EP1948324B1 - Safety device - Google Patents
Safety device Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1948324B1 EP1948324B1 EP06808395A EP06808395A EP1948324B1 EP 1948324 B1 EP1948324 B1 EP 1948324B1 EP 06808395 A EP06808395 A EP 06808395A EP 06808395 A EP06808395 A EP 06808395A EP 1948324 B1 EP1948324 B1 EP 1948324B1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- drum
- energy absorber
- safety
- safety device
- linear energy
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 69
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 208000027418 Wounds and injury Diseases 0.000 description 5
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 208000014674 injury Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003466 anti-cipated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001174 ascending effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62B—DEVICES, APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR LIFE-SAVING
- A62B35/00—Safety belts or body harnesses; Similar equipment for limiting displacement of the human body, especially in case of sudden changes of motion
- A62B35/04—Safety belts or body harnesses; Similar equipment for limiting displacement of the human body, especially in case of sudden changes of motion incorporating energy absorbing means
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62B—DEVICES, APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR LIFE-SAVING
- A62B35/00—Safety belts or body harnesses; Similar equipment for limiting displacement of the human body, especially in case of sudden changes of motion
- A62B35/0093—Fall arrest reel devices
Definitions
- This invention relates to an improved safety device and particularly to an improved safety device for use in a fall arrest system.
- Fall arrest systems are used to prevent personnel working at height from suffering injury or death due to falls. Fall arrest systems are also commonly referred to as height safety systems or fall prevention systems.
- the safety block 1 comprises a safety line or cable 2 wound around a drum 3 mounted for rotation within a casing 4.
- the casing 4 includes attachment means 5 for attaching the safety block to a fixed support structure (not shown).
- the drum 3 is biassed by a tensioning and re-spooling device 6 in a direction of rotation acting to tension the safety line 2 and wind it onto the drum 3.
- the drum 3 is selectively connected to a brake 8 through a speed sensitive clutch 9, the speed sensitive clutch 9 being arranged to allow free rotation of the drum 3 at low speeds of rotation and to engage the drum 3 to the brake 8 at high speeds of rotation above an activation speed.
- the brake 8 comprises a pair of opposed friction discs 8a and 8b loaded into contact with one another, one disc 8a being fixed to the casing 4 and the other disc 8b being arranged to rotate together with the drum 3 when the clutch 9 is engaged.
- the safety block 1 is attached to a fixed support structure above a region in which a user to be protected is working.
- the user wears a personal safety harness and attaches the end of the safety line 2 to the harness.
- the user can then move around the region below the safety block, including ascending and descending any structures within the region, as necessary.
- the tensioning and spooling mechanism 6 allows the drum 3 to rotate to pay out the safety line 2 as required to allow the movement and also causes the drum 3 to rotate to reel in the safety line 2 as required so that there is no slack in the safety line 2.
- the braking force applied to the safety line by rotation of the drum against the friction brake must be precisely controlled. If the braking force is too low, the user will continue falling for an undesirably long distance before the fall is stopped. This results in an increased risk that the user will strike the ground or some other obstacle before their fall is stopped, so increasing the risk of injury or death. Further, as the distance fallen by the user gets larger the total amount of energy which must be absorbed and dissipated by the brake is increased, requiring a larger and more robust brake, for safety.
- the braking force applied to the drum by the brake in known systems is highly sensitive to the surface condition of the opposed faces of the friction disks and the degree of loading. As a result, it is difficult and complex to assemble the safety block so that the degree of loading of the friction disks is correctly set to provide the desired braking force. Further, there is a risk that the surface properties of the friction disks or the amount of loading between them will change over time, particularly in dirty working environments, so that regular inspection, checking and adjustment of the safety blocks is required to ensure safe and reliable operation.
- known safety blocks do not inherently provide any indication that a fall arrest event has occurred, so that if a fall is not reported by the user the safety block or other parts of the safety system which have been exposed to fall arrest loads can be dangerously maintained in use without testing or replacement.
- the present invention was made in an attempt to overcome these problems, at least in part.
- this invention provides a safety device suitable for use in a fall arrest system, and comprising: a body, attachment means for attaching the safety device to a support structure, a drum mounted for rotation relative to the body, a safety line wound on the drum, a speed sensitive clutch connected to the drum, and a linear energy absorber connecting the body to the attachment means, in which the speed sensitive clutch is adapted to respond to rotation of the drum relative to the body in a direction tending to unwind the safety line from the drum and above a predetermined speed by locking the drum against further rotation in said direction relative to the body, and the linear energy absorber is adapted to respond, when the speed sensitive clutch has locked the drum, to an applied load along the safety line greater than a threshold value by deploying and absorbing energy so that the attachment means moves away from the body.
- linear energy absorber to absorb the fall energy allows the braking force to be precisely controlled with a more simply and more easily set device. Further, the device is less prone to change over time, even in dirty environments, so that inspection, checking and adjustment is required less frequently.
- the deployment of the linear energy absorber results in a permanent vertical movement of the safety device away from the attachment means and supporting structure which is easily visible even from a distance, so that it is immediately apparent that a fall arrest event has occurred and that appropriate checking and replacement of parts should be carried out.
- a safety block 10 according to a first embodiment of the invention and suitable for use in a height safety system is shown in Figures 3 and 4 .
- the safety block 10 comprises a drum 11 mounted for rotation in a yoke 12.
- the yoke 12 comprises two parallel arms 12a and 12b connected together by lower and upper end pieces 12c and 12d, and the drum 11 is retained for rotation between the parallel arms 12a and 12b.
- a safety line or cable 13 is wound around the drum 11 with a free end passing through a hole 18 in the lower end piece 12c of the yoke 12 and able to hang below the safety block 10.
- the safety line 13 has a connection means (not shown) suitable for connection to a personal safety harness of a user located at or near to it's free end.
- the opposite end of the safety line 13 is secured to the drum 11 so that the safety line 13 cannot be released from the safety block 10 even when fully unwound.
- a further energy absorber may be provided as part of the connection means or the personal safety harness.
- An energy absorber of the rip out fabric type which absorbs energy by tearing stitches between multiple layers of fabric cloth or webbing as the layers are pulled apart is particularly suitable for use as such a further energy absorber.
- the safety block 10 further comprises a linear energy absorber 15 mounted on the yoke 12 and an attachment eye 14 suitable for attaching the safety block to a fixed supporting structure at the upper end of the safety block 10.
- the attachment eye 14 is connected to the yoke 12 through the linear energy absorber 15 so that the linear energy absorber 15 is responsive to tensile loads between the attachment eye 14 and the yoke 12.
- the linear energy absorber 15 has a predetermined deployment threshold load. That is, the linear energy absorber 15 does not respond to applied tensile loads below the deployment threshold, but responds to applied tensile loads above the deployment threshold by deploying and increasing in length while resisting the applied tensile load and so absorbing energy.
- the linear energy absorber 15 is arranged to connect the attachment eye 14 to the yoke 12 rigidly with a fixed distance between them while the tensile load between the yoke 12 and the attachment eye 14 is below the predetermined deployment threshold load of the linear energy absorber 15. If the tensile load between the attachment eye 14 and the yoke 12 exceeds this deployment load, the energy absorber 15 will respond by deploying and lengthening, so allowing the yoke 12 to move away from the attachment eye 14, and absorbing energy.
- any type of linear energy absorber having suitable characteristics can be used.
- the linear energy absorber is of the type which deploys and absorbs energy by plastic deformation of a part of the energy absorber or the rip out fabric type which absorbs energy by tearing stitches between multiple layers of fabric cloth or webbing as the layers are pulled apart.
- the linear energy absorber is of the type which deploys and absorbs energy by plastic deformation of a part of the energy absorber.
- linear energy absorber 15 is shown in the illustrated first embodiment.
- This linear energy absorber 15 is of the type which absorbs energy by passing a strip of plastically deformable material from a coil store through deforming means.
- the linear energy absorber 15 comprises a stainless steel strip 15a connected at a first end 15d to the attachment eye 14.
- the other end 15e of the stainless steel strip 15a is formed into a coiled store 15b located between the arms 12a and 12b of the yoke 12 and has an end stop 15f.
- Deforming means 15c is attached to the upper end piece 12d of the yoke 12 and the stainless steel strip 15a passes through the deforming means 15c between the first end 15d and the coiled store 15b.
- the deforming means 15c preferably comprises a series of curved surfaces 15g in contact with the stainless steel strip 15a and arranged so that the steel strip 15a undergoes plastic deformation as it passes through the deforming means 15c.
- alternative arrangements such as using pins or rollers to deform the steel strip, could be used.
- the end stop 15f is provided as a safety precaution. If all of the stainless steel strip 15a is deployed so that the linear energy absorber 15 reaches the end of its deployment, the end stop 15f will stop the further deployment and so prevent the stainless steel strip 15a from being released from the deforming means 15c. As a result, the safety block 10 cannot become released from the fixed supporting structure.
- the drum 11 is connected to the yoke 12 by a rewinding mechanism 16.
- a rewinding mechanism 16 applies a small torque to the drum 11 relative to the yoke 12, in a direction which tends to rewind the safety line 13 back onto the drum 11.
- One preferred type of rewinding mechanism is a coiled spring of the clockspring type. Many suitable rewinding mechanisms of this and other types are well known, so this will not be described in detail herein.
- the drum 11 is also connected to the yoke 12 by a speed sensitive clutch 17.
- the speed sensitive clutch 17 is arranged to allow the drum 11 to rotate freely in a direction paying out the safety line 13 from the drum 11 at rotational speeds below a threshold speed, but to respond to rotation speeds at or above the threshold speed in the paying out direction by locking the drum 11 to the yoke 12, preventing further rotation of the drum 11 in the direction paying out the safety line 13 from the drum 11.
- the mechanism of the speed sensitive clutch 17 is arranged to emit an audible click as the drum 11 rotates in either direction in order to provide an audible indication of proper operation to the user.
- the safety block 10 has an outer cover 18 to protect the other parts of the safety block 10.
- the drum 11 and linear energy absorber 15 are linked by the yoke 12 so that the load path between the safety line 13 and the attachment eye 14 is provided by the drum 11, speed sensitive clutch 17, yoke 12 and linear energy absorber 15.
- the outer cover 18 does not form part of the load path and only has a protective and aesthetic function. As a result, because the outer cover 18 is not load bearing it can be formed of a thin plastics material for light weight and cheapness.
- the safety block 10 is suspended from a fixed supporting structure (not shown) using the attachment eye 14 over a region in which a user will be working, a required length of safety line 13 is payed out from the drum 11 and the free end of the safety line 13 is attached to a personal safety harness of the user.
- steps can be carried out in any convenient order, as required to set up the system.
- the user can then move around the region as desired.
- the safety line 13 will be payed out from the drum 11 as required by the users movement, and the rewinding mechanism 16 will automatically rewind any excess safety line 13 back onto the drum 11 in normal use.
- the threshold speed of the speed sensitive clutch 17 is set high enough that it will not be reached during normal movement of the user so that the drum 11 can rotate freely and movement of the user is not interfered with.
- the safety line 13 will be pulled out from the drum 11 at an increasing speed until the speed of rotation of the drum 11 reaches the threshold speed of the speed sensitive clutch 17.
- the speed sensitive clutch 17 will then lock the drum 11 to the yoke 12, stopping further rotation of the drum 11 in the paying out direction.
- the linear energy absorber 15 When the speed sensitive clutch 17 has locked the drum 11 to the yoke 12 the load along the safety line 13, in the event of a fall the load due to the weight and momentum of the falling user, is applied to the linear energy absorber 15. If this load is above the deployment load of the linear energy absorber 15, the linear energy absorber 15 will begin deployment and the stainless steel strip 15a will be deployed from the coil store 15b through the deforming means 15c. As a result, the yoke 12 and attached parts of the safety block 10 will move downwards away from the attachment eye 14 and the supporting structure. As the linear energy absorber 15 deploys, it absorbs energy and so slows and ultimately stops the falling user. When the user's fall has been arrested the user will remain suspended from the safety block 10 by the safety line 13 until the user is recovered, or is able to recover himself.
- the linear energy absorber will not deploy and the safety block will behave like a rigid body. This could occur, for example, if the user was to tug sharply on the safety line 13 to test the speed sensitive clutch 17.
- the exact value of the deployment load at which the linear energy absorber 15 begins deployment can be selected as required in a particular use.
- the deployment load should be significantly greater than the anticipated weight of any user and their carried equipment in order to ensure that the linear energy absorber 15 properly arrests the fall of the user.
- the length of the stainless steel strip 15a in the coil store 15b and the deployment load required to deploy the stainless steel strip 15a through the deforming means 15c should be selected so the total amount of energy which will be absorbed by the linear energy absorber 15 before the end of the stainless steel strip 15a is reached is significantly greater than the maximum amount of energy which will need to be absorbed in a worst case fall situation.
- the speed sensitive clutch 17 is arranged so that when the speed sensitive clutch 17 has locked the drum 11 to the yoke 12 it will then remain locked until the tension and safety block 13 is reduced to zero or a very low value. This ensures that after a fall has been arrested the drum 11 remains locked, so preventing further falls or uncontrolled descent. It is particularly preferred that the speed sensitive clutch 17 is arranged so that when the speed sensitive clutch 17 has locked the drum 11 to the yoke 12, it can only be unlocked by movement of the drum 11 in the direction winding the safety line 13 back onto the drum 11. This means that it is necessary to reduce the load on the safety block 10 to a sufficiently low level that the winding mechanism 16 can move the drum 11 back in the rewind direction in order to release the speed sensitive clutch 17 and unlock the drum 11.
- all of the components of the safety block 10 forming part of the load path between the user and the supporting structure are designed to be able to support a load at least double the maximum deployment load of the linear energy absorber 15 when the linear energy absorber 15 is fully deployed and further deployment is prevented by the end stop 15f.
- the deployment load of a linear energy absorber is determined by the dimensions and the material properties of its components and not upon loads applied to the components, as in a friction disc type device. As a result, it is easier and simpler to assemble a safety device according to the present invention than the prior art devices using friction discs. Further, the loads required to plastically deform materials are based upon the bulk properties of the materials so that linear energy absorbers of this type are inherently less prone to changes in their properties due to contamination and other enviromental effects over time than the known frictional devices which are dependent on surface properties.
- the deployment of the linear energy absorber 15 results in a permanent vertical movement of the safety block 10 away from the attachment eye 14 and supporting structure which is easily visible even from a distance, so that it is immediately apparent that a fall arrest event has occurred and that appropriate checking and replacement of parts should be carried out.
- the linear energy absorber may be arranged to reveal a region having a colour contrasting to the casing of the safety block when deployment takes place to ensure that even a small amount of deployment is easily visible.
- the present invention allows the problems encountered in the prior art to be overcome.
- a safety block 20 according to a second embodiment of the invention is shown in Figure 5 .
- the safety block 20 according to the second embodiment of the invention is generally similar to the safety block 10 of the first embodiment and has most parts the same.
- the safety block 20 according to the second embodiment has a linear energy absorber 21 comprising deforming means 21 c mounted on a frame 22 and a stainless steel strip 21 a arranged in a coil store 21b located within the frame 22.
- the linear energy absorber 21 is located within the yoke 12 between the arms 12a and 12b but the component parts of the linear energy absorber 21 are connected to the frame 22 of the linear energy absorber 21 and not directly to the yoke 12.
- the safety block 20 has a modular structure with the linear energy absorber 21 formed as a separate module within and attached to frame 22.
- the linear energy absorber 21 can be removed and replaced as a unit, allowing the safety block 20 to be quickly and easily returned to service.
- a safety block according to a third embodiment of the invention is shown in Figures 6 and 7 .
- the safety block 30 according to the third embodiment of the invention is generally similar to the safety blocks 10 and 20 of the first and second embodiments and has most parts the same.
- the safety block 30 has a modular structure similar to the second embodiment with a linear energy absorber 31 formed as a separate module within and attached to a frame 32.
- the linear energy absorber 31 can be removed and replaced as a unit, allowing the safety block 30 to be quickly and easily returned to service.
- the linear energy absorber 31 is an alternative design to that used in the first and second embodiments, but is also of the type which absorbs energy by passing a strip of plastically deformable material from a coil store through deforming means.
- the linear energy absorber 31 of the third embodiment comprises a stainless steel strip 31a connected at a first end 3 1 d to the attachment eye 14.
- the other end 31e of the stainless steel strip 31a is formed into a coiled store located within the frame 32 and has an end stop 31f.
- Deforming means 31c is attached to an upper end piece 32a of the frame 32 and the stainless steel strip 31a passes through the deforming means 31c between the first end 31d and the coiled store 31b.
- the deforming means 31c of the third embodiment comprises a curved slot 31g through which the stainless steel strip 31a passes and a curved bearing surface 31h shaped to receive the part of the stainless steel strip 31a forming the outer surface of the coiled store.
- the deforming means 31c is arranged so that coiled store of steel strip 31a is supported by the curved bearing surface 31h as it rotates and the steel strip 31a is deployed out of the coiled store and through the curved slot 31g.
- the steel strip 31a undergoes plastic deformation as it is deployed from the coiled store and passes through the slot 31g, so absorbing energy.
- the end stop 31f is provided as a safety precaution, similarly to the first embodiment.
- the deforming means 31 c is formed from a plastics material.
- the linear energy absorber 31 of the third embodiment has the advantage of being particularly compact and mechanically simple.
- a linear energy absorber of the constant force type which has an essentially constant deployment load required to continue deployment of the energy absorber across the full range of deployment. That is, in the illustrated embodiments, the deployment load required to deploy the stainless steel strip from the coil store through the deforming means is constant along the full length of the strip.
- This arrangement is usually preferred because if the linear energy absorber is arranged so that this constant deployment load is the maximum load which can be safely applied to the user during a fall arrest event, the amount of energy absorbed is maximised and the duration and length of fall of the user is minimised.
- energy absorbers having a variable deployment load could be used if preferred in particular applications.
- the speed sensitive clutch is preferably a clutch of the rocking pawl type. However, a centrifugal clutch may also be used.
- the above description refers to height safety systems for arresting a fall by a user. This is the most common application of a height safety system. However, the present invention can also be used in a height safety system to arrest falls by objects, for example, equipment being used or moved at height.
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Abstract
Description
- This invention relates to an improved safety device and particularly to an improved safety device for use in a fall arrest system.
- Fall arrest systems are used to prevent personnel working at height from suffering injury or death due to falls. Fall arrest systems are also commonly referred to as height safety systems or fall prevention systems.
- One common form of fall arrest system (f.i.
WO 95/19203 safety block 1, as shown inFigure 1 . Thesafety block 1 comprises a safety line orcable 2 wound around adrum 3 mounted for rotation within acasing 4. Thecasing 4 includes attachment means 5 for attaching the safety block to a fixed support structure (not shown). Thedrum 3 is biassed by a tensioning and re-spoolingdevice 6 in a direction of rotation acting to tension thesafety line 2 and wind it onto thedrum 3. Thedrum 3 is selectively connected to abrake 8 through a speedsensitive clutch 9, the speedsensitive clutch 9 being arranged to allow free rotation of thedrum 3 at low speeds of rotation and to engage thedrum 3 to thebrake 8 at high speeds of rotation above an activation speed. Thebrake 8 comprises a pair ofopposed friction discs disc 8a being fixed to thecasing 4 and theother disc 8b being arranged to rotate together with thedrum 3 when theclutch 9 is engaged. - As shown in
Figure 2 , in use thesafety block 1 is attached to a fixed support structure above a region in which a user to be protected is working. The user wears a personal safety harness and attaches the end of thesafety line 2 to the harness. The user can then move around the region below the safety block, including ascending and descending any structures within the region, as necessary. As the user moves, the tensioning andspooling mechanism 6 allows thedrum 3 to rotate to pay out thesafety line 2 as required to allow the movement and also causes thedrum 3 to rotate to reel in thesafety line 2 as required so that there is no slack in thesafety line 2. - Normal movement of the user will result only in slow rotation of the
drum 3 at speeds below the activation speed of theclutch 9. If the user falls, thesafety line 2 will be pulled out and thedrum 3 rotated at a rapidly accelerating speed until the speed of thedrum 3 reaches the activation speed of the speedsensitive clutch 9. The speedsensitive clutch 8 will then engages thedrum 3 with thebrake 8. The energy of the user's fall is then absorbed by friction in thebrake 8 until the fall is arrested, and rotation of thedrum 3 is stopped. - However, there are a number of problems with known systems of this type.
- Firstly, in order for the fall arrest system to safely and reliably stop a falling user, the braking force applied to the safety line by rotation of the drum against the friction brake must be precisely controlled. If the braking force is too low, the user will continue falling for an undesirably long distance before the fall is stopped. This results in an increased risk that the user will strike the ground or some other obstacle before their fall is stopped, so increasing the risk of injury or death. Further, as the distance fallen by the user gets larger the total amount of energy which must be absorbed and dissipated by the brake is increased, requiring a larger and more robust brake, for safety. If the braking force is too high, the force which is applied to the user by the safety block can become high enough to injure the user or cause damage or failure of the user's safety harness. The braking force applied to the drum by the brake in known systems is highly sensitive to the surface condition of the opposed faces of the friction disks and the degree of loading. As a result, it is difficult and complex to assemble the safety block so that the degree of loading of the friction disks is correctly set to provide the desired braking force. Further, there is a risk that the surface properties of the friction disks or the amount of loading between them will change over time, particularly in dirty working environments, so that regular inspection, checking and adjustment of the safety blocks is required to ensure safe and reliable operation.
- In addition, in fall arrest systems it is generally required that after a fall arrest event has occurred, the system is checked and any components which may have suffered damage are replaced, in order to ensure future reliable operation of the system. This is particularly important in known safety block systems because the friction disks will suffer wear or damage when a fall arrest occurs, at least sufficient to affect the braking force, so that replacement of at least these parts of the brake is necessary after each fall arrest event.
- However, known safety blocks do not inherently provide any indication that a fall arrest event has occurred, so that if a fall is not reported by the user the safety block or other parts of the safety system which have been exposed to fall arrest loads can be dangerously maintained in use without testing or replacement.
- The present invention was made in an attempt to overcome these problems, at least in part.
- In a first aspect, this invention provides a safety device suitable for use in a fall arrest system, and comprising: a body, attachment means for attaching the safety device to a support structure, a drum mounted for rotation relative to the body, a safety line wound on the drum, a speed sensitive clutch connected to the drum, and a linear energy absorber connecting the body to the attachment means, in which the speed sensitive clutch is adapted to respond to rotation of the drum relative to the body in a direction tending to unwind the safety line from the drum and above a predetermined speed by locking the drum against further rotation in said direction relative to the body, and the linear energy absorber is adapted to respond, when the speed sensitive clutch has locked the drum, to an applied load along the safety line greater than a threshold value by deploying and absorbing energy so that the attachment means moves away from the body.
- The use of a linear energy absorber according to the invention to absorb the fall energy allows the braking force to be precisely controlled with a more simply and more easily set device. Further, the device is less prone to change over time, even in dirty environments, so that inspection, checking and adjustment is required less frequently.
- Further, the deployment of the linear energy absorber results in a permanent vertical movement of the safety device away from the attachment means and supporting structure which is easily visible even from a distance, so that it is immediately apparent that a fall arrest event has occurred and that appropriate checking and replacement of parts should be carried out.
- Preferred embodiments of the invention will now be described in detail, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying figures, in which:
-
Figure 1 shows a known safety block; -
Figure 2 shows a height safety system including the safety block offigure 1 ; -
Figure 3 shows a first view of a safety device according to a first embodiment of the invention; -
Figure 4 shows a second view of the safety device offigure 3 ; -
Figure 5 shows a safety device according to a second embodiment of the invention; -
Figure 6 shows a first view of a safety device according to a third embodiment of the invention; and -
Figure 7 shows a second view of the safety device offigure 6 . - A
safety block 10 according to a first embodiment of the invention and suitable for use in a height safety system is shown inFigures 3 and 4 . - The
safety block 10 according to the first embodiment of the invention comprises adrum 11 mounted for rotation in ayoke 12. Theyoke 12 comprises twoparallel arms upper end pieces drum 11 is retained for rotation between theparallel arms - A safety line or
cable 13 is wound around thedrum 11 with a free end passing through ahole 18 in thelower end piece 12c of theyoke 12 and able to hang below thesafety block 10. Thesafety line 13 has a connection means (not shown) suitable for connection to a personal safety harness of a user located at or near to it's free end. - As a safety precaution, it is preferred that the opposite end of the
safety line 13 is secured to thedrum 11 so that thesafety line 13 cannot be released from thesafety block 10 even when fully unwound. - In order to further protect a user, a further energy absorber may be provided as part of the connection means or the personal safety harness. An energy absorber of the rip out fabric type which absorbs energy by tearing stitches between multiple layers of fabric cloth or webbing as the layers are pulled apart is particularly suitable for use as such a further energy absorber.
- The
safety block 10 further comprises a linear energy absorber 15 mounted on theyoke 12 and anattachment eye 14 suitable for attaching the safety block to a fixed supporting structure at the upper end of thesafety block 10. Theattachment eye 14 is connected to theyoke 12 through the linear energy absorber 15 so that the linear energy absorber 15 is responsive to tensile loads between theattachment eye 14 and theyoke 12. - The linear energy absorber 15 has a predetermined deployment threshold load. That is, the
linear energy absorber 15 does not respond to applied tensile loads below the deployment threshold, but responds to applied tensile loads above the deployment threshold by deploying and increasing in length while resisting the applied tensile load and so absorbing energy. - Thus, the linear energy absorber 15 is arranged to connect the
attachment eye 14 to theyoke 12 rigidly with a fixed distance between them while the tensile load between theyoke 12 and theattachment eye 14 is below the predetermined deployment threshold load of the linear energy absorber 15. If the tensile load between theattachment eye 14 and theyoke 12 exceeds this deployment load, the energy absorber 15 will respond by deploying and lengthening, so allowing theyoke 12 to move away from theattachment eye 14, and absorbing energy. - In principle, any type of linear energy absorber having suitable characteristics can be used. Preferably, the linear energy absorber is of the type which deploys and absorbs energy by plastic deformation of a part of the energy absorber or the rip out fabric type which absorbs energy by tearing stitches between multiple layers of fabric cloth or webbing as the layers are pulled apart. Most preferably, the linear energy absorber is of the type which deploys and absorbs energy by plastic deformation of a part of the energy absorber.
- A particularly preferred type of
linear energy absorber 15 is shown in the illustrated first embodiment. This linear energy absorber 15 is of the type which absorbs energy by passing a strip of plastically deformable material from a coil store through deforming means. - The linear energy absorber 15 comprises a
stainless steel strip 15a connected at afirst end 15d to theattachment eye 14. Theother end 15e of thestainless steel strip 15a is formed into a coiledstore 15b located between thearms yoke 12 and has anend stop 15f. Deforming means 15c is attached to theupper end piece 12d of theyoke 12 and thestainless steel strip 15a passes through the deforming means 15c between thefirst end 15d and the coiledstore 15b. The deforming means 15c preferably comprises a series ofcurved surfaces 15g in contact with thestainless steel strip 15a and arranged so that thesteel strip 15a undergoes plastic deformation as it passes through the deforming means 15c. However, alternative arrangements, such as using pins or rollers to deform the steel strip, could be used. - The
end stop 15f is provided as a safety precaution. If all of thestainless steel strip 15a is deployed so that thelinear energy absorber 15 reaches the end of its deployment, theend stop 15f will stop the further deployment and so prevent thestainless steel strip 15a from being released from the deforming means 15c. As a result, thesafety block 10 cannot become released from the fixed supporting structure. - The
drum 11 is connected to theyoke 12 by arewinding mechanism 16. When a length of thesafety line 13 is payed out from thesafety block 10 therewinding mechanism 16 applies a small torque to thedrum 11 relative to theyoke 12, in a direction which tends to rewind thesafety line 13 back onto thedrum 11. One preferred type of rewinding mechanism is a coiled spring of the clockspring type. Many suitable rewinding mechanisms of this and other types are well known, so this will not be described in detail herein. - The
drum 11 is also connected to theyoke 12 by a speedsensitive clutch 17. The speedsensitive clutch 17 is arranged to allow thedrum 11 to rotate freely in a direction paying out thesafety line 13 from thedrum 11 at rotational speeds below a threshold speed, but to respond to rotation speeds at or above the threshold speed in the paying out direction by locking thedrum 11 to theyoke 12, preventing further rotation of thedrum 11 in the direction paying out thesafety line 13 from thedrum 11. - There is no requirement for the speed sensitive clutch 17 to respond to rotation of the
drum 11 in the direction winding thesafety line 13 onto thedrum 11. - Preferably the mechanism of the speed
sensitive clutch 17 is arranged to emit an audible click as thedrum 11 rotates in either direction in order to provide an audible indication of proper operation to the user. - Finally, the
safety block 10 has anouter cover 18 to protect the other parts of thesafety block 10. Thedrum 11 andlinear energy absorber 15 are linked by theyoke 12 so that the load path between thesafety line 13 and theattachment eye 14 is provided by thedrum 11, speedsensitive clutch 17,yoke 12 andlinear energy absorber 15. Theouter cover 18 does not form part of the load path and only has a protective and aesthetic function. As a result, because theouter cover 18 is not load bearing it can be formed of a thin plastics material for light weight and cheapness. - In use, the
safety block 10 is suspended from a fixed supporting structure (not shown) using theattachment eye 14 over a region in which a user will be working, a required length ofsafety line 13 is payed out from thedrum 11 and the free end of thesafety line 13 is attached to a personal safety harness of the user. These steps can be carried out in any convenient order, as required to set up the system. - The user can then move around the region as desired. The
safety line 13 will be payed out from thedrum 11 as required by the users movement, and therewinding mechanism 16 will automatically rewind anyexcess safety line 13 back onto thedrum 11 in normal use. The threshold speed of the speedsensitive clutch 17 is set high enough that it will not be reached during normal movement of the user so that thedrum 11 can rotate freely and movement of the user is not interfered with. - If the user falls, the
safety line 13 will be pulled out from thedrum 11 at an increasing speed until the speed of rotation of thedrum 11 reaches the threshold speed of the speedsensitive clutch 17. The speedsensitive clutch 17 will then lock thedrum 11 to theyoke 12, stopping further rotation of thedrum 11 in the paying out direction. - When the speed
sensitive clutch 17 has locked thedrum 11 to theyoke 12 the load along thesafety line 13, in the event of a fall the load due to the weight and momentum of the falling user, is applied to thelinear energy absorber 15. If this load is above the deployment load of thelinear energy absorber 15, thelinear energy absorber 15 will begin deployment and thestainless steel strip 15a will be deployed from thecoil store 15b through the deforming means 15c. As a result, theyoke 12 and attached parts of thesafety block 10 will move downwards away from theattachment eye 14 and the supporting structure. As thelinear energy absorber 15 deploys, it absorbs energy and so slows and ultimately stops the falling user. When the user's fall has been arrested the user will remain suspended from thesafety block 10 by thesafety line 13 until the user is recovered, or is able to recover himself. - If the load along the
safety line 13 is less than the deployment load of thelinear energy absorber 15, the linear energy absorber will not deploy and the safety block will behave like a rigid body. This could occur, for example, if the user was to tug sharply on thesafety line 13 to test the speedsensitive clutch 17. - The exact value of the deployment load at which the
linear energy absorber 15 begins deployment can be selected as required in a particular use. The deployment load should be significantly greater than the anticipated weight of any user and their carried equipment in order to ensure that thelinear energy absorber 15 properly arrests the fall of the user. - In practice, the length of the
stainless steel strip 15a in thecoil store 15b and the deployment load required to deploy thestainless steel strip 15a through the deforming means 15c should be selected so the total amount of energy which will be absorbed by thelinear energy absorber 15 before the end of thestainless steel strip 15a is reached is significantly greater than the maximum amount of energy which will need to be absorbed in a worst case fall situation. - Preferably, the speed
sensitive clutch 17 is arranged so that when the speedsensitive clutch 17 has locked thedrum 11 to theyoke 12 it will then remain locked until the tension andsafety block 13 is reduced to zero or a very low value. This ensures that after a fall has been arrested thedrum 11 remains locked, so preventing further falls or uncontrolled descent. It is particularly preferred that the speedsensitive clutch 17 is arranged so that when the speedsensitive clutch 17 has locked thedrum 11 to theyoke 12, it can only be unlocked by movement of thedrum 11 in the direction winding thesafety line 13 back onto thedrum 11. This means that it is necessary to reduce the load on thesafety block 10 to a sufficiently low level that the windingmechanism 16 can move thedrum 11 back in the rewind direction in order to release the speedsensitive clutch 17 and unlock thedrum 11. - Preferably all of the components of the
safety block 10 forming part of the load path between the user and the supporting structure are designed to be able to support a load at least double the maximum deployment load of thelinear energy absorber 15 when thelinear energy absorber 15 is fully deployed and further deployment is prevented by theend stop 15f. - The deployment load of a linear energy absorber, particularly a linear energy absorber of the described plastic deformation type, is determined by the dimensions and the material properties of its components and not upon loads applied to the components, as in a friction disc type device. As a result, it is easier and simpler to assemble a safety device according to the present invention than the prior art devices using friction discs. Further, the loads required to plastically deform materials are based upon the bulk properties of the materials so that linear energy absorbers of this type are inherently less prone to changes in their properties due to contamination and other enviromental effects over time than the known frictional devices which are dependent on surface properties.
- Further, the deployment of the
linear energy absorber 15 results in a permanent vertical movement of thesafety block 10 away from theattachment eye 14 and supporting structure which is easily visible even from a distance, so that it is immediately apparent that a fall arrest event has occurred and that appropriate checking and replacement of parts should be carried out. - Optionally, the linear energy absorber may be arranged to reveal a region having a colour contrasting to the casing of the safety block when deployment takes place to ensure that even a small amount of deployment is easily visible.
- Accordingly, the present invention allows the problems encountered in the prior art to be overcome.
- A
safety block 20 according to a second embodiment of the invention is shown inFigure 5 . Thesafety block 20 according to the second embodiment of the invention is generally similar to thesafety block 10 of the first embodiment and has most parts the same. However, thesafety block 20 according to the second embodiment has alinear energy absorber 21 comprising deforming means 21 c mounted on aframe 22 and astainless steel strip 21 a arranged in acoil store 21b located within theframe 22. In the second embodiment, thelinear energy absorber 21 is located within theyoke 12 between thearms linear energy absorber 21 are connected to theframe 22 of thelinear energy absorber 21 and not directly to theyoke 12. - Thus, the
safety block 20 according to the second embodiment has a modular structure with thelinear energy absorber 21 formed as a separate module within and attached to frame 22. As a result, after a fall arrest event, thelinear energy absorber 21 can be removed and replaced as a unit, allowing thesafety block 20 to be quickly and easily returned to service. - A safety block according to a third embodiment of the invention is shown in
Figures 6 and 7 . Thesafety block 30 according to the third embodiment of the invention is generally similar to the safety blocks 10 and 20 of the first and second embodiments and has most parts the same. - The
safety block 30 according to the third embodiment has a modular structure similar to the second embodiment with alinear energy absorber 31 formed as a separate module within and attached to aframe 32. In the same way as the second embodiment, after a fall arrest event, thelinear energy absorber 31 can be removed and replaced as a unit, allowing thesafety block 30 to be quickly and easily returned to service. - In the
safety block 30, thelinear energy absorber 31 is an alternative design to that used in the first and second embodiments, but is also of the type which absorbs energy by passing a strip of plastically deformable material from a coil store through deforming means. - The
linear energy absorber 31 of the third embodiment comprises astainless steel strip 31a connected at afirst end 3 1 d to theattachment eye 14. Theother end 31e of thestainless steel strip 31a is formed into a coiled store located within theframe 32 and has anend stop 31f. Deforming means 31c is attached to anupper end piece 32a of theframe 32 and thestainless steel strip 31a passes through the deforming means 31c between thefirst end 31d and thecoiled store 31b. - The deforming means 31c of the third embodiment comprises a
curved slot 31g through which thestainless steel strip 31a passes and acurved bearing surface 31h shaped to receive the part of thestainless steel strip 31a forming the outer surface of the coiled store. The deforming means 31c is arranged so that coiled store ofsteel strip 31a is supported by thecurved bearing surface 31h as it rotates and thesteel strip 31a is deployed out of the coiled store and through thecurved slot 31g. Thesteel strip 31a undergoes plastic deformation as it is deployed from the coiled store and passes through theslot 31g, so absorbing energy. - The
end stop 31f is provided as a safety precaution, similarly to the first embodiment. - Preferably, the deforming means 31 c is formed from a plastics material.
- The
linear energy absorber 31 of the third embodiment has the advantage of being particularly compact and mechanically simple. - In all of the embodiments of the present invention, it will usually be preferred to use a linear energy absorber of the constant force type which has an essentially constant deployment load required to continue deployment of the energy absorber across the full range of deployment. That is, in the illustrated embodiments, the deployment load required to deploy the stainless steel strip from the coil store through the deforming means is constant along the full length of the strip. This arrangement is usually preferred because if the linear energy absorber is arranged so that this constant deployment load is the maximum load which can be safely applied to the user during a fall arrest event, the amount of energy absorbed is maximised and the duration and length of fall of the user is minimised. However, energy absorbers having a variable deployment load could be used if preferred in particular applications.
- The speed sensitive clutch is preferably a clutch of the rocking pawl type. However, a centrifugal clutch may also be used.
- In the descriptions of the preferred embodiments set out above the use of a safety line or cable wound around the drum is referred to. This is not essential and other forms of elongate support such as a webbing strap could be used instead.
- The above description refers to height safety systems for arresting a fall by a user. This is the most common application of a height safety system. However, the present invention can also be used in a height safety system to arrest falls by objects, for example, equipment being used or moved at height.
- The embodiments discussed above are examples only and are not exhaustive. The skilled person will be able to envisage further alternatives within the scope of the present invention as defined by the attached claims.
Claims (11)
- A safety device suitable for use in a fall arrest system, and comprising:a body, attachment means (14) for attaching the safety device to a support structure, a drum (11) mounted for rotation relative to the body, a safety line (13) wound on the drum, a speed sensitive clutch connected to the drum (17), and a linear energy absorber (15) connecting the body to the attachment means, in which the speed sensitive clutch is adapted to respond to rotation of the drum relative to the body in a direction tending to unwind the safety line from the drum and above a predetermined speed by locking the drum against further rotation in said direction relative to the body, and the linear energy absorber is adapted to respond, when the speed sensitive clutch has locked the drum, to an applied load along the safety line greater than a threshold value by deploying and absorbing energy so that the attachment means moves away from the body.
- A safety device according to claim 1, in which the linear energy absorber comprises a plastically deformable element which is plastically deformed to absorb energy when the linear energy absorber deploys.
- A safety device according to claim 2, in which the plastically deformable element is an elongate member which is plastically deformed by passing through a deforming means when the linear energy absorber deploys.
- A safety device according to claim 3, in which the elongate member is a strip or a round bar.
- A safety device according to claim 3 or claim 4, in which the elongate member is stainless steel.
- A safety device according to claim 1, in which the linear energy absorber comprises multiple layers of fabric linked by stitches, the layers of fabric being separated and the stitches torn out to absorb energy when the linear energy absorber deploys.
- A safety device according to any preceding claim, in which the linear energy absorber is modular and can be removed and replaced from the safety device as a single element.
- A safety device according to any preceding claim, in which the body includes a frame acting as a load path between the drum and the linear energy absorber, and the drum and linear energy absorber are located within the frame.
- A safety device according to any preceding claim, in which the speed sensitive clutch is arranged so that when the drum has been locked the load on the safety line must be reduced to zero to unlock the drum.
- A safety device according to any preceding claim, and further comprising a rewinding means adapted to bias the drum to rotate relative to the body in a direction tending to wind the safety line onto the drum.
- A safety device according to claim 9, in which the speed sensitive clutch is arranged so that then the drum has been locked the drum must be rotated by the rewinding means in a direction tending to wind the safety line onto the drum in order to unlock the drum.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB0523254A GB2432140A (en) | 2005-11-15 | 2005-11-15 | Fall arrest safety device |
GB0614089A GB2432141B8 (en) | 2005-11-15 | 2006-07-14 | Safety block |
PCT/GB2006/004098 WO2007057636A1 (en) | 2005-11-15 | 2006-11-02 | Safety device |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1948324A1 EP1948324A1 (en) | 2008-07-30 |
EP1948324B1 true EP1948324B1 (en) | 2010-12-01 |
Family
ID=37692660
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP06808395A Active EP1948324B1 (en) | 2005-11-15 | 2006-11-02 | Safety device |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1948324B1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU2006314264B2 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2007057636A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US11745035B2 (en) | 2019-01-14 | 2023-09-05 | Msa Technology, Llc | Fall protection compliance system and method |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2451799B (en) * | 2007-05-16 | 2011-12-14 | Latchways Plc | Safety device |
WO2009047470A1 (en) * | 2007-10-12 | 2009-04-16 | Latchways Plc | Rotary drum and safety line system |
NZ583900A (en) * | 2007-10-12 | 2013-01-25 | Latchways Plc | Unwinding coil based rotational energy absorber for a fall arrest system |
GB2467953B (en) * | 2009-02-20 | 2013-07-17 | Latchways Plc | Fall arrest system safety device |
Family Cites Families (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO1995019203A1 (en) * | 1994-01-13 | 1995-07-20 | Barrow Hepburn Sala Limited | Speed responsive coupling device especially for fall arrest apparatus |
US6918464B2 (en) * | 1999-12-21 | 2005-07-19 | Keyguard Limited | Energy absorber |
US7857099B2 (en) * | 2001-04-24 | 2010-12-28 | Reliance Industries, Llc | Twin retractable for fall arrest |
ATE349441T1 (en) * | 2003-08-25 | 2007-01-15 | Boehringer Ingelheim Int | HALO ALKYL AND PIPERIDINE SUBSTITUTED BENZIMIDAZOLE DERIVATIVES |
-
2006
- 2006-11-02 WO PCT/GB2006/004098 patent/WO2007057636A1/en active Application Filing
- 2006-11-02 EP EP06808395A patent/EP1948324B1/en active Active
- 2006-11-02 AU AU2006314264A patent/AU2006314264B2/en not_active Ceased
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US11745035B2 (en) | 2019-01-14 | 2023-09-05 | Msa Technology, Llc | Fall protection compliance system and method |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1948324A1 (en) | 2008-07-30 |
WO2007057636A1 (en) | 2007-05-24 |
AU2006314264A1 (en) | 2007-05-24 |
AU2006314264B2 (en) | 2012-07-19 |
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