specified array of geomagnetic latitudes, and for a finite duration of time (i.e., up to 36 hours).
  • m m( ⁇ , ⁇ , t) where ⁇ and ⁇ represent geographic latitude and longitude, and t represents time (as before).
  • ⁇ and ⁇ represent geographic latitude and longitude
  • t represents time (as before).
  • the granularity in space and time is defined by the physics, but in practice a sparse array for m that is determined by available sensor data along with spatial extrapolation models are specified.
  • sensor data comprise satellite imagery data, coronal hole data, coronal mass ejection data, solar flare data, satellite measurement data of solar particle flux including number and energy distribution data, interplanetary wind data, magnetic field data, total electron content data measured between GPS satellites and the ground, vertical or oblique ionospheric sounding data, m factor data, or any other appropriate data relevant to ionospheric conditions.
  • Figure 2 is a block diagram illustrating an embodiment of a system for
  • computational engine 200 has as inputs mobile station location, ionospheric measurement data, target radio station list with operating frequency list for each target radio station, and a calculation frequency list (if any).
  • Computation engine 200 includes prediction module 202.
  • prediction module 202 incorporates portions of one or more climatological models or calculation models of the ionosphere available in the public domain - for example, HF communication performance programs such as Voice of America Coverage Analysis Program (VOACAP), Ionospheric Communications Enhanced Profile Analysis and Circuit (ICEPAC), or the propagation prediction model based on the International Telecommunication Union's (ITU) propagation model Recommendation ITU-R PI.533 (REC533).
  • Computation engine 200 has as output a HF radio contact list.
  • the HF radio contact list is a list of target radio station/operating frequency pairs that are listed in order of calculated suitability for communication from the mobile station.
  • target radio station locations are derived from a database of radio station locations.
  • the database includes other associated information including operating frequencies.
  • ionospheric model data includes satellite imagery data which may include proton precipitation data and/or electron precipitation data, ultra-violet remote sensing data, coronal hole data, coronal mass ejection data, solar wind data, solar active region data, interplanetary magnetic field data, solar flare data, in-situ satellite measurement data which may include x-ray flux data, particle flux and energy distribution data, topside sounder data, vertical incidence sounder data, oblique incidence sounder data, geomagnetic field data which may include Dst, Kp, and Ap index data and/or magnetogram data, Faraday rotation polarimeter total electron content data, ground based monitors exploiting global positioning system (GPS) constellation waveform total electron content data, m factor data, global maps (e.g., a map derived from the fusion of multiple independent electron density measurements and techniques such as global assimilation of ionospheric measurements (GAIM) technology), or any other appropriate data relevant to ionospheric conditions
  • GPS global positioning system
  • ionospheric model data is provided by a server which preprocesses data to be appropriate for input to a computational engine such as computation engine 200.
  • m factor data comprises a measure of the modification of the electron density as a function of magnetic latitude.
  • the m factor used in the computation of the radio contact list is based at least in part on an estimate of the m factor as a function of magnetic latitude and the magnetic latitude of the reflection point between the mobile station location and a given target radio station location.
  • the calculation frequency list is a sampling of all possible frequencies in the HF spectrum that represent the possible operating frequencies. Actual operating frequencies for a given target radio station are generally selected that are immediately below the top ranked calculation frequency that reliably communicated with the given target radio station.
  • Figure 3 is a flow diagram illustrating an embodiment of a process for
  • HF radio network management by determining a HF radio contact list.
  • the process of Figure 3 is executed by computation engine 200 of Figure 2.
  • a target radio station location list, an operating frequency list for each station, and a mobile station location are received.
  • a calculation frequency list is also received.
  • no ionospheric model data is received and the suitability calculation uses built in "average" data for the ionosphere, hi some embodiments, the target radio station list and operating frequency lists for each target radio station are preloaded or are already saved and do not need to be input for the generation of the contact list, hi 302, suitabilities are determined for communicating with target radio stations from the mobile station.
  • a rank ordered contact list is determined for the mobile station.
  • the rank ordered list lists in order of suitability, operating frequency - target radio station pairs that can be used to communicate between the mobile station and the HF radio network reliably.
  • the suitabilities are calculated for the present or for some time in the future - for example, up to a day in advance.
  • a mobile station may wish to avoid interfering with or being heard by a particular target radio station.
  • the rank ordered contact list for the mobile station lists in order of reliability, operating frequency - target radio station pairs that can be used to communicate between the mobile station and the HF radio network reliably and that communication for those frequencies with the particular undesired target radio station is unreliable or very unreliable. In some embodiments, this is achieved by choosing frequencies to communicate with that are above the maximum observed frequency (MOF) to communicate between the mobile station and the undesired target radio station, as these are very likely to be of lower reliability or suitability.
  • MOF maximum observed frequency
  • maximum usable frequency (MUF) results are monthly median values of a set of all MOF results, whereas MOF results are instantaneous values, hi the case where realtime ionospheric information is available, the MOF results are used to select reliable frequencies to communicate with because the best reliability frequencies (in terms of signal to noise ratio) for communicating are close to, but not exceeding, the MOF.
  • Figure 4 is a flow diagram illustrating an embodiment of a process for determining suitability for communicating with target radio stations from the mobile station, hi some embodiments, the process of Figure 4 is used to implement 302 of Figure 3.
  • the ionospheric model data is included, if necessary.
  • the data is incorporated appropriately for the calculation of suitability of communication, hi 402, a target radio station is selected, hi 404, a frequency is selected.
  • the frequency comprises an operating frequency of the target radio station or the frequency comprises a frequency selected for the calculation (e.g 1 ., a frequency of a sampled set of frequencies that spans the HF radio frequency band).
  • communication suitability is calculated between the mobile station and the selected target radio station using the selected frequency.
  • a subset of all possible paths or frequencies to a subset of all possible target radio stations are computed.
  • suitability comprises one or more of the following: reliability, signal strength, expected SNR, multipath spread, number of f days, or any other appropriate measure of quality for communication between two radio stations.
  • HF radio communication suitability to each target radio station location for a set of operating frequencies is determined by selecting a set of calculation frequencies that partition an HF propagation band efficiently, determining HF radio communication suitability for the set of calculation frequencies, and determining HF radio communication suitability for each of the set of operating frequencies based on the HF radio communication suitability of at least one of the calculation frequencies (e.g., a calculation frequency that is the closest frequency that is higher than the operating frequency).
  • HF radio communication suitability, or rather unsuitability, to an unfriendly radio station location or a plurality of unfriendly radio station locations is calculated by finding the least suitable (e.g., reliable) frequencies to communicate on.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Astronomy & Astrophysics (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)
  • Position Fixing By Use Of Radio Waves (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne la détermination d’une liste de contacts radio HF. Une pluralité d’emplacements de stations radio cibles est reçue. Pour chaque emplacement de station radio HF cible, une ou plusieurs fréquences de fonctionnement radio HF est reçue, et une convenance de communication radio HF à chaque emplacement de station radio cible est déterminée à l’aide d’une ou plusieurs fréquences de fonctionnement. Une liste de contacts radio HF est déterminée.
EP06844750A 2005-12-01 2006-11-30 Gestion de frequence de reseau radio hf Withdrawn EP1955446A4 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US74209005P 2005-12-01 2005-12-01
US60678906A 2006-11-29 2006-11-29
PCT/US2006/046121 WO2007064953A2 (fr) 2005-12-01 2006-11-30 Gestion de frequence de reseau radio hf

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1955446A2 true EP1955446A2 (fr) 2008-08-13
EP1955446A4 EP1955446A4 (fr) 2011-05-04

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EP06844750A Withdrawn EP1955446A4 (fr) 2005-12-01 2006-11-30 Gestion de frequence de reseau radio hf

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EP (1) EP1955446A4 (fr)
WO (1) WO2007064953A2 (fr)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8311742B2 (en) * 2009-01-23 2012-11-13 The United States Of America, As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Estimating photospheric velocities for space-weather prediction
FR3025379B1 (fr) * 2014-08-26 2018-03-30 Airbus Operations Procede et systeme d'aide a la gestion de communications dans un aeronef.
SG11201704796SA (en) * 2014-12-12 2017-07-28 Services Dev Company Llc Data transmission via a high frequency radio band
DE112018004451T5 (de) * 2017-10-04 2020-05-20 Skywave Networks Llc Anpassen von übertragungen basierend auf dem direkten abtasten der ionosphäre

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5943629A (en) * 1996-04-01 1999-08-24 Tci International, Inc. Method and apparatus for real-time ionospheric mapping and dynamic forecasting

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5943629A (en) * 1996-04-01 1999-08-24 Tci International, Inc. Method and apparatus for real-time ionospheric mapping and dynamic forecasting

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See also references of WO2007064953A2 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP1955446A4 (fr) 2011-05-04
WO2007064953A8 (fr) 2008-04-03
WO2007064953A2 (fr) 2007-06-07
WO2007064953A3 (fr) 2008-08-28

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