EP1948399A1 - Tool foe machining composite material parts - Google Patents

Tool foe machining composite material parts

Info

Publication number
EP1948399A1
EP1948399A1 EP06807497A EP06807497A EP1948399A1 EP 1948399 A1 EP1948399 A1 EP 1948399A1 EP 06807497 A EP06807497 A EP 06807497A EP 06807497 A EP06807497 A EP 06807497A EP 1948399 A1 EP1948399 A1 EP 1948399A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
tool
abrasive
tool according
diameter
polishing
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP06807497A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1948399B1 (en
Inventor
Didier Le Borgne
Jean-Benoît CHALET
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Airbus Operations SAS
Original Assignee
Airbus Operations SAS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Airbus Operations SAS filed Critical Airbus Operations SAS
Publication of EP1948399A1 publication Critical patent/EP1948399A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1948399B1 publication Critical patent/EP1948399B1/en
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
    • B24D7/00—Bonded abrasive wheels, or wheels with inserted abrasive blocks, designed for acting otherwise than only by their periphery, e.g. by the front face; Bushings or mountings therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
    • B24D7/00—Bonded abrasive wheels, or wheels with inserted abrasive blocks, designed for acting otherwise than only by their periphery, e.g. by the front face; Bushings or mountings therefor
    • B24D7/02—Wheels in one piece
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
    • B24D7/00—Bonded abrasive wheels, or wheels with inserted abrasive blocks, designed for acting otherwise than only by their periphery, e.g. by the front face; Bushings or mountings therefor
    • B24D7/10—Bonded abrasive wheels, or wheels with inserted abrasive blocks, designed for acting otherwise than only by their periphery, e.g. by the front face; Bushings or mountings therefor with cooling provisions
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
    • B24D7/00—Bonded abrasive wheels, or wheels with inserted abrasive blocks, designed for acting otherwise than only by their periphery, e.g. by the front face; Bushings or mountings therefor
    • B24D7/18—Wheels of special form
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T407/00—Cutters, for shaping
    • Y10T407/10—Cutters, for shaping including noncutting work modifying means
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T407/00—Cutters, for shaping
    • Y10T407/27—Cutters, for shaping comprising tool of specific chemical composition

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a tool for machining parts made of composite materials and a machining machine comprising such a tool.
  • machining is a critical process. It not only helps to achieve dimensional accuracy on the parts produced, but also enables complex parts to be obtained from materials that would otherwise be difficult to process.
  • the machining operation of a part is carried out directly on the finished dimension by means of a machining tool making one or more passes in the thickness of this part, the number of passes required being a function of this thickness.
  • machining tools of the state of the art implemented in the machining of composite material parts do not make holes or cavities in these parts.
  • the machine can not be placed directly on the starting point of the cut of the piece, the latter being identified by its coordinates in a reference which is that of the panoplie.
  • the cutting of additional material thus generated considerably increases the cutting time of the pieces in the panoplie and causes premature wear of the machining tool.
  • the objective of the present invention is therefore to propose a tool for machining workpieces made of composite materials, simple in its design and in its economical operating mode, and making it possible to control the depth of pass of this tool so that it it is constant from one pass to another, while simultaneously performing the roughing and finishing of the clipping piece.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a machining tool capable of simultaneously performing roughing and finishing operations by direct diving in the material of the piece.
  • the invention relates to a tool for machining parts made of composite materials, this tool having a substantially cylindrical main body.
  • the main body comprises a polishing portion of diameter D 1 having a main axis and an abrasive portion of diameter D 2 with D 2 ⁇ Di, the abrasive portion being centered on this main axis.
  • the abrasive portion has at its end at least one cutting element intended to allow dives of the tool in said parts, this cutting element of the abrasive part being an inverted truncated cone-shaped hollow.
  • the tool has at least one central duct opening on the outer surface of the abrasive part to ensure the lubrication of the -this,
  • the lubrication of the tool is provided by a conduit placed at the center of the main body of the tool and opening at the end of the abrasive portion at the cutting element.
  • the central duct is furthermore connected in fluid communication with at least one auxiliary channel opening on the external surface of said abrasive part,
  • auxiliary channels are preferably distributed over several levels of the abrasive portion so as to uniformly lubricate the outer surface of the abrasive portion.
  • the lubricating fluids used are, for example, cutting oil or an emulsion.
  • the abrasive part comprises abrasive particles having an average abrasive particle size of between approximately 300 ⁇ m and 1000 ⁇ m.
  • the polishing part comprises abrasive particles having an average abrasive particle size of between approximately 100 ⁇ m and 100 ⁇ m,
  • the abrasive particle size is typically determined by the largest dimension of the abrasive particle. Of course, there is a particle size distribution around this average abrasive particle size. Nevertheless, it may also seek to exercise greater control over the particle size distribution so that the polishing portion thus determined provides a more uniform composite material part finish.
  • the polishing part has voids between the abrasive particles,
  • the average size of these voids is between 10 and 500 microns.
  • the polishing portion comprises at least one continuous surface area or not allowing gripping of the tool.
  • the invention also relates to a machine for machining composite material parts comprising at least one tool holder device for receiving a cutting tool.
  • this cutting tool is a tool as described above.
  • FIG 1 is a schematic representation of a tool for machining workpieces made of composite materials, in profile view (FIG 1a) and in section (FIG 1 b), according to one embodiment of the invention ;
  • FIG. 2 is a partial sectional view of the tool of Figure 1 showing the abrasive part dive into the material of a part;
  • FIG. 3 shows schematically a tool for machining workpiece composite materials, in profile with the ends in section ( Figure 3a) according to another embodiment.
  • Fig. 3b is an enlarged sectional view of the end of the abrasive portion of the machining tool;
  • Figure 1 shows a tool for machining workpiece composite materials according to a particular embodiment of the invention.
  • This tool has a substantially cylindrical main body.
  • This main body comprises, on the one hand, a polishing part 1 of diameter D 1 having a main axis 2 and, on the other hand, an abrasive part 3 of diameter D 2 with D 2 ⁇ Di.
  • the abrasive portion 3 is centered on this main axis 2 so that the difference between the diameters of the two parts (D 2 -Di) / 2 defines the lateral grip in finishing of the tool.
  • the shoulder resulting from the difference in diameter between these two parts 1, 3 of the main body makes it possible to maintain a constant depth of penetration of the tool regardless of the thickness of the piece to be cut.
  • the polishing 1 and abrasive 3 parts can simultaneously perform roughing and finishing of this part without having to change tools on the machine to be machined.
  • the main body is monobloc. It is advantageously metallic, for example, steel.
  • the abrasive portion 3 of the main body has at its end 4 at least one cutting element 5 for allowing dives of the tool in the parts.
  • This cutting element 5 makes it possible to produce holes or cavities, for example, in parts made of composite materials.
  • the cutting element 5 is formed by an inverted truncated cone-shaped recess placed at the end 4 of the abrasive part 3.
  • FIG. 2 shows a sectional view of such a tool immersed in the material of a 6. The tool moves from right to left in the dive direction indicated by the arrow 7. The tool has a cutting edge 8 inside the abrasive part that works in the material.
  • the abrasive portion 3 comprises abrasive particles having a mean abrasive particle size of between about 300 ⁇ m and 1000 ⁇ m, and preferably between 400 ⁇ m and 850 ⁇ m.
  • abrasive particles are advantageously chosen from the group comprising cubic boron nitride, monocrystalline or polycrystalline diamond, carbide, and combinations of these elements.
  • the deposition of these particles can be achieved by electrolytic deposition, by brazed metal deposition or brazed polycristalline diamond deposition, or by the deposition of diamond layers by the Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) technique.
  • CVD Chemical Vapor Deposition
  • the polishing portion 1 of diameter D 2 comprises abrasive particles having a mean abrasive particle size of between about 100 ⁇ m and 600 ⁇ m, and preferably between 250 and 500 ⁇ m.
  • the abrasive particles for the polishing portion 1 may be selected from the group consisting of diamond, aluminum oxide, zirconium oxide and combinations thereof.
  • the deposition of these particles can be achieved by electrolytic diamond deposition.
  • the polishing portion 1 preferably comprises at least one continuous surface area or not, not shown, for gripping the tool by an operator to mount or remove the toolholder of a machining machine .
  • the tool also has a portion placed behind the main body of the tool, the shape of which allows the insertion of the tool on a tool holder.
  • This portion can be made in various ways, so that it can be mounted on all types of attachments known to those skilled in the art.
  • this portion comprises a cylindrical tail ground so that the tool can advantageously be mounted in attachments of type: SA, with clamp, or hooped.
  • the diameter Di of the polishing part 1 is preferably between 10 and 32 mm to ⁇ 10%, the diameter D 2 of the abrasive portion 3 being smaller than the diameter Di.
  • the diameter D 2 is between 6 and 28 mm to ⁇ 10%.
  • the truncated cone 5 has a base 11 of diameter between
  • This geometry of the cutting element determines the maximum dive angle of the tool.
  • the tool may include a central duct 9 opening on the outer surface of the abrasive portion 3, which allows a watering of the tool by the center.
  • the conduit 9 opens at the end 4 of the abrasive portion 3 at the cutting element 5 to lubricate it.
  • the central duct 9 also has outlets 10 on the outer surface of the abrasive part 3.
  • Figure 3 shows a tool for machining composite material part in another embodiment.
  • the structural elements of FIG. 3 bearing the same references as those of FIG. the same objects.
  • the abrasive portion 3 of the main body has at its end 4 a cutting element 5 for allowing dives of the tool in the parts.
  • a portion 13 of the outer surface of the abrasive portion 3 is diamond.
  • the central duct 9 is connected to a set of adjoining watering channels 14-20 distributed over several levels and opening onto outlet openings 10. These auxiliary channels 14-20 are preferably distributed in the body of the abrasive portion 3 of so as to uniformly water the outer surface of the tool and in particular the diamond portion 13.
  • the diameter of the central duct 9 is greater than that of the subsidiary channels 14-20 so as to obtain a water pressure always sufficient and constant in the irrigation channels 14-20.
  • the end of the central duct 9 on the side of the polishing part 1 is advantageously connected to a system for supplying lubricating fluid under pressure. This pressure is preferably greater than 10 bar in order to ensure the flow of the lubricating fluid through the tool / tool assembly.
  • This watering by the center of the tool advantageously makes it possible to increase the service life of the tool by reducing the fouling observed in the devices of the prior art and the cutting speed of this tool for a machining quality. preserved.
  • the gains, expressed in relation (tool cost) / (productivity), made with the tool for machining the composite material parts of the invention compared to a technology implementing a cutting tool with polycrystalline diamond edges. (PCD) are in the order of 95 to 98%.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Polishing Bodies And Polishing Tools (AREA)
  • Turning (AREA)
  • Milling Processes (AREA)
  • Cutting Tools, Boring Holders, And Turrets (AREA)

Abstract

A tool for machining composite material parts and a machining machine including such a tool. The tool has a substantially cylindrical main body. The main body includes a polishing part with a diameter D1, with a main axis and an abrasive part with a diameter D2, with D2 <D1, such abrasive part being centered on the main axis. The abrasive part includes, at its end at least one cutting element intended to enable penetrations of the tool into the composite material parts.

Description

Outil pour l'usinage de pièces en matériaux composites Tool for machining composite parts
La présente invention concerne un outil pour l'usinage de pièces en matériaux composites et une machine d'usinage comprenant un tel outil.The present invention relates to a tool for machining parts made of composite materials and a machining machine comprising such a tool.
Les matériaux composites ont acquis une large importance dans de nombreux domaines industriels. Leur domaine d'application qui concernait essentiellement l'aéronautique et le spatial initialement, est en pleine expansion et s'étend désormais à des secteurs aussi variés que l'industrie automobile, l'industrie ferroviaire ou encore les loisirs (planche à voile, ...).Composite materials have gained wide importance in many industrial fields. Their field of application which concerned mainly the aeronautics and the space initially, is in full expansion and extends now to sectors as varied as the automobile industry, the railway industry or the leisures (windsurfing,. ..).
Dans l'industrie des pièces pour l'aéronautique, l'usinage est un procédé critique. Il aide non seulement à obtenir la précision dimensionnelle sur les pièces produites, mais il permet également d'obtenir des pièces complexes à partir de matériaux qui seraient autrement difficiles à transformer.In the parts industry for aeronautics, machining is a critical process. It not only helps to achieve dimensional accuracy on the parts produced, but also enables complex parts to be obtained from materials that would otherwise be difficult to process.
Pour des matériaux composites, l'opération de détourage d'une pièce est réalisée directement à cote finie au moyen d'un outil d'usinage effectuant une ou plusieurs passes dans l'épaisseur de cette pièce, le nombre de passe nécessaire étant fonction de cette épaisseur.For composite materials, the machining operation of a part is carried out directly on the finished dimension by means of a machining tool making one or more passes in the thickness of this part, the number of passes required being a function of this thickness.
Cependant, on a observé que le détourage de la pièce en matériaux composites peut s'accompagner de l'apparition de défauts dans la pièce, le produit final ainsi obtenu n'atteignant pas les propriétés mécaniques attendues. Ces défauts qui résultent du soulèvement de plis de fibres, sont encore appelés « écaillages ». En l'absence de retrait de la pièce lors du contrôle de qualité, ces défauts peuvent à l'usage conduire à une fracture de la pièce.However, it has been observed that the trimming of the composite material part can be accompanied by the appearance of defects in the part, the final product thus obtained not reaching the expected mechanical properties. These defects resulting from the lifting of fiber folds, are also called "chipping". In the absence of removal of the room during Quality control, these defects can in use lead to a fracture of the part.
On a également constaté une usure plus ou moins rapide des outils d'usinage liée à une absence de contrôle de la profondeur de passe dans l'épaisseur de la pièce, d'une passe à l'autre. Or cette usure prématurée de l'outil entraîne des arrêts plus fréquents de la machine d'usinage et l'intervention d'un opérateur qualifié. Les coûts engendrés par le changement de l'outil ainsi que la perte de productivité liée au temps d'intervention de l'opérateur sont incompatibles avec les impératifs économiques de l'industrie des pièces pour l'aéronautique.There has also been a more or less rapid wear of the machining tools related to a lack of control of the depth of pass in the thickness of the part, from one pass to another. However, this premature wear of the tool causes more frequent stops of the machining machine and the intervention of a qualified operator. The cost of changing the tool as well as the loss of productivity due to operator intervention time are incompatible with the economic imperatives of the aerospace parts industry.
Par ailleurs, les outils d'usinage de l'état de l'art mis en œuvre dans l'usinage des pièces en matériaux composites ne permettent pas de réaliser des trous ou des cavités dans ces pièces.Moreover, the machining tools of the state of the art implemented in the machining of composite material parts do not make holes or cavities in these parts.
La réalisation de pièces par découpe dans une panoplie de grande dimension, avec de tels outils d'usinage, impose en conséquence de partir d'un bord de cette panoplie pour aller chercher la première pièce à découper.The production of pieces by cutting in a panoply large, with such machining tools, therefore requires starting from an edge of this panoplie to fetch the first piece to be cut.
La machine ne peut aller se placer directement sur le point de départ de la découpe de la pièce, cette dernière étant repérée par ses coordonnées dans un repère qui est celui de la panoplie. La découpe de matière supplémentaire ainsi engendrée augmente considérablement le temps de découpe des pièces dans la panoplie et entraîne une usure prématurée de l'outil d'usinage.The machine can not be placed directly on the starting point of the cut of the piece, the latter being identified by its coordinates in a reference which is that of the panoplie. The cutting of additional material thus generated considerably increases the cutting time of the pieces in the panoplie and causes premature wear of the machining tool.
Enfin, l'usinage mécanique des matériaux composites exige aussi des outils coupants de plus en plus perfectionnés pour augmenter fortement le débit de copeaux et réduire ainsi le temps nécessaire aux opérations de détourage d'une pièce en matériaux composites.Finally, the mechanical machining of composite materials also requires cutting tools increasingly sophisticated to greatly increase the chip rate and thus reduce the time required for clipping operations of a composite material part.
L'objectif de la présente invention est donc de proposer un outil pour l'usinage de pièce en matériaux composites, simple dans sa conception et dans son mode opératoire, économique, et permettant de contrôler la profondeur de passe de cet outil afin que celle-ci soit constante d'une passe à l'autre, tout en réalisant simultanément l'ébauche et la finition de la pièce en détourage.The objective of the present invention is therefore to propose a tool for machining workpieces made of composite materials, simple in its design and in its economical operating mode, and making it possible to control the depth of pass of this tool so that it it is constant from one pass to another, while simultaneously performing the roughing and finishing of the clipping piece.
Un autre objet de la présente invention est de disposer d'un outil d'usinage capable de réaliser simultanément des opérations d'ébauche et de finition en plongée directe dans la matière de la pièce. A cet effet, l'invention concerne un outil pour l'usinage de pièces en matériaux composites, cet outil ayant un corps principal sensiblement cylindrique.Another object of the present invention is to provide a machining tool capable of simultaneously performing roughing and finishing operations by direct diving in the material of the piece. For this purpose, the invention relates to a tool for machining parts made of composite materials, this tool having a substantially cylindrical main body.
Selon l'invention, le corps principal comporte une partie de polissage de diamètre D1 ayant un axe principal et une partie abrasive de diamètre D2 avec D2 < D-i, la partie abrasive étant centrée sur cet axe principal. De plus, la partie abrasive comporte à son extrémité au moins un élément coupant destiné à permettre des plongées de l'outil dans lesdites pièces, cet élément coupant de la partie abrasive étant un creux en forme de tronc de cône inversé.According to the invention, the main body comprises a polishing portion of diameter D 1 having a main axis and an abrasive portion of diameter D 2 with D 2 <Di, the abrasive portion being centered on this main axis. In addition, the abrasive portion has at its end at least one cutting element intended to allow dives of the tool in said parts, this cutting element of the abrasive part being an inverted truncated cone-shaped hollow.
Dans différents modes de réalisation particuliers de cet outil d'usinage, chacun ayant ses avantages particuliers et susceptibles de nombreuses combinaisons techniques possibles: l'outil présente au moins un conduit central débouchant sur la surface externe de la partie abrasive pour assurer la lubrification de celle-ci,In different particular embodiments of this machining tool, each having its particular advantages and likely many possible technical combinations: the tool has at least one central duct opening on the outer surface of the abrasive part to ensure the lubrication of the -this,
Avantageusement, la lubrification de l'outil est assurée par un conduit placé au centre du corps principal de l'outil et débouchant à l'extrémité de la partie abrasive au niveau de l'élément coupant. - le conduit central est de plus relié en communication de fluide avec au moins un canal annexe débouchant sur la surface externe de ladite partie abrasive,Advantageously, the lubrication of the tool is provided by a conduit placed at the center of the main body of the tool and opening at the end of the abrasive portion at the cutting element. the central duct is furthermore connected in fluid communication with at least one auxiliary channel opening on the external surface of said abrasive part,
Ces canaux annexes sont de préférence répartis sur plusieurs niveaux de la partie abrasive de manière à lubrifier uniformément la surface externe de la partie abrasive. Les fluides lubrifiants mis en œuvre sont, par exemple, de l'huile de coupe ou une émulsion.These auxiliary channels are preferably distributed over several levels of the abrasive portion so as to uniformly lubricate the outer surface of the abrasive portion. The lubricating fluids used are, for example, cutting oil or an emulsion.
- la partie abrasive comporte des particules abrasives présentant une taille de particule abrasive moyenne comprise entre environ 300 μm et 1000 μm. - la partie de polissage comporte des particules abrasives présentant une taille de particule abrasive moyenne comprise entre environ 100 μm et θOO μm,the abrasive part comprises abrasive particles having an average abrasive particle size of between approximately 300 μm and 1000 μm. the polishing part comprises abrasive particles having an average abrasive particle size of between approximately 100 μm and 100 μm,
La taille de particule abrasive est typiquement déterminée par la plus grande dimension de la particule abrasive. Bien entendu, il existe une distribution de tailles de particule autour de cette taille de particule abrasive moyenne. Néanmoins, on pourra également chercher à exercer un contrôle plus important sur la distribution de tailles des particules de sorte que la partie de polissage ainsi déterminée fournisse une finition de la pièce en matériaux composites plus uniforme. - la partie de polissage présente des vides entre les particules abrasives,The abrasive particle size is typically determined by the largest dimension of the abrasive particle. Of course, there is a particle size distribution around this average abrasive particle size. Nevertheless, it may also seek to exercise greater control over the particle size distribution so that the polishing portion thus determined provides a more uniform composite material part finish. the polishing part has voids between the abrasive particles,
De préférence, la taille moyenne de ces vides est comprise entre 10 et 500 μm.Preferably, the average size of these voids is between 10 and 500 microns.
- la partie de polissage comporte au moins une zone de surface continue ou non permettant la préhension de l'outil.- The polishing portion comprises at least one continuous surface area or not allowing gripping of the tool.
L'invention concerne également une machine d'usinage de pièces en matériaux composites comprenant au moins un dispositif porte-outil destiné à recevoir un outil coupant.The invention also relates to a machine for machining composite material parts comprising at least one tool holder device for receiving a cutting tool.
Selon l'invention, cet outil coupant est un outil tel que décrit précédemment.According to the invention, this cutting tool is a tool as described above.
L'invention sera décrite plus en détail en référence aux dessins annexés dans lesquels:The invention will be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
- la figure 1 est une représentation schématique d'un outil pour l'usinage de pièce en matériaux composites, en vue de profil (Fig. 1a) et en coupe (Fig. 1 b), selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention ;FIG 1 is a schematic representation of a tool for machining workpieces made of composite materials, in profile view (FIG 1a) and in section (FIG 1 b), according to one embodiment of the invention ;
- la figure 2 est une vue en coupe partielle de l'outil de la Figure 1 montrant la partie abrasive en plongée dans la matière d'une pièce;- Figure 2 is a partial sectional view of the tool of Figure 1 showing the abrasive part dive into the material of a part;
- la figure 3 représente schématiquement un outil pour l'usinage de pièce en matériaux composites, en vue de profil avec les extrémités en coupe (Fig. 3a) selon un autre mode de réalisation. La Fig. 3b est une vue élargie en coupe de l'extrémité de la partie abrasive de l'outil d'usinage;- Figure 3 shows schematically a tool for machining workpiece composite materials, in profile with the ends in section (Figure 3a) according to another embodiment. Fig. 3b is an enlarged sectional view of the end of the abrasive portion of the machining tool;
La Figure 1 montre un outil pour l'usinage de pièce en matériaux composites selon un mode de réalisation particulier de l'invention. Cet outil a un corps principal sensiblement cylindrique. Ce corps principal comprend d'une part, une partie de polissage 1 de diamètre D1 ayant un axe principal 2 et d'autre part, une partie abrasive 3 de diamètre D2 avec D2 < D-i. La partie abrasive 3 est centrée sur cet axe principal 2 de sorte que l'écart entre les diamètres des deux parties (D2-Di)/2 définisse la prise latérale en finition de l'outil. L'épaulement résultant de la différence de diamètre entre ces deux parties 1 , 3 du corps principal permet de maintenir une profondeur de passe constante de l'outil quelle que soit l'épaisseur de la pièce à détourer.Figure 1 shows a tool for machining workpiece composite materials according to a particular embodiment of the invention. This tool has a substantially cylindrical main body. This main body comprises, on the one hand, a polishing part 1 of diameter D 1 having a main axis 2 and, on the other hand, an abrasive part 3 of diameter D 2 with D 2 <Di. The abrasive portion 3 is centered on this main axis 2 so that the difference between the diameters of the two parts (D 2 -Di) / 2 defines the lateral grip in finishing of the tool. The shoulder resulting from the difference in diameter between these two parts 1, 3 of the main body makes it possible to maintain a constant depth of penetration of the tool regardless of the thickness of the piece to be cut.
De plus, les parties de polissage 1 et abrasive 3 permettent de réaliser simultanément l'ébauche et la finition de cette pièce sans avoir à changer d'outil sur la machine à usiner. Le corps principal est monobloc. Il est avantageusement métallique, par exemple, en acier.In addition, the polishing 1 and abrasive 3 parts can simultaneously perform roughing and finishing of this part without having to change tools on the machine to be machined. The main body is monobloc. It is advantageously metallic, for example, steel.
La partie abrasive 3 du corps principal comporte à son extrémité 4 au moins un élément coupant 5 destiné à permettre des plongées de l'outil dans les pièces. Cet élément coupant 5 rend possible la réalisation de trous ou de cavités, par exemple, dans les pièces en matériaux composites.The abrasive portion 3 of the main body has at its end 4 at least one cutting element 5 for allowing dives of the tool in the parts. This cutting element 5 makes it possible to produce holes or cavities, for example, in parts made of composite materials.
L'élément coupant 5 est réalisé par un creux en forme de tronc de cône inversé placé à l'extrémité 4 de la partie abrasive 3. La Figure 2 montre une vue en coupe d'un tel outil en plongée dans la matière d'une pièce 6. L'outil se déplace de la droite vers la gauche dans le sens de plongée indiqué par la flèche 7. L'outil présente une arête de coupe 8 intérieure à la partie abrasive qui travaille dans la matière.The cutting element 5 is formed by an inverted truncated cone-shaped recess placed at the end 4 of the abrasive part 3. FIG. 2 shows a sectional view of such a tool immersed in the material of a 6. The tool moves from right to left in the dive direction indicated by the arrow 7. The tool has a cutting edge 8 inside the abrasive part that works in the material.
La partie abrasive 3 comporte des particules abrasives présentant une taille de particule abrasive moyenne comprise entre environ 300 μm et 1000 μm, et de préférence comprise entre 400 μm et 850 μm.The abrasive portion 3 comprises abrasive particles having a mean abrasive particle size of between about 300 μm and 1000 μm, and preferably between 400 μm and 850 μm.
Ces particules abrasives sont avantageusement choisies dans le groupe comprenant le nitrure de bore cubique, le diamant monocristallin ou polycristallin, le carbure, et des combinaisons de ces éléments.These abrasive particles are advantageously chosen from the group comprising cubic boron nitride, monocrystalline or polycrystalline diamond, carbide, and combinations of these elements.
Dans le cas où les particules abrasives de la partie abrasive 3 sont du diamant polycristallin, le dépôt de ces particules peut être réalisé par dépôt électrolytique, par dépôt métal brasé ou dépôt diamant polycristallin brasé, ou encore par le dépôt de couches de diamant par la technique de dépôt chimique en phase vapeur (CVD -"Chemical vapor déposition"). Ces techniques de dépôt, étant connues de l'homme du métier, ne seront pas décrites ici.In the case where the abrasive particles of the abrasive portion 3 are polycrystalline diamond, the deposition of these particles can be achieved by electrolytic deposition, by brazed metal deposition or brazed polycristalline diamond deposition, or by the deposition of diamond layers by the Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) technique. These deposition techniques, being known to those skilled in the art, will not be described here.
La partie de polissage 1 de diamètre D2 comporte des particules abrasives présentant une taille de particule abrasive moyenne comprise entre environ 100 μm et 600 μm, et de préférence entre 250 et 500 μm. Les particules abrasives pour la partie de polissage 1 peuvent être choisies dans le groupe comprenant le diamant, l'oxyde d'aluminium, l'oxyde de zirconium et des combinaisons de ces éléments.The polishing portion 1 of diameter D 2 comprises abrasive particles having a mean abrasive particle size of between about 100 μm and 600 μm, and preferably between 250 and 500 μm. The abrasive particles for the polishing portion 1 may be selected from the group consisting of diamond, aluminum oxide, zirconium oxide and combinations thereof.
Dans le cas où les particules abrasives de la partie de polissage 1 sont du diamant polycristallin, le dépôt de ces particules peut être réalisé par dépôt diamant électrolytique.In the case where the abrasive particles of the polishing part 1 are polycrystalline diamond, the deposition of these particles can be achieved by electrolytic diamond deposition.
La partie de polissage 1 comporte de préférence au moins une zone de surface continue ou non, non représentée, permettant la préhension de l'outil par un opérateur afin de le monter ou l'enlever du porte-outil d'une machine d'usinage.The polishing portion 1 preferably comprises at least one continuous surface area or not, not shown, for gripping the tool by an operator to mount or remove the toolholder of a machining machine .
L'outil présente également une portion placée en arrière du corps principal de l'outil, dont la forme permet l'insertion de l'outil sur un porte-outil. Cette portion peut être réalisée de diverses façons, de manière à pouvoir être montée sur tous les types d'attachements connus de l'homme du métier. Dans ce cas, cette portion comporte une queue cylindrique rectifiée de sorte que l'outil peut avantageusement être monté dans des attachements de type : SA, avec pince, ou fretté.The tool also has a portion placed behind the main body of the tool, the shape of which allows the insertion of the tool on a tool holder. This portion can be made in various ways, so that it can be mounted on all types of attachments known to those skilled in the art. In this case, this portion comprises a cylindrical tail ground so that the tool can advantageously be mounted in attachments of type: SA, with clamp, or hooped.
Le diamètre Di de la partie de polissage 1 est de préférence compris entre 10 et 32 mm à ± 10%, le diamètre D2 de la partie abrasive 3 étant inférieur au diamètre D-i. Par exemple, le diamètre D2 est compris entre 6 et 28 mm à ± 10%.The diameter Di of the polishing part 1 is preferably between 10 and 32 mm to ± 10%, the diameter D 2 of the abrasive portion 3 being smaller than the diameter Di. For example, the diameter D 2 is between 6 and 28 mm to ± 10%.
Pour un outil présentant de tels diamètres pour les parties abrasives 3 et de polissage 1 , le tronc de cône 5 a une base 11 de diamètre compris entreFor a tool having such diameters for the abrasive 3 and polishing parts 1, the truncated cone 5 has a base 11 of diameter between
4 et 24 mm à ± 10% et un sommet 12 de diamètre compris entre 2 et 20 mm à ± 10%. Cette géométrie de l'élément coupant détermine l'angle de plongée maximum de l'outil.4 and 24 mm to ± 10% and a vertex 12 of diameter between 2 and 20 mm to ± 10%. This geometry of the cutting element determines the maximum dive angle of the tool.
L'outil peut comporter un conduit central 9 débouchant sur la surface externe de la partie abrasive 3, ce qui permet un arrosage de l'outil par le centre. De préférence, le conduit 9 débouche à l'extrémité 4 de la partie abrasive 3 au niveau de l'élément coupant 5 pour assurer la lubrification de celui-ci. Le conduit central 9 présente également des sorties 10 sur la surface externe de la partie abrasive 3.The tool may include a central duct 9 opening on the outer surface of the abrasive portion 3, which allows a watering of the tool by the center. Preferably, the conduit 9 opens at the end 4 of the abrasive portion 3 at the cutting element 5 to lubricate it. The central duct 9 also has outlets 10 on the outer surface of the abrasive part 3.
La Figure 3 montre un outil pour l'usinage de pièce en matériaux composites dans un autre mode de réalisation. Les éléments structurels de la Figure 3 portant les mêmes références que ceux de la Figure 1 représentent les mêmes objets. La partie abrasive 3 du corps principal comporte à son extrémité 4 un élément coupant 5 destiné à permettre des plongées de l'outil dans les pièces. Une portion 13 de la surface externe de la partie abrasive 3 est diamantée. Le conduit central 9 est relié à un ensemble de canaux d'arrosage annexes 14-20 répartis sur plusieurs niveaux et débouchant sur des orifices de sortie 10. Ces canaux annexes 14-20 sont de préférence répartis dans le corps de la partie abrasive 3 de manière à arroser uniformément la surface externe de l'outil et en particulier la portion diamantée 13. Le diamètre du conduit central 9 est supérieur à celui des canaux annexes 14-20 de manière à obtenir une pression d'arrosage toujours suffisante et constante dans les canaux d'arrosage annexes 14-20. L'extrémité du conduit central 9 du coté de la partie de polissage 1 est avantageusement reliée à un système d'alimentation en fluide lubrifiant sous pression. Cette pression est de préférence supérieure à 10 bars afin d'assurer l'écoulement du fluide lubrifiant à travers l'ensemble porte-outil/outil.Figure 3 shows a tool for machining composite material part in another embodiment. The structural elements of FIG. 3 bearing the same references as those of FIG. the same objects. The abrasive portion 3 of the main body has at its end 4 a cutting element 5 for allowing dives of the tool in the parts. A portion 13 of the outer surface of the abrasive portion 3 is diamond. The central duct 9 is connected to a set of adjoining watering channels 14-20 distributed over several levels and opening onto outlet openings 10. These auxiliary channels 14-20 are preferably distributed in the body of the abrasive portion 3 of so as to uniformly water the outer surface of the tool and in particular the diamond portion 13. The diameter of the central duct 9 is greater than that of the subsidiary channels 14-20 so as to obtain a water pressure always sufficient and constant in the irrigation channels 14-20. The end of the central duct 9 on the side of the polishing part 1 is advantageously connected to a system for supplying lubricating fluid under pressure. This pressure is preferably greater than 10 bar in order to ensure the flow of the lubricating fluid through the tool / tool assembly.
Cet arrosage par le centre de l'outil permet avantageusement d'augmenter la durée de vie de l'outil en réduisant l'encrassement observé dans les dispositifs de l'art antérieur et la vitesse de coupe de cet outil pour une qualité d'usinage préservée. Les gains, exprimés en rapport (coût outil)/(productivité), réalisés avec l'outil pour l'usinage des pièces en matériaux composites de l'invention comparativement à une technologie mettant en œuvre un outil de coupe avec des arêtes en diamant polycristallin (PCD) sont de l'ordre de 95 à 98%. This watering by the center of the tool advantageously makes it possible to increase the service life of the tool by reducing the fouling observed in the devices of the prior art and the cutting speed of this tool for a machining quality. preserved. The gains, expressed in relation (tool cost) / (productivity), made with the tool for machining the composite material parts of the invention compared to a technology implementing a cutting tool with polycrystalline diamond edges. (PCD) are in the order of 95 to 98%.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1. Outil pour l'usinage de pièces en matériaux composites, ledit outil ayant un corps principal sensiblement cylindrique, caractérisé en ce que ledit corps principal comporte :1. Tool for machining composite material parts, said tool having a substantially cylindrical main body, characterized in that said main body comprises:
- une partie de polissage (1 ) de diamètre Di ayant un axe principal (2),a polishing part (1) of diameter Di having a main axis (2),
- une partie abrasive (3) de diamètre D2 avec D2 < D1, ladite partie abrasive (3) étant centrée sur ledit axe principal (2),an abrasive part (3) of diameter D 2 with D 2 <D 1 , said abrasive part (3) being centered on said main axis (2),
- ladite partie abrasive (3) comporte à son extrémité (4) au moins un élément coupant (5) destiné à permettre des plongées dudit outil dans lesdites pièces, et en ce que ledit élément coupant (5) de ladite partie abrasive (3) est un creux en forme de tronc de cône inversé.said abrasive part (3) comprises at its end (4) at least one cutting element (5) intended to allow dives of said tool in said parts, and in that said cutting element (5) of said abrasive part (3) is a hollow shaped inverted truncated cone.
2. Outil selon la revendication 1 , caractérisé en ce qu'il présente au moins un conduit central (9) débouchant sur la surface externe de ladite partie abrasive (3) pour assurer la lubrification de celle-ci.2. Tool according to claim 1, characterized in that it has at least one central duct (9) opening on the outer surface of said abrasive portion (3) to ensure lubrication thereof.
3. Outil selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que ledit conduit central (9) est de plus relié en communication de fluide avec au moins un canal annexe (14-20) débouchant sur la surface externe de ladite partie abrasive (3).3. Tool according to claim 2, characterized in that said central duct (9) is further connected in fluid communication with at least one auxiliary channel (14-20) opening on the outer surface of said abrasive portion (3).
4. Outil selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que ladite partie abrasive (3) comporte des particules abrasives présentant une taille de particule abrasive moyenne comprise entre environ 300 μm et 1000 μm. 4. Tool according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that said abrasive portion (3) comprises abrasive particles having an average abrasive particle size of between about 300 microns and 1000 microns.
5. Outil selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que ladite partie abrasive (3) comporte des particules abrasives qui sont choisies dans le groupe comprenant le nitrure de bore cubique, le diamant polycristallin, le carbure, et des combinaisons de ces éléments.5. Tool according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that said abrasive portion (3) comprises abrasive particles which are selected from the group consisting of cubic boron nitride, polycrystalline diamond, carbide, and combinations of these elements.
6. Outil selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que ladite partie de polissage (1 ) comporte des particules abrasives présentant une taille de particule abrasive moyenne comprise entre environ 100 μm et θOO μm.6. Tool according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that said polishing portion (1) comprises abrasive particles having a mean abrasive particle size of between about 100 microns and θ00 microns.
7. Outil selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce que ladite partie de polissage (1 ) présente des vides entre les particules abrasives. 7. Tool according to claim 6, characterized in that said polishing portion (1) has voids between the abrasive particles.
8. Outil selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé en ce que ladite partie de polissage (1 ) comporte des particules abrasives qui sont choisies dans le groupe comprenant le diamant, l'oxyde d'aluminium, l'oxyde de zirconium et des combinaisons de ces éléments. 8. Tool according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that said polishing portion (1) comprises abrasive particles which are selected from the group consisting of diamond, aluminum oxide, oxide of zirconium and combinations of these elements.
9. Outil selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 8, caractérisé en ce que ladite partie de polissage (1 ) comporte au moins une zone de surface continue ou non permettant la préhension dudit outil.9. Tool according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that said polishing portion (1) comprises at least one continuous surface area or not allowing gripping said tool.
10. Outil selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 9, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte une portion placée en arrière du corps principal, dont la forme permet l'insertion dudit outil sur un porte-outil.10. Tool according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that it comprises a portion placed behind the main body, the shape allows the insertion of said tool on a tool holder.
11. Outil selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 10, caractérisé en ce que le diamètre Di de ladite partie de polissage (1 ) est compris entre 10 et 32 mm à ± 10% et le diamètre D2 de ladite partie abrasive (3) est compris entre 6 et 28 mm à ± 10%. 11. Tool according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the diameter Di of said polishing portion (1) is between 10 and 32 mm to ± 10% and the diameter D 2 of said abrasive portion ( 3) is between 6 and 28 mm to ± 10%.
12. Outil selon les revendications 1 et 11 , caractérisé en ce que ledit tronc de cône a une base (11 ) de diamètre compris entre 4 et 24 mm à ± 10% et un sommet (12) de diamètre compris entre 2 et 20 mm à ± 10%.12. Tool according to claims 1 and 11, characterized in that said truncated cone has a base (11) with a diameter of between 4 and 24 mm to ± 10% and a vertex (12) with a diameter of between 2 and 20 mm. at ± 10%.
13. Machine d'usinage de pièces en matériaux composites comprenant au moins un dispositif porte-outil destiné à recevoir un outil coupant, caractérisé en ce que ledit outil coupant est un outil selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 12. 13. Machine for machining composite material parts comprising at least one tool holder for receiving a cutting tool, characterized in that said cutting tool is a tool according to any one of claims 1 to 12.
EP06807497A 2005-10-27 2006-10-24 Tool for machining composite material parts Not-in-force EP1948399B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0553260A FR2892653B1 (en) 2005-10-27 2005-10-27 TOOL FOR MACHINING PARTS IN COMPOSITE MATERIALS
PCT/EP2006/067699 WO2007048781A1 (en) 2005-10-27 2006-10-24 Tool foe machining composite material parts

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1948399A1 true EP1948399A1 (en) 2008-07-30
EP1948399B1 EP1948399B1 (en) 2009-08-26

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US (1) US8202141B2 (en)
EP (1) EP1948399B1 (en)
JP (1) JP5143008B2 (en)
CN (1) CN101296781B (en)
AT (1) ATE440700T1 (en)
BR (1) BRPI0617533A2 (en)
CA (1) CA2625738C (en)
DE (1) DE602006008819D1 (en)
FR (1) FR2892653B1 (en)
RU (1) RU2420393C2 (en)
WO (1) WO2007048781A1 (en)

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Publication number Publication date
CN101296781B (en) 2011-03-30
CA2625738C (en) 2013-11-26
EP1948399B1 (en) 2009-08-26
FR2892653B1 (en) 2009-04-10
US20090221218A1 (en) 2009-09-03
US8202141B2 (en) 2012-06-19
RU2420393C2 (en) 2011-06-10
FR2892653A1 (en) 2007-05-04
BRPI0617533A2 (en) 2011-07-26
CA2625738A1 (en) 2007-05-03
JP5143008B2 (en) 2013-02-13
JP2009513369A (en) 2009-04-02
CN101296781A (en) 2008-10-29
ATE440700T1 (en) 2009-09-15
RU2008120606A (en) 2009-11-27
WO2007048781A1 (en) 2007-05-03
DE602006008819D1 (en) 2009-10-08

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