EP1948999A2 - Gas-heating apparatus with pre-mix burner, particularly boiler for domestic use - Google Patents
Gas-heating apparatus with pre-mix burner, particularly boiler for domestic useInfo
- Publication number
- EP1948999A2 EP1948999A2 EP06820952A EP06820952A EP1948999A2 EP 1948999 A2 EP1948999 A2 EP 1948999A2 EP 06820952 A EP06820952 A EP 06820952A EP 06820952 A EP06820952 A EP 06820952A EP 1948999 A2 EP1948999 A2 EP 1948999A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- air
- pressure
- suction mouth
- burner
- gas
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- UHZZMRAGKVHANO-UHFFFAOYSA-M chlormequat chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].C[N+](C)(C)CCCl UHZZMRAGKVHANO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000003517 fume Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims 8
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000002547 anomalous effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000750 progressive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009877 rendering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
- F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
- F23N5/24—Preventing development of abnormal or undesired conditions, i.e. safety arrangements
- F23N5/247—Preventing development of abnormal or undesired conditions, i.e. safety arrangements using mechanical means
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
- F23N2225/00—Measuring
- F23N2225/04—Measuring pressure
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
- F23N2231/00—Fail safe
- F23N2231/26—Fail safe for clogging air inlet
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
- F23N2233/00—Ventilators
- F23N2233/06—Ventilators at the air intake
- F23N2233/08—Ventilators at the air intake with variable speed
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
- F23N2235/00—Valves, nozzles or pumps
- F23N2235/12—Fuel valves
- F23N2235/20—Membrane valves
Definitions
- the present invention relates to gas-heating apparatuses and has been developed with particular reference to boilers for domestic use equipped with a pre-mix burner.
- Gas boilers for domestic use of a more traditional type use atmospheric burners, i.e., burners in which the flame is supplied by combustible gas and primary air, mixed in the burner, and by secondary air that is present around the flame. If on the one hand said boilers guarantee good conditions of combustion in an extremely wide range of situations, on the other hand they present the drawback of having a low power density and, above all, of causing a high emission in the environment of pollutant residue of combustion, in particular NO x .
- Pre-mix burners are of more complex construction as compared to atmospheric burners and presuppose, for their proper operation, an air-gas ratio and a corresponding mixing that are always optimal.
- pre-mix burners enable a higher power density to be obtained as compared to atmospheric burners and, above all, a less pollutant combustion, with an extremely low production of NO x .
- the air-gas mixing system of a pre-mix burner typically comprises a valve, for control of gas intake, and a fan, having the function of sucking in the combustion air and generating at the same time a differential pressure that constitutes a control signal for the aforesaid valve in order to dose the gas in the right amount.
- the mixing system is conceived in such a way that the amount of gas supplied via the aforesaid valve is proportional to the flow rate of combustion air sucked in by the fan.
- the air-gas mixture is formed directly in the fan, whilst in other cases the air-gas mixture is formed in a mixing chamber set downstream of the fan.
- a pre-mix system should be conceived for generating at input to the fan a high reduction in pressure (or high negative pressure) in relation to the flow rate of air, present low head losses, and have a good stability of the pressure signal created.
- Known boilers with pre-mix burners respond in a more or less satisfactory way to the first three characteristics referred to, but present the drawback of being practically insensitive to a possible obstruction of the fume exhaust from the boiler or else of the inlet for the combustion air in the boiler.
- an obstruction of the fume exhaust can be detected only with some delay, following upon progressive decay in time of the performance of the boiler.
- a partial obstruction of the exhaust causes a certain stagnation of .the combustion fumes in the chamber in which the pre-mix burner is located, thus bringing about a reduction in the thermal power of the boiler.
- the control system of the boiler must issue a command for a marked increase in the speed of the fan, in an attempt to increase the heat load i.e., the flow of air, and hence of gas, to the burner).
- the boiler continues to operate apparently in a correct way, but in actual fact with a running speed of the fan higher than what it should be.
- the situation evidently worsens with the passage of time, as the degree of obstruction of the exhaust increases on account of the combustion deposits, up to the point in which, not even with the fan running at the maximum speed is the supply of air-gas mixture obtained sufficient to maintain the burner active.
- a purpose of the present invention is to solve the aforesaid drawback, and in particular to provide a heating apparatus of the type referred to above capable of discriminating effectively whether a variation of flow rate of the combustion air is due to a desired variation of the heat load or a desired variation in the speed of the fan) or else to an obstruction present in the fume exhaust or in the air-supply path.
- Another purpose of the present invention is to provide a heating apparatus of the type referred to above in which, in the case of an obstruction in the fume exhaust or in the air-supply path, the aforesaid control valve interrupts in a relatively fast way the inflow of gas into the mixing system.
- a further purpose of the present invention is to provide a system and a method for detection of an obstruction in the fume exhaust or in the path for supply of the combustion air of a heating apparatus of the type referred to above that allows for the aforesaid purposes to be achieved.
- Another purpose of the present invention is to provide a pre-mix system for a pre-mix burner designed to detect autonomously a possible obstruction in the fume exhaust or in the path for supply of the combustion air of a heating apparatus of the type referred to above.
- a further purpose of the present invention is to provide a device for delivery of gas to the suction mouth. of a centrifugal fan that allows for the aforesaid purposes to be achieved.
- Yet a further purpose of the present invention is to provide a heating apparatus of the type referred to above that is efficient in operation, has compact dimensions, and is simple and economically advantageous to produce from the industrial standpoint.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective, partial, and schematic view of a heating apparatus according to the invention
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the apparatus of Figure 1;
- FIG. 3 is an exploded view of a fan assembly of a heating apparatus according to the invention;
- FIG. 4 is a perspective view, in partial cross section, of the fan assembly of Figure 3;
- - Figure 5 is a perspective view of the fan assembly of Figures 3 and 4; and - Figure 6 is a perspective view of a centrifugal fan forming part of the fan assembly of Figures 3, 4 and 5.
- the reference number 1 designates as a whole a wall-mounted gas boiler with pre-mix burner, of a domestic type, built according to the teachings of the present invention.
- the boiler 1 comprises a case 2, defining a chamber 3, partially housed in which is at least one heat exchanger 4, of a conception in itself known.
- the heat exchanger 4 is of the type comprising a casing set within which is at least one tube wound to form a spiral.
- a pre-mix burner Positioned in a central area of the spiral formed by the aforesaid tube is a pre-mix burner, of a conception in itself known, designated as a whole by 5 in Figure 2 and visible only partially in Figure 1.
- the aforesaid tube of the heat exchanger 4 is connected to a water- heating system, via intake and delivery pipes, one of which is designated by 6 in Figure 1.
- a pump, designated by 7, causes the water to circulate in the aforesaid system, with modalities in themselves known.
- the boiler comprises a respective control system designated by 8, which is also of a conception that is as a whole known.
- the burner 4 is supplied via a pre-mix system, which comprises a fan assembly 10 and a control valve for controlling supply of combustible gas 20, connected to a network for supply of the gas itself, designated by 21 in Figure 2.
- the assembly 10 comprises a centrifugal fan 11, of a type in itself known, having a casing 12 defining an inlet or suction mouth 13 and an outlet mouth 14.
- an impeller 15 mounted within the casing 12 is an impeller 15, made, for example, of plastic material, with substantially radial blades 15 a.
- the impeller 15 is preferably of the half-closed type, i.e., having blades 15a that rise from a disk-shaped element 15b.
- a fixed disk-shaped element 15c not belonging to the impeller 15, having a central passage that gives out onto the suction mouth 13.
- the impeller 15 is fitted to the shaft 16a of an electric motor 16.
- the assembly 10 further comprises a device for delivery of gas to the suction mouth 13 of the centrifugal fan 11, said device comprising a diaphragm or baffle plate 17 and, preferably, a manifold element 18.
- the diaphragm 17 and the manifold element 18 form part of a system for detecting, during operation of the fan 11 and in a predefined region close to the suction mouth 13, an increase in pressure, or else a flow of air leaving said suction mouth 13.
- the diaphragm 17, made, for example, of plastic or metal material, is as a whole disk-shaped and has a plurality of ports or passages in its central area, which are designed to be set in a position corresponding to the suction mouth 13 of the fan 11.
- 17a are ports for the combustion air
- 17b is a port for the combustible gas, the latter having preferably a section of passage smaller than that of the ports 17a.
- the ports 17a have a substantially circular cross section
- the port 17b has a substantially semicircular cross section and is made in a peripheral position of the set of ports 17a, 17b.
- the body of the manifold 18 made, for example, of plastic material, has a main part having an as a whole annular shape 18a, radially extending from which is a mouth or tubular connector 18b. As may be seen in Figure 4, the connector 18b communicates with an annular cavity or recess 18c defined in the part 18a.
- the part 18a moreover has a projection 18d, which extends towards the inside of its annular body.
- the manifold 18 is designed to be fixed, for example via screws 19, to the casing 12 of the fan 11 with the diaphragm 17 set in between, in such a way that the annular part 18a will surround the suction mouth 13 of the fan or will at least circumscribe the central area of the diaphragm 17 in which the ports 17a are present.
- Set, instead, on top of the port 17b is the projection 18d of the manifold 18 (see Figure 4).
- the port 17b opens out onto a substantially peripheral point of the suction mouth 13 of the fan 11.
- the assembled condition of the fan assembly 10 may be seen in Figures 4 and 5.
- the manifold 18 and the diaphragm 17 define between them a substantially annular chamber, designated by C, which is in communication with the port 17b.
- C substantially annular chamber
- the manifold 18 can be shaped so as to define autonomously the annular chamber C, with a respective passage which is to give out onto the port 17b of the diaphragm 17.
- the connector 18b is designed for connection to the first end of a conduit, represented by the pipe designated by 22 in Figure 1.
- the second end of said conduit or pipe 22 is connected to the control valve 20 for controlling supply of the combustible gas.
- designated by 30 is a pipe, which connects the outlet mouth 14 of the fan 11 to the burner 5, for supplying the latter with an air-gas mixture formed in the fan itself.
- designated by 31 is an outlet for discharge of the heat exchanger 4, forming part of a path for evacuation from the boiler of the combustion fumes produced by the burner 5.
- the chamber 3 of the boiler 1 forms part of a path for supply of combustion air necessary for the formation of the aforesaid air-gas mixture.
- the inlet of the fan assembly 10 - or the set of the ports 17a situated in the area circumscribed by the manifold 18 - opens out directly onto the chamber 3 defined by the outer casing 2 of the boiler, which communicates with the external environment via purposely provided passages or conduits (not represented).
- the inlet region of the fan assembly 10 can be connected to a purposely provided pipe for introducing air directly from outside the boiler.
- the system comprising the fan assembly 10 and the valve 20, connected to one another by means of the pipe 22, is prearranged both for detecting variations in pressure that occur in a region close to the suction mouth 13 of the fan 11 and for causing the combustible gas to reach said region.
- the valve 20 is prearranged, in a way in itself known, for operating on the basis of a differential pressure, and for this purpose is equipped with means for detecting a reference pressure.
- said means are represented by a conduit 23, which enables the valve 20 to detect the aforesaid reference pressure in a point, designated by 24, which is set along the air-supply path, upstream of the fan assembly 10.
- the valve 20 can be of the type having a detection chamber divided into two half-chambers by an elastic membrane, subject to the reaction of a spring and connected to a shutter element set on the path of the gas, upstream of the pipe 22.
- a first half-chamber is connected to the pipe 22, whilst the second half-chamber is connected to the pipe 23.
- the aforesaid membrane bends so as to reduce the volume of the first half-chamber at a lower pressure, thus controlling opening of the shutter element of the valve 20.
- the amount of bending of the membrane is proportional to the differential pressure: the greater the difference in pressure between the two half- chambers, the greater the bending of the membrane and the degree of opening of the shutter element.
- the pressure in the two points 24 and 17b of the circuit for supply of the combustion air is substantially the same: the shutter element of the valve 20 is closed, and the gas is hence not supplied to the conduit 22.
- the fan 11 sucks air into the casing 12 so that, in the region of the suction mouth 13 — onto which the port 17b gives out — there occurs a drop in pressure.
- the amount of gas injected via the port 17b is proportional to the differential pressure, and hence to the speed of rotation of the fan 11 : by varying the speed of the fan 11, the flow rate of combustion air taken in varies, and hence the flow rate of gas varies proportionally, as consequently does the heat load for the boiler.
- the pre-mix system of the boiler is prearranged for detecting directly, in a rapid way, a possible obstruction, even only a partial one, of the path for supply of the combustion air or else of the path for discharge of the fumes from the boiler.
- the system is conceived in such a way that, when the flow rate of air introduced by the fan into the boiler varies on account of an obstruction, at the port 17b a counter-pressure (or in any case an increase in pressure) will be generated, instead of a negative pressure (or in any case a drop in pressure).
- the inventors have ascertained that, in a boiler of the type in question, in the case of an obstruction downstream or else upstream of a centrifugal fan with impeller that rotates at a relatively high speed with respect to the flow rate of air introduced, a condition of anomalous operation arises for the fan itself.
- the high speed of the impeller generates turbulence in the area of the suction mouth of the fan, which gives rise both to a flow of air that penetrates into the inlet mouth and to a flow of air that comes out from said inlet mouth.
- Said concept is exemplified in Figure 6, where the arrow IN indicates the aforesaid flow entering the mouth 13, whilst the arrow OUT indicates the aforesaid flow coming out of the mouth 13.
- the diaphragm 17 assumes the specific purpose of dividing into sections the suction mouth 13 of the fan 11, identifying one or more ports 17a at which, during operation of the fan, a drop in pressure or an inflow into the mouth 13 occurs, and at least one port 17b, at which, in the presence of an obstruction upstream or downstream of the fan, an increase in pressure or an outflow from the mouth 13 occurs.
- control system 8 controls an increase in the speed of rotation of the impeller 15 of the fan 11, substantially as occurs according to the known art.
- the control system 8 is prearranged for detecting closing of the valve 20 with the fan 11 active and consequently sets the boiler into a safety condition.
- valve 20 detects a depression or negative pressure (i.e., a pressure lower than the reference pressure at the point 24), in the case of an obstruction said valve detects an over-pressure (i.e., a pressure higher than the reference pressure at the point
- the invention has moreover been described with reference to a pre-mix system in which the combustible gas is injected at the suction mouth of a centrifugal fan and in which the function of detection of possible obstructions is performed by exploiting the pipe 22 for delivery of the gas.
- the invention may, however, be applied also to the case where the gas is introduced into a mixing chamber set downstream of the fan or else directly into the fan in a point different from its inlet mouth.
- delivery of the gas to the pre-mix system occurs through a dedicated pipe, which stems from the control valve set downstream of the corresponding shutter element.
- the pipe 22, and possibly the diaphragm 17 and/or the manifold 18, are maintained, but for the sole purpose of detecting the differential pressure, in the course of normal operation of the boiler, and onset of the aforesaid over-pressure that brings about closing of the valve, in the case of an obstruction, as clarified above.
- the function of detection of the aforesaid increase in pressure is performed by exploiting the valve for delivery of the gas 20.
- the invention can be implemented by rendering operative a pressure sensor in the predefined area where detection takes place (in the example given herein, at the port 17b).
- the signal originated by said sensor upon onset of the aforesaid over-pressure is transmitted to the gas valve or to the control system of the boiler so as to perform the appropriate adjustments or set the boiler itself in a condition of safety.
- the invention can be implemented envisaging a flow-meter instead of a pressure sensor, given that, as has been explained above, the aforesaid condition of faulty operation of the fan gives rise to a flow of air leaving the suction mouth of the fan, i.e., a flow having a direction opposite to what occurs in conditions of normal operation of the boiler.
- the aforesaid pressure and flow sensors can be of any known type suitable for the function proposed herein.
- the diaphragm 17 and the manifold 18, which, as has been said, form a device for delivery of gas to the suction mouth 13 of the centrifugal fan 11, can of course be integrated in a single component and, as has been said, have a shape different from the one represented ' by way of example.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Regulation And Control Of Combustion (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
IT000818A ITTO20050818A1 (en) | 2005-11-18 | 2005-11-18 | GAS HEATING SYSTEM WITH BURNER WITH PRE-LOADING PARTICULARLY A BOILER FOR HOUSEHOLD USE |
PCT/IB2006/003313 WO2007057772A2 (en) | 2005-11-18 | 2006-11-15 | Gas-heating apparatus with pre-mix burner, particularly boiler for domestic use |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1948999A2 true EP1948999A2 (en) | 2008-07-30 |
Family
ID=38049025
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP06820952A Withdrawn EP1948999A2 (en) | 2005-11-18 | 2006-11-15 | Gas-heating apparatus with pre-mix burner, particularly boiler for domestic use |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1948999A2 (en) |
IT (1) | ITTO20050818A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2007057772A2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US9528712B2 (en) * | 2012-11-05 | 2016-12-27 | Pat Caruso | Modulating burner system |
Family Cites Families (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2186962B (en) * | 1986-02-26 | 1990-03-21 | Mor Flo Ind Inc | Forced draft controlled mixture heating system using a closed combustion chamber |
FR2639094B1 (en) * | 1988-11-16 | 1991-07-12 | Chaffoteaux Et Maury | IMPROVEMENTS ON DEVICES FOR CONTROLLING AND ADJUSTING THE GAS SUPPLY TO THE BURNER OF A BOILER OR THE LIKE |
DE19548225C2 (en) * | 1995-12-22 | 2000-02-17 | Eberspaecher J Gmbh & Co | Fuel powered heater |
US6109255A (en) * | 1999-02-03 | 2000-08-29 | Gas Research Institute | Apparatus and method for modulating the firing rate of furnace burners |
KR100304907B1 (en) * | 1999-02-26 | 2001-09-24 | 구자홍 | control device for operating of gas furnace and method the same |
-
2005
- 2005-11-18 IT IT000818A patent/ITTO20050818A1/en unknown
-
2006
- 2006-11-15 EP EP06820952A patent/EP1948999A2/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2006-11-15 WO PCT/IB2006/003313 patent/WO2007057772A2/en active Application Filing
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
None * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2007057772A8 (en) | 2007-08-23 |
ITTO20050818A1 (en) | 2007-05-19 |
WO2007057772A3 (en) | 2007-10-18 |
WO2007057772A2 (en) | 2007-05-24 |
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Legal Events
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PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
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RIN1 | Information on inventor provided before grant (corrected) |
Inventor name: ALESSANDRINI, ALBERTO Inventor name: ALESSANDRINI, ANDREA |
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DAX | Request for extension of the european patent (deleted) | ||
17Q | First examination report despatched |
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18D | Application deemed to be withdrawn |
Effective date: 20180424 |