EP1912900A1 - Procede de production de biogaz - Google Patents

Procede de production de biogaz

Info

Publication number
EP1912900A1
EP1912900A1 EP06762885A EP06762885A EP1912900A1 EP 1912900 A1 EP1912900 A1 EP 1912900A1 EP 06762885 A EP06762885 A EP 06762885A EP 06762885 A EP06762885 A EP 06762885A EP 1912900 A1 EP1912900 A1 EP 1912900A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fermentation
oxygen
biogas
air
substrate
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP06762885A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Gerhard RÖSING
Frank Keppler
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Max Planck Gesellschaft zur Foerderung der Wissenschaften eV
Original Assignee
Max Planck Gesellschaft zur Foerderung der Wissenschaften eV
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Max Planck Gesellschaft zur Foerderung der Wissenschaften eV filed Critical Max Planck Gesellschaft zur Foerderung der Wissenschaften eV
Publication of EP1912900A1 publication Critical patent/EP1912900A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/28—Anaerobic digestion processes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
    • C12P5/00—Preparation of hydrocarbons or halogenated hydrocarbons
    • C12P5/02—Preparation of hydrocarbons or halogenated hydrocarbons acyclic
    • C12P5/023—Methane
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/72—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation
    • C02F1/727—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation using pure oxygen or oxygen rich gas
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/72—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation
    • C02F1/74—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation with air
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2303/00—Specific treatment goals
    • C02F2303/26—Reducing the size of particles, liquid droplets or bubbles, e.g. by crushing, grinding, spraying, creation of microbubbles or nanobubbles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a process for the production of biogas, wherein (a) biomass is fermented under anaerobic conditions; with the exception that (b) during the fermentation process, the fermentation substrate comprising the biomass is metered in air and / or oxygen.
  • the process can take place in one or more stages.
  • the fermentation is preceded by a mechanical substrate comminution.
  • the method is preferably used in the field of agricultural biogas production.
  • an appropriate application in the anaerobic waste fermentation is possible, with plant biomass can be used as Koferment occasionally.
  • the process according to the invention enables significantly higher biogas yields than processes known in the prior art.
  • enzymes or algae preparations are added to the fermentation substrate.
  • Biogas is produced during the bacterial fermentation of organic matter under exclusion of air as a multi-stage process in the following series of steps.
  • Acetic acid formation reaction of the carboxylic acids and alcohols to acetic acid, hydrogen and carbon dioxide.
  • methanogenesis the last step in biogas formation, the actual methane production takes place under anaerobic conditions.
  • the methane bacteria involved are obligate anaerobes and utilize about 70% acetic acid and 30% hydrogen and carbon dioxide to form the methane.
  • acetic acid - forming bacteria For an optimized methanogenesis process, a close spatial symbiosis between the H 2 - producing, acetic acid - forming bacteria and the H 2 - utilizing methanogenic bacteria is required.
  • the acetic acid-forming step is considered the limiting factor in this complicated process.
  • the hydrogen partial pressure which can only be maintained in the presence of H 2 - consuming methane bacteria, such that the acetic acid-forming bacteria mainly contain the desired acetic acid and not carboxylic acids (having a chain length of C 3 -C 6 ). , or even lactic acid, produce.
  • These bacteria are metabolically active only at a low hydrogen partial pressure.
  • the production of biogas is optimal only if the degradation rates in the listed sub-stages are comparable.
  • the gas production can be disturbed by certain inhibitors.
  • inhibitors have a toxic effect on the bacteria involved in biogas formation even at low concentrations and thus slow or stop the degradation of the fermentation substrate.
  • the first group includes substances that are entered in the biogas formation process together with the fermentation substrate.
  • the second group contains substances which are formed during the whole process in one of the individual steps.
  • inhibitors belonging to the first group include sodium (inhibiting from 6 up to 30 g / l; in adapted cultures from 60 g / l), potassium (inhibiting from 3 g / l), calcium (inhibiting from 2.8 g / l CaCl 2 ), magnesium (inhibiting from 2.4 g / l MgCl 2 ), some heavy metals or also branched fatty acids (eg iso-butyric acid, inhibiting already from 50 mg / 1).
  • B hydrogen sulfide or ammonia counted. Hydrogen sulphide can significantly reduce biogas production even in concentrations of approx. 50 mg / 1 fermentation substrate.
  • Another parameter named in the prior art which influences biogas formation is the pH of the fermentation substrate.
  • the bacteria which are necessary for the sequence of the individual steps of biogas formation, namely have different pH optima.
  • the pH optimum of the bacteria of the hydrolysis and the acidification phase is 4.5 to 6.3.
  • they can survive at slightly higher pH without being too limited in their activity.
  • the acetic and methanogenic bacteria preferably require a pH in the neutral range at 6.8 to 7.5. It follows that in a one-step process, ie when carrying out the entire process in a single reaction vessel, this pH range should be adhered to according to the prevailing theory.
  • the advantage here is that the pH within the system usually sets itself, regardless of whether the process is one or more stages. This self-adjustment is carried out by the acidic and alkaline metabolic products of the bacteria involved in the individual steps (A. Schattauer and P. Weiland: Handbook Biogas production and use published by the Agency for Renewable Resources, Gülzow, 2005).
  • the individual stages of biogas formation depend on a balanced substrate supply. On the one hand, it is desirable that as much biogas as possible can be produced with the substrates used. On the other hand, however, it must also be ensured that Trace elements and nutrients for the bacteria themselves are present in sufficient quantity. With regard to the amount of biogas formed, it can be said that this is determined by the proportions of proteins, fats and carbohydrates in the fermentation substrate. Fat provides the highest biogas yield, followed by carbohydrates and protein. However, the methane content of the resulting biogas is highest for protein, followed by fat and carbohydrates (A. Schattauer and P. Weiland: Handbook Biogas Extraction and Utilization published by the Agency for Renewable Resources, Gülzow, 2005).
  • the fermentation substrate used should have a balanced C / N ratio. If too much carbon and too little nitrogen is present, the existing carbon can not be fully implemented. Thus, not as much methane is produced as technically possible. Nitrogen surplus on the other hand may lead to the formation of the inhibitor ammonia (see above). For an undisturbed process flow, therefore, according to the prior art, the ratio of carbon to nitrogen should be in the range of 10-30. A sufficient nutrient supply of the bacteria is achieved with a C / N / P / S ratio of 600: 15: 5: 1 (A. Schattauer and P. Weiland: Handbook Biogas production and use published by the Agency for Renewable Resources, Gülzow, 2005).
  • the object of the present invention was to provide a method with which significantly higher yields of biogas can be achieved.
  • the solution to this problem is achieved by the embodiments provided in the claims.
  • the invention relates to a process for the production of biogas wherein (a) biomass is fermented under anaerobic conditions; with the exception that (b) during the Fermentation process the biomass comprehensive fermentation substrate metered air and / or oxygen is supplied.
  • biomass is defined as a product of anaerobic biodegradation of biomass, which typically contains about 45 to 70% methane, 30 to 55% carbon dioxide, small amounts of nitrogen, hydrogen sulphide and other trace gases actual energy sources.
  • Biomass is the organic substance of living or dead organisms or their excreta or degradation products called.
  • Anaerobic conditions are reaction conditions characterized by the absence of free or dissolved oxygen, Accordingly, the term “except” refers to the fact that the anaerobic fermentation process is externally supplied with air and / or oxygen.
  • “Fermentation” refers to energy-yielding, organic matter-decomposing metabolism processes that take place under anaerobic conditions.A fermentation is always due to the activity of anaerobic or facultative anaerobic micro-organisms (bacteria or fungi) different steps, for which different microorganisms are responsible.
  • “Fermentation substrate” means material intended for fermentation with the aim of obtaining biogas, which consists of or contains biomass as defined above In addition to biomass, the fermentation substrate may contain other substances, such as additionally added water or nutrient preparations, such as minerals for bacteria.
  • air is understood to mean the gas mixture of the earth's atmosphere, according to which air consists mainly of the two gases nitrogen (78%) and oxygen (21%) .At comparatively high concentrations, argon (0.9%) and carbon dioxide (0 Furthermore, the term “air” also includes so-called “technical air” of the same composition. "Technical air” is understood below to mean compressed air as used by various manufacturers (eg Linde AG, Pullach). in steel bottles is sold. Also included in the term air are gas mixtures containing at least 66% nitrogen and 20% oxygen, whereby the 100% missing parts may consist of noble gases or carbon dioxide.
  • Oxygen is a non-metallic element. As a diatomic odorless gas (O 2 ), it occurs with a volume fraction of about 21% in the earth's atmosphere. Oxygen can be used in the process according to the invention as a commercially sold in steel cylinders gas mixture, wherein the gas mixture consists of at least 99.5% oxygen. Suitable admixtures are, for example, water, carbon dioxide, methane, ethane, ethene, ethyne, nitrous oxide or halogenated hydrocarbons.
  • the process of the invention breaks the taboo of the prior art that no oxygen may be introduced into the methane forming reactor.
  • no procedural solutions have been known or proposed in the state of the art which specifically introduce oxygen or atmospheric oxygen into the methane forming reactor in one- or two-stage or multi-stage process processes for biogas production. Rather, so far in the technological entry of z.
  • the method according to the invention also operates the introduction of oxygen directly into the methanogenesis.
  • the entry of atmospheric oxygen in the lower fermentation substrate filled reactor area is known in the art.
  • the superiority of the method according to the invention over the prior art methods is based on the fact that the rate of reaction of the fermentation process is increased by metered introduction of oxygen or air. This is possible for example by a faster degradation of plant biomass, in particular of cellulose and hemicellulose (see below).
  • the parameters mentioned in the introduction and known in the prior art for optimizing the biogas yield do not cause any complications in the implementation of the process according to the invention and are therefore readily manageable by a person skilled in the art even in the process according to the invention.
  • the invention relates to a process which can proceed in one stage.
  • a "one-step process” is used when the four steps of biogas formation (hydrolysis, acidification phase, acetic acid formation, methanogenesis) take place in a reaction vessel (fermenter).
  • the invention relates to a method that runs in multiple stages.
  • multi-stage process If the hydrolysis and acidification phases are carried out spatially separated from the steps of acetic acid formation and methanogenesis, this is called a "multi-stage process.”
  • the multi-stage processes include, for example, two-stage processes.
  • the multistep offers the advantage that the reaction conditions can be adapted to the individual requirements of the microorganisms involved in the respective step, in order thereby to achieve higher degradation efficiencies.
  • the disadvantageous aspect is the more complex design of the systems, which leads to higher investment costs.
  • the invention in another embodiment, relates to a one-step wet fermentation process for the anaerobic fermentation of liquid and / or solid manure and plant biomass for the purpose of generating biogas, characterized in that to achieve greater Reaction rates of the fermentation substrate periodically and metered air or oxygen is supplied.
  • the feeding takes place in such a way that there is no damaging effect on the obligate anaerobic methane-forming microorganisms and a higher gas formation rate or yield from the biomass to be fermented is achieved by the aerobic treatment step. Due to the higher nutrient availability, process development represents a high-performance process in biogas production.
  • the supply of air and / or oxygen in the multi-stage process in the methane forming reactor is particularly preferred.
  • methane forming reactor in the following the reaction vessel in which the methanogenesis takes place.This is by definition the reactor in which all four steps of the biogas formation take place in the one-step process.In the multistage process it is the reactor in which the last two steps The other reactors are usually named after the respective step which takes place in them. As already mentioned above, the air and / or oxygen is supplied to the fermentation substrate.
  • the supply of air or oxygen takes place at time intervals.
  • time intervals is understood to mean the periodic supply of air or oxygen, air or oxygen being supplied for a specific duration (time t 1 ) and subsequently no air or oxygen being supplied for a specific duration (time t 2 ). It is preferable that t, in the range of 5 to 30 minutes, more preferably about 20 minutes.
  • the periodic supply of air or oxygen offers the advantage that by permanently controlling the oxygen consumption, the metering of the air or oxygen input can be adjusted so that damage to the methane-forming microorganisms can be prevented.
  • the amount and duration of the entry are, for example, dependent on the microbiological status of the fermentation substrate and especially useful if there are O 2 - utilizing microorganisms (see below).
  • the time intervals are selected so that the ratio of the duration of the air or oxygen supply (t,) to the duration of the time during which no supply takes place (t 2 ) is below 0.2.
  • the dosage of the air or oxygen entry is selected so that the oxygen concentration is less than 0.1 mg / 1 O 2 in fully mixed fermentation substrate.
  • the "fully mixed fermentation substrate” is understood as meaning the substrate which has been brought into complete contact with the introduced air or the introduced oxygen by stirring, for example stirring slowly and intermittently, rapidly with interruptions or continuously For example, it is designed so that a full mixing of the reactor, depending on the oTS content is achieved.
  • the measurement of the oxygen concentration takes place in the fermentation substrate, preferably at different measuring points.
  • Commercially available measuring instruments such as, for example, oxygen electrodes (for example from Nanodox, Lichtenstein) are used to measure the oxygen concentration.
  • the oxygen concentration can be determined, for example, as an average value by a respective measurement at different positions in the reactor.
  • the oxygen input in addition to the microbiological findings, is made dependent on the following criteria:
  • the fermentation is preceded by a mechanical substrate comminution.
  • mechanical substrate comminution refers to the reduction of the average size of the individual constituents of the fermentation substrate by the action of physical forces
  • the advantage of the mechanical substrate comminution lies in the enlargement of the surface of the substrate, making it more accessible to microorganisms.
  • the mechanical substrate comminution is achieved by extrusion, chopping or grinding.
  • extrusion is meant a process in which materials are continuously pressed by means of a screw press via a working channel through a matrix and thus homogenized.
  • shredding is meant the shredding of materials, in particular by means of moving knives.
  • rinding refers to the comminution of materials using mills, for example rollers, balls or crushers.
  • the fermentation takes place at temperatures of 38 to 55 ° C.
  • Particularly preferred is a mesophilic temperature range of 40 to 42 ° C. Under ,.
  • Temperature is understood to mean the temperature prevailing in the methane forming reactor, whereby the temperature can be determined, for example, from continuous measurements at spatially different positions in the reactor.
  • the Faulraumbelastung is more than 3 kg oTS / m 3 x d. In a further particularly preferred embodiment, the Faulraumbelastung is more than 7 kg oTS / m ⁇ x d.
  • “Faulraumbelastung” is the amount of organic dry matter (oTS) in kilograms, which is the methane forming reactor per m 1 volume and time unit is supplied.
  • optionally anaerobic microorganisms are present in the fermentation substrate.
  • microorganisms which can both breathe oxygen under ATP formation and produce ATP in its presence by fermentation, whereas aerobic microorganisms generate ATP only in the presence of free or dissolved oxygen, while anaerobic microorganisms rely on the absence of oxygen. Aerobic microorganisms are z. B. actinobacteria or certain fungi. Anaerobic microorganisms are the methane-forming microorganisms or clostridia and optionally anaerobic z. B. Enterobacteriaceae such as E. coli. If algae preparations or enzymes are used (see below), the technologically registered oxygen may also be consumed by them. If these are not used, the presence of the facultatively anaerobic microorganisms is absolutely necessary in order to consume the oxygen.
  • the continuous methane formation is made possible, for example, by the presence of facultative anaerobes, which can exist under short-term oxygen influences, consume the oxygen in a timely manner and thus take over a protective function for the obligate anaerobic methane bacteria. Furthermore, the consumption of oxygen, for example, by enzymes or algae preparations done (see below).
  • the facultatively anaerobic microorganisms are fungi.
  • the fungi are unicellular.
  • the unicellular fungi belong to the yeasts.
  • the facultative anaerobic microorganisms are bacteria.
  • the bacteria belong to the families of Enterobacteriaceae or Vibrionaceae.
  • the Enterobacteriaceae are selected from the genus Alterococcus, Aranicola, Arsenophonus, Averyella, Brenneria, Buchnera, Budvicia, Buttiauxella, Candidatus, Phlomobacter, Cedecea, Citrobacter, Dickeya, Edwardsieila, Enterobacter, Erwinia, Escherichia, Ewingella, Grimontella , Hafnia, Klebsiella, Kluyvera, Leclercia, Leminorella, Moellerella, Morganella, Obesumbacterium, Pantoea, Pectobacterium, Photorhabdus, Plesiomonas, Pragia, Proteus, Providencia, Rahnella, Raoultella, Salmonella,
  • the bacteria of the family Vibrinaceae selected from the genus Allomonas, Catenococcus, Enterovibrio, Ferrania, Grimontia, Listonella, Photobacterium, Photococcus, Salinivibrio or Vibrio.
  • microorganisms are already present in the fermentation substrate or in the biomass. According to the invention, however, the addition of microorganisms is envisaged in order to further increase the yields.
  • individual members of the aforementioned genera, as well as suitable mixtures of these can be added. Suitable mixtures include mixtures of members of the genera Escherichia or Kluyvera.
  • the oxygen introduced according to the invention can be breathed by them.
  • a death of the methane-forming microorganisms is prevented and, on the other hand, a higher reaction kinetics is achieved by the significantly shorter generation doubling time of the facultatively anaerobic microorganisms since these split the cellulose and / or hemicellulose into readily biodegradable intermediates.
  • the process according to the invention can be carried out using various microorganisms which can ferment the said substrates.
  • microorganisms are psychrophilic microorganisms.
  • the fermentation is carried out by mesophilic or thermophilic microorganisms.
  • Microorganisms are understood to mean microorganisms which have their growth optimum in a temperature range of, for example, 32 to 42 ° C.
  • mesophilic microorganisms examples are most eubacteria. "Thermophiles
  • Microorganisms ", however, have their optimum temperature preferably at temperatures of 50 to 57 0 C. Examples of thermophilic microorganisms can be found especially among the
  • thermophilic representatives among the Gram-positive bacteria such as. B among the classes of Clostridia and Bacilli. Examples include Clostridiales, Halanaerobiales or Thermoanaerobacteriales for the class of
  • Clostridia and Lactobacillales or Bacillales for the class Bacilli are Clostridia and Lactobacillales or Bacillales for the class Bacilli.
  • thermophilic or mesophilic microorganisms are selected from the classes of Methanomicrobia or Methanobacteria.
  • Methanomicrobia or Methanobacteria examples of members of these classes can be found among the families of Methanoplanaceae, Methanosarcinaceae or Methanobacteriaceae. These families include, but are not limited to, the genera Methanogenium, Methanospirillum, Methanoplanus, Methanosarcina, Methanococcoides, Methanotrix, Methanolobus or Methanothermobacter.
  • Genus Methanogenium are the species M. cariaci, M. marisnigri, M. olentangyi, M. thermophilicum. M. aggregands.
  • M. laubense or M. tationis An example of the genus Methanospirillum is the species M. lungatei. Examples of the genus Methanosarcina are M. limicola, M. barkeri, M. mazei. M. thermophila, M. acetivorans or M. vacuolate. An example of the genus Methanococcoides is M. methylutents. Examples of the genus Mathanotrix are M. soehngenii or M. concilli. An example of the genus Methanolobus is M. tindarius. An example of the genus Methanothermobacter is M. thermoautotrophicus.
  • microorganisms are often already present in the fermentation substrate or in the biomass. According to the invention, however, the addition of microorganisms is envisaged here in order to further increase the yields.
  • individual members of the aforementioned genera, as well as suitable mixtures of these can be added.
  • suitable mixtures include M. soehngenii with M. thermoautotrophicus (formerly Methanobacterium thermoautrophicum), e.g. B. are known as CO 2 - reducer.
  • the fermentation substrate consists of or contains plant biomass, zoomasse, biowaste or animal excreta.
  • vegetable biomass is meant biomass consisting of plants or parts of plants, such as dried plants or parts of plants, or fresh plants or parts of plants, such as sudangras, banana leaves or hay.
  • the vegetable biomass contains cellulose, hemicellulose or lignocellulose.
  • Cellulose is an unbranched polysaccharide consisting of several hundred to ten thousand ß-glucose molecules linked by a (1-4) ß-glycosidic linkage.Cellulose is the main constituent of plant cell walls and thus in almost all plants Only a few species of algae, such as the Bangiophycidae, do not contain any cellulose at certain stages of development.
  • Hemicellulose is a collective name for polysaccharides derived from various hexoses (eg glucose, mannose, galactose) and / or pentoses (eg arabinose, xylose) are constructed. If it is made up only of hexoses it is called hexosans, it is pentoses of pentoses. Hemicellulose comes z. B. reinforced in grain.
  • 'Lignocellulose' ' is a combination of cellulose and lignin, which serves as a supporting substance in wood cells. Lignocellulose is found mainly in wood.
  • the invention relates to a method in which fermentation substrates having an above-average proportion of plant biomass to be fermented are used.
  • the proportion of vegetable biomass is so high that an OTS content of more than 12%, preferably more than 15%, such as more than 20% is achieved in the reactor.
  • the vegetable biomass is straw, which according to the invention is preferably used in admixture with other biomass.
  • straw as a fermentation substrate. This proves, for example, to be particularly advantageous, since straw is obtained in particular in this country by its use as a stable infestation in animal husbandry and as a by-product of grain production in large quantities.
  • “zoomasse” refers to dead animals or parts of dead animals, some of which are also processed, but which are not decomposed or digested by other living things, such as butchers' products such as meat, sausages , Fish products or residues which are produced in the production of these, preference is given to those materials which have a high fat content.
  • Bio-waste is material of animal or plant origin that can be degraded by microorganisms, soil organisms or enzymes secreted by it, or it may already be in decomposition
  • biowaste include superimposed and thus non-edible food, kitchen waste and canteen waste, fat waste or waste from the food and feed industries.
  • Animal waste is the excrements of animals of all kinds, examples being manure, manure or guano, but also manure that is mixed with straw or other bedding materials, but according to the invention despite admixture of vegetable products under the term “animal excretions""' to be led.
  • the animal excretions are or contain manure or solid manure.
  • Manure is a mixture of animal excrement (excrement and urine) as well as water and sometimes also bedding like straw.
  • Solid manure is a stackable mixture of animal excrement and bedding, which may contain, for example, leftover food as well as drinking and cleaning water.
  • enzymes or algae preparations are added to the fermentation substrate.
  • enzymes are proteins which catalyze chemical reactions, for example they can occur within the cell membrane of a cell as so-called endoenzymes or are located on the outside of the cell membrane as exoenzymes or are excreted by cells in the groups of oxidoreductases, hydrolases or lyases, and they can be used in various dosage forms, for example in the form of pellets, liquid or in powder form.
  • algae refers in a broader sense to water-borne, plant-like creatures that carry out photosynthesis.
  • Algae preparations are understood to mean fresh algae as well as dosage forms of algae of any kind. These dosage forms can, for. B. dried and in powder form, as an extract or in a suspension. Preferably, the enzymes present in the algae preparations are still functional.
  • the addition of the enzymes or algae preparations takes place before, during or after the mechanical substrate comminution.
  • the addition of the algae preparations or the enzymes before or during the mechanical comminution facilitate the comminution of the fermentation substrate by the biological macromolecules such. As cellulose, be partially digested even before the actual crushing. Furthermore, the enzymes or algae preparations can already be mixed with the fermentation substrate by the comminution step.
  • An addition after the mechanical substrate comminution offers, for example, the advantage that the already comminuted fermentation substrate comes into closer contact with the enzymes or algae preparations due to its enlarged surface area.
  • the enzymes used are cellulases, hemicellulases, xylanases or pectinases.
  • Other enzymes that can be used, for example, are lipases or proteases.
  • the algae preparations are obtained from marine macroalgae.
  • microalgae refers to the species of algae whose habit is not microscopic algae or single cells, but which are visible to the naked eye, and species that meet these requirements occur, for example, within the brown, red and green algae ,
  • the marine macroalgae are brown or red algae.
  • Brown algae are marine, brown algae with generational changes A characteristic of these filamentous or leafy, in any case, mostly multicellular protists are brown dyes that mask the green chlorophyll.
  • the brown algae include the orders Ascoseirales, Cutleriales, Desmarestiales, Dictyotales, Ectocarpales, Fucales, Heterochordariaceae, Laminariales, Ralfsiaceae, Scytothamnales, Sphacelariales, Sporochnales, Syringodermatales or Tilopteridales.
  • the order of the fucales includes the families of Durvillaeaceae, Fucaceae, Himanthaliaceae, Hormosiraceae, Notheiaceae, Sargassaceae or Seirococcaceae.
  • the Fucaceae family includes the genera Ascophyllum, Fucus, Hesperophycus, Pelvetia, Pelvetiopsis, Silvetia or Xiphophora.
  • the genus Ascophyllum includes the species Ascophyllum nodosum.
  • Red algae are mostly marine algae, which have in common that the antennae for photosynthesis contain a red dye, for example, the red algae include the Bangiophyceae, Florideophyceae or Goniotrichales.
  • the brown algae Ascophyllum nodosum is used.
  • the enzymes or algae preparations are used in a concentration of 1 g / kg oTS.
  • Figure 1 Schematic representation of the time course of the periodic air entry
  • FIG. 2 Time dependence of the biogas rate from the air intake
  • Example ⁇ Implementation of the process according to the invention in a pilot plant
  • the fermentation substrate consists of 23.1 t of cattle slurry, 3.8 t of solid manure, 6.9 t of grass silage and 0.9 t of grain.
  • the supply of oTS was with this fermentation substrate 4805 kg / d. This resulted in a digested load of 6.01 kg oTS / W F x d.
  • the gas productivity before the beginning of the cyclic air intake was 2.42 m 1 x d.
  • the cyclical air intake and the addition of 4.8 kg algae preparations per day were started.
  • Example 2 In a laboratory experiment, the same fermentation substrate as in Example 1 was used in a reaction vessel with a volume of 1 liter. With addition of the same
  • Algae preparations in the same concentration under otherwise comparable conditions was then blown into the reactor for a period of 40 hours every 14 hours for 15 minutes.
  • the entry dose in air was higher by a factor of 5 than in the pilot plant
  • Example 1 The biogas yield could be increased by more than 200% due to the cyclical introduction of air (see FIG. 2).

Landscapes

  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Biotechnology (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Preparation Of Compounds By Using Micro-Organisms (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de production de biogaz, (a) la biomasse étant fermentée dans des conditions anaérobes; sauf que (b) pendant le processeur de fermentation, on ajoute au substrat de fermentation de manière dosée de l'air et/ou de l'oxygène. Selon l'invention, le procédé comporte au moins une étape. Dans une forme de réalisation préférée, une réduction de substrat mécanique précède la fermentation. Ce procédé est, de préférence, mis en oeuvre pour la production de biogaz dans le domaine agricole. Une application adéquate dans la fermentation de déchets anaérobe s'avère également possible, la biomasse végétale pouvant être utilisée dans chaque cas comme coferment. Le procédé selon l'invention permet d'obtenir des rendements de biogaz nettement plus élevés que selon l'art de la technique. Dans une forme de réalisation préférée, on ajoute au substrat des enzymes ou des préparations d'algues.
EP06762885A 2005-07-29 2006-07-28 Procede de production de biogaz Withdrawn EP1912900A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102005036374 2005-07-29
DE102005058771A DE102005058771A1 (de) 2005-07-29 2005-12-09 Modifiziertes einstufiges Nassgärverfahren zur Biogasgewinnung
PCT/EP2006/007504 WO2007014717A1 (fr) 2005-07-29 2006-07-28 Procede de production de biogaz

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1912900A1 true EP1912900A1 (fr) 2008-04-23

Family

ID=37307096

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP06762885A Withdrawn EP1912900A1 (fr) 2005-07-29 2006-07-28 Procede de production de biogaz

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1912900A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102005058771A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2007014717A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102007029102A1 (de) * 2007-06-21 2008-12-24 Tilco Biochemie Gmbh Präparat zur Optimierung der Methangas-Bildung in Biogasanlgen
DE102007048137C5 (de) * 2007-10-05 2019-06-19 Wilhelm Niemann Gmbh & Co. Verfahren und Aufbereitung von organischen Materialien für Biogasanlagen
DE102009003780B4 (de) * 2009-04-11 2014-07-10 Schmack Biogas Gmbh Methanogene Mikroorganismen zur Erzeugung von Biogas
PL408834A1 (pl) 2014-07-11 2016-01-18 Uniwersytet Warszawski Konsorcjum i preparat mikroorganizmów do katalizowania hydrolizy celulozy, preparat do suplementacji fermentacji metanowej, preparat złożony oraz zastosowanie i sposób je wykorzystujące
DE102015210871A1 (de) * 2015-06-15 2016-12-15 Verbio Vereinigte Bioenergie Ag Verfahren zur stofflichen Nutzung organischen Substrats
EP3867349B1 (fr) 2019-01-26 2023-08-16 Kazda, Marian Procédé de surveillance automatique de réacteurs de biogaz
US20220089467A1 (en) * 2020-09-22 2022-03-24 Roger Peters Garth Bason Biogas production with select macro algae and nanoparticles added to anaerobic digester feedstock
CN115140846A (zh) * 2022-07-06 2022-10-04 江苏聚庚科技有限公司 一种复合处理剂、制备方法及其在净化废水中的应用

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0143149A1 (fr) 1983-09-29 1985-06-05 Abwasserverband Raumschaft Lahr Procédé pour la réduction de la teneur en H2S dans les processus de dégradation anaérobie, en particulier dans la digestion de boues
DD255722A1 (de) 1986-11-05 1988-04-13 Dresden Komplette Chemieanlag Verfahren zur gewinnung von schwefelwasserstoffreduziertem, brennbarem biogas
DE19725823B4 (de) 1997-06-18 2004-07-08 Linde-Kca-Dresden Gmbh Verfahren zur Biogasgewinnung

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NL1004455C2 (nl) * 1996-11-06 1998-05-08 Pacques Bv Inrichting voor de biologische zuivering van afvalwater.

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0143149A1 (fr) 1983-09-29 1985-06-05 Abwasserverband Raumschaft Lahr Procédé pour la réduction de la teneur en H2S dans les processus de dégradation anaérobie, en particulier dans la digestion de boues
DD255722A1 (de) 1986-11-05 1988-04-13 Dresden Komplette Chemieanlag Verfahren zur gewinnung von schwefelwasserstoffreduziertem, brennbarem biogas
DE19725823B4 (de) 1997-06-18 2004-07-08 Linde-Kca-Dresden Gmbh Verfahren zur Biogasgewinnung

Non-Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
"Sicherheitstechnische Beurteilung eines verfahrens zur reduzierung des H2S-gehaltes im Faulgas aus der anaeroben stabilisierung von klarschlamm durch geregelte luftzudosierung", DVGW-FORSCHUNGSTELLE AM ENGLER-BUNTE INSTITUT DES UNIVERSITAT KARLSRUHE (TH), 17 May 1984 (1984-05-17), KARLSRUHE
MUNDING H.: "Untersuchungen zur reduzierung des schwefelwasserstoff-Bildung beim anaeroben abbau durch luftzugabe", BERICHT DES INSTITUTS FÜR INGENIEURBIOLOGIE UND BIOTECHNOLOGIE DES ABWASSERS, October 1987 (1987-10-01), KARLSRUHE
See also references of WO2007014717A1

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE102005058771A1 (de) 2007-02-08
WO2007014717A1 (fr) 2007-02-08

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
EP1912900A1 (fr) Procede de production de biogaz
WO2009016082A2 (fr) Procédé pour convertir de la biomasse constituée de matières premières renouvelables en biogaz dans des fermenteurs anaérobies
EP2935595B1 (fr) Procede et systeme pour la production de biogaz à partir de biomasse lignocellulosique
DE102008015609A1 (de) Biogasanlage und Verfahren zur Erzeugung von Biogas
DE102009009985A1 (de) Verfahren zur Aufkonzentration von Mikroorganismen in wässrigen Substraten
DE102008032409A1 (de) Verfahren zur Herstellung von Methan aus Prozeßwässern und biogenem Material
WO2010072219A1 (fr) Clostridium sporosphaeroides pour traiter de la biomasse
WO2009076947A2 (fr) Procédé de production de biogaz
DE4333177A1 (de) Verfahren zur Behandlung von biologisch abbaubaren Substraten
EP0589155B1 (fr) Traitement anaérobique de substrats à forte concentration en graisses
DE102014001912A1 (de) Verfahren zur stofflichen und energetischen Verwertung biogener Reststoffe von Anlagen zur Bioethanolgewinnung und Anordnung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens
EP2998386A2 (fr) Procede destine au fonctionnement d'une installation de biogaz
DE102011118067B4 (de) Aufbereitungsverfahren von Biomasse mit einer Zugabe mindestens eines Aktivators
DE102014001910A1 (de) Verfahren zur stofflichen und energetischen Verwertung biogener Reststoffe der Kartoffelverarbeitung und Anordnung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens
DE102014005270A1 (de) Verfahren zur Befähigung von Methanfermentationsanlagen zur stofflichen und energetischen Verwertung von lignocellulosehaltigen biogenen Einsatzstoffen und Anordnung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens
DE102014001907A1 (de) Verfahren zur stofflichen und energetischen Verwendung biogener Reststoffe von Braustätten und Anordnung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens
AT506498B1 (de) Verfahren zur fermentation von biomasse
DE102010033442A1 (de) Verfahren zur Aufkonzentration von Mikroorganismen in wässrigen Substraten
WO2010072220A1 (fr) Paenibacillus macerans pour traiter de la biomasse
EP3017052B1 (fr) Procédé d'initialisation du processus de fermentation dans des installations de production de biogaz
DE102018110469B4 (de) Zusatzstoff für die Biogasproduktion und Verfahren zur Herstellung des Zusatzstoffes
DE102013101882B4 (de) Verfahren zum Erzeugen von Methan aus versäuerter Biomasse
DE102016013620A1 (de) Verfahren zur stofflichen und energetischen Verwertung von Reststoffen der Zuckerrohrverarbeitung und Anordnung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens
DE102009003780A1 (de) Methanogene Mikroorganismen zur Erzeugung von Biogas
DE102014001909A1 (de) Verfahren zur stofflichen und energetischen Verwertung biogener Reststoffe von Anlagen zur Stärkeproduktion und Anordnung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 20080103

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC NL PL PT RO SE SI SK TR

TPAC Observations filed by third parties

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNTIPA

17Q First examination report despatched

Effective date: 20081208

TPAC Observations filed by third parties

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNTIPA

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: THE APPLICATION IS DEEMED TO BE WITHDRAWN

18D Application deemed to be withdrawn

Effective date: 20090421