EP1935971A1 - Partial acyl glyceride based biowaxes, biocandles prepared therfrom and their preparation methods - Google Patents

Partial acyl glyceride based biowaxes, biocandles prepared therfrom and their preparation methods Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1935971A1
EP1935971A1 EP06126298A EP06126298A EP1935971A1 EP 1935971 A1 EP1935971 A1 EP 1935971A1 EP 06126298 A EP06126298 A EP 06126298A EP 06126298 A EP06126298 A EP 06126298A EP 1935971 A1 EP1935971 A1 EP 1935971A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
biowax
candles
glyceride
present
amount
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP06126298A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Yi-Fa Lee
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Chant Oil Co Ltd
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Chant Oil Co Ltd
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Publication date
Application filed by Chant Oil Co Ltd filed Critical Chant Oil Co Ltd
Priority to EP06126298A priority Critical patent/EP1935971A1/en
Publication of EP1935971A1 publication Critical patent/EP1935971A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11C—FATTY ACIDS FROM FATS, OILS OR WAXES; CANDLES; FATS, OILS OR FATTY ACIDS BY CHEMICAL MODIFICATION OF FATS, OILS, OR FATTY ACIDS OBTAINED THEREFROM
    • C11C5/00—Candles
    • C11C5/002—Ingredients
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11C—FATTY ACIDS FROM FATS, OILS OR WAXES; CANDLES; FATS, OILS OR FATTY ACIDS BY CHEMICAL MODIFICATION OF FATS, OILS, OR FATTY ACIDS OBTAINED THEREFROM
    • C11C3/00—Fats, oils, or fatty acids by chemical modification of fats, oils, or fatty acids obtained therefrom
    • C11C3/02—Fats, oils, or fatty acids by chemical modification of fats, oils, or fatty acids obtained therefrom by esterification of fatty acids with glycerol

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a biowax comprising partial acyl glycerides (PAG).
  • PAG partial acyl glycerides
  • the present invention also relates to biocandles formed from said biowax, and to a method for the production of the same.
  • candles are made by paraffin and/or natural waxes.
  • Some typical candles prepared by conventional methods can be formed as container candles, votive candles, pillar candles, taper candles, tea-light candles and hurricane candles.
  • biowaxes such as beeswax (myricyl palmitate) and spermaceti wax (cetyl palmitate), etc.
  • beeswax myricyl palmitate
  • spermaceti wax cetyl palmitate
  • fossil waxes such as paraffin, etc.
  • paraffin-based waxes are major raw materials for the production of candles.
  • the paraffin is produced from the residue left after refinement of fossil oils. It was found that paraffin can be completely burned, but it typically emits a smoke and produces an unpleasant odor when burning.
  • Palm stearin is a byproduct from palm oil refinery industry. The yield of palm stearin every year is huge and the price thereof is more inexpensive than paraffin. It has attempted to apply palm stearin as an ingredient of candle wax. However, due to the lower melting point property of the palm stearin, the compounding percentage in candle wax is limited and difficultly controlled. Even though the palm stearin may be hydrogenated to be one having a higher melting point, candles made therefrom are brittle and lack malleability. Thus, the application of palm stearin as an ingredient of candle wax is still limited.
  • U.S Patent Nos. 6,503,285 ; 6,645,261 ; 6,770,104 ; 6,773,469 ; 6,797,020 ; and 5,824,572 disclose triacylglycerol based candle waxes, particularly those derived from various animal and/or plant sources, such as vegetable oil-source.
  • candle waxes formulated from vegetable oil-based materials often result in a variety of problems. It was found that vegetable oil-based candles have many disadvantages, such as cracking, air pocket formation and a natural product odor associated with soybean materials, as compared with paraffin-based candles. In addition, the soybean-based waxes have performance problems relating to optimum flame size, effective wax and wick performance matching for an even burn, maximum burning time, product color integration and/or product shelf life. Hence, to have the aesthetic and functional product surface and quality required by consumers, it is necessary to develop new substitutive vegetable oil-based waxes.
  • substitutive wax materials have clean burning property when being used for forming candles.
  • such materials are biodegradable and derived from renewable raw materials.
  • the candle base wax materials have physical characteristics, such as melting point, hardness and/or malleability, etc., that permit the materials to be readily formed into candles having a pleasing appearance and/or feel to the touch, as well as having desirable olfactory properties.
  • the Kyoto Protocol establishes the agreements of green issues in every aspect on the earth and its objective is "the stabilization of greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous anthtopogenic interference with the climate system".
  • fossil fuel resources are scarce and the oil prices are soaring up, biomass fuels play a vital role on renewable energy supply chain.
  • the oversupply of glycerol becomes an urgent problem to be solved.
  • the present invention provides partial acyl glycerides (PAG)-based biowaxes.
  • PAG partial acyl glycerides
  • Such PAG-based biowax consumes majority of glycerol, thus ramify the biodiesel supply chain to solve the excess production of glycerol.
  • consuming the glycerol to produce PAG-based biowax and using the biowax in formation of green candle can facilitate the healthy developing of Carbon Cycle on Earth. Eventually it redirect the fossil energy to most valuable and feasible agricultural energy policy.
  • the present invention provides PAG-based biowax useful as candle wax.
  • PAG-based biocandle has comparable burning characteristic with commercial candles made from paraffin wax in terms of flame length and is free of unpleasant odor. It has superior characteristics than paraffin wax which include low soot emission and high additives compatibility. It would be advantageous to use PAG-based biowax to replace paraffin wax.
  • the present invention further provides a biocandle comprising a biowax and a wick, wherein the biowax comprises partial acyl glycerides.
  • the candles may also be formed from PAG-based biowaxes containing paraffin and/or stearin as additional ingredients.
  • the candles prepared therefrom exhibit uniform texture, translucent and fine grain crystalline structure.
  • the candles are generally clean burning and emit very little soot Due to the combination of low soot emission and biodegradability, the production of candles from renewable raw materials makes the present candles a particularly environmentally friendly product.
  • biocandles it provides a method for preparing biocandles.
  • various types of biocandles such as container candles, candle beads, etc. may be formed.
  • the biowax comprises partial acyl glycerides (PAG).
  • PAG partial acyl glycerides
  • the biowax according to the present invention comprises about 20 wt.% to 100 wt.%, preferably 30 wt.% to 100 wt.%, of PAG, based on the total weight of the biowax.
  • the term “biowax” refers to waxes produced from the raw materials derived from the biodiesel supply chain.
  • the term “partial acyl glyceride” refers to a glyceride selected from the group consisting of a monoacylglyceride (MAG), a diacylglyceride (DAG) and the combination thereof The partial acyl glyceride may be obtained by the esterification of glycerol molecules with one or two medium or long fatty acids chain.
  • the term “medium chain fatty acid” refers to a saturated or unsaturated fatty acid having 6 to 10 carbons, or a mixture thereof.
  • long chain fatty acid refers to a saturated or unsaturated fatty acid having 14 to 24 carbons, or a mixture thereof. More preferably, the acyl group has straight chains of C16, C18, C18:1, C18:2. According to the present invention, the partial acyl glyceride can be used alone, or in combination with triacyglycerides and/or other ingredients.
  • biocandle used herein refers to candles produced from biowaxes.
  • the biowax may further comprise triacylglyceride (TAG), stearin, or paraffin or a combination thereof as an additional ingredient.
  • the biowax comprises a monoacylglyceride (MAG), a diacylglyceride (DAG) and a triacylglyceride (TAG).
  • the monoacylglyceride is used preferably in an amount of about 10 to 75 wt. %, more preferably in an amount of about 40 to 70 wt. %, based on the weight of the biowax.
  • the diacylglyceride (DAG) is preferably used in amount of about 10 to 50 wt.
  • triacylglyceride is optionally used in an amount of about 5 to 50 wt. %, preferably in an amount of 10 to 40 wt. %, based on the weight of the biowax.
  • the biowax may optionally include minor amounts of other additives to modify the properties of the waxy materials.
  • the additives incorporated into the biowax of the present invention include colorants, fragrances (e.g., fragrance oils), antioxidants, UV light absorber and migration inhibitors, and the like.
  • the biowax is blended with natural colorants to provide an even solid color distribution.
  • Biowax has a melting point of about 40 to 62°C. In one embodiment, the biowax has an Iodine Value of about 0.2 to 35.
  • the biowax can be formed into a desired shape.
  • the biowax may be formed into powdered or ground particles.
  • the biowax can be formed into beads by heating the biowax to a molten state and then spray cooling the molten biowax, or by means of a bead-manufacturing device commercially available from Chant Oil Co., Ltd. (Taiwan, R.O.C.).
  • the biowax may be shaped into beads having a diameter of about 0.5 to 1.2 mm.
  • the biowaxes are suitable as raw materials for the manufacture of biocandles.
  • the present invention provides a biocandle comprising a biowax and a wick, wherein the biowax comprises partial acyl glycerides (PAG).
  • the biocandle is typically solid, firm but not brittle, generally somewhat malleable, with no free oil visible.
  • the biocandles may be prepared by means of melt-processing to form the desired shape of candles, such as pillar candles, tea light candles, etc.
  • a wick which does not have a metal core, such as a lead or zinc core.
  • a suitable wick material is a braided cotton wick.
  • the wick may apply standard wicks employed with other waxes (e.g., paraffin and/or beeswax).
  • a method of preparing a biocandle comprises the steps of: 1) heating the PAG-based biowax to a molten state, 2) introducing the molten biowax into a mold, wherein the mold includes a wick disposed therein, 3) cooling the molten biowax in the mold, and 4) solidifying the biowax, and then removing the solidified biowax from the mold.
  • the present invention further provides a method for preparing a biocandle comprising heating the PAG-based biowax to a molten state, spray cooling the biowax to form 0.5 to 1.2 mm beads and compressing the biowax beads into a mold to form as candles.
  • the colorants if present, need be dissolved in the PAG-based biowax in order to prevent insoluble particles from blocking the biowax flow in the wick.
  • the blocked biowax flow results in a poor candle bum.
  • the color of the biowax may also affect the dying performance.
  • Most fragrances can be applied to the biowax to improve the performance of the resulting biocandles, such as stability, reactivity, color, etc.
  • the resulting biocandles are clean burning and emit very little soot.
  • Component 1 Paraffin wax, supplied by Taiwan Wax Co., Ltd., has the physical properties listed on Table 1. Table 1 Physical Property Test Method Value M.P., °C ASTM D87 59.8 Needle Penetration at 25°C, mm ASTM D 1321 15.5 Kinetic Viscosity at 100°C, cps ASTM D445 4.382 Oil Content, wt.% ASTM D721 0.116 Color ASTM D156 30 Carbon Distribution ASTM D5442 C 20 ⁇ C 46 ⁇ C 26 16.48% C 26-29 23.78% C 29-32 23.05% C 32-44 36.69% >C 44 nil n-Paraffin 51.05%
  • Component 2 Fatty acid S1801, supplied by P.T.
  • MUSIM MAS. has the physical properties listed on Table 2.
  • Table 2 Physical Property Test Method Value Acid Value, mg KOH/g ASTM D 1980-87 210.2 Saponification Value, mg KOH/g ASTMD1962-85 211.4 Iodine Value, g Iodine/100g ASTM D 1959-97 0.13 M.P., °C ASTM D 1982-85 55.4 Fatty Acid Carbon Chain Composition, % ASTM D 1983-90 C12+14 0.4 C16 57.67 C18 41.3 Others 0.5 Component 3: Fatty acid 1698, supplied by P.T. MUSIM MAS., has the physical properties listed on Table 3.
  • Table 4 Physical Property Type 1 Type 2 Free Fatty Acid, % 0.057 0.01 Iodine Value, g Iodine/ 1 00g 20.4 33.3 M.P., °C 56.5 51 Fatty Acid Carbon Chain Composition, % C16 72.00 59.8 C18 5.10 3.67 C18:1 16.22 29.7 C18:2 3.67 5.22 Component 5: Hardened Fat FO81, made by hydrogenation of RBD palm stearin (Type 2, Component 4) at a temperature of from 170 to 200°C and at a pressure of 3kg in the presence of Ni catalyst (0.2%) for 4 hours, has the physical properties listed on Table 5.
  • Table 7a Physical Property Value Acid Value, mg KOH/g 0.4 Iodine Value, mg KOH/g 0.2 Color, APHA 140 M.P., °C 56 MAG, % 62.6 DAG, % 28.8 TAG, % 7.6 Table 7b Peak No.
  • the container candles were prepared according to the components and contents listed on Table 11.
  • the biocandles made by the biowaxes of the present invention exhibit excellent wax flow through wicks by visual appearance. Meanwhile, the biocandles of the present invention show steady burn rate and good appearances, such as color, fragrance and clarity, and also emit low soot when burning and good smell.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Fats And Perfumes (AREA)
EP06126298A 2006-12-18 2006-12-18 Partial acyl glyceride based biowaxes, biocandles prepared therfrom and their preparation methods Withdrawn EP1935971A1 (en)

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EP06126298A EP1935971A1 (en) 2006-12-18 2006-12-18 Partial acyl glyceride based biowaxes, biocandles prepared therfrom and their preparation methods

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EP06126298A EP1935971A1 (en) 2006-12-18 2006-12-18 Partial acyl glyceride based biowaxes, biocandles prepared therfrom and their preparation methods

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2012071306A1 (en) * 2010-11-23 2012-05-31 Elevance Renewable Sciences, Inc. Lipid-based wax compositions substantially free of fat bloom and methods of making

Citations (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3012047A (en) * 1958-12-24 1961-12-05 Atlas Chem Ind Production of esterification product
US3844706A (en) * 1973-10-30 1974-10-29 E Tsaras Candles and manufacture thereof
EP0041204A1 (de) * 1980-05-30 1981-12-09 Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft auf Aktien Verfahren zur kontinuierlichen Herstellung von Fettsäuremonoglyzeriden
EP0191217A1 (en) * 1985-02-06 1986-08-20 Amano Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. Process for producing glycerides in the presence of lipases
EP0445692A2 (en) * 1990-03-06 1991-09-11 European Economic Community E.E.C. A method of producing monoglyceride
WO2002011543A2 (en) * 2000-08-03 2002-02-14 Danisco A/S Solid phase glycerolysis
EP1281750A2 (en) * 2001-08-02 2003-02-05 Rinoru Oil Mills Co., Ltd. Conjugated fatty acid containing monoglycerides and process for producing them
US20030057599A1 (en) * 2001-09-25 2003-03-27 Murphy Timothy A. Triacylglycerol based wax compositions
US20040088907A1 (en) * 2002-11-12 2004-05-13 Cargill, Inc. Triacylglycerol based wax for use in container candles
US20040088908A1 (en) * 2002-11-12 2004-05-13 Cargill, Inc Triacylglycerol based wax for use in candles
WO2004052115A1 (en) * 2002-12-06 2004-06-24 Abbott Laboratories Glyceride compositions and methods of making and using same
EP1693436A1 (en) * 2005-02-21 2006-08-23 Cargill Inc. Hardened vegetable oils and derivatives thereof

Patent Citations (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3012047A (en) * 1958-12-24 1961-12-05 Atlas Chem Ind Production of esterification product
US3844706A (en) * 1973-10-30 1974-10-29 E Tsaras Candles and manufacture thereof
EP0041204A1 (de) * 1980-05-30 1981-12-09 Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft auf Aktien Verfahren zur kontinuierlichen Herstellung von Fettsäuremonoglyzeriden
EP0191217A1 (en) * 1985-02-06 1986-08-20 Amano Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. Process for producing glycerides in the presence of lipases
EP0445692A2 (en) * 1990-03-06 1991-09-11 European Economic Community E.E.C. A method of producing monoglyceride
WO2002011543A2 (en) * 2000-08-03 2002-02-14 Danisco A/S Solid phase glycerolysis
EP1281750A2 (en) * 2001-08-02 2003-02-05 Rinoru Oil Mills Co., Ltd. Conjugated fatty acid containing monoglycerides and process for producing them
US20030057599A1 (en) * 2001-09-25 2003-03-27 Murphy Timothy A. Triacylglycerol based wax compositions
US20040088907A1 (en) * 2002-11-12 2004-05-13 Cargill, Inc. Triacylglycerol based wax for use in container candles
US20040088908A1 (en) * 2002-11-12 2004-05-13 Cargill, Inc Triacylglycerol based wax for use in candles
WO2004052115A1 (en) * 2002-12-06 2004-06-24 Abbott Laboratories Glyceride compositions and methods of making and using same
EP1693436A1 (en) * 2005-02-21 2006-08-23 Cargill Inc. Hardened vegetable oils and derivatives thereof

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
GUIMARAES AGUIAR, L.M., AND MATHEUS VARGAS, R.: "Preparation of monoglycerides by guanidine-catalyzed processes", JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS' SOCIETY., vol. 75, no. 6, 1998, USAMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS' SOCIETY. CHAMPAIGN., pages 755 - 756, XP002432189 *
MCNEILL G P ET AL: "SELECTIVE DISTRIBUTION OF SATURATED FATTY ACIDS INTO THE MONOGLYCERIDE FRACTION DURING ENZYMATIC GLYCEROLYSIS", 1 November 1992, JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS' SOCIETY, AOCS PRESS, CHAMPAIGN, IL, US, PAGE(S) 1098-1103, ISSN: 0003-021X, XP000324893 *

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2012071306A1 (en) * 2010-11-23 2012-05-31 Elevance Renewable Sciences, Inc. Lipid-based wax compositions substantially free of fat bloom and methods of making
AU2011332097B2 (en) * 2010-11-23 2016-03-31 Elevance Renewable Sciences, Inc. Lipid-based wax compositions substantially free of fat bloom and methods of making
US9458411B2 (en) 2010-11-23 2016-10-04 Cargill, Incorporated Lipid-based wax compositions substantially free of fat bloom and methods of making
US10179888B2 (en) 2010-11-23 2019-01-15 Cargill, Incorporated Lipid-based wax compositions substantially free of fat bloom and methods of making

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