EP1952811A1 - The use of eriocalyxin b in the manufacture of medicaments for treating leukemia - Google Patents
The use of eriocalyxin b in the manufacture of medicaments for treating leukemia Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1952811A1 EP1952811A1 EP06791205A EP06791205A EP1952811A1 EP 1952811 A1 EP1952811 A1 EP 1952811A1 EP 06791205 A EP06791205 A EP 06791205A EP 06791205 A EP06791205 A EP 06791205A EP 1952811 A1 EP1952811 A1 EP 1952811A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- erib
- cells
- kasumi
- leukemia
- eriocalyxin
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- RTIKCEKESDRWAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N eriocalyxin B Natural products C=C1C(=O)C23CC1CCC2C12C(=O)C=CC(C)(C)C1C(O)C3(O)OC2 RTIKCEKESDRWAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 198
- RTIKCEKESDRWAE-UJVKWQRCSA-N eriocalyxin b Chemical compound C([C@@H]1C[C@@]23C(C1=C)=O)C[C@H]2[C@]12C(=O)C=CC(C)(C)[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@]3(O)OC2 RTIKCEKESDRWAE-UJVKWQRCSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 198
- 208000032839 leukemia Diseases 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 208000031261 Acute myeloid leukaemia Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 208000033776 Myeloid Acute Leukemia Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 208000036762 Acute promyelocytic leukaemia Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 208000033826 Promyelocytic Acute Leukemia Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 claims description 18
- 201000011510 cancer Diseases 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 208000028018 Lymphocytic leukaemia Diseases 0.000 claims 1
- 208000003747 lymphoid leukemia Diseases 0.000 claims 1
- 108010057466 NF-kappa B Proteins 0.000 abstract description 60
- 102000003945 NF-kappa B Human genes 0.000 abstract description 60
- 108010052419 NF-KappaB Inhibitor alpha Proteins 0.000 abstract description 22
- 241000699670 Mus sp. Species 0.000 abstract description 19
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 19
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 abstract description 18
- 206010028980 Neoplasm Diseases 0.000 abstract description 17
- 230000026731 phosphorylation Effects 0.000 abstract description 16
- 238000006366 phosphorylation reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 16
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 abstract description 9
- 108020001507 fusion proteins Proteins 0.000 abstract description 8
- 102000037865 fusion proteins Human genes 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000037361 pathway Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000010172 mouse model Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 102000043136 MAP kinase family Human genes 0.000 abstract description 3
- 108091054455 MAP kinase family Proteins 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000002054 transplantation Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 102100030786 3'-5' exoribonuclease 1 Human genes 0.000 abstract 1
- 208000024893 Acute lymphoblastic leukemia Diseases 0.000 abstract 1
- 208000014697 Acute lymphocytic leukaemia Diseases 0.000 abstract 1
- 101000938755 Homo sapiens 3'-5' exoribonuclease 1 Proteins 0.000 abstract 1
- 102000018745 NF-KappaB Inhibitor alpha Human genes 0.000 abstract 1
- 208000006664 Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma Diseases 0.000 abstract 1
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 158
- 230000006907 apoptotic process Effects 0.000 description 41
- 108090000397 Caspase 3 Proteins 0.000 description 26
- 102000003952 Caspase 3 Human genes 0.000 description 26
- 102100023132 Transcription factor Jun Human genes 0.000 description 22
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 22
- 102100039337 NF-kappa-B inhibitor alpha Human genes 0.000 description 21
- 108060008682 Tumor Necrosis Factor Proteins 0.000 description 20
- 102000000852 Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha Human genes 0.000 description 20
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 20
- MZOFCQQQCNRIBI-VMXHOPILSA-N (3s)-4-[[(2s)-1-[[(2s)-1-[[(1s)-1-carboxy-2-hydroxyethyl]amino]-4-methyl-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-5-(diaminomethylideneamino)-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-3-[[2-[[(2s)-2,6-diaminohexanoyl]amino]acetyl]amino]-4-oxobutanoic acid Chemical compound OC[C@@H](C(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCN=C(N)N)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(O)=O)NC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@@H](N)CCCCN MZOFCQQQCNRIBI-VMXHOPILSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 238000001994 activation Methods 0.000 description 17
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 16
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 15
- 102100021569 Apoptosis regulator Bcl-2 Human genes 0.000 description 14
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 description 14
- 101000971171 Homo sapiens Apoptosis regulator Bcl-2 Proteins 0.000 description 13
- 239000003642 reactive oxygen metabolite Substances 0.000 description 13
- 108060001084 Luciferase Proteins 0.000 description 12
- 239000005089 Luciferase Substances 0.000 description 12
- 102000055102 bcl-2-Associated X Human genes 0.000 description 12
- 108700000707 bcl-2-Associated X Proteins 0.000 description 12
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 12
- 238000001262 western blot Methods 0.000 description 12
- 102100036698 Golgi reassembly-stacking protein 1 Human genes 0.000 description 11
- 101001072488 Homo sapiens Golgi reassembly-stacking protein 1 Proteins 0.000 description 11
- 101001050288 Homo sapiens Transcription factor Jun Proteins 0.000 description 11
- 101001000691 Medicago sativa Pectinesterase Proteins 0.000 description 11
- 101000907437 Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (strain 232) Chaperone protein DnaK Proteins 0.000 description 11
- 108010018242 Transcription Factor AP-1 Proteins 0.000 description 11
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 11
- 230000014509 gene expression Effects 0.000 description 11
- 210000004940 nucleus Anatomy 0.000 description 10
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 10
- 229920000776 Poly(Adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase Polymers 0.000 description 9
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 9
- 102000019149 MAP kinase activity proteins Human genes 0.000 description 8
- 108040008097 MAP kinase activity proteins Proteins 0.000 description 8
- 230000010261 cell growth Effects 0.000 description 8
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 230000002438 mitochondrial effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000013612 plasmid Substances 0.000 description 8
- 235000018102 proteins Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 108090000672 Annexin A5 Proteins 0.000 description 7
- 102000004121 Annexin A5 Human genes 0.000 description 7
- 230000004568 DNA-binding Effects 0.000 description 7
- 102100027584 Protein c-Fos Human genes 0.000 description 7
- 108010071563 Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos Proteins 0.000 description 7
- 238000003556 assay Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000001404 mediated effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000034190 positive regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity Effects 0.000 description 7
- XJMOSONTPMZWPB-UHFFFAOYSA-M propidium iodide Chemical compound [I-].[I-].C12=CC(N)=CC=C2C2=CC=C(N)C=C2[N+](CCC[N+](C)(CC)CC)=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 XJMOSONTPMZWPB-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 7
- 102000007665 Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases Human genes 0.000 description 6
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 102000011931 Nucleoproteins Human genes 0.000 description 6
- 108010061100 Nucleoproteins Proteins 0.000 description 6
- 210000000805 cytoplasm Anatomy 0.000 description 6
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 6
- SDHTXBWLVGWJFT-XKCURVIJSA-N oridonin Chemical compound C([C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@@]23C(C1=C)=O)C[C@H]2[C@]12[C@@H](O)CCC(C)(C)[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@]3(O)OC2 SDHTXBWLVGWJFT-XKCURVIJSA-N 0.000 description 6
- CAQAFLRZJHXSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N oridonin Natural products CC1(C)C=CC(O)C23COC(O)(C(O)C12)C45C(O)C(CCC34)C(=C)C5=O CAQAFLRZJHXSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000019491 signal transduction Effects 0.000 description 6
- 208000034951 Genetic Translocation Diseases 0.000 description 5
- 102000055104 bcl-X Human genes 0.000 description 5
- 108700000711 bcl-X Proteins 0.000 description 5
- 108010005774 beta-Galactosidase Proteins 0.000 description 5
- 108020004999 messenger RNA Proteins 0.000 description 5
- 230000005937 nuclear translocation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000000861 pro-apoptotic effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- FFFHZYDWPBMWHY-VKHMYHEASA-N L-homocysteine Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CCS FFFHZYDWPBMWHY-VKHMYHEASA-N 0.000 description 4
- 241000699660 Mus musculus Species 0.000 description 4
- 229930012538 Paclitaxel Natural products 0.000 description 4
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000022131 cell cycle Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000539 dimer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 238000000684 flow cytometry Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000011534 incubation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000003211 malignant effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000006676 mitochondrial damage Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000011580 nude mouse model Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229960001592 paclitaxel Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000003757 reverse transcription PCR Methods 0.000 description 4
- 210000000952 spleen Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 238000010186 staining Methods 0.000 description 4
- RCINICONZNJXQF-MZXODVADSA-N taxol Chemical compound O([C@@H]1[C@@]2(C[C@@H](C(C)=C(C2(C)C)[C@H](C([C@]2(C)[C@@H](O)C[C@H]3OC[C@]3([C@H]21)OC(C)=O)=O)OC(=O)C)OC(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](NC(=O)C=1C=CC=CC=1)C=1C=CC=CC=1)O)C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 RCINICONZNJXQF-MZXODVADSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 102000011727 Caspases Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 108010076667 Caspases Proteins 0.000 description 3
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 101100291267 Drosophila melanogaster Miga gene Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 241001646826 Isodon rubescens Species 0.000 description 3
- 102000007999 Nuclear Proteins Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 108010089610 Nuclear Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 102000013535 Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 108010090931 Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 102000040945 Transcription factor Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 108091023040 Transcription factor Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 230000002424 anti-apoptotic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-FPRJBGLDSA-N beta-D-galactose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-FPRJBGLDSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000004069 differentiation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229930004069 diterpene Natural products 0.000 description 3
- -1 diterpene compound Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 description 3
- 210000003958 hematopoietic stem cell Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 239000007928 intraperitoneal injection Substances 0.000 description 3
- 210000004698 lymphocyte Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 239000012139 lysis buffer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229930014626 natural product Natural products 0.000 description 3
- 238000002203 pretreatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000035755 proliferation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 125000003396 thiol group Chemical group [H]S* 0.000 description 3
- 230000035897 transcription Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000013518 transcription Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001890 transfection Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005945 translocation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 210000004881 tumor cell Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 230000034512 ubiquitination Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010798 ubiquitination Methods 0.000 description 3
- PXEZTIWVRVSYOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3,6-diacetyloxy-2,7-dichloro-9h-xanthen-9-yl)benzoic acid Chemical compound C1=2C=C(Cl)C(OC(=O)C)=CC=2OC2=CC(OC(C)=O)=C(Cl)C=C2C1C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O PXEZTIWVRVSYOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JKMHFZQWWAIEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl]ethanesulfonic acid Chemical compound OCC[NH+]1CCN(CCS([O-])(=O)=O)CC1 JKMHFZQWWAIEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 208000011691 Burkitt lymphomas Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 241000283707 Capra Species 0.000 description 2
- 108020004414 DNA Proteins 0.000 description 2
- KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N EDTA Chemical compound OC(=O)CN(CC(O)=O)CCN(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 108010040476 FITC-annexin A5 Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 239000007995 HEPES buffer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 108010001336 Horseradish Peroxidase Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 241001183967 Isodon Species 0.000 description 2
- TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium chloride Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Cl-].[Cl-] TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000000020 Nitrocellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 238000002835 absorbance Methods 0.000 description 2
- 102000005936 beta-Galactosidase Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 210000000601 blood cell Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 210000001185 bone marrow Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 210000004899 c-terminal region Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 230000030833 cell death Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002512 chemotherapy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000034994 death Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000004141 diterpene derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010166 immunofluorescence Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006882 induction of apoptosis Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000034727 intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000036210 malignancy Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 210000003470 mitochondria Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000877 morphologic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004660 morphological change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011206 morphological examination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 210000000066 myeloid cell Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 229920001220 nitrocellulos Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000000137 peptide hydrolase inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002264 polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- PYWVYCXTNDRMGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodamine B Chemical compound [Cl-].C=12C=CC(=[N+](CC)CC)C=C2OC2=CC(N(CC)CC)=CC=C2C=1C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O PYWVYCXTNDRMGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007619 statistical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000006228 supernatant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001225 therapeutic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005758 transcription activity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 210000003462 vein Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 108091032973 (ribonucleotides)n+m Proteins 0.000 description 1
- HJTAZXHBEBIQQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,5-bis(chloromethyl)naphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(CCl)=CC=CC2=C1CCl HJTAZXHBEBIQQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VFNKZQNIXUFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein Chemical compound O1C(=O)C2=CC=CC=C2C21C1=CC(Cl)=C(O)C=C1OC1=C2C=C(Cl)C(O)=C1 VFNKZQNIXUFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102000007469 Actins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010085238 Actins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 206010000830 Acute leukaemia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 102100022749 Aminopeptidase N Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102000051485 Bcl-2 family Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108700038897 Bcl-2 family Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101150017888 Bcl2 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000004506 Blood Proteins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010017384 Blood Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229940124101 Caspase 3 inhibitor Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 102000053642 Catalytic RNA Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000994 Catalytic RNA Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108010077544 Chromatin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000005778 DNA damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000277 DNA damage Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000033616 DNA repair Effects 0.000 description 1
- 206010013975 Dyspnoeas Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000283074 Equus asinus Species 0.000 description 1
- SXRSQZLOMIGNAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glutaraldehyde Chemical compound O=CCCCC=O SXRSQZLOMIGNAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102100031181 Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100031573 Hematopoietic progenitor cell antigen CD34 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100026122 High affinity immunoglobulin gamma Fc receptor I Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 101000757160 Homo sapiens Aminopeptidase N Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000777663 Homo sapiens Hematopoietic progenitor cell antigen CD34 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000913074 Homo sapiens High affinity immunoglobulin gamma Fc receptor I Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101001046686 Homo sapiens Integrin alpha-M Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000946889 Homo sapiens Monocyte differentiation antigen CD14 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000934338 Homo sapiens Myeloid cell surface antigen CD33 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101001095089 Homo sapiens PML-RARA-regulated adapter molecule 1 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000012404 In vitro experiment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 102100022338 Integrin alpha-M Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 241000554447 Isodon eriocalyx Species 0.000 description 1
- 206010025323 Lymphomas Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000124008 Mammalia Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000004430 Mapka Substances 0.000 description 1
- 102100035877 Monocyte differentiation antigen CD14 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102000007474 Multiprotein Complexes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010085220 Multiprotein Complexes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241000699666 Mus <mouse, genus> Species 0.000 description 1
- 102100025243 Myeloid cell surface antigen CD33 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108091093105 Nuclear DNA Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108091028043 Nucleic acid sequence Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102100037019 PML-RARA-regulated adapter molecule 1 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102000003992 Peroxidases Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 229920001213 Polysorbate 20 Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229940124158 Protease/peptidase inhibitor Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000012980 RPMI-1640 medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 102000006382 Ribonucleases Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010083644 Ribonucleases Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000000692 Student's t-test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 208000029052 T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000202349 Taxus brevifolia Species 0.000 description 1
- GLNADSQYFUSGOU-GPTZEZBUSA-J Trypan blue Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].C1=C(S([O-])(=O)=O)C=C2C=C(S([O-])(=O)=O)C(/N=N/C3=CC=C(C=C3C)C=3C=C(C(=CC=3)\N=N\C=3C(=CC4=CC(=CC(N)=C4C=3O)S([O-])(=O)=O)S([O-])(=O)=O)C)=C(O)C2=C1N GLNADSQYFUSGOU-GPTZEZBUSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 102100031988 Tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 6 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108050002568 Tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 6 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000007502 anemia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000010171 animal model Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940124599 anti-inflammatory drug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000003110 anti-inflammatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001028 anti-proliverative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000259 anti-tumor effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940124350 antibacterial drug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000427 antigen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 102000036639 antigens Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108091007433 antigens Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001640 apoptogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001495 arsenic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- GOLCXWYRSKYTSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsenic trioxide Inorganic materials O1[As]2O[As]1O2 GOLCXWYRSKYTSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000376 autoradiography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000002798 bone marrow cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000000481 breast Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000000872 buffer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007978 cacodylate buffer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001925 catabolic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004113 cell culture Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000024245 cell differentiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013592 cell lysate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000000170 cell membrane Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000005754 cellular signaling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002038 chemiluminescence detection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000003483 chromatin Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000000349 chromosome Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000003776 cleavage reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002299 complementary DNA Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000006552 constitutive activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000000151 cysteine group Chemical group N[C@@H](CS)C(=O)* 0.000 description 1
- 230000002559 cytogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000000172 cytosol Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000001086 cytosolic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000433 cytotoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000001472 cytotoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000135 cytotoxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000003013 cytotoxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009849 deactivation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940042399 direct acting antivirals protease inhibitors Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002019 disulfides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- VHJLVAABSRFDPM-QWWZWVQMSA-N dithiothreitol Chemical compound SC[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)CS VHJLVAABSRFDPM-QWWZWVQMSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003828 downregulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000040 effect on leukemia Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000044 effect on lymphoma Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229930183168 eriocalyxin Natural products 0.000 description 1
- HQPMKSGTIOYHJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethane-1,2-diol;propane-1,2-diol Chemical compound OCCO.CC(O)CO HQPMKSGTIOYHJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007717 exclusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013613 expression plasmid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011536 extraction buffer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013861 fat-free Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000007850 fluorescent dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013467 fragmentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006062 fragmentation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001502 gel electrophoresis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 108020004445 glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229940093920 gynecological arsenic compound Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000003394 haemopoietic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002489 hematologic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000000777 hematopoietic system Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000005260 human cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000010185 immunofluorescence analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000411 inducer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011081 inoculation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010253 intravenous injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000636 lethal dose Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002934 lysing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002132 lysosomal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000003712 lysosome Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000001868 lysosomic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920002521 macromolecule Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910001629 magnesium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 210000004962 mammalian cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013336 milk Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008267 milk Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004080 milk Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000001700 mitochondrial membrane Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000006667 mitochondrial pathway Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003068 molecular probe Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000001616 monocyte Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 208000025113 myeloid leukemia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 210000003643 myeloid progenitor cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000002547 new drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000000056 organ Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000012285 osmium tetroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000489 osmium tetroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002611 ovarian Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008506 pathogenesis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000005259 peripheral blood Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000011886 peripheral blood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 108040007629 peroxidase activity proteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000000144 pharmacologic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001993 poloxamer 188 Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000256 polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010486 polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000003389 potentiating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007757 pro-survival signaling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003531 protein hydrolysate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009822 protein phosphorylation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004063 proteosomal degradation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003762 quantitative reverse transcription PCR Methods 0.000 description 1
- 208000016691 refractory malignant neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 108091092562 ribozyme Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 210000003935 rough endoplasmic reticulum Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000007017 scission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000007447 staining method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011550 stock solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010254 subcutaneous injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007929 subcutaneous injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000024891 symptom Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012353 t test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003211 trypan blue cell staining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005740 tumor formation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012130 whole-cell lysate Substances 0.000 description 1
- DGVVWUTYPXICAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N β‐Mercaptoethanol Chemical compound OCCS DGVVWUTYPXICAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/335—Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. fungichromin
- A61K31/35—Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. fungichromin having six-membered rings with one oxygen as the only ring hetero atom
- A61K31/352—Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. fungichromin having six-membered rings with one oxygen as the only ring hetero atom condensed with carbocyclic rings, e.g. methantheline
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
- A61P35/02—Antineoplastic agents specific for leukemia
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the application of eriocalyxin B, and more particularly to the application of eriocalyxin B in manufacture of medicaments.
- AML Acute myeloid leukemia
- t(8;21)(q22;q22) represents the most commonly seen chromosomal translocations, and the chromosomal translocation generated AML1-ETO fusion protein.
- AML1-ETO blocks myeloid cell differentiation and apoptosis, and plays a key role in disease pathogenesis.
- patients with t(8;21) AML receive chemotherapy and 40% - 50% of them still have relapses afterwards, in that, the patients also become drug resistant.
- the high-dosage chemotherapy is unsuitable for elderly patients. Malignant tumors greatly endanger human lives and health. Therefore, it is of great significance to develop an alternative drug or a substitute agent which is able to directly target against malignant tumors in reducing mortality, providing clinical guidance, and also improving the quality of life of tumor patients.
- Paclitaxel (trade name Taxol) is a natural product from the bark of Pacific yew Taxus brevifolia. Paclitaxel is effective for drug resistant cancers of breast and ovarian and more than 100 species of syntheses of Paclitaxel have been used by clinical applications.
- Inorganic arsenic compounds for example, initially originated from the arsenic trioxide, are very effective in the treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia, the M3 subtype of AML characterized by t(15;17) and resultant PML-RAR fusion gene.
- Eriocalyxin B is an ent-kauran-diterpene compound isolated from a medicinal plant Isodon eriocalyxlsodon eriocalyx var. laxiflora (Shu Hua Eriocalyxin Isodon), which is found in China and uniquely distributed in the southwest region of China.
- the two afore-said medicinal plants are used in the civil society as anti-inflammatory and antibacterial drugs.
- EriB displays cytotoxic effect in a variety of cancer cell lines. EriB can significantly inhibit HL60, A549, MKN-28, HCT and CA cell growth through responses with biological macromolecules, such as sulfthydryl, as multi-targets to exercise the EriB activities.
- the objectives of the present invention are: (1) Providing an application of eriocalyxin B (EriB) in manufacture of medicaments for treating acute leukemia; and (2) Providing the application of eriocalyxin B in manufacture of medicaments for treating Burkitt's lymphoma.
- EriB eriocalyxin B
- Anti- ⁇ -actin and c-Fos antibody were purchased from Abcam company.
- Anti-cleaved caspase-3, I ⁇ B ⁇ and chemiluminescence detection kits were purchased from Cell Signaling company.
- Donkey anti-mouse fluorescent-labeled IgG was purchased from Molecular Probes company.
- AML leukemia with t(8;21) chromosomal translocation Kasumi-1 cell lines which is also known as acute myeloid leukemia comprising AML1-ETO fusion gene
- acute promyelocytic leukemia NB4, NB4/R1 and NB4/R2 cell lines and acute myeloid leukemia U937 cell lines
- Burkitt's lymphoma (Raji and Daudi) cell lines T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Jurkat) cell lines.
- the present invention studied by collecting primary leukemia cells from five AML patients with t(8;21).
- Leukemia cells were prepared in the following conditions: separated with Lymphocyte Separation Medium, further isolated and cultured in RPMI-1640 medium (Gibco / BRL), in addition, added 10% FBS (PAA) in 5%CO 2 -95% air and saturated humidity, and at 37°C. In each experiment, cell inoculation density is 2 ⁇ 10 5 /ml. The survival rate of cells was accessed using trypan blue dye-exclusion experiments. Cell observations were done by using the Wright's staining method.
- Precipitation was washed with non-NP-40 lysis buffer, then resuspended in extraction buffer (20mM HEPES, pH 7.9, 420mM NaCl, 0.5mM DTT, 0.2mM EDTA and 25% glycerol), and incubated on ice for 20 minutes. Centrifugation at 12000 ⁇ g was performed for 10 minutes, and afterwards, the supernatant is collected as the nucleoprotein.
- RT-PCR Semi-quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR): the total RNA was extracted using Trizol (Invitrogen). Random hexamers and Superscript II (Invitrogen) ART were used for reverse transcribed into cDNA.
- the present invention utilized the following primers:
- Luciferase report assay Kasumi-1 cells were resuspended in cultured medium, added the gene vector [10 ⁇ g, NF- ⁇ B-mediated luciferase reporter plasmid or pAP1-luc (Clontech), and 2 ⁇ g of ⁇ -galactosidase enzyme expression plasmid for correcting cell transfection efficiency of the CMV-mediated.
- Cell transfection conditions were: 1000V, 25 ⁇ F, and the instrument came from the Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. Transfections after 36 hours, the cells were treated with EriB and/or TNF ⁇ , and then the cells were lysed. Luciferase activity was measured by lumat LB 9507 tube luminometer (EG&G Berthold).
- Cell lysates were mixed with 2 ⁇ ⁇ -half-galactosidase reaction reagents, after incubated for one hour at 37°C, the termination of reaction by adding 1 M Na 2 CO 3 .
- the ⁇ -galactosidase enzyme absorbance values were measured at 420nm by spectrophotometer.
- Leukemia murine model female C57 mice and nude mice (5-6 weeks) were bred in special pathogen-free environment. C57 mice received 400 cGy from a high-energy linear accelerator at the dose rate of 100 cGy per minute. After 24 hours, the C57 mice were injected with 3 ⁇ 10 6 Mig/Etr cells expressing carbon-terminal truncated AML1-ETO of 0.2ml PBS via tail vein intravenous injection. Treatments (12 mice in each group) were started five days after injection of leukemia cells. The control group and the EriB treated group, all respectively receive EriB (1.25, or 2.5mg/kg, intraperitoneal injection for two weeks) and diluents (1% Pluronic F68).
- Diterpenoids show significant cytotoxicity against solid tumor cells and hematological malignant cells.
- EriB a diterpene compound isolated from Isodon eriocalyx var. laxiflora, possesses an antiproliferation effect on leukemia/lymphoma cells, especially on t(8;21) leukemia cells.
- EriB induces apoptosis of Kasumi-1 cells and fresh leukemic cells from patients, which suggests that EriB is effective in treating t(8;21) leukemia.
- EriB is able to directly target AML1-ETO fusion protein, mainly through activation of caspases.
- EriB causes collapse of mitochondrial transmembrane potential in Kasumi-1 cells. It has been reported that Oridonin, a diterpenoid isolated from Rabdosia rubescens, downregulates the Bcl-2 and induces apoptosis of NB4 and K562 cells. In the present invention studies, EriB has been shown to be able to significantly reduce Bcl-2 and Bcl-X L at mRNA and protein levels, which further suggests that the EriB-induced apoptosis involve intrinsic apoptosis pathway.
- NF- ⁇ B Constitutive activation of NF- ⁇ B is observed in AML cells, and NF- ⁇ B regulates expression of many genes that are important for the apoptosis and survival of leukemia cells, including Bcl-2 and Bcl-X L .
- NF- ⁇ B transcription factors can form homo-dimers and hetero-dimers with many factors including TNF- ⁇ . Degradation of I ⁇ B ⁇ leads to translocation of NF- ⁇ B from cytoplasm into the nucleus and initiating transcription activation of targeted gene. Recent studies have shown that oridonin treatment is associated with blockage of NF- ⁇ B signaling pathways.
- oridonin directly interferes with the DNA-binding activity of NF- ⁇ B to its response DNA sequence; in another aspect, oridonin has an additional impact on NF- ⁇ B nuclear translocation by affecting I ⁇ B ⁇ phosphorylation and degradation.
- EriB inhibits the intrinsic NF- ⁇ B activation by directly interrupting the DNA-binding activity of NF- ⁇ B without the change of nuclear translocation.
- TNF- ⁇ In the presence of TNF- ⁇ , EriB prevented TNF- ⁇ -induced NF- ⁇ B activation through blocking I ⁇ B ⁇ phosphorylation and degradation. Therefore, EriB has the ability to negatively regulate two important aspects of NF- ⁇ B activation process. Given the expression of NF- ⁇ B in AML, but not normal primitive cells, inhibition of NF- ⁇ B might induce leukemia cell apoptosis.
- NF- ⁇ B is a redox-sensitive transcription factor.
- NF- ⁇ B and its target genes integration in the nucleus require a reductive environment.
- the redox-sensitive homocysteine may be oxidized, thus making NF- ⁇ B unable to bind with the targeted genes.
- DTT can be completely inhibited by the EriB induction in a series of changes.
- Caspase-3 activation is essential for leukemia cell apoptosis.
- caspase-3 can also cleave I ⁇ B ⁇ at ser32, leading to loss of I ⁇ B ⁇ ubiquitination site and generating ⁇ I ⁇ B ⁇ , the non-degradable form of I ⁇ B ⁇ .
- ⁇ I ⁇ B ⁇ acts as a super-inhibitor in its process of integrating with the NF- ⁇ B dimer and decreases the NF- ⁇ B activity through the gathering of NF- ⁇ B in the cytoplasm.
- EriB can activate caspase-3, followed by cleaving PARP.
- Raf/MEK/ERK cascade generally promotes cell survival, particularly in malignant hematopoietic cells. Interference of ERK1 / 2 may reduce the threshold of EriB induced apoptosis.
- AP-1 activation can promote cell death, in mammalian cells in the main AP-1 complexes members are c-Jun and c-Fos. Some studies showed that when cells are faced with DNA damage, c-Jun can induce CD95-L to pro-apoptotic regulation, and the c-Fos has both pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic function, depending on the cell type and extra-cellular stimuli.
- Oridonin is a diterpene compound isolated from Isodon rubescen, and it can increase the apoptotic rate of the L929 cells through the activation of ERK1 / 2 dependent MAPK pathway.
- EriB rapidly inhibited ERK1 / 2 phosphorylation, resulting in activation of transcription factor AP-1.
- pro-survival signaling regulator for example: ERK1 / 2
- pro-apoptosis regulator for example: AP-1).
- this may be caspase-3 independent mechanism.
- EriB induces t(8;21) apoptosis by inhibiting NF- ⁇ B and MAPK signaling pathway.
- EriB is a potent apoptosis inducer for t(8;21) leukemia cells and a potential therapeutic medicament.
- the present invention discloses an application of EriB in the manufacture of medicaments having the advantages of: (1) The present invention has explored a new medical application of EriB, which has opened up a new application field. (2) The present invention shows that EriB is safe and non-toxic, has strong pharmacological effects, and indicates a very good prospect for medicinal application.
- EriB can improve the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), affect I ⁇ B ⁇ phosphorylation and degradation, and prevent the NF- ⁇ B into the nucleus, thereby inhibiting NF- ⁇ B signaling pathway. EriB can also downregulate the phosphorylation level of ERK1 / 2, and inhibit MAPKA signaling pathway. (4) EriB can prolong the survival time or reduce tumor size of C57 mice bearing leukemia or in nude mice harboring Kasumi-1 cells, respectively.
- ROS reactive oxygen species
- Embodiment 1 EriB can inhibit the growth of human leukemia cells and induce apoptosis. Using MTT method to detect the impact of EriB on human malignant hematopoietic cell growth shows that EriB inhibits the growth of these cells at between 0.2 - 2 ⁇ M, and different concentrations of EriB can also inhibit cell growth. EriB to Kasumi-1 cell growth inhibited half of the growth with inhibitor amount of 0.2 ⁇ M, to the NB4 and NB4/R2 cells for amount of 0.5 ⁇ M, and to the NB4R1, HL60 and U937 cells for the amount of 1 ⁇ M. Lymphocyte proliferation of malignant diseases which are sensitive to EriB are lower than the myeloid leukemia cells, Raji, Daudi, and Jurkat cells and the IC 50 values are higher than the 1.5 ⁇ M (see FIG. 1 B) .
- Kasumi-1 cells are most sensitive to EriB, EriB to cell growth inhibition has time and dose dependencies (see FIG. 1C right), the survival rate also correspondingly decline (see FIG. 1C right). In less than 0.25 ⁇ M concentrations, can also observe the inhibitory effect. Kasumi-1 cells treated with 0.25 ⁇ M and 0.75 ⁇ M EriB after 48 hours, a total of 42.7 ⁇ 6.5% and 90.5 ⁇ 4.3% cell death (see FIG. 1C right).
- Kasumi-1 cells In order to detect whether EriB through induction of apoptosis leads to cell growth inhibition, detections of Kasumi-1 cells form and annexin V-FITC/PI (propidium iodide) were performed.
- the Kasumi-1 cells treated with 0.5 ⁇ M EriB showed the characteristics of apoptosis morphological changes, for example: shrinkage of the cytoplasm, condensed chromatin, and nuclear fragmentation with intact cell membrane, the NB4 and NB4/R2 cells treated with 1 ⁇ M EriB also showed similar features (see FIG. 1D ).
- Kasumi-1 cells treated with 0.1 and 0.25 ⁇ M EriB for seven days have not changed their myeloid cells and monocytes differentiation associated antigen expression, such as: CD11b, CD13, CD14, CD33, CD34 and CD64; and did not induce differentiation.
- Embodiment 2 Mitochondrial damage by EriB in induced apoptosis concentration, activated caspase-3.
- the normal tumor cells nucleus are irregularly shape, containing a lot of rough endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria (see FIG. 2B )
- Kasumi-1 cells treated with EriB for six hours later showed expansion of the cell, the increase in lysosome number, swelling and debilitated mitochondria (see FIG. 2B ), which prompted the early cell apoptosis and mitochondrial damage (see FIG. 2B ).
- Embodiment 3 EriB through downregulation of Bcl-2 and Bcl-X L to act on intrinsic apoptosis pathways.
- Bcl-2 family proteins directly control the mitochondrial membrane permeability, and they are caspase activation central regulators.
- the family of anti-apoptotic and pro-apoptotic members decided the fate of the cells whether to live or die.
- Embodiment 4 EriB inhibited intrinsic and TNF- ⁇ -induced NF- ⁇ B activation of Kasumi-1 cells.
- EriB can reduce Bcl-2 and Bcl-X L at the mRNA level, and they are directly affecting by the transcription of NF- ⁇ B control.
- luciferase report assay In Kasumi-1 cells, the NF- ⁇ B showed that the basis of the transcription activity, which prompted that NF- ⁇ B is constitutively activated, joining with the TNF- ⁇ 4 hours later, the luciferase activity approximately increased four times (see FIG. 4A ).
- Embodiment 5 EriB prevented NF- ⁇ B nuclear translocation and I ⁇ B ⁇ degradation in Kasumi-1 cells.
- EriB-mediated NF- ⁇ B deactivation mechanism we prepared immunofluorescence detection and western blot analysis. Despite that the Kasumi-1 cells' EriB had no apparent impact on nuclear translocation of P65, it can significantly prevent TNF- ⁇ -induced P65 from rapidly translocate into nucleus (see FIG. 4C ). Wherein Kasumi-1 cells treated with EriB, the nuclear NF- ⁇ B is reduced, and increased in the cytoplasm (see FIG. 4D ). In order to detect EriB effect to nucleus NF- ⁇ B, we prepared Kasumi-1 cell nuclear protein extract. After treated with EriB for 24 and 48 hours, Kasumi-1 cells nuclear protein is reduced (see FIG. 4F ).
- I ⁇ B ⁇ regulates NF- ⁇ B activities by isolating NF- ⁇ B in the cytoplasm. I ⁇ B ⁇ , after the ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation, will lead to NF- ⁇ B nuclear translocation. In the present invention studies, TNF- ⁇ induced I ⁇ B ⁇ phosphorylation in four hours, but the protein phosphorylation in pretreatment of EriB was inhibited (see FIG. 4D ). In order to detect the role of I ⁇ B ⁇ in the process of reducing the nucleus level of NF- ⁇ B, we used Western blot analysis on overall protein of Kasumi-1 cells treated with EriB.
- EriB can inhibit the intrinsic NF- ⁇ B activity by directly inhibit NF- ⁇ B and DNA binding ability, and mainly through the inhibiting I ⁇ B ⁇ phosphorylation and degradation to block TNF- ⁇ -induced NF- ⁇ B activity.
- Embodiment 6 DTT inhibited EriB induced Kasumi-1 apoptosis and increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS).
- ROS reactive oxygen species
- H2DCFDA cell permeability dye
- Embodiment 7 EriB induced degradation of AML-ETO fusion protein. This change can antagonize caspase-3 inhibitors.
- AML-ETO fusion protein is generated by the chromosome translocation of t(8;21), AML-ETO is considered an important therapeutic target into the treatment of AML comprising fusion protein.
- We used anti-ETO antibody testing found that Kasumi-1 cells after treated with EriB for 24 and 48 hours AML1-ETO degradation (see FIG. 5A ), which indicated EriB directly to fusion protein.
- Embodiment 8 EriB inhibit ERK pathway and initiate AP-1 pathway in Kasumi-1 cells.
- the Ras / Raf / MEK / ERK pathway is an important signaling cascade response involved in controlling the proliferation of blood cells, the destruction of this pathway will predominate pro-apoptotic signals in AML.
- anti-ERK1 / 2 phosphorylation forms p-ERK1 / 2 antibody to proceed with western blot analysis.
- p-ERK1 / 2 phosphorylation levels In Kasumi-1 cells, EriB treated for 12 and 24 hours later, ERK1 / 2 phosphorylation level rapidly decreased (see FIG. 6A ). In fact, Kasumi-1 cells treated with EriB for 30 minutes, p-ERK1 / 2 has already begun to reduce (see FIG. 6A ).
- Embodiment 9 EriB induced apoptosis of leukemia from patients with t(8;21).
- EriB in treatment after 12 and 24 hours can also lower Bcl-2 and Bcl-X L level (see FIG. 7C ).
- Embodiment 10 EriB efficacy in the treatment of murine models.
- C57 mice were irradiated by lethal dose (LD) 50 and injected via tail vein intravenously with 3 ⁇ 10 6 MigA/Etr cells expressing of C-terminal truncated AML1-ETO (day 0). Beginning on day 5, intraperitoneal injection of EriB (1.25 or 5mg/kg) for two weeks. The overall survival rate was measured and calculated started from day 0 to the date of death. All the mice eventually develop symptoms of anemia and difficulty breathing, and also the occurrence of a large number of primitive blood cells in the peripheral blood.
- LD lethal dose
- mice Histological and morphological analyses show that compared to the normal C57 mice, the incidence mice hematopoietic organs (spleen and bone marrow) structures are destroyed and a large number of immature parental cells are invaded (see FIG. 8A ).
- the mice treated with EriB had spleen size obviously smaller than untreated mice (see FIG. 8A ).
- EriB can significantly delay disease onset, increase survival time in mice, and extend the median survival time from 25 days (control group) to 28 days (EriB 1.25 mg/kg, P ⁇ 0.001) or 32 days (EriB 2.5 mg/kg, P ⁇ 0.001) (see FIG. 8A ).
- Another xenograft tumor model was established through subcutaneous injection in nude mice of 3 ⁇ 10 7 Kasumi-1 cells (day 0). The incubation period of tumor formation at the site of injection was about 8-12 days. Beginning from day 10, the mice were treated with EriB (2.5 mg/kg) by intraperitoneal injection only until day 19. Compared with the control group, EriB can significantly reduce tumor size (P ⁇ 0.05) (see FIG. 8B ).
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Oncology (AREA)
- Hematology (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
- Medicines That Contain Protein Lipid Enzymes And Other Medicines (AREA)
- Measuring Or Testing Involving Enzymes Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)
- Heterocyclic Carbon Compounds Containing A Hetero Ring Having Oxygen Or Sulfur (AREA)
Abstract
The use of eriocalyxin B in the manufacture of medicaments for treating leukemia, wherein the leukemia include leukemia containing AML1-ETO fusion protein, acute promyelocytic leukemia, acute myelocytic leukemia and lymphocytic leukemia. Eriocalyxin B increases the level of peroxidate and influences the phosphorylation and degradation of IκBα to prevent NF-κB from getting into the nucleus in order to inhibition NF-κB pathway. Eriocalyxin B can decrease the phosphorylation of ERI1/2 and inhibit MAPK pathway. Eriocalyxin B can extend the life span of mice and decrease tumor volume in mice model of C57 leukemia and tumor transplantation.
Description
- The present invention relates to the application of eriocalyxin B, and more particularly to the application of eriocalyxin B in manufacture of medicaments.
- Malignant tumors are serious diseases that endanger human health and lives. At the present time, China's number of annual malignancy incidences is about 1.6 million, and malignant tumor has leapt to the first place in the cause of death for urban residents. Leukemia is a general name for malignant tumors of bone marrow cells, lymphocytes, and other hematopoietic cells. Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a group of hematopoietic system malignancies originated from the abnormal proliferation, differentiation, and survival of the myeloid progenitor cells. Distinctive chromosomal translocations often appear in AML cases and play a key role in leukemia incidences. In AML cases, t(8;21)(q22;q22) represents the most commonly seen chromosomal translocations, and the chromosomal translocation generated AML1-ETO fusion protein. AML1-ETO blocks myeloid cell differentiation and apoptosis, and plays a key role in disease pathogenesis. Clinically, patients with t(8;21) AML receive chemotherapy and 40% - 50% of them still have relapses afterwards, in that, the patients also become drug resistant. Moreover, the high-dosage chemotherapy is unsuitable for elderly patients. Malignant tumors greatly endanger human lives and health. Therefore, it is of great significance to develop an alternative drug or a substitute agent which is able to directly target against malignant tumors in reducing mortality, providing clinical guidance, and also improving the quality of life of tumor patients.
- In the past 30 years, natural products in the treatment of cancer have shown promising results. Natural products can provide many leading precursor chemical compounds, which can be used to design more biologically active templates for new drugs. Paclitaxel (trade name Taxol) is a natural product from the bark of Pacific yew Taxus brevifolia. Paclitaxel is effective for drug resistant cancers of breast and ovarian and more than 100 species of syntheses of Paclitaxel have been used by clinical applications. Inorganic arsenic compounds, for example, initially originated from the arsenic trioxide, are very effective in the treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia, the M3 subtype of AML characterized by t(15;17) and resultant PML-RAR fusion gene. Oridonin, a diterpene compound extracted from the medicinal plants Isodon rubescens, exhibits a strong anti-tumor activity. Eriocalyxin B, abbreviated as EriB (see
FIG. 1A ), is an ent-kauran-diterpene compound isolated from a medicinal plant Isodon eriocalyxlsodon eriocalyx var. laxiflora (Shu Hua Eriocalyxin Isodon), which is found in China and uniquely distributed in the southwest region of China. The two afore-said medicinal plants are used in the civil society as anti-inflammatory and antibacterial drugs. EriB displays cytotoxic effect in a variety of cancer cell lines. EriB can significantly inhibit HL60, A549, MKN-28, HCT and CA cell growth through responses with biological macromolecules, such as sulfthydryl, as multi-targets to exercise the EriB activities. - The objectives of the present invention are: (1) Providing an application of eriocalyxin B (EriB) in manufacture of medicaments for treating acute leukemia; and (2) Providing the application of eriocalyxin B in manufacture of medicaments for treating Burkitt's lymphoma.
- The objectives of the present invention are achieved by the following technical methods:
- (I) Reagents : EriB (provided by professor Sun Han Dong of Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences) is dissolved in DMSO as a 100mM concentration stock solution at -20°C. MTT, propidium iodide (PI), dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), dithiothreitol (disulfide-sugar alcohol), protease inhibitors, and Hochest 33258, were purchased from Sigma company. Z-DEVD-fmk was purchased from BD company. Anti-PARP, caspase-3, Bcl2, Bcl-XL, Bax, P65, Lamin B, carboxyl-terminal IκBα, amino-terminal IκBα, ERK1 / 2, phosphorylated form of ERK1 / 2, c-Jun, phosphorylated form of c-Jun and ETO antibodies, peroxidase-coupled goat anti-mouse IgG, goat anti-rabbit IgG, and mouse anti-goat IgG, were purchased from the Santa Cruz company. Anti-β-actin and c-Fos antibody were purchased from Abcam company. Anti-cleaved caspase-3, IκBα and chemiluminescence detection kits were purchased from Cell Signaling company. Donkey anti-mouse fluorescent-labeled IgG was purchased from Molecular Probes company.
- (II) Cell culture, cell survival and cell morphology: the present invention utilized the following human cell lines: AML leukemia with t(8;21) chromosomal translocation Kasumi-1 cell lines, which is also known as acute myeloid leukemia comprising AML1-ETO fusion gene; acute promyelocytic leukemia NB4, NB4/R1 and NB4/R2 cell lines, and acute myeloid leukemia U937 cell lines; Burkitt's lymphoma (Raji and Daudi) cell lines; T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Jurkat) cell lines. The present invention studied by collecting primary leukemia cells from five AML patients with t(8;21). The diagnoses of patients were established on the bases of morphological examination, cytogenetics study detection of t(8;21) chromosomal translocation, and RT-PCR detection of AML1-ETO fusion protein. Leukemia cells were prepared in the following conditions: separated with Lymphocyte Separation Medium, further isolated and cultured in RPMI-1640 medium (Gibco / BRL), in addition, added 10% FBS (PAA) in 5%CO2-95% air and saturated humidity, and at 37°C. In each experiment, cell inoculation density is 2×105/ml. The survival rate of cells was accessed using trypan blue dye-exclusion experiments. Cell observations were done by using the Wright's staining method.
- (III) MTT experiment: cells were treated with EriB at concentrations of 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10µM in a 96-hole plate. After 72 hours, 0.1 mg MTT was added to each hole, incubated at 37°C for four hours later, absorbance values were measured at 570nm by spectrophotometer.
- (IV) Flow cytometric for annexin-V, cell cycle, mitochondrial transmembrane potential and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation: Cell apoptosis was analyzed using an ApoAlert Annexin V-FITC Apoptosis kit (BD). In the process of analyzing the cell cycle, the cells were fixed overnight in methanol at -20°C, followed by treatment of Tris-HCI buffer (pH 7.4) comprising 1% RNase, 50µg/ml PI staining. In the detection of mitochondrial transmembrane potential, the cells were washed with PBS, incubated at 37°C and with 10mg/ml Rh123 for 30 minutes, and then staining with 50µg/ml PI. DCFH-DA was used to detect ROS levels, thus the cells were washed with PBS, and incubated at 37°C and with 20mM DCFH-DA for 30 minutes. Fluorescence intensity was measured by flow cytometry.
- (V) Transmission electron microscope: cells were fixed in 2% glutaraldehyde at 4°C overnight and centrifuged at 3000×g for 15 minutes, then washed with 0.1M cacodylate buffer, and fixed in 1% osmium tetroxide for one hour at 4°C, and after dehydration, embedded with Epon 812. The samples were prepared using a thin slicing machine, and after staining, observations were done on transmission electron microscope.
- (VI) Immunofluorescence: the cells were fixed in methanol for five minutes at -20°C, after being washed with PBS, treated by 0.5% Triton-X-permeability, blocked with 1% BSA, and incubated with anti-P65 antibody at room temperature for one hour; after being washed again with PBS and incubated with the fluorescent-label IgG at room temperature for 30 minutes. The cells were incubated with Hochest 33258 for five minutes later, and observations were proceeded under the fluorescent microscope.
- (VII) Western Blot analysis: lysing 5x106 cells with 200 µl Laemmli lysis buffer (0.5M Tris-HCI, pH 6.8, 2mM EDTA, 10% glycerol, 2% SDS and 5% β-mercaptoethanol). Protein lysate (20µg) was used on 10% polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and then transferred to nitrocellulose membranes. Nitrocellulose membranes were blocked with TBS/0.05%
Tween 20 5% skim (nonfat) milk, and afterwards, incubated with primary antibody for two hours at room temperature, and incubated with horseradish peroxidase labeled IgG for one hour. The Immunocomplexes were detected with chemiluminescence horseradish peroxidase detection kit. The signal intensities of the respective bands were analyzed with Quantity One version 4.1.1 software. - (VIII) Nucleoprotein and pulp protein Separation: 1×107 cells and 400µl of 0.2% Nonidet P-40 and the protease inhibitor lysis buffer (10mM HEPES, 10mM KCI, 1.5mM MgCl2, 0.5mM DTT, pH 7.9) were incubated on ice for one minute. Centrifugation at 2500×g was performed for one minute, and afterwards, supernatants were collected as plasma protein. Precipitation was washed with non-NP-40 lysis buffer, then resuspended in extraction buffer (20mM HEPES, pH 7.9, 420mM NaCl, 0.5mM DTT, 0.2mM EDTA and 25% glycerol), and incubated on ice for 20 minutes. Centrifugation at 12000×g was performed for 10 minutes, and afterwards, the supernatant is collected as the nucleoprotein.
- (IX) Semi-quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR): the total RNA was extracted using Trizol (Invitrogen). Random hexamers and Superscript II (Invitrogen) ART were used for reverse transcribed into cDNA. The present invention utilized the following primers:
- GAPDH,5'-TCACCAGGGCTGCTTTTA-3' and 5'-AAGGTCATCCCTGAGCTGAA-3';
- Bcl-2,5'-GCAGGCATGTTGACTTCACTT-3' and 5'-GGAGGATTGTGGCCTTCTTTG-3':
- Bcl-XL5'-CATGGCAGCAGTAAAGCAAGC-3' and 5'-TGCGATCCGACTCACCAATAC-3'
- Bax,5'TTCTGACGGCAACTTCAACTGGG-3'5'-TTCTTCCAGATGGTGAGCGAGG-3'. Cycle parameters: 94°C for 5 minutes; 94 °C for 1 minute, 58 °C for 1 minute, 72°C for 1 minute, a total of 28 cycles; 72 °C for 5 minutes.
- (X) Luciferase report assay: Kasumi-1 cells were resuspended in cultured medium, added the gene vector [10µg, NF-κB-mediated luciferase reporter plasmid or pAP1-luc (Clontech), and 2µg of β-galactosidase enzyme expression plasmid for correcting cell transfection efficiency of the CMV-mediated. Cell transfection conditions were: 1000V, 25µF, and the instrument came from the Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. Transfections after 36 hours, the cells were treated with EriB and/or TNFα, and then the cells were lysed. Luciferase activity was measured by lumat LB 9507 tube luminometer (EG&G Berthold). Cell lysates were mixed with 2 × β-half-galactosidase reaction reagents, after incubated for one hour at 37°C, the termination of reaction by adding 1 M Na2CO3. The β-galactosidase enzyme absorbance values were measured at 420nm by spectrophotometer.
- (XI) Gel electrophoresis shift assay: nucleoprotein extracts of Kasumi-1 cells were quantitatively determined by using Coomassie plus reagent (Pierce). Nucleoprotein (10µg) and 32P marked double-stranded NF-κB (5'-AGTTGAGGGGACTTTCCCAGGC-3') were sequentially incubated, and then lysed using 4% of non-denaturing PAGE gel; the marked bands were detected by using autoradiography.
- (XII) Leukemia murine model: female C57 mice and nude mice (5-6 weeks) were bred in special pathogen-free environment. C57 mice received 400 cGy from a high-energy linear accelerator at the dose rate of 100 cGy per minute. After 24 hours, the C57 mice were injected with 3×106 Mig/Etr cells expressing carbon-terminal truncated AML1-ETO of 0.2ml PBS via tail vein intravenous injection. Treatments (12 mice in each group) were started five days after injection of leukemia cells. The control group and the EriB treated group, all respectively receive EriB (1.25, or 2.5mg/kg, intraperitoneal injection for two weeks) and diluents (1% Pluronic F68).
- (XIII) Statistical analysis: the results were expressed by using the average value and the standard deviation of three independent experiments, using t-test to compare the differences. P-values <0.05 were considered statistically significant. All statistical analyses were evaluated using SAS 8.2 software.
- Diterpenoids show significant cytotoxicity against solid tumor cells and hematological malignant cells. Through the present invention studies, we found that EriB, a diterpene compound isolated from Isodon eriocalyx var. laxiflora, possesses an antiproliferation effect on leukemia/lymphoma cells, especially on t(8;21) leukemia cells. EriB induces apoptosis of Kasumi-1 cells and fresh leukemic cells from patients, which suggests that EriB is effective in treating t(8;21) leukemia. EriB is able to directly target AML1-ETO fusion protein, mainly through activation of caspases. These have been demonstrated by morphological characteristics, and proved by the results of sub-G1 cells and annexin V+/PI-cell assays. Moreover, EriB causes collapse of mitochondrial transmembrane potential in Kasumi-1 cells. It has been reported that Oridonin, a diterpenoid isolated from Rabdosia rubescens, downregulates the Bcl-2 and induces apoptosis of NB4 and K562 cells. In the present invention studies, EriB has been shown to be able to significantly reduce Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL at mRNA and protein levels, which further suggests that the EriB-induced apoptosis involve intrinsic apoptosis pathway.
- Constitutive activation of NF-κB is observed in AML cells, and NF-κB regulates expression of many genes that are important for the apoptosis and survival of leukemia cells, including Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL. NF-κB transcription factors can form homo-dimers and hetero-dimers with many factors including TNF-α. Degradation of IκBα leads to translocation of NF-κB from cytoplasm into the nucleus and initiating transcription activation of targeted gene. Recent studies have shown that oridonin treatment is associated with blockage of NF-κB signaling pathways. In one aspect, oridonin directly interferes with the DNA-binding activity of NF-κB to its response DNA sequence; in another aspect, oridonin has an additional impact on NF-κB nuclear translocation by affecting IκBα phosphorylation and degradation. In the present invention studies, we found that two different signaling pathways were involved in EriB-induced inhibition of NF-κB activation. EriB inhibits the intrinsic NF-κB activation by directly interrupting the DNA-binding activity of NF-κB without the change of nuclear translocation. In the presence of TNF-α, EriB prevented TNF-α-induced NF-κB activation through blocking IκBα phosphorylation and degradation. Therefore, EriB has the ability to negatively regulate two important aspects of NF-κB activation process. Given the expression of NF-κB in AML, but not normal primitive cells, inhibition of NF-κB might induce leukemia cell apoptosis.
- NF-κB is a redox-sensitive transcription factor. NF-κB and its target genes integration in the nucleus require a reductive environment. In NF-κB and the DNA-binding region, the redox-sensitive homocysteine may be oxidized, thus making NF-κB unable to bind with the targeted genes. In the present invention studies, we found that in Kasumi-1 cells treated with EriB, EriB can increase ROS at an early stage; then NF-κB was inhibited and the cells committed apoptosis. Antioxidants DTT can be completely inhibited by the EriB induction in a series of changes. The results are shown in the process of EriB induced NF-κB inhibition and reduction, that is, the balance of oxidation is very important. On the other hand, EriB is recognized to be able to combine with sulfhydryl of protein. EriB-induced NF-κB inhibition may also be due to EriB and NF-κB DNA-binding region of homocysteine on the sulfhydryl combination. When sulfhydryl of homocysteine formed disulfide bonds, homocysteine is oxidized, which will make NF-κB not able to be combined with the targeted genes. DTT can reduce the formation of disulfide bonds, making cysteine residues to reinstate the original state and restore NF-κB activity.
- Caspase-3 activation is essential for leukemia cell apoptosis. In addition to playing a role in apoptosis, caspase-3 can also cleave IκBα at ser32, leading to loss of IκBα ubiquitination site and generating ΔIκBα, the non-degradable form of IκBα. ΔIκBα acts as a super-inhibitor in its process of integrating with the NF-κB dimer and decreases the NF-κB activity through the gathering of NF-κB in the cytoplasm. EriB can activate caspase-3, followed by cleaving PARP. In the present invention studies, we detected a 34kDa size of IκBα cleaved product (ΔIκBα) corresponding to this phenomenon of caspase-3 increased activity and the reduction of NF-κB protein level in the nucleus. Caspase-3 activation seems to be related to EriB induced degradation of AML1-ETO, but only partially reducing EriB induced apoptosis, and this prompted that EriB induced apoptosis process still exists a caspase-3-independent mechanism.
- Raf/MEK/ERK cascade generally promotes cell survival, particularly in malignant hematopoietic cells. Interference of ERK1 / 2 may reduce the threshold of EriB induced apoptosis. AP-1 activation can promote cell death, in mammalian cells in the main AP-1 complexes members are c-Jun and c-Fos. Some studies showed that when cells are faced with DNA damage, c-Jun can induce CD95-L to pro-apoptotic regulation, and the c-Fos has both pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic function, depending on the cell type and extra-cellular stimuli. Oridonin is a diterpene compound isolated from Isodon rubescen, and it can increase the apoptotic rate of the L929 cells through the activation of ERK1 / 2 dependent MAPK pathway. In the present invention studies, we proved that in Kasumi-1 cells, EriB rapidly inhibited ERK1 / 2 phosphorylation, resulting in activation of transcription factor AP-1. This shows that EriB can induce pro-survival signaling regulator (for example: ERK1 / 2) as well as pro-apoptosis regulator (for example: AP-1). In the process of EriB induced apoptosis, this may be caspase-3 independent mechanism.
- In summary, the current studies prove that EriB induces t(8;21) apoptosis by inhibiting NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathway. EriB is a potent apoptosis inducer for t(8;21) leukemia cells and a potential therapeutic medicament. The present invention discloses an application of EriB in the manufacture of medicaments having the advantages of: (1) The present invention has explored a new medical application of EriB, which has opened up a new application field. (2) The present invention shows that EriB is safe and non-toxic, has strong pharmacological effects, and indicates a very good prospect for medicinal application. (3) EriB can improve the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), affect IκBα phosphorylation and degradation, and prevent the NF-κB into the nucleus, thereby inhibiting NF-κB signaling pathway. EriB can also downregulate the phosphorylation level of ERK1 / 2, and inhibit MAPKA signaling pathway. (4) EriB can prolong the survival time or reduce tumor size of C57 mice bearing leukemia or in nude mice harboring Kasumi-1 cells, respectively.
- The foregoing aspects and many of the attendant advantages of this invention will become more readily appreciated as the same becomes better understood by reference to the following detailed description, when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein:
-
FIG.1A shows the chemical structure of EriB; -
FIG.1B shows the IC50 of EriB for some cancer cell lines. For Kasumi-1, NB4, NB4/R1 and NB4/R2 cells, IC50 is less than 1µM; -
FIG.1C shows the results of cell growth inhibition and cell survival with various concentrations of EriB in treating Kasumi-1 cells for 24 and 48 hours. The columns in the figure are representatives of mean ± standard deviation of three independent experiments, Kasumi-1 cells treated with 0.25µM EriB are observed with significant cell inhibitory effect and decline in cell survival rate; -
FIG.1D shows that Kasumi-1 cells treated with 0.5 or 1µM EriB, the cell shape of NB4 and NB4/R2 cells after 48 hours, which shows a typical apoptosis; -
FIG.1E shows Kasumi-1 cells treated with EriB, the Annexin V analysis results of NB4 and NB4/R2 after 24 and 48 hours, EriB increased Annexin-V+/PI- (bottom right) and annexin-V+/PI+ (top right) cell percentage; -
FIG. 2A shows Kasumi-1 cell nuclear DNA content distribution after treated with 0.25µM EriB, showing after EriB treatment of Kasumi-1 cells in the sub-G1 phase cells significantly increased; -
FIG. 2B shows ultrastructure of Kasumi-1 cell, and compared to untreated control cells (at the top, 7400 ×), Kasumi-1 cells treated with EriB (below, 7400 ×) showed that mitochondrial damage and the increase in the number of lysosomal (position indicated by arrow) ; -
FIG. 2C shows mitochondrial transmembrane potential decline in Kasumi-1 cells treated with EriB for 24 and 48 hours, at bottom of the plot figure represented by Rh123 (Rhodamine) and weak signals of cell proportion; -
FIG. 2D shows Caspase-3, active (Δ) caspase-3 and PARP in the western blot analysis, wherein β-actin is used as reference, in Kasumi-1 cells treated with EriB, in NB4 and NB4/R2 cells, caspase-3 is activated, PARP was degraded; -
FIG. 3A shows western blot detection of Bcl-2, Bcl-XL and Bax protein expression levels, In Kasumi-1 cells treated with 0.25 and 0.5µM EriB after 24 and 48 hours later, Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL protein levels were downregulated, while Bax was not changed; -
FIG. 3B shows using RT-PCR detection of Bcl-2, Bcl-XL and Bax mRNA levels, Kasumi-1 cells treated with 0.25 and 0.5µM EriB after 24 and 48 hours, Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL in the mRNA levels were reduced and Bax did not change; -
FIG. 3C shows EriB can reduce Bcl-2/Bax ratio, the bands intensity are quantitatively measured by using densimeter; -
FIG. 3D shows EriB can reduce Bcl-XL/Bax ratio, the bands intensity are quantitatively determined by using densimeter; -
FIG. 4A shows Luciferase report assay in that EriB downregulate NF-κB -dependent transcription. NF-κB-mediated luciferase report plasmid and β-gal plasmid report instantaneous transfer Kasumi-1 cells. And by 0.25 in 0.5µM EriB treatment for one hour, then add TNF-α incubated for four hours. Columns in the figure are representatives of mean ± standard deviation of three independent experiments (above), and Western blot detection of NF-κB (P65) (below); -
FIG. 4B shows EriB inhibit NF-κB DNA-binding capacity. Kasumi-1 cells treatment method: NF-κB-mediated luciferase report plasmid and β-gal plasmid instantaneous transfer Kasumi-1 cells (left), with 0.2mM DTT, 0.25 and 0.5µM EriB and EriB combined with 0.2mM DTT are treated separately for four hours (right). Nucleoprotein extracts were prepared, EMSA experiment was performed to test NF-κB DNA-binding ability; -
FIG. 4C shows the immunofluorescence analysis of P65 in Kasumi-1 cells treated with EriB. In untreated Kasumi-1 cells, NF-κB (P65) mainly located in the cytoplasm; treatment with 100ng/ml TNF-α for four hours, NF-κB (P65) was translocated in the nucleus. Pretreatment with EriB for one hour can inhibit TNF-α induced NF-κB (P65) translocation; -
FIG. 4D shows that at the presence of TNF-α, EriB can induce IκBα phosphorylation and degradation. P65 protein in nucleus and cytoplasmic were detected by Western blot. Lamin B was used as the control for nuclear protein. -
FIG. 4E shows that DTT can inhibit EriB-induced apoptosis and generation of ROS in Kasumi-1 cells. Cells are incubated with 0.2mM DTT and 0.5µM EriB for 12 hours. Mitochondrial transmembrane potential is detected by flow cytometry. Upper panel: DTT decreases Rh123 low staining cells. Cells are treated with 0.2mM DTT and 0.5µM EriB for two hours. Lower panel: DTT reduces increased fluorescent cells. Columns in figure are representatives of mean ± standard deviation of three independent experiments; -
FIG. 4F shows EriB-induced IκBα degradation. Kasumi-1 cells are treated with 0.25 and 0.5µM EriB for 24 and 48 hours. Extracted nucleoprotein is used for western blot detection for P65. An anti-carboxyl-terminal (C-IκBα) and an anti-amino-terminal antibody (N-IκBα) for I B are used. IκBα and ΔIκBα bands positions are indicated by arrows; -
FIG. 5A shows EriB induced AML1-ETO degradation in Kasumi-1 cells. Cells are treated with 0.25 and 0.5µM EriB for 24 and 48 hours. Whole-cell lysate are detected with an anti-ETO antibody; -
FIG. 5B shows Western blot analysis of caspase-3, caspase-3 catabolic fragments (Δcaspase-3), PARP and AML1-ETO. After co-incubation with 40µM Z-DEVD-fmk (caspase-3 inhibitors) for 1 hour, Kasumi-1 cells are treated with 0.5µM EriB for 48 hours. Z-DEVD-fmk can completely inhibit caspase-3 activation, PARP cleavage and AML-ETO degradation; -
FIG. 5C shows that Z-DEVD-fmk only partially reduces EriB-induced apoptosis. Kasumi-1 cells are pre-treated with 40µM Z-DEVD-fmk (caspase-3 inhibitors) for 1 hour, followed by co-incubation with 0.5µM EriB for 48 hours. Columns in the figure are representatives of mean ± standard deviation of three independent experiments; -
FIG. 6A shows that EriB inhibits ERK phosphorylation. Kasumi-1 cells are treated with EriB, and Western blot is performed to test the expression of phosphorylated p42/44 ERK protein. -
FIG. 6B shows that EriB upregulates c-Jun and c-Fos expression. -
FIG. 6C shows EriB induced AP-1-dependent transcription activity. Kasumi-1 cells are transfected with AP-1 luciferase report plasmid and β-gal plasmid, followed by treatment with 0.5µM EriB for four hours. Columns in the figure are representatives of mean ± standard deviation of three independent experiments; -
FIG. 7A shows that EriB inhibits growth of primary leukemia cells from t(8;21) AML patients. Trypan blue exclusion assay is conducted -
FIG. 7B shows that EriB induced apoptosis of primary leukemia cells from t(8;21) AML patients. Morphological examination is performed; -
FIG. 7C shows that EriB downregulates Bcl-XL and Bcl-2 expression in primary leukemia cells from t(8;21) AML patients; -
FIG. 8A shows that EriB prolongs the survival time of C57 murine model of t(8;21) leukemia. C57 mice were injected with MigA/Etr cells expressing C-terminal truncated AML1-ETO. Treatments began five days after cell transplantation, continued for two weeks, including solvent control (n = 12), 1.25mg /kg EriB (n = 12) and 2.5 mg / kg EriB (n = 12). Compared with normal C57 mice, mice spleen (100 and 400 times) and bone marrow (400 and 1,000 times) injecting MigA/Etr cells showing leukemia cell infiltration. Compared with the control group (red line: control), EriB can significantly reduce the size of the spleen (20 days), and improve overall total survival time (green Line: 1.25mg/kg EriB, P <0.001; blue Line: 2.5mg/kg EriB, P <0.001 and -
FIG. 8B shows that in mice model of tumor xenograft, EriB can reduce tumor size. Subcutaneously inject Kasumi-1 cells to nude mice. Treatment began after 10 days, continued for 10 days, including solvent control (n = 10) and 2.5mg/kg EriB (n = 10). The figure shows the tumors of control mice and EriB treated mice. EriB transplant can significantly reduce the size of xenografted tumors (P <0.05). Every point in the figure represents 10 tumor sizes averaged value ± standard error. - The present invention is described below with the implementation of the preferred embodiments.
- Embodiment 1: EriB can inhibit the growth of human leukemia cells and induce apoptosis. Using MTT method to detect the impact of EriB on human malignant hematopoietic cell growth shows that EriB inhibits the growth of these cells at between 0.2 - 2µM, and different concentrations of EriB can also inhibit cell growth. EriB to Kasumi-1 cell growth inhibited half of the growth with inhibitor amount of 0.2µM, to the NB4 and NB4/R2 cells for amount of 0.5µM, and to the NB4R1, HL60 and U937 cells for the amount of 1µM. Lymphocyte proliferation of malignant diseases which are sensitive to EriB are lower than the myeloid leukemia cells, Raji, Daudi, and Jurkat cells and the IC50 values are higher than the 1.5µM (see
FIG. 1 B) . - As shown in
FIG.1C , Kasumi-1 cells are most sensitive to EriB, EriB to cell growth inhibition has time and dose dependencies (seeFIG. 1C right), the survival rate also correspondingly decline (seeFIG. 1C right). In less than 0.25µM concentrations, can also observe the inhibitory effect. Kasumi-1 cells treated with 0.25µM and 0.75µM EriB after 48 hours, a total of 42.7 ± 6.5% and 90.5 ± 4.3% cell death (seeFIG. 1C right). - In order to detect whether EriB through induction of apoptosis leads to cell growth inhibition, detections of Kasumi-1 cells form and annexin V-FITC/PI (propidium iodide) were performed. The Kasumi-1 cells treated with 0.5µM EriB showed the characteristics of apoptosis morphological changes, for example: shrinkage of the cytoplasm, condensed chromatin, and nuclear fragmentation with intact cell membrane, the NB4 and NB4/R2 cells treated with 1µM EriB also showed similar features (see
FIG. 1D ). Kasumi-1 cells treated with 0.5µM EriB after 48 hours, annexin V-positive cells proportion increased to 88.6%, this ratio is higher than the NB4 and NB4/R2 cells treated with 1µM EriB for 48 hours (seeFIG. 1E ). Kasumi-1 cells treated with 0.25µM EriB for 6, 12, 24, and 48 hours, in the cell cycle analysis showed higher proportion of sub-G1 indicating EriB-induced apoptosis, but no changes in the cell cycle (seefig. 2A ). - Kasumi-1 cells treated with 0.1 and 0.25µM EriB for seven days have not changed their myeloid cells and monocytes differentiation associated antigen expression, such as: CD11b, CD13, CD14, CD33, CD34 and CD64; and did not induce differentiation.
- Embodiment 2: Mitochondrial damage by EriB in induced apoptosis concentration, activated caspase-3. In order to study the Kasumi-1 cells in early ultrastructural changes of apoptosis and to find the mechanism involved in apoptosis, we had a transmission microscope analysis. The normal tumor cells nucleus are irregularly shape, containing a lot of rough endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria (see
FIG. 2B ), Kasumi-1 cells treated with EriB for six hours later showed expansion of the cell, the increase in lysosome number, swelling and debilitated mitochondria (seeFIG. 2B ), which prompted the early cell apoptosis and mitochondrial damage (seeFIG. 2B ). - The Kasumi-1 cells treated with EriB and Rh123 (Rhodamine) after incubation are used for the flow cytometry detection, the results showed that mitochondrial transmembrane potentials decreased significantly, and have time and dose dependencies (see
FIG. 2C ). NB4 and NB4/R2 cells in Kasumi-1 cells, caspase-3 cleaving also occurred simultaneously with the mitochondrial transmembrane potential changes (seeFIG. 2D ). PARP is a ribozyme involved in DNA repair, when DNA received injuries, it will be cleaved specifically into 85-kDa fragments (ΔPARP), in EriB treatment process, PARP was also degraded (SeeFIG. 2D ). These results suggest that EriB through dependency on the activation of caspase intrinsic mitochondrial pathways to induce apoptosis. - Embodiment 3: EriB through downregulation of Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL to act on intrinsic apoptosis pathways. Bcl-2 family proteins directly control the mitochondrial membrane permeability, and they are caspase activation central regulators. The family of anti-apoptotic and pro-apoptotic members decided the fate of the cells whether to live or die. In order to detect whether EriB through the role of EriB in the Bcl-2 family members to act on mitochondrial damage, we used western blot and RT-PCR methods to detect the treatment of EriB for 24 and 48 hours later, Kasumi-1 cells situations in the anti-apoptotic factor Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL, and pro-apoptotic factor Bax expression. Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL in protein and mRNA levels have decreased, but the expressions of Bax have not changed significantly (see
FIG. 3A andFIG. 3B ). Ultimately, EriB induced Bcl-XL/Bax Bcl-2/Bax ratio and the negative regulated (seeFIG. 3C andFIG. 3D ), and the results were consistent with Kasumi-1 apoptosis process of mitochondrial stability damage. - Embodiment 4: EriB inhibited intrinsic and TNF-α-induced NF-κB activation of Kasumi-1 cells. EriB can reduce Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL at the mRNA level, and they are directly affecting by the transcription of NF-κB control. In order to study whether EriB can block intrinsic-mediated and TNF-α-mediated NF-κB activation, we proceeded with luciferase report assay. In Kasumi-1 cells, the NF-κB showed that the basis of the transcription activity, which prompted that NF-κB is constitutively activated, joining with the TNF-
α 4 hours later, the luciferase activity approximately increased four times (seeFIG. 4A ). Pre-treatment of cells with EriB for one hour, base luciferase activity and TNF-α-induced NF-κB activities have been blocked (seeFIG. 4A ). However, EriB and TNF-α individually or jointly have not affected the P65 protein levels (seeFIG. 4A ). EMSA experiments showed Kasumi-1 cells after treated with the TNF-α displayed significantly increased activity of NF-κB (seeFIG. 4B ), where as EriB added one hour before treatment with EriB can block NF-κB activation (seeFIG. 4B ). However, the inhibitory effect of formation of disulfide compounds DTT can reduce the EriB in the inhibitory effect (seeFIG. 4B ). This suggested that the inhibitory effect of EriB is redox sensitive. We also analyzed the Kasumi-1 cells specific in the NF-κB complex, slower migration protein - DNA complex corresponding to P65-P50 dimers. These results suggest that NF-κB in Kasumi-1 cells is constitutively activated, in the EMSA experiment, EriB can inhibit intrinsic-induced and TNF-α-induced NF-κB activities. - Embodiment 5: EriB prevented NF-κB nuclear translocation and IκBα degradation in Kasumi-1 cells. In order to further understand EriB-mediated NF-κB deactivation mechanism, we prepared immunofluorescence detection and western blot analysis. Despite that the Kasumi-1 cells' EriB had no apparent impact on nuclear translocation of P65, it can significantly prevent TNF-α-induced P65 from rapidly translocate into nucleus (see
FIG. 4C ). Wherein Kasumi-1 cells treated with EriB, the nuclear NF-κB is reduced, and increased in the cytoplasm (seeFIG. 4D ). In order to detect EriB effect to nucleus NF-κB, we prepared Kasumi-1 cell nuclear protein extract. After treated with EriB for 24 and 48 hours, Kasumi-1 cells nuclear protein is reduced (seeFIG. 4F ). - IκBα regulates NF-κB activities by isolating NF-κB in the cytoplasm. IκBα, after the ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation, will lead to NF-κB nuclear translocation. In the present invention studies, TNF-α induced IκBα phosphorylation in four hours, but the protein phosphorylation in pretreatment of EriB was inhibited (see
FIG. 4D ). In order to detect the role of IκBα in the process of reducing the nucleus level of NF-κB, we used Western blot analysis on overall protein of Kasumi-1 cells treated with EriB. We used anti-IκBα -carboxyl -terminal antibody and detected two protein forms, 37kDa and 34kDa; but with anti-IκBα-amino-terminal antibody, we can not detect protein forms 34kDa (seeFIG. 4F ). These results suggest that EriB induce IκBα to be cleaved into protein forms the size of 34kDa (ΔIκBα). ΔIκBα lacks of ubiquitination sites, through the NF-κB stability isolated in the cytosol to produce the effect of super-inhibitor. - In summary, EriB can inhibit the intrinsic NF-κB activity by directly inhibit NF-κB and DNA binding ability, and mainly through the inhibiting IκBα phosphorylation and degradation to block TNF-α-induced NF-κB activity.
- Embodiment 6: DTT inhibited EriB induced Kasumi-1 apoptosis and increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Some researches show that EriB through interaction with activated SH-group to have toxic effects. In order to prove whether this mechanism is involved in the EriB induced apoptosis, we used 0.5µM EriB and 0.2mM DTT to continuously treat Kasumi-1 cells. Cells independently treated with DTT to Rh123 cells proportion have no impact (see
FIG. 4E ). However, 0.2mM DTT can completely inhibit EriB-induced apoptosis (seeFIG. 4E ). In order to study whether ROS is related to EriB-induced apoptosis, we used a cell permeability dye H2DCFDA to proceed with flow cytometry analysis. In the presence of ROS, H2DCFDA be specifically cleaved and emit a certain wavelength of fluorescence. Kasumi-1 cells independently treated with 0.5µM EriB for 2 hours, the cell level of ROS compared with untreated cells increased about two times, but when the 0.2mM DTT and EriB jointly incubated, ROS level has not changed (seeFIG. 4E ). - Embodiment 7: EriB induced degradation of AML-ETO fusion protein. This change can antagonize caspase-3 inhibitors. AML-ETO fusion protein is generated by the chromosome translocation of t(8;21), AML-ETO is considered an important therapeutic target into the treatment of AML comprising fusion protein. We used anti-ETO antibody testing found that Kasumi-1 cells after treated with EriB for 24 and 48 hours AML1-ETO degradation (see
FIG. 5A ), which indicated EriB directly to fusion protein. AML1-ETO degradation and caspase-3 activation occurred in the same time, therefore we studied further the process of EriB in the induction of apoptosis, caspase-3 activation and AML1-ETO degradation relationship. In the process of Kasumi-1 cells treated with EriB, pre-treatment with the caspase-3 inhibitor Z-DEVD-fmk (40µM). Z-DEVD-fmk can completely block EriB induced caspase-3 activity, PARP degradation and AML-ETO degradation (seeFIG. 5B ). However, in the Kasumi-1 cells treated with 0.5µM EriB, pre-treatment of Z-DEVD-fmk and incubated for one hour, the rate of apoptosis (annexin V positive cell proportion) only partially reduced (seeFIG. 5C ). These results suggest that EriB induced AML1-ETO-degradation is accompanied by caspase-3 incident. However, in EriB induced apoptosis, in addition to activation of caspase-3, there is still a non-dependent caspase-3 mechanism. - Embodiment 8: EriB inhibit ERK pathway and initiate AP-1 pathway in Kasumi-1 cells. The Ras / Raf / MEK / ERK pathway is an important signaling cascade response involved in controlling the proliferation of blood cells, the destruction of this pathway will predominate pro-apoptotic signals in AML. In order to detect ERK activation in response to EriB, we used anti-ERK1 / 2 phosphorylation forms (p-ERK1 / 2) antibody to proceed with western blot analysis. In Kasumi-1 cells, EriB treated for 12 and 24 hours later, ERK1 / 2 phosphorylation level rapidly decreased (see
FIG. 6A ). In fact, Kasumi-1 cells treated with EriB for 30 minutes, p-ERK1 / 2 has already begun to reduce (seeFIG. 6A ). - Early in vitro experiments show that increased AP-1 activation can lead to specific human tumor cell apoptosis. Mammals AP-1 protein complexes are divided into main groups of c-Jun and c-Fos. In Kasumi-1 cells, EriB can quickly induced c-Jun, c-Fos and phosphorylation of c-Jun expression (see
FIG. 6B ). C-Jun phosphorylation forms increased means c-Jun activation indicated that the transcription factor-induced apoptosis in EriB play a potential role. In order to further assess EriB effect on AP-1 activity, we proceeded with luciferase report assay. In Kasumi-1 cells instantaneous transfer of pAP-1-Luc plasmid report, adding EriB for 4 hours after, the luciferase activity increased about three times (seeFIG. 6C ), which prompted EriB in Kasumi-1 cells by inducing c-Jun, c-Fos and c-Jun phosphorylation forms of expression to enhance the transcription factor of AP-1 activity. - Embodiment 9: EriB induced apoptosis of leukemia from patients with t(8;21). Treatment with 0.1 and 0.25µM EriB in primary leukemia cells from patients with t(8;21), can significantly inhibit cell growth in all five cases of patients reached more than 60% of the cell inhibition (see
FIG. 7A ). Treatment with 0.1µM EriB for 24 hours, we observed that the typical characteristics of apoptosis with morphological changes (seeFIG. 7B ). EriB in treatment after 12 and 24 hours, can also lower Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL level (seeFIG. 7C ). These results suggest that the primary leukemia cells are very sensitive to EriB. - Embodiment 10: EriB efficacy in the treatment of murine models. C57 mice were irradiated by lethal dose (LD)50 and injected via tail vein intravenously with 3×106 MigA/Etr cells expressing of C-terminal truncated AML1-ETO (day 0). Beginning on
day 5, intraperitoneal injection of EriB (1.25 or 5mg/kg) for two weeks. The overall survival rate was measured and calculated started fromday 0 to the date of death. All the mice eventually develop symptoms of anemia and difficulty breathing, and also the occurrence of a large number of primitive blood cells in the peripheral blood. Histological and morphological analyses show that compared to the normal C57 mice, the incidence mice hematopoietic organs (spleen and bone marrow) structures are destroyed and a large number of immature parental cells are invaded (seeFIG. 8A ). The mice treated with EriB had spleen size obviously smaller than untreated mice (seeFIG. 8A ). Moreover, in the animal models, EriB can significantly delay disease onset, increase survival time in mice, and extend the median survival time from 25 days (control group) to 28 days (EriB 1.25 mg/kg, P<0.001) or 32 days (EriB 2.5 mg/kg, P<0.001) (seeFIG. 8A ). - Another xenograft tumor model was established through subcutaneous injection in nude mice of 3×107 Kasumi-1 cells (day 0). The incubation period of tumor formation at the site of injection was about 8-12 days. Beginning from
day 10, the mice were treated with EriB (2.5 mg/kg) by intraperitoneal injection only until day 19. Compared with the control group, EriB can significantly reduce tumor size (P <0.05) (seeFIG. 8B ). - It is to be understood, however, that even though numerous characteristics and advantages of the present invention have been set forth in the foregoing description, together with details of the method and function of the invention, the disclosure is illustrative only, various modifications and changes may be made by persons skilled in this art, especially in arrangement of parts within the principles of the invention to the full extent indicated by the broad general meaning of the terms in which the appended claims are expressed. It is intended that the present invention should not be limited to the particular forms, and that all modifications and changes which maintain the spirit and realm of the present invention are within the scope as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (6)
- An application of eriocalyxin B in manufacturing medicaments for treating leukemia.
- The application according to claim 1, wherein eriocalyxin B is used in manufacturing medicaments for treating leukemia with AML1-ETO fusion gene.
- The application according to claim 1, wherein eriocalyxin B is used in manufacturing medicaments for treating acute promyelocytic leukemia.
- The application according to claim 1, wherein eriocalyxin B is used in manufacturing medicaments for treating acute myelogenous leukemia.
- The application according to claim 1, wherein eriocalyxin B is used in manufacturing medicaments for treating lymphocytic leukemia.
- An application of eriocalyxin B in manufacturing medicaments for treating other malignant tumors.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CNB2005101100898A CN100370981C (en) | 2005-11-07 | 2005-11-07 | Application of Maoeryisu for pharmacy |
PCT/CN2006/002623 WO2007051390A1 (en) | 2005-11-07 | 2006-10-08 | The use of eriocalyxin b in the manufacture of medicaments for treating leukemia |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1952811A1 true EP1952811A1 (en) | 2008-08-06 |
EP1952811A4 EP1952811A4 (en) | 2010-09-22 |
Family
ID=37442335
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP06791205A Withdrawn EP1952811A4 (en) | 2005-11-07 | 2006-10-08 | The use of eriocalyxin b in the manufacture of medicaments for treating leukemia |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20080300299A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1952811A4 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2009514903A (en) |
CN (1) | CN100370981C (en) |
WO (1) | WO2007051390A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP3007686A4 (en) * | 2013-06-10 | 2017-03-15 | Yeda Research and Development Co., Ltd. | Compositions and methods for treating a hematological malignancy associated with an altered runx1 activity or expression |
Families Citing this family (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN101318965B (en) * | 2008-07-18 | 2010-11-24 | 中国科学院昆明植物研究所 | Hairy sepal ponicidin crystallization, preparation method and medicament composition containing the same |
DK2473161T3 (en) * | 2009-08-31 | 2017-09-11 | Dr Reddys Laboratories Ltd | TOPICAL FORMULATIONS INCLUDING A STEROID |
CN102372724A (en) * | 2010-08-26 | 2012-03-14 | 苏州宝泽堂医药科技有限公司 | Method for extracting eriocalyxin B |
CN102247350B (en) * | 2011-05-23 | 2013-03-13 | 上海交通大学医学院附属瑞金医院 | Application of eriocalyxin in preparation of medicaments for treating autoimmune diseases |
CN110063949A (en) * | 2019-05-14 | 2019-07-30 | 大连理工大学 | Common rabdosia leaf B prime is preparing the purposes in the drug for treating lung cancer |
CN111363015B (en) * | 2020-03-17 | 2022-03-01 | 江西省人民医院 | Reagent for separating and extracting plasma protein and nucleoprotein in cells, preparation method and application |
Family Cites Families (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN1424028A (en) * | 2002-11-21 | 2003-06-18 | 中国科学院昆明植物研究所 | Medicine for treating cancers and use thereof |
CN1486712A (en) * | 2003-08-09 | 2004-04-07 | 北海国发海洋生物产业股份有限公司 | Extractive of Chinese medicinal material rabdosia as antitumor medicine and its prepn process |
CN1329083C (en) * | 2004-03-11 | 2007-08-01 | 上海第二医科大学附属瑞金医院 | Method for degrading AML 1-ETO fusion protein and used reagent |
CN100479815C (en) * | 2004-03-11 | 2009-04-22 | 上海第二医科大学附属瑞金医院 | Medicine for treating M2 type acute myelogenous leukemia and preparation method of injection thereof |
-
2005
- 2005-11-07 CN CNB2005101100898A patent/CN100370981C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2006
- 2006-10-08 US US12/092,914 patent/US20080300299A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2006-10-08 JP JP2008539213A patent/JP2009514903A/en active Pending
- 2006-10-08 EP EP06791205A patent/EP1952811A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2006-10-08 WO PCT/CN2006/002623 patent/WO2007051390A1/en active Application Filing
Non-Patent Citations (3)
Title |
---|
LEUNG CHUNG-HANG ET AL: "Eriocalyxin B selectively inhibits NF-kappa B activity by targeting multiple steps of the NF-kappa B activation pathway." PROCEEDINGS OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR CANCER RESEARCH ANNUAL MEETING, vol. 47, April 2006 (2006-04), page 325, XP8125730 & 97TH ANNUAL MEETING OF THE AMERICAN-ASSOCIATION-FOR-CANCER-RESEARCH (AACR); WASHINGTON, DC, USA; APRIL 01 -05, 2006 ISSN: 0197-016X * |
NIU XUE-MEI ET AL: "Cytotoxic ent-kaurane diterpenoids from Isodon eriocalyx var. laxiflora" PLANTA MEDICA, vol. 68, no. 6, June 2002 (2002-06), pages 528-533, XP8125725 ISSN: 0032-0943 * |
See also references of WO2007051390A1 * |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP3007686A4 (en) * | 2013-06-10 | 2017-03-15 | Yeda Research and Development Co., Ltd. | Compositions and methods for treating a hematological malignancy associated with an altered runx1 activity or expression |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN100370981C (en) | 2008-02-27 |
WO2007051390A1 (en) | 2007-05-10 |
JP2009514903A (en) | 2009-04-09 |
US20080300299A1 (en) | 2008-12-04 |
CN1868468A (en) | 2006-11-29 |
EP1952811A4 (en) | 2010-09-22 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
Yang et al. | Growth inhibition and induction of apoptosis in MCF-7 breast cancer cells by Antrodia camphorata | |
Yang et al. | Autophagy is associated with apoptosis in cisplatin injury to renal tubular epithelial cells | |
Wang et al. | Eriocalyxin B induces apoptosis of t (8; 21) leukemia cells through NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways and triggers degradation of AML1-ETO oncoprotein in a caspase-3-dependent manner | |
EP1952811A1 (en) | The use of eriocalyxin b in the manufacture of medicaments for treating leukemia | |
Lin et al. | Protective effect of tanshinone IIA on human umbilical vein endothelial cell injured by hydrogen peroxide and its mechanism | |
Kang et al. | Inhibition of EGFR signaling augments oridonin-induced apoptosis in human laryngeal cancer cells via enhancing oxidative stress coincident with activation of both the intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways | |
Mercer et al. | Evidence for the involvement of carbon-centered radicals in the induction of apoptotic cell death by artemisinin compounds | |
Kumar et al. | Parthenium hysterophorus: A Probable Source of Anticancer, Antioxidant and Anti‐HIV Agents | |
Mao et al. | Protective effects of costunolide against D-galactosamine and lipopolysaccharide-induced acute liver injury in mice | |
Aneja et al. | Drug-resistant T-lymphoid tumors undergo apoptosis selectively in response to an antimicrotubule agent, EM011 | |
Pan et al. | Esculetin induces apoptosis in human gastric cancer cells through a cyclophilin D-mediated mitochondrial permeability transition pore associated with ROS | |
Li et al. | Morin hydrate inhibits TREM-1/TLR4-mediated inflammatory response in macrophages and protects against carbon tetrachloride-induced acute liver injury in mice | |
Yan et al. | Lup-20 (29)-en-3β, 28-di-yl-nitrooxy acetate affects MCF-7 proliferation through the crosstalk between apoptosis and autophagy in mitochondria | |
D’Abrosca et al. | Urtica dioica L. inhibits proliferation and enhances cisplatin cytotoxicity in NSCLC cells via Endoplasmic Reticulum-stress mediated apoptosis | |
El-Garawani et al. | Candelariella vitellina extract triggers in vitro and in vivo cell death through induction of apoptosis: A novel anticancer agent | |
Zhang et al. | Neuroprotective effects of quercetin on ischemic stroke: A literature review | |
Wang et al. | Cuphiin D1, the macrocyclic hydrolyzable tannin induced apoptosis in HL-60 cell line | |
Zhang et al. | Inhibition of fucoidan on breast cancer cells and potential enhancement of their sensitivity to chemotherapy by regulating autophagy | |
Lee et al. | Mechanism of sappanchalcone-induced growth inhibition and apoptosis in human oral cancer cells | |
Zhao et al. | Selenocystine inhibits JEG-3 cell growth in vitro and in vivo by triggering oxidative damage-mediated S-phase arrest and apoptosis | |
Alghorabi et al. | Doxorubicin: insights into dynamics, clinical uses and adverse effects | |
Zhang et al. | Genistein from fructus sophorae protects mice from radiation-induced intestinal injury | |
Dilshara et al. | New compound, 5-O-isoferuloyl-2-deoxy-D-ribono-γ-lacton from Clematis mandshurica: Anti-inflammatory effects in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated BV2 microglial cells | |
Xi et al. | Naringin against doxorubicin‐induced hepatotoxicity in mice through reducing oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis via the up‐regulation of SIRT1 | |
De Cicco et al. | Chamomile essential oils exert anti-inflammatory effects involving human and murine macrophages: Evidence to support a therapeutic action |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 20080602 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC NL PL PT RO SE SI SK TR |
|
A4 | Supplementary search report drawn up and despatched |
Effective date: 20100825 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: THE APPLICATION IS DEEMED TO BE WITHDRAWN |
|
18D | Application deemed to be withdrawn |
Effective date: 20101124 |