EP1954422A1 - Steel wire with thick polymer coating - Google Patents

Steel wire with thick polymer coating

Info

Publication number
EP1954422A1
EP1954422A1 EP06793177A EP06793177A EP1954422A1 EP 1954422 A1 EP1954422 A1 EP 1954422A1 EP 06793177 A EP06793177 A EP 06793177A EP 06793177 A EP06793177 A EP 06793177A EP 1954422 A1 EP1954422 A1 EP 1954422A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
steel wire
diameter
wire
coating
steel
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP06793177A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1954422B1 (en
Inventor
Alain Leplae
Peter Poelman
André GROB
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Bekaert NV SA
Original Assignee
Bekaert NV SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Bekaert NV SA filed Critical Bekaert NV SA
Priority to EP06793177A priority Critical patent/EP1954422B1/en
Publication of EP1954422A1 publication Critical patent/EP1954422A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1954422B1 publication Critical patent/EP1954422B1/en
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21F—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF METAL WIRE
    • B21F45/00—Wire-working in the manufacture of other particular articles
    • B21F45/16—Wire-working in the manufacture of other particular articles of devices for fastening or securing purposes
    • B21F45/22—Wire-working in the manufacture of other particular articles of devices for fastening or securing purposes of paper fasteners or clips
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21F—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF METAL WIRE
    • B21F45/00—Wire-working in the manufacture of other particular articles
    • B21F45/16—Wire-working in the manufacture of other particular articles of devices for fastening or securing purposes

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a steel wire provided with a coating of an extrudable polymer.
  • Steel wires provided with a extrudable polymer coating such as polyvinylchloride coating are generally known and are a.o. described in the U.S.A. patent 4.107.370.
  • wires existing only of an extrudable polymer i.e. without a steel core, also exist. They have the advantage of a lower weight and of a great degree of elasticity.
  • these polymer wires take the form of a helix for use as a book binding wire, these wire bounce back or rebound to the original form after being subjected to a transversal force.
  • these polymer wires have various disadvantages.
  • One disadvantage is their slow process of manufacturing, particularly when the final form is to be a helix.
  • Another disadvantage relates to the above-mentioned high elasticity, which is not always an advantage.
  • the ends When used as a book binding wire in the form of a helix, the ends may be sharp and may injure the users. Bending these ends into a less dangerous form, is not possible without heat treatment, having regard to the high degree of elasticity.
  • thinner steel cores are provided with substantially thick coatings of an extrudable polymer, whereby the total diameter of the coated steel wire is substantially increased.
  • steel wire due to the lower density of the polymer compared with steel the invention steel wire is of a low weight.
  • the steel cores have usually a round cross-section.
  • 'extrudable polymer refer to various types of thermoplastics which are extrudable and comprise various polymers such as polyvinylchloride, polyamide, polyester, polyurethane, polypropylene, polyethylene...
  • Polyvinylchloride is advantageous from an economic point of view, since it is widely available and is of relatively low cost.
  • the coated steel wire according to the invention is characterized in that the diameter of the steel wire is at least 0,2 mm and that the thickness of the coating is at least 50 % of the steel wire diameter.
  • a first advantage of the coated steel wire according to the invention is that the coated steel wire is substantially lighter than a steel wire with the same diameter.
  • a second advantage is that the cost for manufacturing this coated steel wire is very acceptable thanks to the low cost price of the some polymers such as polyvinylchloride.
  • FIGURE 1 shows a transversal cross-section of a coated steel wire according to the invention
  • FIGURE 2 shows a schematic view of the compression test on a coil in the transversal direction
  • FIGURE 3 illustrates the use of the invention wire as a book binding wire
  • FIGURE 4 illustrates the use of the invention wire as a paper clip.
  • the mechanical tests are carried out to compare two samples 1 and 2 according to the invention with a sample 3 according to the prior art.
  • FIGURE 1 shows a transversal cross-section of samples 1 and 2 or a transversal cross-section of a coated steel wire 10 according to the invention.
  • the coated steel wire 10 comprises a steel wire 12 and an outer coating 14 of polyvinylchloride (PVC).
  • a primer or adhesion promoting layer may be present between the steel wire 12 and the outer coating (not shown).
  • Sample 1 consists of a drawn bright steel wire 12 of low carbon content (lower than 0,20 % by weight) with a diameter of 0,50 mm and a PVC- coating thickness of 0,50 mm or a coated steel wire 10 with a diameter of 1,50 mm. It means that the thickness of the PVC-coating is substantially 100 % of the steel wire diameter 12.
  • Sample 2 consists of a bright steel wire 12 of high carbon content (with a carbon content by weight above 0,25 % and lower than 1 %) with a diameter of 0,40 mm and a PVC-coating thickness of 0,525 mm or a coated steel wire 10 with a diameter of 1,45 mm. It means that the thickness of the PVC-coating 14 is substantially 130 % of the steel wire diameter 12. - A -
  • Sample 3 consists of a bright steel wire 12 of low carbon content with a diameter of 0,80 mm and without any coating.
  • the cross-section of steel wire 12 of the 3 samples 1, 2 and 3 is in the proportion of 25 to 16 to 64.
  • a great number of coiled springs 16 is made from the samples 1, 2 and 3 for carrying out the mechanical tests.
  • Such a coiled spring 16 can be used as a book binding wire.
  • the elastic deformation is equal to the difference between the total deformation and the plastic deformation.
  • Each number of the tables is the mean value of at least three tests.
  • the sample 3 has a higher plastic and total deformation with higher upper reversal point values than the samples 1 and 2. notwithstanding its higher diameter of 0,80 mm compared with a diameter of 0,5 mm, respectively 0,4 mm of samples 1 and 2. This shows a serious improvement of the mechanical properties of samples 1 and 2 in comparison with sample 3 in this test.
  • Figure 2 shows how the coiled spring 16 is loaded (pressed) between two plates 18 until the spring is plastically deformed or bent.
  • Sample 2 shows substantially the same value as sample 1 notwithstanding its lower steel wire diameter (0,4 mm) and lower total diameter (1,45 mm). This is probably thanks to its thicker PVC-coating.
  • Each obtained value is the mean value of at least three tests.
  • Each obtained value is the mean value of at least three tests.
  • invention wire 2 0.40 mm high-carbon steel core coated with
  • the various sample wires are formed into a spring and this spring is clamped in a Gressel apparatus. After clamping, the spring is bent over an angle of 135°. Thereafter, the spring is freed and the angle deformation is measured. It is hereby understood that a measured angle of 180° points to a 100% degree of rebounding.
  • the table hereunder summarizes the results.
  • the diameter of the steel wire 12 is at least 0,2 mm and that the thickness of the PVC-coating 14 is at least 50 % of the steel wire diameter.
  • a preferred embodiment of the coated steel wire 10 according to the invention is characterized in that the thickness of the coating 14 is lower than 150 % of the steel wire diameter.
  • a further preferred embodiment of the coated steel wire 10 according to the invention is characterized in that the diameter of the coated steel wire 10 is lower than 5 mm and preferably lower than 3 mm.
  • the polyvinylchloride resins forming the PVC-coating 14 are commercially available vinylchloride homopolymers, as well as copolymers containing at least 75 percent by weight of vinylchloride and up to about 25 percent by weight of one or more other polymerised comonomers.
  • the invention wire may have two layers of different polymers.
  • the invention wire can be used in various applications such as champagne cork wire, fencing wire, hook and eye wire, paperclip wire, book binding wire, spiral binding wire...
  • FIGURE 3 illustrates the use as book binding wire.
  • the invention wire is in the form of a spiral binding wire 10 to bind a book 20.
  • both ends of the spiral binding wire 10 may injure the users.
  • the advantage of the steel core inside the spiral binding wire 10 is that it can be plastically deformed without the need for a heat treatment.
  • the spiral binding wire 10 advantageously has so-called coil loops 22 where the ends are bent back so that injuring of users is less likely.
  • FIGURE 4 illustrates the use of the invention wire as a paper clip 24.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Ropes Or Cables (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Package Frames And Binding Bands (AREA)

Abstract

A steel wire (10) provided with a coating (14) of an extrudable polymer has a diameter of the steel core (12) which is at least 0,2 mm and a thickness of the coating is at least 50 % of the steel core diameter. The steel wire combines the elasticity of a pure polymer wire without having its drawbacks such as the slow method of manufacturing.

Description

STEEL WIRE WITH THICK POLYMER COATING Field of the Invention
This invention relates to a steel wire provided with a coating of an extrudable polymer.
Background of the Invention
Steel wires provided with a extrudable polymer coating such as polyvinylchloride coating are generally known and are a.o. described in the U.S.A. patent 4.107.370.
It is known that many mechanical properties of steel wires are seriously improved by increasing the diameter of the steel wires. However, a disadvantage thereof is that the weight of such steel wires with higher diameter is also seriously increased due to the high density of steel.
On the other hand wires existing only of an extrudable polymer, i.e. without a steel core, also exist. They have the advantage of a lower weight and of a great degree of elasticity. For example, when these polymer wires take the form of a helix for use as a book binding wire, these wire bounce back or rebound to the original form after being subjected to a transversal force. On the other hand, these polymer wires have various disadvantages. One disadvantage is their slow process of manufacturing, particularly when the final form is to be a helix. Another disadvantage relates to the above-mentioned high elasticity, which is not always an advantage. When used as a book binding wire in the form of a helix, the ends may be sharp and may injure the users. Bending these ends into a less dangerous form, is not possible without heat treatment, having regard to the high degree of elasticity.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a wire which combines the advantages of both the existing polymer coated steel wires and the polymer wires. It is an object of the present invention to provide wires with a considerable reduction of weight without giving in on some critical mechanical parameters.
According to the invention, thinner steel cores are provided with substantially thick coatings of an extrudable polymer, whereby the total diameter of the coated steel wire is substantially increased. However, due to the lower density of the polymer compared with steel the invention steel wire is of a low weight. The steel cores have usually a round cross-section.
The terms 'extrudable polymer' refer to various types of thermoplastics which are extrudable and comprise various polymers such as polyvinylchloride, polyamide, polyester, polyurethane, polypropylene, polyethylene... Polyvinylchloride is advantageous from an economic point of view, since it is widely available and is of relatively low cost.
The coated steel wire according to the invention is characterized in that the diameter of the steel wire is at least 0,2 mm and that the thickness of the coating is at least 50 % of the steel wire diameter.
A first advantage of the coated steel wire according to the invention is that the coated steel wire is substantially lighter than a steel wire with the same diameter.
A second advantage is that the cost for manufacturing this coated steel wire is very acceptable thanks to the low cost price of the some polymers such as polyvinylchloride.
It has now been found surprisingly by carrying out a great number of tests that the mechanical properties of such coated steel wires according to the invention are highly improved. The invention will now be described into more detail by means of some mechanical tests with reference to the accompanying drawing wherein: FIGURE 1 shows a transversal cross-section of a coated steel wire according to the invention ; - FIGURE 2 shows a schematic view of the compression test on a coil in the transversal direction ;
FIGURE 3 illustrates the use of the invention wire as a book binding wire ;
FIGURE 4 illustrates the use of the invention wire as a paper clip.
The mechanical tests are carried out to compare two samples 1 and 2 according to the invention with a sample 3 according to the prior art.
FIGURE 1 shows a transversal cross-section of samples 1 and 2 or a transversal cross-section of a coated steel wire 10 according to the invention. The coated steel wire 10 comprises a steel wire 12 and an outer coating 14 of polyvinylchloride (PVC). A primer or adhesion promoting layer may be present between the steel wire 12 and the outer coating (not shown).
Sample 1 consists of a drawn bright steel wire 12 of low carbon content (lower than 0,20 % by weight) with a diameter of 0,50 mm and a PVC- coating thickness of 0,50 mm or a coated steel wire 10 with a diameter of 1,50 mm. It means that the thickness of the PVC-coating is substantially 100 % of the steel wire diameter 12.
Sample 2 consists of a bright steel wire 12 of high carbon content (with a carbon content by weight above 0,25 % and lower than 1 %) with a diameter of 0,40 mm and a PVC-coating thickness of 0,525 mm or a coated steel wire 10 with a diameter of 1,45 mm. It means that the thickness of the PVC-coating 14 is substantially 130 % of the steel wire diameter 12. - A -
Sample 3 consists of a bright steel wire 12 of low carbon content with a diameter of 0,80 mm and without any coating.
The cross-section of steel wire 12 of the 3 samples 1, 2 and 3 is in the proportion of 25 to 16 to 64.
A great number of coiled springs 16 is made from the samples 1, 2 and 3 for carrying out the mechanical tests. Such a coiled spring 16 can be used as a book binding wire.
The following tests are carried out by means of the formed coils or coiled springs of samples 1, 2 and 3.
A) Hvsteresistest in tensile (pulling') load in axial direction of the coils In this test the coils or springs are loaded until a certain value (the upper reversal point) and then unloaded until the preload-value. The test conditions are : preload : lower reversal point : 2 Newton (N.) preload speed : 200 mm/min. - 1 cycle upper reversal point : 6 N., 8 N., 10 N. and 12 N. cycle speed : 200 mm/min. grip to grip separation : 4 windings
The total deformation, the elastic deformation and the plastic deformation are measured. The following tables summarize the obtained results :
The elastic deformation is equal to the difference between the total deformation and the plastic deformation.
Each number of the tables is the mean value of at least three tests.
As can be seen from this hysteresis test, the sample 3 has a higher plastic and total deformation with higher upper reversal point values than the samples 1 and 2. notwithstanding its higher diameter of 0,80 mm compared with a diameter of 0,5 mm, respectively 0,4 mm of samples 1 and 2. This shows a serious improvement of the mechanical properties of samples 1 and 2 in comparison with sample 3 in this test.
B) Compression test in transversal direction on the coiled springs until plastic deformation or bend.
Figure 2 shows how the coiled spring 16 is loaded (pressed) between two plates 18 until the spring is plastically deformed or bent.
Each obtained value is the mean value of at least three tests. This test again shows a serious improvement of the mechanical properties of samples 1 and 2 compared with sample 3 notwithstanding its higher diameter of 0,8 mm.
Sample 2 shows substantially the same value as sample 1 notwithstanding its lower steel wire diameter (0,4 mm) and lower total diameter (1,45 mm). This is probably thanks to its thicker PVC-coating.
C) Hysteresistest in compression in transversal direction on the coils, whereby plastic, elastic and total deformation are measured. In this test, the coils or springs are loaded in compression in transversal direction (see figure T) until a certain value (the upper reversal point) and then again unloaded until the preload-value is reached. The test conditions are : preload value : lower reversal point : 2 N. preload speed : 5 mm/min.
1 cycle cycle speed : 5 mm/min. grip to grip separation : 4 windings.
The following results are obtained :
Each obtained value is the mean value of at least three tests.
This test again shows very acceptable deformation values, particularly for the plastic deformation for the samples 1 and 2 compared with sample 3. Sample 2 shows a lower plastic deformation than sample 1 notwithstanding its lower steel wire diameter and lower total diameter. This is probably thanks to its thicker PVC-coating.
D) Hysteresistest in compression load in axial direction of the springs, whereby plastic, elastic and total deformation are measured. In this test, the coils or springs are loaded until a certain value (the upper reversal value) and then unloaded until the preload value. The test conditions are : preload : lower reversal point : 2 N. preload speed : 200 mm/min.
1 cycle upper reversal point : 8 N. - cycle speed : 200 mm/min. grip to grip : 4 windings
The following results are obtained :
Each obtained value is the mean value of at least three tests.
Here again, very acceptable values are obtained for samples 1 and 2.
E) Bending of coated springs + measurement of degree of rebounding Following samples are subjected to a bending test: prior art wire : 1.13 mm low-carbon steel core coated with PVC until final diameter of 1.50 mm; invention wire 1 : 0.50 mm low-carbon steel core coated with
PVC until final diameter of 1.50 mm; invention wire 2: 0.40 mm high-carbon steel core coated with
PVC until final diameter of 1.45 mm
The various sample wires are formed into a spring and this spring is clamped in a Gressel apparatus. After clamping, the spring is bent over an angle of 135°. Thereafter, the spring is freed and the angle deformation is measured. It is hereby understood that a measured angle of 180° points to a 100% degree of rebounding. The table hereunder summarizes the results.
Table
It is clear that the invention samples exhibit a degree of rebounding, which approaches 100%, while the prior art sample exhibits a remaining deformation.
From the above-described tests and other tests, it is clear that the diameter of the steel wire 12 is at least 0,2 mm and that the thickness of the PVC-coating 14 is at least 50 % of the steel wire diameter.
A preferred embodiment of the coated steel wire 10 according to the invention is characterized in that the thickness of the coating 14 is lower than 150 % of the steel wire diameter. A further preferred embodiment of the coated steel wire 10 according to the invention is characterized in that the diameter of the coated steel wire 10 is lower than 5 mm and preferably lower than 3 mm.
The polyvinylchloride resins forming the PVC-coating 14 are commercially available vinylchloride homopolymers, as well as copolymers containing at least 75 percent by weight of vinylchloride and up to about 25 percent by weight of one or more other polymerised comonomers.
The foregoing vinylchloride homopolymers and copolymers can be combined with stabilisers, plasticisers and pigments to obtain some typical known characteristics of the PVC-coating 14.
As an alternative embodiment the invention wire may have two layers of different polymers.
The invention wire can be used in various applications such as champagne cork wire, fencing wire, hook and eye wire, paperclip wire, book binding wire, spiral binding wire...
FIGURE 3 illustrates the use as book binding wire. The invention wire is in the form of a spiral binding wire 10 to bind a book 20. As mentioned above and if no precautions are taken, both ends of the spiral binding wire 10 may injure the users. The advantage of the steel core inside the spiral binding wire 10 is that it can be plastically deformed without the need for a heat treatment. Hence, the spiral binding wire 10 advantageously has so-called coil loops 22 where the ends are bent back so that injuring of users is less likely.
FIGURE 4 illustrates the use of the invention wire as a paper clip 24.

Claims

1. Steel wire provided with a coating of an extrudable polymer, characterised in that the diameter of steel wire is at least 0,2 mm and that the thickness of the coating is at least 50 % of the steel wire diameter.
2. Steel wire according to claim 1, characterised in that the thickness of the coating is lower than 200 % of the steel wire diameter.
3. Steel wire according to claim 1 or claim 2, characterised in that the total diameter of the steel wire with the coating is lower than 5 mm.
4. Steel wire according to claim 3, characterised in that the total diameter of the coated steel wire is lower than 3 mm.
5. Steel wire according to one or more of the claims 1 - 4, characterised in that the steel wire is a low carbon steel wire with a carbon content below 0,20 %.
6. Steel wire according to one or more of the claims 1 - 4, characterised in that the steel wire is a high carbon steel wire with a carbon content above 0,25 % and lower than 1 % C.
7. Steel wire according to one or more of the claims 1 - 6, characterised in that the coated steel wire is highly mechanically deformed.
8. Steel wire according to claim 7, characterised in that the mechanically deformed steel wire forms a coiled spring.
9. Use of a steel wire according to any of claims 1 to 7 as a book binding wire.
10. Use of a steel wire according to any of claims 1 to 7 as a paper clip.
EP06793177A 2005-11-22 2006-09-04 Use of a steel wire with a thick polymer coating as bookbinding wire Not-in-force EP1954422B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP06793177A EP1954422B1 (en) 2005-11-22 2006-09-04 Use of a steel wire with a thick polymer coating as bookbinding wire

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP05111048 2005-11-22
EP06793177A EP1954422B1 (en) 2005-11-22 2006-09-04 Use of a steel wire with a thick polymer coating as bookbinding wire
PCT/EP2006/065958 WO2007060040A1 (en) 2005-11-22 2006-09-04 Steel wire with thick polymer coating

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1954422A1 true EP1954422A1 (en) 2008-08-13
EP1954422B1 EP1954422B1 (en) 2010-12-08

Family

ID=37431773

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP06793177A Not-in-force EP1954422B1 (en) 2005-11-22 2006-09-04 Use of a steel wire with a thick polymer coating as bookbinding wire

Country Status (6)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1954422B1 (en)
CN (1) CN101296765B (en)
AT (1) ATE490826T1 (en)
BR (1) BRPI0618759A2 (en)
DE (1) DE602006018782D1 (en)
WO (1) WO2007060040A1 (en)

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1178143A (en) * 1966-03-02 1970-01-21 Sumitomo Electric Industries Improvements in or relating to the Manufacture of Polyolefine-Insulated Electric Wire
NL7001315A (en) * 1970-01-29 1971-08-02 Bekaert Sa Nv
DE2852001A1 (en) * 1978-12-01 1980-06-12 Metallgesellschaft Ag METHOD FOR SHEATHING ROTATION-SYMMETRICAL, METALLIC MOLDED BODIES
BR9916217B1 (en) * 1998-12-15 2010-05-18 Coated steel wire having a shiny looking surface and process for manufacturing the same.

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of WO2007060040A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2007060040A1 (en) 2007-05-31
BRPI0618759A2 (en) 2011-09-13
ATE490826T1 (en) 2010-12-15
EP1954422B1 (en) 2010-12-08
CN101296765B (en) 2011-08-17
CN101296765A (en) 2008-10-29
DE602006018782D1 (en) 2011-01-20

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