EP1946285B1 - Method, arrangement and monitoring device for navigation of aircraft and ground vehicles using satellite-assisted positioning - Google Patents

Method, arrangement and monitoring device for navigation of aircraft and ground vehicles using satellite-assisted positioning Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1946285B1
EP1946285B1 EP06793982A EP06793982A EP1946285B1 EP 1946285 B1 EP1946285 B1 EP 1946285B1 EP 06793982 A EP06793982 A EP 06793982A EP 06793982 A EP06793982 A EP 06793982A EP 1946285 B1 EP1946285 B1 EP 1946285B1
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Prior art keywords
aircraft
ground
information
control facility
previous
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1946285A1 (en
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Gerhard Raab
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Siemens AG
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Siemens AG
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08G—TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEMS
    • G08G5/00—Traffic control systems for aircraft, e.g. air-traffic control [ATC]
    • G08G5/0004—Transmission of traffic-related information to or from an aircraft
    • G08G5/0013—Transmission of traffic-related information to or from an aircraft with a ground station
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08G—TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEMS
    • G08G5/00—Traffic control systems for aircraft, e.g. air-traffic control [ATC]
    • G08G5/02—Automatic approach or landing aids, i.e. systems in which flight data of incoming planes are processed to provide landing data
    • G08G5/025—Navigation or guidance aids
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08G—TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEMS
    • G08G5/00—Traffic control systems for aircraft, e.g. air-traffic control [ATC]
    • G08G5/06—Traffic control systems for aircraft, e.g. air-traffic control [ATC] for control when on the ground
    • G08G5/065—Navigation or guidance aids, e.g. for taxiing or rolling

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the satellite-based navigation of ground vehicles and landed aircraft in the airport area.
  • Landing position and parking position can be several kilometers apart.
  • the pilot After landing, the pilot often has the problem that he can not immediately orient himself clearly. Reasons for this may be, for example, the size of the airport, the sudden change in the reference environment from the large airspace to the comparatively narrow floor space of an airport or difficult visibility. In many cases, especially when flying to the airport for the first time, the pilot has no indication of where his intended parking position is. In addition, the radio frequencies of the ground control, which could give him clues, are often overloaded. Also the signs of the airports, eg on the Rolling and apron railways (so-called taxiways), is neither optimal nor standardized.
  • the pilot of the apron control directs the pilot over radio to the intended position. It should be borne in mind that radio frequencies on the ground and in the air are so overloaded that there are Europe-wide programs aimed at significantly reducing radio traffic.
  • the speed of the pilots 'speech is so high or their intelligibility on the radio is so low that the pilots require the utmost concentration in order to understand the pilots' instructions and to be able to follow them.
  • the radio communication is always general and therefore listened to by all - and thus also by those who are not affected by a specific instruction that is given by radio. This further increases the requirements for the concentration of the pilots to reach the standing position, because they must constantly pay attention to whether an instruction is given to them at a particular moment.
  • the best-known solution is to carry maps with depictions of the geography of the airport on board the aircraft.
  • the cockpit crew will provide by default such maps for the actual destination airport, alternate airports and airports along the route that can be approached in case of emergency (so-called) Emergencies).
  • a further known solution is the so-called “Visual Guidance System”, in which light sources (so-called firing) let into a center line of the taxiways are fed to the pilot, e.g. by a green running light the way to its parking position points.
  • This technology is very expensive to implement and therefore rarely used (e.g., London Heathrow Airport and Hong Kong).
  • the aim of the invention is to make the ground navigation of aircraft and ground vehicles at airports safer and more effective. This object is achieved on the basis of the descriptive part of claims 1, 15 and 16 by the characterizing part of these claims.
  • a first embodiment relates to an aircraft F in the approach to an airport ( Fig. 3 ).
  • the aircraft F has a navigation system N ( Fig. 2 ) on board, which determines its geographical position at regular intervals via satellite-based positioning (GPS).
  • the navigation system N is connected via a transmitting and receiving device SEV-F to a communication network KN ( Fig. 2 ).
  • control device KE Also connected to this communication network KN are a control device KE and a memory S, which can also be used via transmission and reception systems SEV-KE, SEV-S ( Fig. 2 ) feature.
  • the control device KE In order to ensure a safe and orderly clearance of the aircraft F on the ground, is the control device KE before or during the approach of the aircraft F a the Aircraft F assigned final target position ZP formed on the ground and transmitted to a memory S ( Fig. 1 ).
  • updated and / or demand-dependent updated, digitized topographical information TI with regard to the conditions at the airport floor, such as runways, aprons, gates, construction sites, danger spots and blockages are stored in the memory S ( Fig. 1 ).
  • Route information RI is also stored in this memory S via the optimum route of the aircraft F from its landing position to its target position ZP on the ground. In doing so, short-term traffic congestion and other air and ground traffic can be taken into account when calculating this route ( Fig. 1 ).
  • a communication link is established in the approach by way of the communication network between the aircraft F and the memory S. Does the aircraft F in landing approach this predetermined area by a predetermined geographical position VP ( Fig. 3 ), this is reported to the memory S and recognized in this.
  • an existing mobile communication technology and its protocols such as GSM, GPRS, UMTS or WiMAX, are advantageously used in particular.
  • the topographical information TI which contain at least the destination position ZP and the route information RI, are transmitted from the memory S to the navigation system N ( Fig. 1 . 2 ).
  • This information TI, ZP and RI can then be displayed in the aircraft F in the form of an electronic map display on a display device ( Fig. 5 ).
  • the pilot can move the aircraft F directly to the target position ZP without first having to orientate himself at the airport. Even complex radio-controlled contact with the control device KE is no longer required for ground navigation. The pilot can simply follow the display on the display device, which may even indicate further traffic information, in particular holding bids or restrictions on the roll speed, danger spots ( Fig. 5 ).
  • a communication connection can be set up again at any time in order to transmit again updated topographical information TI to the navigation system N.
  • the aircraft may be assigned a new route via updated route information RI.
  • the aircraft F can also be assigned a different target position ZP.
  • a further exemplary embodiment relates to the coordinated use of ground vehicles BF, here by way of example the refueling of the aircraft F by a tanker vehicle.
  • the aircraft After landing an aircraft F and reaching the target position ZP, the aircraft is dispatched. This includes, among other things, the refueling to allow the onward flight to the next destination.
  • control device KE decides which of the tank vehicles undertakes this refueling task. So far, this information has been transmitted to the ground vehicle BF mainly by means of a written order and radio.
  • the tanker has a GPS positioning system. In addition to the pure position determination, it is also a standard function of GPS systems to provide speed information due to time measurement and determination of the distance covered.
  • control device KE has instructed a specific ground vehicle to refuel the aircraft F at a certain gate, then the corresponding action information AI and the ground target information BZI are transmitted to the ground vehicle.
  • the controller has had to set up a radiotelephone connection to determine the reason for the delay (so-called "escalation”).
  • escalation a simple look at the display device is sufficient. There it can be seen immediately that the tanker has been waiting for a short time (speed 0) and just swings the aircraft into its parking position. Since the aircraft can normally only be refueled when all passengers have left, it makes sense to immediately assign this tanker to another acute order to eliminate waiting times and to make better use of resources.
  • a monitoring authority of the ground handling must perform no "escalation" for the previously overdue refueling, if the control device KE is recognizable that the refueling vehicle is currently on the way to the corresponding aircraft. This noticeably reduces the coordination effort, resulting in labor savings.
  • the invention is not limited to the embodiment, but can also be used for controlling other aircraft and ground vehicles such as luggage or catering vehicles. These vehicles are to be designed according to the invention.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Traffic Control Systems (AREA)
  • Position Fixing By Use Of Radio Waves (AREA)
  • Radio Relay Systems (AREA)
  • Control Of Position, Course, Altitude, Or Attitude Of Moving Bodies (AREA)
  • Navigation (AREA)

Abstract

On reaching an approach area to a destination airport, the aircraft is provided with up-to-date topographical information and route information in addition to a destination position on the ground. Wireless communication technologies, such as GSM, GPRS, UMTS, WLan, WiMax, and the like are used to transmit this information. Advantageously, the transmitted information can be displayed on a commercially available navigation system on board the aircraft and can be used for navigation on the ground.

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf die Satelliten-gestützte Navigation von Bodenfahrzeugen und gelandeten Luftfahrzeugen im Flughafenbereich.The invention relates to the satellite-based navigation of ground vehicles and landed aircraft in the airport area.

Für den reibungslosen Ablauf des Luftverkehrs spielt nicht nur eine sichere und effektive Bewegung der Luftfahrzeuge während des Fluges eine Rolle. Auch ihre Bewegungen am Boden sind hierfür von großer Bedeutung. Vor dem Start muss das Luftfahrzeug von seiner Abstellposition zu seiner Startposition bewegt werden. Nach der Landung muss es von seiner Landeposition zu seiner Abstellposition, die sich häufig an einer Abfertigungsposition (sog. Gate) befindet, bewegt werden.Not only a safe and effective movement of the aircraft during the flight plays a role in the smooth flow of air traffic. Their movements on the ground are also of great importance for this. Before take-off, the aircraft must be moved from its parking position to its starting position. After landing, it must be moved from its landing position to its parking position, which is often located at a check-in position (so-called gate).

Nach der Landung eines Luftfahrzeugs hat der Pilot die Aufgabe, das Luftfahrzeug an die ihm von einer Kontrolleinrichtung (z.B. einer Einsatzzentrale im Flughafen-Tower) zugewiesene Abstellposition zügig und sicher zu bewegen. Dabei können Landeposition und Abstellposition mehrere Kilometer voneinander entfernt sein.After landing an aircraft, the pilot has the task of moving the aircraft quickly and safely to the parking position assigned to it by a control device (e.g., an operations center in the airport tower). Landing position and parking position can be several kilometers apart.

Der Pilot hat dabei nach der Landung häufig das Problem, sich nicht sofort eindeutig orientieren zu können. Gründe hierfür können z.B. die Größe des Flughafens, die plötzliche Änderung des Bezugsumfelds vom weitläufigen Luftraum zum vergleichsweise engen Bodenraum eines Flughafens oder schwierige Sichtverhältnisse sein. Der Pilot hat in vielen Fällen, insbesondere wenn er den Flughafen zum ersten Mal anfliegt, keinen Hinweis darauf, wo sich seine vorgesehene Abstellposition befindet. Hinzukommt, dass die Funkfrequenzen der Bodenkontrolle, die ihm Hinweise geben könnte, häufig überlastet sind. Auch die Beschilderung der Flughäfen, z.B. auf den Roll- und Vorfeldbahnen (sog. Taxiways), ist weder optimal noch standardisiert.After landing, the pilot often has the problem that he can not immediately orient himself clearly. Reasons for this may be, for example, the size of the airport, the sudden change in the reference environment from the large airspace to the comparatively narrow floor space of an airport or difficult visibility. In many cases, especially when flying to the airport for the first time, the pilot has no indication of where his intended parking position is. In addition, the radio frequencies of the ground control, which could give him clues, are often overloaded. Also the signs of the airports, eg on the Rolling and apron railways (so-called taxiways), is neither optimal nor standardized.

Die Problematik tritt insbesondere dann auf, wenn - z.B. aus Wetter- oder Sicherheitsgründen - Ausweichflughäfen (sog. Alternates) angeflogen werden müssen. Mit den dortigen Verhältnissen am Boden sind die Luftfahrzeugführer in vielen Fällen nicht vertraut, da sie bisher nur selten oder nie angeflogen wurden.The problem arises in particular when -. for weather or security reasons - alternative airports (so-called Alternates) must be approached. With the conditions there on the ground, the pilots are in many cases unfamiliar, as they have been rarely or never flown.

Grundsätzlich leitet der Lotse der Vorfeldkontrolle den Luftfahrzeugführer über Sprechfunk zur vorgesehenen Position. Dabei ist zu berücksichtigen, dass die Funkfrequenzen am Boden und in der Luft derart überlastet sind, dass es europaweite Programme gibt, die darauf abzielen, den Funkverkehr erheblich zu reduzieren.Basically, the pilot of the apron control directs the pilot over radio to the intended position. It should be borne in mind that radio frequencies on the ground and in the air are so overloaded that there are Europe-wide programs aimed at significantly reducing radio traffic.

Auf manchen Flughäfen ist das Sprechtempo der Lotsen derartig hoch oder ihre Verständlichkeit über den Sprechfunk derart gering, dass von den Luftfahrzeugführern höchste Konzentration erforderlich ist, um die Anweisungen der Lotsen zu verstehen und ihnen Folge leisten zu können. Erschwerend kommt hinzu, dass der Sprechfunkverkehr immer allgemein ist und damit von allen - und damit auch von denen, die von einer bestimmten Anweisung, die per Sprechfunk erteilt wird, nicht betroffen sind - mitgehört wird. Dies erhöht die Anforderungen an die Konzentration der Luftfahrzeugführer zum Erreichen der Standposition weiter, denn sie müssen ständig darauf achten, ob gerade ihnen in einem bestimmten Augenblick eine Anweisung erteilt wird.At some airports the speed of the pilots 'speech is so high or their intelligibility on the radio is so low that the pilots require the utmost concentration in order to understand the pilots' instructions and to be able to follow them. To make matters worse, the radio communication is always general and therefore listened to by all - and thus also by those who are not affected by a specific instruction that is given by radio. This further increases the requirements for the concentration of the pilots to reach the standing position, because they must constantly pay attention to whether an instruction is given to them at a particular moment.

Zögerndes Verhalten bei der Bewegung der Luftfahrzeuge auf Start-, Lande- und Vorfeldbahnen und an den Abstellpositionen wirken sich - gerade in ihrer Summe - negativ auf den gesamten Luft- und Bodenverkehr eines Flughafens aus. In vielen Fällen sind sie mitverantwortlich für die Entstehung von Verspätungen.Delays in the movement of aircraft on take-off, landing and apron lanes and at the parking positions - especially in their sum - have a negative impact on the total air and ground traffic of an airport. In many cases, they are partly responsible for causing delays.

Die bekannteste Lösung stellt das Mitführen von Kartenmaterial mit Darstellungen der geografischen Gegebenheiten des Flughafens an Bord des Luftfahrzeugs dar. Die Cockpit-Besatzung führt standardmäßig solches Kartenmaterial für den eigentlichen Zielflughafen, Ausweichflughäfen und Flughäfen entlang der Flugstrecke, die in Notfällen angeflogen werden können, (sog. Emergencies) mit.The best-known solution is to carry maps with depictions of the geography of the airport on board the aircraft. The cockpit crew will provide by default such maps for the actual destination airport, alternate airports and airports along the route that can be approached in case of emergency (so-called) Emergencies).

Die Nutzung solcher Karten für die Bewegung der Luftfahrzeuge am Boden ist jedoch nicht zwingend. Bei ihrer Nutzung ist außerdem eine gewisse Zeit erforderlich, um sich zu orientieren. Denn zunächst ist mit Hilfe des Bordkompasses die Karte nach Norden auszurichten ("einzunorden"). Dann ist die Kartenansicht mit dem in Übereinstimmung zu bringen, was für den Luftfahrzeugführer optisch aus dem Luftfahrzeug heraus erkennbar ist, z.B. markante Gebäude oder andere Anlagen.However, the use of such maps for the movement of the aircraft on the ground is not mandatory. In addition, a certain amount of time is required in their use to orient themselves. Because first with the help of the on-board compass to align the map to the north ("einzunorden"). Then, the map view is to be matched with what is visually recognizable to the pilot from the aircraft, e.g. distinctive buildings or other facilities.

Eine andere Lösung ist der oben besprochene Sprechfunkverkehr mit dem Tower mit seinen bereits angesprochenen Problemen.Another solution is the above discussed radio communication with the tower with its already mentioned problems.

Eine weitere bekannte Lösung stellt das sog. "Visual Guidance-System" dar, bei dem in einer Mittellinie der Rollwege eingelassene Lichtquellen (sog. Befeuerung) dem Luftfahrzeugführer z.B. durch ein grünes Lauflicht den Weg zu seiner Abstellposition weist. Diese Technologie ist in ihrer Implementierung sehr teuer und deshalb nur selten anzutreffen (z.B. Flughafen London-Heathrow und Hong Kong).A further known solution is the so-called "Visual Guidance System", in which light sources (so-called firing) let into a center line of the taxiways are fed to the pilot, e.g. by a green running light the way to its parking position points. This technology is very expensive to implement and therefore rarely used (e.g., London Heathrow Airport and Hong Kong).

Aus der Offenlegungsschrift US 2004/0225432 A1 ist ein weiteres Verfahren bekannt, das zur Navigation auf einem Flughafen und im umgebenden Luftraum auf Satelliten-gestützte Navigation (GPS) basiert. Es wird hierbei durch den Einsatz einer Referenzantenne ein Positionssignal zur Bezugnahme erzeugt, mittels dessen die übrigen GPS-Signale zum Zwecke höherer Genauigkeit korrigiert werden können (sog. Differential GPS).From the publication US 2004/0225432 A1 Another method is known, which is based on the navigation on an airport and in the surrounding airspace satellite-based navigation (GPS). In this case, the use of a reference antenna generates a position signal for reference, by means of which the other GPS signals can be corrected for the purpose of higher accuracy (so-called differential GPS).

Ziel der Erfindung ist es, die Bodennavigation von Luft- und Bodenfahrzeugen auf Flughäfen sicherer und effektiver zu gestalten. Dieses Ziel wird ausgehend vom beschreibenden Teil der Ansprüche 1, 15 und 16 erreicht durch den kennzeichnenden Teil dieser Ansprüche.The aim of the invention is to make the ground navigation of aircraft and ground vehicles at airports safer and more effective. This object is achieved on the basis of the descriptive part of claims 1, 15 and 16 by the characterizing part of these claims.

Vorteile der Erfindung sind:

  • effektivere und sicherere Gestaltung der Luftfahrzeugbewegungen am Boden,
  • die Übermittlung hochaktueller, topografischer Karteninformationen und Zielpositionsinformationen an das Luftfahrzeug zur Bodennavigation am Flughafen,
  • Entlastung der Luftfahrzeugführer und der Bodenlotsen bei der Bodennavigation,
  • die Übermittlung besonderer, den Verkehr lenkender Informationen von einer Kontrolleinrichtung an das Luftfahrzeug, wie insbesondere Stopp-Anweisungen, Geschwindigkeitsbeschränkungen, Hinweise auf Gefahrenstellen,
  • die integrierte Darstellbarkeit des gesamten Bodengeschehens von Luft- und Bodenfahrzeugen in einer Kontrolleinrichtung, z.B. dem Tower oder einer Einsatzzentrale in seiner Gesamtheit oder in funktionalen oder topografischen Ausschnitten,
  • die drastische Reduzierung des Sprechfunkverkehrs,
  • aufwändige Bodeninstallationen, wie z.B. Antennen oder Sensoren sind bei der Verwendung von GSM, GPRS oder UMTS nicht und bei WLAN oder WiMAX nur in vertretbarem Umfang vorzunehmen, was auch einen Einsatz auf Regionalflughäfen möglich macht,
  • Datenbanken für geografische Flughafenkarten an Bord der Luftfahrzeuge sind nicht notwendig,
  • durch Auswertung der gesammelten Informationen sind Bodenstandzeiten zu Abrechnungs- oder Controlling-Zwecken nutzbar,
  • der Verbleib und momentane Standort von Bodeneinrichtungen kann über einen Monitor in einer Einsatzzentrale festgestellt werden,
  • es können preisgünstige, handelsübliche Endgeräte eingesetzt werden, z.B. PDA mit GPRS und GPS.
Advantages of the invention are:
  • more effective and safer design of aircraft movements on the ground,
  • the transmission of up-to-date, topographical map information and target position information to the aircraft for ground navigation at the airport,
  • Relief of the pilots and ground controllers in ground navigation,
  • the transmission of special traffic-routing information from a control device to the aircraft, such as, in particular, stop instructions, speed limits, hazard warnings,
  • integrated visualization of the entire ground operation of aircraft and ground vehicles in a control facility, eg the tower or a control center in its entirety or in functional or topographical sections,
  • the drastic reduction of radio communications,
  • expensive ground installations, such as antennas or sensors are not to be made when using GSM, GPRS or UMTS and Wi-Fi or WiMAX only to a reasonable extent, which also makes use of regional airports possible,
  • Databases for geographic airport maps on board the aircraft are not necessary.
  • By analyzing the collected information, ground life can be used for billing or controlling purposes,
  • the whereabouts and momentary location of ground facilities can be determined via a monitor in an operations center,
  • Low-priced, commercially available terminals can be used, eg PDA with GPRS and GPS.

Im Folgenden wird die Erfindung anhand von Ausführungsbeispielen und mit Bezug auf die beigefügten Zeichnungen verdeutlicht. Es zeigen:

Fig. 1, 2:
den schematischen Ablauf des Verfahrens,
Fig. 3:
eine schematische Darstellung der Flugbahn ei- nes Luftfahrzeugs vor der Landung und dessen Rollweg nach der Landung,
Fig. 4:
eine schematische Darstellung des Rollwegs in einer Draufsicht.
Fig. 5:
eine schematische Darstellung der Anzeigevor- richtung eines Navigationssystemes.
In the following the invention will be clarified by means of embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings. Show it:
Fig. 1, 2:
the schematic sequence of the procedure,
3:
a schematic representation of the trajectory of an aircraft before landing and its taxiway after landing,
4:
a schematic representation of the taxiway in a plan view.
Fig. 5:
a schematic representation of the Anzeigevor- direction of a navigation system.

Ein erstes Ausführungsbeispiel betrifft ein Luftfahrzeug F im Landeanflug auf einen Flughafen (Fig. 3). Das Luftfahrzeug F hat ein Navigationssystem N (Fig. 2) an Bord, das in zyklischen Abständen über Satelliten-gestützte Positionsbestimmung (GPS), seine geografische Position ermittelt. Das Navigationssystem N ist über eine Sende- und Empfangsvorrichtung SEV-F mit einem Kommunikationsnetz KN verbunden (Fig. 2).A first embodiment relates to an aircraft F in the approach to an airport ( Fig. 3 ). The aircraft F has a navigation system N ( Fig. 2 ) on board, which determines its geographical position at regular intervals via satellite-based positioning (GPS). The navigation system N is connected via a transmitting and receiving device SEV-F to a communication network KN ( Fig. 2 ).

Ebenfalls an dieses Kommunikationsnetz KN angeschlossen sind eine Kontrolleinrichtung KE und ein Speicher S, die genauso über Sende- und Empfangsanlagen SEV-KE, SEV-S (Fig. 2) verfügen.Also connected to this communication network KN are a control device KE and a memory S, which can also be used via transmission and reception systems SEV-KE, SEV-S ( Fig. 2 ) feature.

Um eine sichere und geordnete Abfertigung des Luftfahrzeugs F am Boden zu gewährleisten, wird von der Kontrolleinrichtung KE vor oder während des Anfluges des Luftfahrzeugs F eine dem Luftfahrzeug F zugewiesene endgültige Zielposition ZP am Boden gebildet und an einen Speicher S übermittelt (Fig. 1).In order to ensure a safe and orderly clearance of the aircraft F on the ground, is the control device KE before or during the approach of the aircraft F a the Aircraft F assigned final target position ZP formed on the ground and transmitted to a memory S ( Fig. 1 ).

Außerdem werden im Speicher S regelmäßig und/oder bedarfsabhängig aktualisierte, digitalisierte topografische Informationen TI hinsichtlich der Gegebenheiten am Boden des Flughafens, wie etwa Rollbahnen, Vorfeldbahnen, Gates, Baustellen, Gefahrenstellen und Sperrungen hinterlegt (Fig. 1).In addition, updated and / or demand-dependent updated, digitized topographical information TI with regard to the conditions at the airport floor, such as runways, aprons, gates, construction sites, danger spots and blockages are stored in the memory S ( Fig. 1 ).

Ebenfalls in diesem Speicher S abgelegt werden Routeninformationen RI über den optimalen Weg des Luftfahrzeugs F von seiner Landeposition zu seiner Zielposition ZP am Boden. Dabei können bei der Berechnung dieses Weges auch kurzfristig auftretende Verkehrsbehinderungen und der weitere Luft- und Bodenverkehr berücksichtigt werden (Fig. 1).Route information RI is also stored in this memory S via the optimum route of the aircraft F from its landing position to its target position ZP on the ground. In doing so, short-term traffic congestion and other air and ground traffic can be taken into account when calculating this route ( Fig. 1 ).

Rechtzeitig vor Erreichen eines vorgegebenen geografischen Bereiches wird im Landeanflug über das Kommunikationsnetz zwischen dem Luftfahrzeug F und dem Speicher S eine Kommunikationsverbindung aufgebaut. Gelangt das Luftfahrzeug F im Landeanflug in diesen vorgegebenen Bereich um eine vorbestimmte geografischen Position VP (Fig. 3), wird dies an den Speicher S gemeldet und in diesem erkannt. Dabei wird vorteilhaft insbesondere eine bestehende mobile Kommunikationstechnologie und deren Protokolle - wie GSM, GPRS, UMTS oder WiMAX - verwendet.In time before reaching a predetermined geographical area, a communication link is established in the approach by way of the communication network between the aircraft F and the memory S. Does the aircraft F in landing approach this predetermined area by a predetermined geographical position VP ( Fig. 3 ), this is reported to the memory S and recognized in this. In this case, an existing mobile communication technology and its protocols, such as GSM, GPRS, UMTS or WiMAX, are advantageously used in particular.

Nachdem vom Speicher S erkannt ist, dass sich das Flugzeug F in dem vorgegeben geografischen Bereich befindet, werden die topografischen Informationen TI, die wenigstens die Zielposition ZP und die Routeninformationen RI enthalten, vom Speicher S an das Navigationssystem N übermittelt (Fig. 1, 2).After it has been recognized by the memory S that the aircraft F is in the predetermined geographic area, the topographical information TI, which contain at least the destination position ZP and the route information RI, are transmitted from the memory S to the navigation system N ( Fig. 1 . 2 ).

Diese Informationen TI, ZP und RI können dann im Luftfahrzeug F in Form einer elektronischen Kartendarstellung auf einem Anzeigegerät dargestellt werden (Fig. 5).This information TI, ZP and RI can then be displayed in the aircraft F in the form of an electronic map display on a display device ( Fig. 5 ).

Aufgrund der Darstellung der Routeninformation RI kann der Pilot das Luftfahrzeug F unmittelbar zur Zielposition ZP bewegen, ohne dass er sich hierzu zunächst auf dem Flughafen orientieren müsste. Auch aufwändiger Funksprechkontakt mit der Kontrolleinrichtung KE ist zur Bodennavigation hierzu nicht mehr erforderlich. Der Pilot kann einfach der Darstellung auf der Anzeigevorrichtung folgen, die gegebenenfalls sogar weiterführende Verkehrshinweise, insbesondere Haltegebote oder Beschränkungen der Rollgeschwindgkeit, Gefahrenstellen anzeigen kann (Fig. 5).Due to the representation of the route information RI, the pilot can move the aircraft F directly to the target position ZP without first having to orientate himself at the airport. Even complex radio-controlled contact with the control device KE is no longer required for ground navigation. The pilot can simply follow the display on the display device, which may even indicate further traffic information, in particular holding bids or restrictions on the roll speed, danger spots ( Fig. 5 ).

Dabei kann jederzeit erneut eine Kommunikationsverbindung aufgebaut werden, um erneut aktualisierte topografische Informationen TI an das Navigationssystem N zu übermitteln. Dies ist etwa dann hilfreich, wenn es beispielsweise zu einer unvorhergesehenen Sperrung eines Taxiways aufgrund eines Zwischenfalls gekommen ist. In einem solchen Fall kann dem Luftfahrzeug eine neue Route über eine aktualisierte Routeninformation RI zugewiesen werden. Genauso kann dem Luftfahrzeug F auch eine andere Zielposition ZP zugewiesen werden.In this case, a communication connection can be set up again at any time in order to transmit again updated topographical information TI to the navigation system N. This is helpful, for example, if there has been an unforeseen blocking of a taxiway due to an incident, for example. In such a case, the aircraft may be assigned a new route via updated route information RI. Likewise, the aircraft F can also be assigned a different target position ZP.

Ein weiteres Ausführungsbeispiel betrifft den koordinierten Einsatz von Bodenfahrzeugen BF, hier beispielhaft das Betanken des Luftfahrzeugs F durch ein Tankfahrzeug.A further exemplary embodiment relates to the coordinated use of ground vehicles BF, here by way of example the refueling of the aircraft F by a tanker vehicle.

Nach der Landung eines Luftfahrzeugs F und dem Erreichen der Zielposition ZP wird das Luftfahrzeug abgefertigt. Dazu gehört unter anderem auch die Betankung, um den Weiterflug zum nächsten Ziel zu ermöglichen.After landing an aircraft F and reaching the target position ZP, the aircraft is dispatched. This includes, among other things, the refueling to allow the onward flight to the next destination.

Hierzu entscheidet die Kontrolleinrichtung KE, welches der Tankfahrzeuge diese Betankungsaufgabe übernimmt. Bislang ist diese Information dem Bodenfahrzeug BF vor allem mittels eines schriftlichen Auftrages und Sprechfunk übermittelt worden.For this purpose, the control device KE decides which of the tank vehicles undertakes this refueling task. So far, this information has been transmitted to the ground vehicle BF mainly by means of a written order and radio.

Erfindungsgemäß wird eine Aktionsinformation AI "Betanken" gemeinsam mit einer Bodenzielinformation BZI - nämlich dem Standort des zu betankenden Luftfahrzeugs F - nun in der Kontrolleinrichtung KE gebildet und über eine drahtlose Kommunikationsverbindung an den Speicher S und von hieraus dann an das Tankfahrzeug, das ebenfalls über eine Sende- und Empfangsanlage SEV-BF verfügt, übermittelt.According to the invention, an action information AI "refueling" together with a ground target information BZI - namely the Location of the aircraft F to be refueled - now formed in the control device KE and transmitted via a wireless communication link to the memory S and from there then to the tanker, which also has a transmitting and receiving system SEV-BF.

Günstig ist - wie im vorangegangenen Ausführungsbeispiel auch -, dass zur Übermittlung keine besonders aufwändige Technik erforderlich ist, sondern auf bekannte und bewährte Technik und deren Protokolle - wie z.B. GSM, GPRS, UMTS, WLAN oder WiMAX - zurückgegriffen werden kann.It is favorable - as in the previous embodiment also - that for transmission no particularly complex technique is required, but on known and proven technology and their protocols - such. GSM, GPRS, UMTS, WLAN or WiMAX - can be used.

Das Tankfahrzeug verfügt über ein GPS-System zur Standortbestimmung. Neben der reinen Positionsbestimmung ist es eine Standardfunktion von GPS-Systemen aufgrund von Zeitmessung und Bestimmung der zurückgelegten Strecke auch Geschwindigkeitsinformationen bereitzustellen.The tanker has a GPS positioning system. In addition to the pure position determination, it is also a standard function of GPS systems to provide speed information due to time measurement and determination of the distance covered.

Diese Standort-, Ausrichtungs- und Geschwindigkeitsinformation werden über das Kommunikationsnetz KN an die Kontrolleinrichtung KE übermittelt, die damit über genaue Informationen hinsichtlich der entsprechend ausgerüsteten Luftfahrzeuge und Bodenfahrzeuge verfügt. Zur besseren Verständlichkeit der Informationen der vielen verschiedenen Informationen und deren Interpretierbarkeit können diese vorteilhaft auf einer Anzeigevorrichtung dargestellt werden.These location, orientation and speed information are transmitted via the communication network KN to the control device KE, which thus has precise information regarding the appropriately equipped aircraft and ground vehicles. For better understanding of the information of the many different information and their interpretability they can be advantageously displayed on a display device.

Hat nun beispielsweise die Kontrolleinrichtung KE ein bestimmtes Bodenfahrzeug mit der Betankung des Luftfahrzeugs F an einem bestimmten Gate beauftragt, so wird die entsprechende Aktionsinformation AI und die Bodenzielinformation BZI an das Bodenfahrzeug übermittelt.If, for example, the control device KE has instructed a specific ground vehicle to refuel the aircraft F at a certain gate, then the corresponding action information AI and the ground target information BZI are transmitted to the ground vehicle.

Manchmal kommt es im weiteren Verlauf der Abfertigung zu Verzögerungen.Sometimes delays occur in the further course of the clearance.

Bislang hat die Kontrolleinrichtung eine Sprechfunkverbindung aufbauen müssen, um den Grund für die Verzögerung zu ermitteln (sog. "Eskalation"). Nunmehr reicht ein einfacher Blick auf die Anzeigevorrichtung. Dort ist sofort zu erkennen, dass das Tankfahrzeug seit kurzer Zeit wartet (Geschwindigkeit 0) und das Luftfahrzeug gerade eben in seine Abstellposition einschwenkt. Da das Luftfahrzeug im Normalfall erst betankt werden kann, wenn alle Passagiere ausgestiegen sind, ist es sinnvoll, diesem Tankfahrzeug umgehend einen anderen akuten Auftrag zuzuweisen um Wartezeiten zu eliminieren und Ressourcen besser zu nutzen.
Andererseits muss eine Überwachungsinstanz der Bodenabfertigung keine "Eskalation" für die bisher überfällige Betankung durchführen, wenn an der Kontrolleinrichtung KE erkennbar ist, dass sich das Betankungsfahrzeug aktuell auf dem Weg zu dem entsprechenden Luftfahrzeug befindet. Dadurch wird erkennbar der Abstimmungsaufwand vermindert, was zu einer Arbeitsersparnis führt.So far, the controller has had to set up a radiotelephone connection to determine the reason for the delay (so-called "escalation"). Now, a simple look at the display device is sufficient. There it can be seen immediately that the tanker has been waiting for a short time (speed 0) and just swings the aircraft into its parking position. Since the aircraft can normally only be refueled when all passengers have left, it makes sense to immediately assign this tanker to another acute order to eliminate waiting times and to make better use of resources.
On the other hand, a monitoring authority of the ground handling must perform no "escalation" for the previously overdue refueling, if the control device KE is recognizable that the refueling vehicle is currently on the way to the corresponding aircraft. This noticeably reduces the coordination effort, resulting in labor savings.

Die Erfindung ist nicht auf das Ausführungsbeispiel beschränkt, sondern kann auch für das Steuern weiterer Luft- und Bodenfahrzeuge wie Gepäck- oder Cateringfahrzeuge eingesetzt werden. Diese Fahrzeuge sind entsprechend der Erfindung auszugestalten.The invention is not limited to the embodiment, but can also be used for controlling other aircraft and ground vehicles such as luggage or catering vehicles. These vehicles are to be designed according to the invention.

Claims (16)

  1. A method for navigating an aircraft (F) on the ground, in which the current position (GP) of the aircraft (F) is continuously determined in the aircraft (F), characterised in that
    - a destination position (ZP) on the ground and the route information (RI) provided for the aircraft (F) are stored in a memory (S) by a control facility (KE),
    - before or on reaching a predefined geographical position (VP), a communication link is established via a communication network (KN) between a navigation system (N) in the aircraft (F) and the memory (S), and
    - when a predefined geographical position (VP) is reached by the aircraft (F), topographical information (TI) is communicated to the navigation system (N) from the memory (S), which contains at least the destination position (ZP) and the route information (RI),
    - depending on the destination position (ZP) of at least one aircraft (F), ground destination information (BZI) and/or action information (AI) is formed in the control facility (KE) and is at least transferred to one ground vehicle (BF) involved.
  2. Method according to claim 1, characterised in that the ground vehicle (BF) determines its position at regular intervals and/or at the request of the control facility (KE) and transmits this over the communication network (KN) to the control facility (KE).
  3. Method according to one of the claims 1 or 2, characterised in that, in the control facility (KE), the present position (GP) and/or the action information (AI) and/or the destination position (ZP) of at least the ground vehicle (BF) or of the aircraft (F) are edited such that they can be displayed on at least one display device.
  4. Method according to one of the previous claims 1 to 3, characterised in that, in the control facility (KE), the presentation of the current position (GP) and/or the action information (AI) and/or the destination position (ZP) of at least the ground vehicle (BF) or the aircraft (F) can be reduced and/or enlarged on at least one display device.
  5. Method according to one of the previous claims 1 to 4, characterised in that, in the control facility (KE), the subdivision of the presentation of the current position (GP) and/or the action information (AI) and/or the destination position (ZP) of at least the ground vehicle (BF) or the aircraft (F) into parts and/or sections is possible.
  6. Method according to one of the previous claims 1 to 5, characterised in that, in the control facility (KE), at least the ground vehicle (BF) or the aircraft (F) is presented on at least one display device by means of a unique identifier, especially the call sign of the aircraft (F) and/or its flight number and/or its identifier.
  7. Method according to one of the previous claims 1 to 6, characterised in that, in the control facility (KE) the display of at least the ground vehicle (BF) or the aircraft (F) is able to be shown on at least one display screen, showing at least
    - the distance covered on the ground by the aircraft (F) and/or
    - the distance on the ground still to be covered by it and/or
    - the destination position (ZP) and/or
    - its current speed
    - its movement status, especially moving or stationary and/or
    - its alignment along a longitudinal axis.
  8. Method according to one of the previous claims 1 to 7 using at least two satellite-based navigation systems (N), which are especially mounted at the front and rear of the aircraft (F), characterised in that the direction of travel or direction in which the aircraft (F) is standing can be displayed in the control facility (KE).
  9. Method according to one of the previous claims, characterised in that, if topographical information (TI) changes, corresponding information is created and transmitted to the aircraft (F) by way of an update.
  10. Method according to one of the previous claims, characterised in that at least parts of the topographical information (TI) can be shown on a display device of the aircraft (F).
  11. Method according to claim 10, characterised in that the topographical information (TI) is displayed in the aircraft (F) with the aid of a navigation system (N).
  12. Method according to one of claims 10 or 11, characterised in that, at least the route information (RI) about the path to be followed by the aircraft (F) from its current position (GP) to the destination position (ZP) is able to be presented on a display device of the aircraft (F) and/or at least the current position (GP) of the aircraft (F) is able to be presented on a display device of the control facility (KE).
  13. Method according to one of the previous claims, characterised in that the communication network (KN) is embodied wirelessly between the navigation system (N) and the memory (S), especially as a GSM and/or GPRS and/or UMTS and/or WLAN and/or WiMAX (IEEE 802.16) and/or DECT network.
  14. Method according to one of the previous claims, characterised in that, in the aircraft (F) topographical information (TI) and/or route information (RI)
    - is optimised by entries made by the pilot, and/or
    - information from a further system is taken into account which is also used for optimising ground traffic, especially an arrival management system, and/or
    - information of a light signal-supported aircraft taxiing guidance system on the ground and/or stop signals is taken into account.
  15. Arrangement for navigating an aircraft (F) on the ground using global positioning, characterised in that it is embodied to execute the method steps according to one of the claims 1 to 14.
  16. Control facility for navigating an aircraft (F) on the ground using global positioning, characterised in that it is embodied to execute the method steps according to one of the claims 1 to 14.
EP06793982A 2005-11-09 2006-10-05 Method, arrangement and monitoring device for navigation of aircraft and ground vehicles using satellite-assisted positioning Not-in-force EP1946285B1 (en)

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DE102005053499A DE102005053499A1 (en) 2005-11-09 2005-11-09 Method, arrangement and control device for navigating aircraft and ground vehicles using satellite-based positioning
PCT/EP2006/067108 WO2007054410A1 (en) 2005-11-09 2006-10-05 Method, arrangement and monitoring device for navigation of aircraft and ground vehicles using satellite-assisted positioning

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US20080270020A1 (en) 2008-10-30
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EP1946285A1 (en) 2008-07-23
DE502006007285D1 (en) 2010-08-05

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