EP1905954A1 - Turbine blade - Google Patents

Turbine blade Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1905954A1
EP1905954A1 EP06019710A EP06019710A EP1905954A1 EP 1905954 A1 EP1905954 A1 EP 1905954A1 EP 06019710 A EP06019710 A EP 06019710A EP 06019710 A EP06019710 A EP 06019710A EP 1905954 A1 EP1905954 A1 EP 1905954A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
blade
turbine
airfoil
turbine blade
attachment member
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP06019710A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Katharina Bergander
Georg Dr. Bostanjoglo
Tobias Dr. Buchal
Winfried Dr. Esser
Dirk Dr. Goldschmidt
Torsten Koch
Rudolf Küperkoch
Thorsten Mattheis
Jan Münzer
Ralf Müsgen
Matthias Dr. Oechsner
Ursula Pickert
Volker Dr. Vosberg
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG filed Critical Siemens AG
Priority to EP06019710A priority Critical patent/EP1905954A1/en
Publication of EP1905954A1 publication Critical patent/EP1905954A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
    • F01D5/30—Fixing blades to rotors; Blade roots ; Blade spacers
    • F01D5/3007—Fixing blades to rotors; Blade roots ; Blade spacers of axial insertion type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
    • F01D5/12—Blades
    • F01D5/14—Form or construction
    • F01D5/147—Construction, i.e. structural features, e.g. of weight-saving hollow blades
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2260/00—Function
    • F05B2260/30—Retaining components in desired mutual position
    • F05B2260/301—Retaining bolts or nuts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2240/00—Components
    • F05D2240/20—Rotors
    • F05D2240/30—Characteristics of rotor blades, i.e. of any element transforming dynamic fluid energy to or from rotational energy and being attached to a rotor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2250/00—Geometry
    • F05D2250/70—Shape

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a turbine blade, in particular a blade for a turbine of a thermal power plant with an airfoil and a fastening member for securing the turbine blade to a holding element of the turbine. Moreover, the invention relates to a turbine with such a turbine blade.
  • the attachment member is designed as a blade root and attachable to a rotor of the turbine.
  • Turbine blades of the aforementioned type are usually produced as castings. Due to a high accumulation of material in the region of the attachment member, or the blade root in the case of a blade, it often comes to impurities or inclusions due to casting. These occur especially with turbine blades for higher turbine stages, such as turbine blades for turbine stages three and four. The impurities impair the technical usability or the optical design of the turbine blades. In general, however, it is a requirement owed to the service that the components of a turbine are optically perfect. Therefore, in prior art turbine blades faulty areas are reworked by hand after the usual mechanical processing, such as by blending or by recesses. As a rule, this reworking leads to a visual impairment or even to a non-usability of the turbine blades. This is certainly the case if permissible specification limits of the reworked areas are exceeded.
  • This object is achieved according to the invention with a generic turbine blade, wherein the blade and the fastening member are designed as two or as separate components and secured together.
  • the object is achieved according to the invention with a turbine for a thermal power plant, which is provided with such a turbine blade.
  • the object is achieved according to the invention with an airfoil for a turbine blade of a turbine of a thermal power plant comprising a fastening member for securing the turbine blade to a rotor of the turbine, wherein the airfoil is formed separately from the fastening member and is designed such that it on the blade root is fastened.
  • the object is achieved according to the invention with a fastening member for a turbine blade comprising a blade of a turbine, wherein the fastening member is formed separately from the airfoil and is designed such that it can be fastened to the airfoil.
  • the attachment member is formed as a blade root and serves to fasten the turbine blade to the holding member in the form of a rotor of the turbine.
  • the turbine blade generally has a longitudinal extent with which it is arranged in the state attached to the holding element of the turbine radially to the rotor of the turbine.
  • the airfoil and the fastening member are fastened or fastened to one another in such a way that the attachment of a relative force between the airfoil and the fastening element counteracts parallel to the longitudinal extent of the turbine blade.
  • the separate execution of the blade and the attachment member of the turbine blade allows easier and error-free production of the individual components.
  • the geometry of the individual components Compared to the integral production of the turbine blade from a single piece simplified by the separate production the components according to the invention, the geometry of the individual components.
  • different materials for the airfoil and the fastener may be used in the turbine blade according to the invention, which are each adapted to the different mechanical requirements of the components. This measure improves the mechanical properties of the turbine blade as a whole.
  • it is possible by the separate design of the blade and the attachment member to use different manufacturing processes for the corresponding components.
  • the airfoil can be cast while the attachment member is forged.
  • the fastening member can be used in the same form for turbine blades of different turbine stages.
  • the fastener in particular the blade root of a blade can be designed as a standard component, which is combined with blades for different turbine stage. This reduces the manufacturing and construction costs for turbine blades of different turbine stages.
  • Another advantage of the turbine blade according to the invention is to be able to exchange the individual components of the turbine blade separately as part of a maintenance or a refurbishment.
  • the blade and the fastener can be replaced according to their different wear intervals.
  • each of the two components is first checked for errors after its manufacture and only error-free components are then connected to each other.
  • the blade and the attachment member are fastened to each other by means of a positive connection.
  • the airfoil and the attachment member are engaged with each other. This allows a robust connection of the two components, which withstands the centrifugal forces occurring during operation of the turbine.
  • the positive connection between the blade and the attachment member is designed such that the blade and the attachment member are interlocked.
  • the toothing of the two components takes place in particular via a Christmas tree profile or a dovetail in one of the two components and a recess adapted thereto in the respective other component.
  • the airfoil is provided with a Tannenbaumprofil having male member.
  • the male element advantageously has wedge-shaped elements protruding transversely to the longitudinal extension of the turbine blade.
  • a particularly robust connection between the airfoil and the attachment member can be made when the airfoil and the attachment member are fastened together by a groove / land connection extending along the rotor axis with the turbine blade attached to a rotor of the turbine.
  • a groove / web connection is interlocked with one another in such a way that the airfoil is fixed to the fastening member in the direction of the longitudinal extent of the turbine blade.
  • Such a groove / web connection makes it possible to easily fasten the blade to the attachment member.
  • the groove / web connection extends transversely to the longitudinal extent of the turbine blade. A connection of the airfoil with the fastener can thus be done by simply telescoping the two components.
  • the turbine blade has at least one fastening bolt with which the blade is fastened to the fastening member.
  • each attachment bolt passes through the airfoil and / or attachment member in a direction transverse to the longitudinal extent of the turbine blade.
  • the attachment member has a web-like male member which is inserted into a groove of the airfoil adapted thereto.
  • Each fastening bolt is expediently used to positively connect the groove and web of the two components with each other.
  • the fastening bolts can be inserted transversely to the extent of the groove / web connection in each case a corresponding bore.
  • fastening bolts are evenly distributed along the groove / web connection.
  • the turbine blade has a blade platform for partially delimiting a flow channel of the turbine, wherein the fastening member is formed integrally with the blade platform.
  • the blade platform serves to confine the flow medium, which may include superheated steam or hot gas, in a radial direction of the turbine.
  • the one-piece design of the attachment member with the blade platform is particularly advantageous.
  • the blade platform is formed integrally with the blade root, which is fixed in the rotor of the turbine.
  • the airfoil is formed integrally with a blade platform for partially bounding a flow channel of the turbine. This prevents flow medium from the flow channel of the turbine, such as hot steam or hot gas penetrates into the attachment region between the airfoil and the fastening member. Such penetration of flow medium could lead to a loosening of the compound.
  • the blade and the attachment member on different materials.
  • the airfoil is made of a different material or a different material composition than the attachment member.
  • the blade has intermetallic phases, and thus homogeneous chemical compounds of two or more metals.
  • the attachment member, in particular the blade root is expediently produced from a casting material based on nickel.
  • the blade is designed as a casting and the attachment member or the blade root is either a casting or a forged part. By the cast execution of the airfoil good high temperature strength properties can be achieved.
  • a forged blade root has good dynamic strength properties.
  • FIG. 1 shows a first embodiment of a turbine blade 10 according to the invention in the form of a blade for a turbine of a thermal power plant, in particular for a gas turbine or a steam turbine.
  • the turbine blade 10 has a longitudinal extent extending essentially along a longitudinal axis 12 and comprises the blade 14 and a fastening element 16 in the form of a blade root.
  • the attachment member 16 is for securing the turbine blade 10 to a rotor of the turbine.
  • the fastening member 16 has a plug-in section 18 with a fir-tree-shaped profile.
  • the turbine blade 10 further comprises a paddle platform 20 which is integral with the attachment member 16.
  • the blade platform 20 serves to partially limit a flow channel of the associated turbine.
  • the airfoil 14 and the attachment member 16 are designed as separate components and fixed in a form-fitting manner to each other.
  • the airfoil 14 has a plug-in section 2.
  • the profile of the male portion 22 has a fir tree shape in a sectional plane extending in the attached state of the turbine blade transversely to an axial extent of the turbine rotor.
  • the attachment member 16 has a receiving area 24 adapted to the shape of the insertion portion 22 of the airfoil 14.
  • the insertion portion 22 and the receiving portion 24 extend perpendicular to the plane of the drawing according to FIG. 1 or parallel or obliquely to the axial extent of the rotor of the turbine, and substantially straight.
  • the blade 14 For attachment of the airfoil 14 on the Attachment member 16, the blade 14 is inserted with its insertion portion 22 along the longitudinal extension of the receiving area 24, that is perpendicular to the plane of the drawing of FIG. 1, in the receiving area 24.
  • the male portion 22 By engaging the male portion 22 with the receiving portion 24, a positive connection between the airfoil 14 and the attachment member 16 is formed.
  • the second embodiment of the turbine blade 10 according to the invention shown in FIG. 2 differs from the first embodiment shown in FIG. 1 in that the blade platform 20 is not made in one piece with the attachment member 16 but integrally with the airfoil 14.
  • FIG. 3 shows a third embodiment of the turbine blade according to the invention.
  • the blade platform 20 is integral with the attachment member 16 as in the first embodiment of FIG.
  • the positive connection between the fastening member 16 and the blade 14 is designed in this case by means of a fastening bolt 30.
  • the fastening member 16 has a plug-in section 26 in the form of a web, which runs in the rotor-mounted state of the turbine blade 10 parallel to the rotor axis.
  • the male portion 26 is inserted into a receiving portion 28 formed in the lower portion of the airfoil 14 in the form of a groove.
  • a mounting bolt 30 is inserted transversely to the longitudinal axis 12 of the turbine blade 10 in a through the receiving portion 28 of the airfoil 14 and the insertion portion 26 of the mounting member 16 extending bore 32.
  • Fig. 4 fourth embodiment of the turbine blade according to the invention differs from the third embodiment shown in Fig. 3 only in that the blade platform 20 is not integral with the Attachment member 16, but is integral with the blade 14 is executed.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)

Abstract

The turbine blade (10) has a blade (14) and a fixing element (16) for fixing the turbine blade in a retaining element of the turbine. The blade and fixing element are carried out and fixed to each other as two components. The blade and fixing element are fixed by the form-fit connections. The form-fit connections are arranged in such a manner that the blade and the fixing element are interlocked with one another. Independent claims are also included for the following : (1) a blade for a turbine blade (2) a fixing element for a blade, which has a turbine blade.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Turbinenschaufel, insbesondere eine Laufschaufel für eine Turbine eines thermischen Kraftwerks mit einem Schaufelblatt und einem Befestigungsglied zum Befestigen der Turbinenschaufel an einem Halteelement der Turbine. Darüber hinaus betrifft die Erfindung eine Turbine mit einer derartigen Turbinenschaufel. In dem Fall, in dem die Turbinenschaufel als Laufschaufel gestaltet ist, ist das Befestigungsglied als Schaufelfuß gestaltet und an einem Rotor der Turbine befestigbar.The invention relates to a turbine blade, in particular a blade for a turbine of a thermal power plant with an airfoil and a fastening member for securing the turbine blade to a holding element of the turbine. Moreover, the invention relates to a turbine with such a turbine blade. In the case where the turbine blade is designed as a blade, the attachment member is designed as a blade root and attachable to a rotor of the turbine.

Turbinenschaufeln der vorgenannten Art werden in der Regel als Gussteile hergestellt. Durch eine hohe Materialanhäufung im Bereich des Befestigungsgliedes, bzw. des Schaufelfußes im Fall einer Laufschaufel, kommt es gussbedingt häufig zu Verunreinigungen bzw. Einschlüssen. Diese treten besonders bei Turbinenschaufeln für höhere Turbinenstufen, wie etwa bei Turbinenschaufeln für die Turbinenstufen drei und vier auf. Durch die Verunreinigungen wird die technische Verwendbarkeit bzw. die optische Ausführung der Turbinenschaufeln beeinträchtigt. Im Allgemeinen ist es aber eine dem Service geschuldete Anforderung, dass die Bauteile einer Turbine optisch einwandfrei sind. Daher werden bei vorbekannten Turbinenschaufeln fehlerhafte Stellen nach der üblichen mechanischen Bearbeitung händisch nachgearbeitet, wie etwa durch Blenden oder durch Ausmulden. In der Regel führt dieses Nacharbeiten zu einer optischen Beeinträchtigung oder sogar zu einer Nichtverwendbarkeit der Turbinenschaufeln. Dies ist jedenfalls der Fall, wenn zulässige Spezifikationsgrenzen der nachgearbeiteten Bereiche überschritten werden.Turbine blades of the aforementioned type are usually produced as castings. Due to a high accumulation of material in the region of the attachment member, or the blade root in the case of a blade, it often comes to impurities or inclusions due to casting. These occur especially with turbine blades for higher turbine stages, such as turbine blades for turbine stages three and four. The impurities impair the technical usability or the optical design of the turbine blades. In general, however, it is a requirement owed to the service that the components of a turbine are optically perfect. Therefore, in prior art turbine blades faulty areas are reworked by hand after the usual mechanical processing, such as by blending or by recesses. As a rule, this reworking leads to a visual impairment or even to a non-usability of the turbine blades. This is certainly the case if permissible specification limits of the reworked areas are exceeded.

Es ist eine Aufgabe der Erfindung, eine Turbinenschaufel der eingangs genannten Art dahingehend zu verbessern, dass die Turbinenschaufel mit einem geringeren Fertigungsaufwand und/oder einer verbesserten Qualität hergestellt werden kann.It is an object of the invention to improve a turbine blade of the type mentioned in that the turbine blade can be produced with a lower manufacturing cost and / or improved quality.

Diese Aufgabe ist erfindungsgemäß mit einer gattungsgemäßen Turbinenschaufel gelöst, bei der das Schaufelblatt und das Befestigungsglied als zwei bzw. als separate Bauteile ausgeführt und aneinander befestigt sind. Darüber hinaus ist die Aufgabe erfindungsgemäß mit einer Turbine für ein thermisches Kraftwerk gelöst, die mit einer derartigen Turbinenschaufel versehen ist. Ferner ist die Aufgabe erfindungsgemäß mit einem Schaufelblatt für eine Turbinenschaufel einer Turbine eines thermischen Kraftwerks gelöst, die ein Befestigungsglied zum Befestigen der Turbinenschaufel an einem Rotor der Turbine umfasst, wobei das Schaufelblatt separat vom Befestigungsglied ausgebildet ist und derart gestaltet ist, dass es an dem Schaufelfuß befestigbar ist. Weiterhin ist die Aufgabe erfindungsgemäß mit einem Befestigungsglied für eine ein Schaufelblatt umfassende Turbinenschaufel einer Turbine gelöst, wobei das Befestigungsglied separat vom Schaufelblatt ausgebildet ist und derart gestaltet ist, dass es an dem Schaufelblatt befestigbar ist.This object is achieved according to the invention with a generic turbine blade, wherein the blade and the fastening member are designed as two or as separate components and secured together. Moreover, the object is achieved according to the invention with a turbine for a thermal power plant, which is provided with such a turbine blade. Furthermore, the object is achieved according to the invention with an airfoil for a turbine blade of a turbine of a thermal power plant comprising a fastening member for securing the turbine blade to a rotor of the turbine, wherein the airfoil is formed separately from the fastening member and is designed such that it on the blade root is fastened. Furthermore, the object is achieved according to the invention with a fastening member for a turbine blade comprising a blade of a turbine, wherein the fastening member is formed separately from the airfoil and is designed such that it can be fastened to the airfoil.

In dem Fall, in dem die Turbinenschaufel als Laufschaufel ausgebildet ist, ist das Befestigungsglied als Schaufelfuß ausgebildet und dient dazu, die Turbinenschaufel an dem Halteelement in Gestalt eines Rotors der Turbine zu befestigten. Die Turbinenschaufel weist allgemein eine Längserstreckung auf, mit der sie im an dem Halteelement der Turbine befestigten Zustand radial zu dem Rotor der Turbine angeordnet ist. Insbesondere sind das Schaufelblatt und das Befestigungsglied derart aneinander befestigbar bzw. befestigt, dass die Befestigung einer Relativkraft zwischen dem Schaufelblatt und dem Befestigungselement parallel zur Längserstreckung der Turbinenschaufel entgegenwirkt.In the case where the turbine blade is formed as a blade, the attachment member is formed as a blade root and serves to fasten the turbine blade to the holding member in the form of a rotor of the turbine. The turbine blade generally has a longitudinal extent with which it is arranged in the state attached to the holding element of the turbine radially to the rotor of the turbine. In particular, the airfoil and the fastening member are fastened or fastened to one another in such a way that the attachment of a relative force between the airfoil and the fastening element counteracts parallel to the longitudinal extent of the turbine blade.

Die getrennte Ausführung des Schaufelblatts und des Befestigungsglieds der Turbinenschaufel ermöglicht eine einfachere und fehlerfreiere Herstellung der einzelnen Bauteile. Im Vergleich zur integralen Herstellung der Turbinenschaufel aus einem Stück vereinfacht sich durch die separate Herstellung der Bauteile erfindungsgemäß die Geometrie der einzelnen Bauteile. Insbesondere die gusstechnische Ausführung des Blattes und des Befestigungsgliedes, insbesondere des Schaufelfußes im Fall einer Laufschaufel, lässt sich für die getrennten Bauteile einfacher realisieren. Damit kommt es zu weniger Verunreinigungen und Einschlüssen, was die technische Vereinbarkeit sowie die optische Ausführung der einzelnen Bauteile verbessert. Auch können bei der erfindungsgemäßen Turbinenschaufel unterschiedliche Werkstoffe für das Schaufelblatt und das Befestigungselement zur Verwendung kommen, die jeweils an die unterschiedlichen mechanischen Anforderungen der Bauteile angepasst sind. Diese Maßnahme verbessert die mechanischen Eigenschaften der Turbinenschaufel insgesamt. Weiterhin ist es durch die getrennte Ausführung des Schaufelblattes und des Befestigungsgliedes möglich, unterschiedliche Herstellungsverfahren für die entsprechenden Bauteile zu verwenden. So kann etwa das Schaufelblatt gegossen werden, während das Befestigungsglied geschmiedet wird.The separate execution of the blade and the attachment member of the turbine blade allows easier and error-free production of the individual components. Compared to the integral production of the turbine blade from a single piece simplified by the separate production the components according to the invention, the geometry of the individual components. In particular, the cast-technical design of the blade and the attachment member, in particular the blade root in the case of a blade, can be realized for the separate components easier. This results in fewer impurities and inclusions, which improves the technical compatibility and the optical design of the individual components. Also, different materials for the airfoil and the fastener may be used in the turbine blade according to the invention, which are each adapted to the different mechanical requirements of the components. This measure improves the mechanical properties of the turbine blade as a whole. Furthermore, it is possible by the separate design of the blade and the attachment member to use different manufacturing processes for the corresponding components. For example, the airfoil can be cast while the attachment member is forged.

Weiterhin kann etwa das Befestigungsglied in gleicher Form für Turbinenschaufeln unterschiedlicher Turbinenstufen verwendet werden. So kann das Befestigungselement, insbesondere der Schaufelfuß einer Laufschaufel als Standardkomponente gestaltet werden, die mit Schaufelblättern für unterschiedliche Turbinenstufe kombiniert wird. Damit verringert sich der Fertigungs- und Konstruktionsaufwand für Turbinenschaufeln unterschiedlicher Turbinenstufen. Ein weiterer Vorteil der erfindungsgemäßen Turbinenschaufel besteht darin, die einzelnen Bauteile der Turbinenschaufel im Rahmen einer Wartung bzw. eines Refurbishments separat austauschen zu können. So kann das Schaufelblatt und das Befestigungselement entsprechend ihrer unterschiedlichen Verschleißintervalle ausgetauscht werden. Darüber hinaus wird durch die erfindungsgemäße Ausführung der Turbinenschaufel bei der Herstellung derselben entstehender Ausschuss verringert. So wird jedes der beiden Bauteile nach seiner Herstellung zunächst auf Fehler überprüft und lediglich fehlerfreie Bauteile werden daraufhin miteinander verbunden. Damit wird verhindert, dass ein gusstechnisch fehlerfrei ausgeführtes Schaufelblatt erst durch eine fehlerhafte mechanische Bearbeitung etwa des Schaufelfußes zu Ausschuss wird. Auch reduzieren sich die Ausschusskosten bei Gussfehlern, da durch den modularen Aufbau der Turbinenschaufel in der Regel lediglich eines der Bauteile der Turbinenschaufel zu Ausschuss wird:Furthermore, about the fastening member can be used in the same form for turbine blades of different turbine stages. Thus, the fastener, in particular the blade root of a blade can be designed as a standard component, which is combined with blades for different turbine stage. This reduces the manufacturing and construction costs for turbine blades of different turbine stages. Another advantage of the turbine blade according to the invention is to be able to exchange the individual components of the turbine blade separately as part of a maintenance or a refurbishment. Thus, the blade and the fastener can be replaced according to their different wear intervals. In addition, is reduced by the inventive design of the turbine blade in the production of the same resulting Committee. Thus, each of the two components is first checked for errors after its manufacture and only error-free components are then connected to each other. This prevents a casting technology faultlessly executed airfoil only becomes defective due to faulty mechanical processing of the blade root, for example. In addition, the scrap costs in the case of casting defects are reduced since, as a rule, only one of the components of the turbine blade is rejected as a result of the modular construction of the turbine blade:

In einer vorteilhaften Ausführungsform der Turbinenschaufel sind das Schaufelblatt und das Befestigungsglied mittels einer formschlüssigen Verbindung aneinander befestigt. Insbesondere stehen das Schaufelblatt und das Befestigungsglied miteinander in Eingriff. Dies ermöglicht eine robuste Verbindung der beiden Bauteile, die den im Betrieb der Turbine auftretenden Fliehkräften standhält.In an advantageous embodiment of the turbine blade, the blade and the attachment member are fastened to each other by means of a positive connection. In particular, the airfoil and the attachment member are engaged with each other. This allows a robust connection of the two components, which withstands the centrifugal forces occurring during operation of the turbine.

Zweckmäßigerweise ist die formschlüssige Verbindung zwischen dem Schaufelblatt und dem Befestigungsglied derart gestaltet, dass das Schaufelblatt und das Befestigungsglied miteinander verzahnt sind. Die Verzahnung der beiden Bauteile erfolgt insbesondere über ein Tannenbaumprofil oder einen Schwalbenschwanz in einem der beiden Bauteile und eine daran angepasste Ausnehmung in dem jeweils anderen Bauteil. Insbesondere ist das Schaufelblatt mit einem ein Tannenbaumprofil aufweisenden Einsteckelement versehen. Dabei weist das Einsteckelement vorteilhafterweise quer zur Längserstreckung der Turbinenschaufel abstehende keilförmige Elemente auf.Conveniently, the positive connection between the blade and the attachment member is designed such that the blade and the attachment member are interlocked. The toothing of the two components takes place in particular via a Christmas tree profile or a dovetail in one of the two components and a recess adapted thereto in the respective other component. In particular, the airfoil is provided with a Tannenbaumprofil having male member. In this case, the male element advantageously has wedge-shaped elements protruding transversely to the longitudinal extension of the turbine blade.

Eine besonders robuste Verbindung zwischen Schaufelblatt und dem Befestigungsglied lässt sich herstellen, wenn das Schaufelblatt und das Befestigungsglied mittels einer Nut/Steg-Verbindung aneinander befestigbar bzw. befestigt sind, die sich bei an einem Rotor der Turbine befestigte Turbinenschaufel entlang der Rotorachse erstreckt. Vorteilhafterweise ist eine solche Nut/Steg-Verbindung derart miteinander verzahnt, dass das Schaufelblatt in Richtung der Längserstreckung der Turbinenschaufel an dem Befestigungsglied festgelegt ist. Eine derartige Nut/Steg-Verbindung ermöglicht es, auf einfache Weise das Schaufelblatt an dem Befestigungsglied zu befestigten. So ist es weiterhin vorteilhaft, wenn sich die Nut/Steg-Verbindung quer zur Längserstreckung der Turbinenschaufel erstreckt. Eine Verbindung des Schaufelblattes mit dem Befestigungselement kann damit durch einfaches ineinanderschieben der beiden Bauteile erfolgen.A particularly robust connection between the airfoil and the attachment member can be made when the airfoil and the attachment member are fastened together by a groove / land connection extending along the rotor axis with the turbine blade attached to a rotor of the turbine. Advantageously, such a groove / web connection is interlocked with one another in such a way that the airfoil is fixed to the fastening member in the direction of the longitudinal extent of the turbine blade. Such a groove / web connection makes it possible to easily fasten the blade to the attachment member. Thus, it is also advantageous if the groove / web connection extends transversely to the longitudinal extent of the turbine blade. A connection of the airfoil with the fastener can thus be done by simply telescoping the two components.

Darüber hinaus ist es vorteilhaft, wenn die Turbinenschaufel mindestens einen Befestigungsbolzen aufweist, mit dem das Schaufelblatt an dem Befestigungsglied befestigt ist. Insbesondere durchsetzt jeder Befestigungsbolzen das Schaufelblatt und/oder das Befestigungsglied in einer Richtung quer zur Längserstreckung der Turbinenschaufel. Vorteilhafterweise weist das Befestigungsglied ein stegartiges Einsteckelement auf, das in eine daran angepasste Nut des Schaufelblattes eingesteckt wird. Jeder Befestigungsbolzen dient zweckmäßigerweise dazu, Nut und Steg der beiden Bauteile formschlüssig miteinander zu verbinden. So ist es zweckmäßig, wenn die Befestigungsbolzen dazu quer zur Erstreckung der Nut/Steg-Verbindung in jeweils eine entsprechende Bohrung einführbar ist. Mehrere Befestigungsbolzen sind entlang der Nut/Steg-Verbindung gleichmäßig verteilt.Moreover, it is advantageous if the turbine blade has at least one fastening bolt with which the blade is fastened to the fastening member. In particular, each attachment bolt passes through the airfoil and / or attachment member in a direction transverse to the longitudinal extent of the turbine blade. Advantageously, the attachment member has a web-like male member which is inserted into a groove of the airfoil adapted thereto. Each fastening bolt is expediently used to positively connect the groove and web of the two components with each other. Thus, it is expedient if the fastening bolts can be inserted transversely to the extent of the groove / web connection in each case a corresponding bore. Several fastening bolts are evenly distributed along the groove / web connection.

Weiterhin ist es vorteilhaft, wenn die Turbinenschaufel eine Schaufelplattform zum teilweisen Begrenzen eines Strömungskanals der Turbine aufweist, wobei das Befestigungsglied einstückig mit der Schaufelplattform ausgebildet ist. Die Schaufelplattform dient insbesondere zum Begrenzen des Strömungsmediums, das Heißdampf oder Heißgas umfassen kann, in einer radialen Richtung der Turbine. Im Falle einer Laufschaufel ist die einstückige Ausführung des Befestigungsglieds mit der Schaufelplattform besonders vorteilhaft. Dabei ist die Schaufelplattform einstückig mit dem Schaufelfuß ausgebildet, der im Rotor der Turbine befestigt ist. Damit wird die Verbindungsschnittstelle zwischen dem Schaufelblatt und dem Befestigungsglied nicht mit der durch die Schaufelplattform erzeugten Fliehkraft belastet. Die Verbindungsschnittstelle muss lediglich die Fliehkraftbelastung des Schaufelblattes aufnehmen.Furthermore, it is advantageous if the turbine blade has a blade platform for partially delimiting a flow channel of the turbine, wherein the fastening member is formed integrally with the blade platform. In particular, the blade platform serves to confine the flow medium, which may include superheated steam or hot gas, in a radial direction of the turbine. In the case of a blade, the one-piece design of the attachment member with the blade platform is particularly advantageous. In this case, the blade platform is formed integrally with the blade root, which is fixed in the rotor of the turbine. Thus, the connection interface between the airfoil and the attachment member is not loaded with the centrifugal force generated by the blade platform. The connection interface only has to absorb the centrifugal load of the airfoil.

In einer alternativen Ausführungsform der Erfindung ist das Schaufelblatt einstückig mit einer Schaufelplattform zum teilweisen Begrenzen eines Strömungskanals der Turbine ausgebildet. Damit wird verhindert, dass Strömungsmedium aus dem Strömungskanal der Turbine, wie etwa Heißdampf oder Heißgas in den Befestigungsbereich zwischen dem Schaufelblatt und dem Befestigungsglied eindringt. Derartiges Eindringen von Strömungsmedium könnte zu einer Lockerung der Verbindung führen.In an alternative embodiment of the invention, the airfoil is formed integrally with a blade platform for partially bounding a flow channel of the turbine. This prevents flow medium from the flow channel of the turbine, such as hot steam or hot gas penetrates into the attachment region between the airfoil and the fastening member. Such penetration of flow medium could lead to a loosening of the compound.

In einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausführungsform der Turbinenschaufel weisen das Schaufelblatt und das Befestigungsglied unterschiedliche Materialen auf. Damit ist das Schaufelblatt aus einem anderen Material bzw. einer anderen Materialzusammensetzung gefertigt als das Befestigungsglied. Vorteilhafterweise weist das Schaufelblatt intermetallische Phasen, und damit homogene chemische Verbindungen aus zwei oder mehr Metallen auf. Das Befestigungsglied, insbesondere der Schaufelfuß, ist zweckmäßigerweise aus einem Gussmaterial auf der Basis von Nickel hergestellt. Weiterhin ist es vorteilhaft, wenn das Schaufelblatt als Gussteil ausgeführt ist und das Befestigungsglied bzw. der Schaufelfuß entweder ein Gussteil oder ein geschmiedetes Teil ist. Durch die Gussausführung des Schaufelblattes, können gute Hochtemperaturfestigkeitseigenschaften erzielt werden. Ein geschmiedeter Schaufelfuß weist gute dynamische Festigkeitseigenschaften auf.In a further advantageous embodiment of the turbine blade, the blade and the attachment member on different materials. Thus, the airfoil is made of a different material or a different material composition than the attachment member. Advantageously, the blade has intermetallic phases, and thus homogeneous chemical compounds of two or more metals. The attachment member, in particular the blade root, is expediently produced from a casting material based on nickel. Furthermore, it is advantageous if the blade is designed as a casting and the attachment member or the blade root is either a casting or a forged part. By the cast execution of the airfoil good high temperature strength properties can be achieved. A forged blade root has good dynamic strength properties.

Nachfolgend werden Ausführungsbeispiele einer erfindungsgemäßen Turbinenschaufel anhand der beigefügten schematischen Zeichnungen näher erläutert. Es zeigt:

Fig. 1
eine Schnittansicht eines ersten Ausführungsbeispiels einer erfindungsgemäßen Turbinenschaufel,
Fig. 2
eine Schnittansicht eines zweiten Ausführungsbeispiels einer erfindungsgemäßen Turbinenschaufel,
Fig. 3
eine Schnittansicht eines dritten Ausführungsbeispiels einer erfindungsgemäßen Turbinenschaufel, sowie
Fig. 4
eine Schnittansicht eines vierten Ausführungsbeispiels einer erfindungsgemäßen Turbinenschaufel.
Exemplary embodiments of a turbine blade according to the invention are explained in more detail below with reference to the attached schematic drawings. It shows:
Fig. 1
a sectional view of a first embodiment of a turbine blade according to the invention,
Fig. 2
a sectional view of a second embodiment of a turbine blade according to the invention,
Fig. 3
a sectional view of a third embodiment of a turbine blade according to the invention, and
Fig. 4
a sectional view of a fourth embodiment of a turbine blade according to the invention.

Fig. 1 zeigt ein erstes Ausführungsbeispiel einer erfindungsgemäßen Turbinenschaufel 10 in Gestalt einer Laufschaufel für eine Turbine eines thermischen Kraftwerks, insbesondere für eine Gasturbine oder eine Dampfturbine. Die Turbinenschaufel 10 weist eine sich im Wesentlichen entlang einer Längsachse 12 erstreckende Längserstreckung auf und umfasst das Schaufelblatt 14 sowie ein Befestigungsglied 16 in Gestalt eines Schaufelfußes. Das Befestigungsglied 16 dient dem Befestigen der Turbinenschaufel 10 an einem Rotor der Turbine. Dazu weist das Befestigungsglied 16 einen Einsteckabschnitt 18 mit einem tannenbaumförmigen Profil auf. Die Turbinenschaufel 10 weist weiterhin eine Schaufelplattform 20 auf, die einstückig mit dem Befestigungsglied 16 ausgeführt ist. Die Schaufelplattform 20 dient dem teilweisen Begrenzen eines Strömungskanals der zugehörigen Turbine.1 shows a first embodiment of a turbine blade 10 according to the invention in the form of a blade for a turbine of a thermal power plant, in particular for a gas turbine or a steam turbine. The turbine blade 10 has a longitudinal extent extending essentially along a longitudinal axis 12 and comprises the blade 14 and a fastening element 16 in the form of a blade root. The attachment member 16 is for securing the turbine blade 10 to a rotor of the turbine. For this purpose, the fastening member 16 has a plug-in section 18 with a fir-tree-shaped profile. The turbine blade 10 further comprises a paddle platform 20 which is integral with the attachment member 16. The blade platform 20 serves to partially limit a flow channel of the associated turbine.

Das Schaufelblatt 14 und das Befestigungsglied 16 sind als voneinander separate Bauteile ausgeführt und formschlüssig aneinander befestigt. Zur formschlüssigen Befestigung weist das Schaufelblatt 14 einen Einsteckabschnitt 2 auf. Das Profil des Einsteckabschnitts 22 weist, in einer Schnittebene, die sich im befestigten Zustand der Turbinenschaufel quer zu einer Axialerstreckung des Turbinenrotors erstreckt, eine Tannenbaumform auf. Das Befestigungsglied 16 weist einen an die Form des Einsteckabschnitts 22 des Schaufelblattes 14 angepassten Aufnahmebereich 24 auf. Der Einsteckabschnitt 22 und der Aufnahmebereich 24 erstrecken sich senkrecht zur Zeichnungsebene gemäß Fig. 1 bzw. parallel oder schräg zur Axialerstreckung des Rotors der Turbine, und im wesentlich geradlinig. Zur Befestigung des Schaufelblattes 14 an dem Befestigungsglied 16 wird das Schaufelblatt 14 mit seinem Einsteckabschnitt 22 entlang der Längserstreckung des Aufnahmebereichs 24, d.h. senkrecht zur Zeichnungsebene gemäß Fig. 1, in den Aufnahmebereich 24 eingeschoben. Durch das in Eingriff treten des Einsteckabschnitts 22 mit dem Aufnahmebereich 24 wird eine formschlüssige Verbindung zwischen dem Schaufelblatt 14 und dem Befestigungsglied 16 gebildet.The airfoil 14 and the attachment member 16 are designed as separate components and fixed in a form-fitting manner to each other. For positive fastening, the airfoil 14 has a plug-in section 2. The profile of the male portion 22 has a fir tree shape in a sectional plane extending in the attached state of the turbine blade transversely to an axial extent of the turbine rotor. The attachment member 16 has a receiving area 24 adapted to the shape of the insertion portion 22 of the airfoil 14. The insertion portion 22 and the receiving portion 24 extend perpendicular to the plane of the drawing according to FIG. 1 or parallel or obliquely to the axial extent of the rotor of the turbine, and substantially straight. For attachment of the airfoil 14 on the Attachment member 16, the blade 14 is inserted with its insertion portion 22 along the longitudinal extension of the receiving area 24, that is perpendicular to the plane of the drawing of FIG. 1, in the receiving area 24. By engaging the male portion 22 with the receiving portion 24, a positive connection between the airfoil 14 and the attachment member 16 is formed.

Die in Fig. 2 dargestellte zweite Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Turbinenschaufel 10 unterscheidet sich von der in Fig. 1 dargestellten ersten Ausführungsform darin, dass die Schaufelplattform 20 nicht einstückig mit dem Befestigungsglied 16, sondern einstückig mit dem Schaufelblatt 14 ausgeführt ist.The second embodiment of the turbine blade 10 according to the invention shown in FIG. 2 differs from the first embodiment shown in FIG. 1 in that the blade platform 20 is not made in one piece with the attachment member 16 but integrally with the airfoil 14.

Fig. 3 zeigt eine dritte Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Turbinenschaufel. In dieser Ausführungsform ist die Schaufelplattform 20, wie in der ersten Ausführungsform gemäß Fig. 1 einstückig mit dem Befestigungsglied 16 ausgeführt. Die formschlüssige Verbindung zwischen dem Befestigungsglied 16 und dem Schaufelblatt 14 ist in diesem Fall mittels eines Befestigungsbolzens 30 gestaltet. Das Befestigungsglied 16 weist einen Einsteckabschnitt 26 in Gestalt eines Steges auf, der im am Rotor befestigten Zustand der Turbinenschaufel 10 parallel zur Rotorachse verläuft. Der Einsteckabschnitt 26 wird in einen im unteren Bereich des Schaufelblattes 14 ausgebildeten Aufnahmebereich 28 in Gestalt einer Nut eingeführt. Daraufhin wird ein Befestigungsbolzen 30 quer zur Längsachse 12 der Turbinenschaufel 10 in eine sich durch den Aufnahmebereich 28 des Schaufelblatts 14 und den Einsteckabschnitt 26 des Befestigungsglieds 16 erstreckende Bohrung 32 eingeführt.3 shows a third embodiment of the turbine blade according to the invention. In this embodiment, the blade platform 20 is integral with the attachment member 16 as in the first embodiment of FIG. The positive connection between the fastening member 16 and the blade 14 is designed in this case by means of a fastening bolt 30. The fastening member 16 has a plug-in section 26 in the form of a web, which runs in the rotor-mounted state of the turbine blade 10 parallel to the rotor axis. The male portion 26 is inserted into a receiving portion 28 formed in the lower portion of the airfoil 14 in the form of a groove. Thereafter, a mounting bolt 30 is inserted transversely to the longitudinal axis 12 of the turbine blade 10 in a through the receiving portion 28 of the airfoil 14 and the insertion portion 26 of the mounting member 16 extending bore 32.

Das in Fig. 4 dargestellte vierte Ausführungsbeispiel der erfindungsgemäßen Turbinenschaufel unterscheidet sich von dem in Fig. 3 gezeigten dritten Ausführungsbeispiel lediglich darin, dass die Schaufelplattform 20 nicht einstückig mit dem Befestigungsglied 16, sondern einstückig mit dem Schaufelblatt 14 ausgeführt ist.The illustrated in Fig. 4 fourth embodiment of the turbine blade according to the invention differs from the third embodiment shown in Fig. 3 only in that the blade platform 20 is not integral with the Attachment member 16, but is integral with the blade 14 is executed.

Claims (11)

Turbinenschaufel (10),
insbesondere Laufschaufel (10) für eine Turbine mit einem Schaufelblatt (14) und einem Befestigungsglied (16) zum Befestigen der Turbinenschaufel (10) an einem Halteelement der Turbine,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
das Schaufelblatt (14) und das Befestigungsglied (16) als zwei Bauteile ausgeführt und aneinander befestigt sind.Turbine blade (10),
in particular rotor blade (10) for a turbine with an airfoil (14) and a fastening member (16) for fastening the turbine blade (10) to a retaining element of the turbine,
characterized in that
the blade (14) and the fastening member (16) are designed as two components and fastened to each other. Turbinenschaufel (10) nach Anspruch 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
das Schaufelblatt (14) und das Befestigungsglied (16) mittels einer formschlüssigen Verbindung (22, 24; 26, 28, 30) aneinander befestigt sind.Turbine blade (10) according to claim 1,
characterized in that
the airfoil (14) and the fastening member (16) are secured together by means of a positive connection (22, 24; 26, 28, 30). Turbinenschaufel (10) nach Anspruch 2,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
die formschlüssige Verbindung derart gestaltet ist, dass das Schaufelblatt (14) und das Befestigungsglied (16) miteinander verzahnt sind.Turbine blade (10) according to claim 2,
characterized in that
the positive connection is designed such that the airfoil (14) and the fastening member (16) are intermeshed. Turbinenschaufel (10) nach einem der vorausgehenden Ansprüche,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
das Schaufelblatt (14) und das Befestigungsglied (16) mittels einer Nut/Steg-Verbindung (22, 24; 26, 28) aneinander befestigt sind, die sich bei an einem Rotor der Turbine befestigter Turbinenschaufel (10) entlang der Rotorachse erstreckt.Turbine blade (10) according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that
the airfoil (14) and the attachment member (16) are secured together by a groove / land connection (22, 24, 26, 28) extending along the rotor axis with the turbine blade (10) attached to a rotor of the turbine. Turbinenschaufel (10) nach einem der vorausgehenden Ansprüche,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
die Turbinenschaufel (10) mindestens einen Befestigungsbolzen (30) aufweist, mit dem das Schaufelblatt (14) an dem Befestigungsglied (16) befestigt ist.Turbine blade (10) according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that
the turbine blade (10) has at least one fastening bolt (30) with which the blade (14) is fastened to the fastening member (16). Turbinenschaufel (10) nach einem der vorausgehenden Ansprüche,
gekennzeichnet durch
eine Schaufelplattform (20) zum teilweisen Begrenzen eines Strömungskanals der Turbine, wobei das Befestigungsglied (16) einstückig mit der Schaufelplattform (20) ausgebildet ist.Turbine blade (10) according to one of the preceding claims,
marked by
a blade platform (20) for partially defining a flow channel of the turbine, wherein the attachment member (16) is formed integrally with the blade platform (20). Turbinenschaufel (10) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5,
gekennzeichnet durch
eine Schaufelplattform (20) zum teilweisen Begrenzen eines Strömungskanals der Turbine, wobei das Schaufelblatt (14) einstückig mit der Schaufelplattform (20) ausgebildet ist.Turbine blade (10) according to one of claims 1 to 5,
marked by
a blade platform (20) for partially defining a flow channel of the turbine, wherein the airfoil (14) is formed integrally with the blade platform (20). Turbinenschaufel (10) nach einem der vorausgehenden Ansprüche,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
das Schaufelblatt (14) und das Befestigungsglied (16) unterschiedliche Materialien aufweisen.Turbine blade (10) according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that
the airfoil (14) and the attachment member (16) have different materials. Schaufelblatt (14) für eine Turbinenschaufel,
insbesondere nach einem der vorausgehenden Ansprüche,
die ein Befestigungsglied (16) zum Befestigen der Turbinenschaufel an einem Rotor der Turbine umfasst,
wobei das Schaufelblatt (14) separat vom Befestigungsglied (16) ausgebildet ist und derart gestaltet ist, dass es an dem Befestigungsglied (16) befestigbar ist.Airfoil (14) for a turbine blade,
in particular according to one of the preceding claims,
comprising a fixing member (16) for fixing the turbine blade to a rotor of the turbine,
wherein the airfoil (14) is formed separately from the attachment member (16) and configured to be attachable to the attachment member (16). Befestigungsglied (16) für eine ein Schaufelblatt (14) umfassende Turbinenschaufel (10),
insbesondere nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8,
wobei das Befestigungsglied (16) separat vom Schaufelblatt (14) ausgebildet ist und derart gestaltet ist, dass es an dem Schaufelblatt (14) befestigbar ist.Attachment member (16) for a turbine blade (10) comprising an airfoil (14),
in particular according to one of claims 1 to 8,
wherein the attachment member (16) is formed separately from the airfoil (14) and configured to be attachable to the airfoil (14). Turbine für ein thermisches Kraftwerk mit einer Turbinenschaufel (10) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8.Turbine for a thermal power plant with a turbine blade (10) according to one of claims 1 to 8.
EP06019710A 2006-09-20 2006-09-20 Turbine blade Withdrawn EP1905954A1 (en)

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