EP1905034A1 - Procede de quantification et de dequantification de la difference de niveaux de canal basee sur les informations de localisation de sources virtuelles - Google Patents

Procede de quantification et de dequantification de la difference de niveaux de canal basee sur les informations de localisation de sources virtuelles

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Publication number
EP1905034A1
EP1905034A1 EP06783342A EP06783342A EP1905034A1 EP 1905034 A1 EP1905034 A1 EP 1905034A1 EP 06783342 A EP06783342 A EP 06783342A EP 06783342 A EP06783342 A EP 06783342A EP 1905034 A1 EP1905034 A1 EP 1905034A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cld
quantization
vsli
channel audio
spatial
Prior art date
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Granted
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EP06783342A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1905034A4 (fr
EP1905034B1 (fr
Inventor
Jeong Il Seo
Kyeong Ok Kang
Jin Woo Hong
Kwang Ki Kim
Seung Kwon Beack
Min Soo Hahn
Sang Bae Chon
Koeng Mo Sung
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Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute ETRI
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Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute ETRI
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Application filed by Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute ETRI filed Critical Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute ETRI
Publication of EP1905034A1 publication Critical patent/EP1905034A1/fr
Publication of EP1905034A4 publication Critical patent/EP1905034A4/fr
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10L—SPEECH ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES OR SPEECH SYNTHESIS; SPEECH RECOGNITION; SPEECH OR VOICE PROCESSING TECHNIQUES; SPEECH OR AUDIO CODING OR DECODING
    • G10L19/00—Speech or audio signals analysis-synthesis techniques for redundancy reduction, e.g. in vocoders; Coding or decoding of speech or audio signals, using source filter models or psychoacoustic analysis
    • G10L19/02—Speech or audio signals analysis-synthesis techniques for redundancy reduction, e.g. in vocoders; Coding or decoding of speech or audio signals, using source filter models or psychoacoustic analysis using spectral analysis, e.g. transform vocoders or subband vocoders
    • G10L19/032—Quantisation or dequantisation of spectral components
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10L—SPEECH ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES OR SPEECH SYNTHESIS; SPEECH RECOGNITION; SPEECH OR VOICE PROCESSING TECHNIQUES; SPEECH OR AUDIO CODING OR DECODING
    • G10L19/00—Speech or audio signals analysis-synthesis techniques for redundancy reduction, e.g. in vocoders; Coding or decoding of speech or audio signals, using source filter models or psychoacoustic analysis
    • G10L19/008—Multichannel audio signal coding or decoding using interchannel correlation to reduce redundancy, e.g. joint-stereo, intensity-coding or matrixing

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to Spatial Audio Coding (SAC) of a multichannel audio signal and decoding of an audio bitstream generated by the SAC, and more particularly, to efficient quantization and dequantization of Channel Level Difference (CLD) used as a spatial parameter when SAC -based encoding of a multi- channel audio signal is performed.
  • SAC Spatial Audio Coding
  • CLD Channel Level Difference
  • SAC Spatial Audio Coding
  • MPEG Moving Picture Experts Group
  • SAC technology has been standardized and named “MPEG Surround” since 2002, and is described in detail in the ISO/IEC working document, ISO/IEC CD 14996-x (published on February 18, 2005 and hereinafter referred to as "SAC standard document").
  • the SAC approach is an encoding approach for improving transmission efficiency by encoding N number of multi-channel audio signals (N>2) using both a down-mix signal, which is mixed into mono or stereo, and a set of ancillary spatial parameters, which represent a human perceptual characteristic of the multi-channel audio signal.
  • the spatial parameters can include Channel Level Difference (CLD) representing a level difference between two channels according to time-frequency, Inter-channel Correlation/Coherence (ICC) representing correlation or coherence between two channels according to time-frequency, Channel Prediction Coefficient (CPC) for making it possible to reproduce a third channel from two channels by prediction, and so on.
  • CLD Channel Level Difference
  • ICC Inter-channel Correlation/Coherence
  • CPC Channel Prediction Coefficient
  • the CLD is a core element in restoring a power gain of each channel, and is extracted in various ways in the process of SAC encoding. As illustrated in FIG. IA, on the basis of one reference channel, the CLD is expressed by a power ratio of the reference channel to each of the other channels. For example, if there are six channel signals L, R, C, LFE, Ls and Rs, five power ratios can be obtained based on one reference channel, and CLDl through CLD5 correspond to levels obtained by applying a base- 10 logarithm to each of the five power ratios.
  • a multi-channel is divided into a plurality of channel pairs, and each of the channel pairs is analyzed on the basis of stereo, and, in each analysis step, one CLD value is extracted.
  • This is carried out by step-by-step use of a plurality of One-To-Two (OTT) modules, which take two input channels to one output channel.
  • OTT One-To-Two
  • any one of the input stereo signals is recognized as a reference channel, and a base- 10 logarithmic value of a power ratio of the reference channel to the other channel is output as a CLD value.
  • the CLD value has a dynamic range between - ⁇ and + ⁇ .
  • CLD quantization is performed by using a normalized quantization table.
  • An example of such a quantization table is given in the SAC standard document (see page 41, Table 57).
  • SAC standard document see page 41, Table 57.
  • quantization error is introduced, and thus spectrum information is distorted. For example, when 5 bits are used for the CLD quantization, 1he dynamic range of the CLD value will be limited to the range between -25 dB and +25 dB.
  • the present invention is directed to Channel Level Difference (CLD) quantization and dequantization methods capable of minimizing sound deterioration in the process of Spatial Audio Coding (SAC)-based encoding of a multi-channel audio signal.
  • CLD Channel Level Difference
  • SAC Spatial Audio Coding
  • the present invention is also directed to CLD quantization and dequantization methods capable of minimizing sound deterioration using advantages of quantization of Virtual Source Location Information (VSLI), which is replaceable with CLD, in the process of S AC -based encoding of a multi-channel audio signal.
  • VSLI Virtual Source Location Information
  • the present invention is directed to improving quality of sound without additional complexity by providing a VSLI-based CLD quantization table, which can be replaced by a CLD quantization table used for CLD quantization and dequantization in a Moving Picture Experts Group (MPEG)-4 SAC system.
  • MPEG Moving Picture Experts Group
  • a first aspect of the present invention provides a method for quantizing a Channel Level Difference (CLD) parameter used as a spatial parameter when Spatial Audio coding (SAC)-based encoding of an N-channel audio signal (N>1) is performed.
  • the CLD quantization method comprises the steps of extracting CLDs for each band from the N-channel audio signal, and quantizing the CLDs by reference to a Virtual Source Location Information (VSLI)-based CLD quantization
  • VSLI Virtual Source Location Information
  • a second aspect of the present invention provides a computer-readable recording medium on which is recorded a computer program for performing the CLD quantization method.
  • a third aspect of the present invention provides a method for encoding an N-
  • the method comprises the steps of down-mixing and encoding the N-channel audio signal, extracting spatial parameters including Channel Level Difference (CLD), Inter- channel Correlation/Coherence (ICC), and Channel Prediction Coefficient (CPC), for each band, from the N-channel audio signal and quantizing the extracted spatial parameters.
  • CLD Channel Level Difference
  • ICC Inter- channel Correlation/Coherence
  • CPC Channel Prediction Coefficient
  • the CLD is quantized by reference to a VSLI-based CLD quantization table designed using CLD quantization values derived from VSLI quantization values of the N-channel audio signal.
  • a fourth aspect of the present invention provides an apparatus for encoding an N-channel audio signal (N>1) based on Spatial Audio Coding (SAC).
  • the apparatus comprises an SAC encoding means down-mixing the N-channel audio signal to generate a down-mix signal and extracting spatial parameters including Channel Level Difference (CLD), Inter-channel Correlation/Coherence (ICC), and Channel Prediction Coefficient (CPC), for each band, from the N-channel audio signal, an audio encoding means generating a compressed audio bitstream from the down-mix signal generated by the SAC encoding means, a spatial parameter quantizing means quantizing the spatial parameters extracted by the SAC encoding means, and a spatial parameter encoding means encoding the quantized spatial parameter levels.
  • the spatial parameter quantizing means quantizes the CLD by reference to a Virtual Source Location Information (VSLI)-based CLD quantization table designed using CLD quantization values derived from VSLI quantization values of the N-channel audio signal.
  • VSLI Virtual Source Location Information
  • a fifth aspect of the present invention provides a method for dequantizing an encoded Channel Level Difference (CLD) quantization value when an encoded N- channel audio bitstream (N>1) is decoded based on Spatial Audio coding (SAC).
  • a sixth aspect of the present invention provides a computer-readable recording medium on which is recorded a computer program for performing the CLD dequantization method.
  • a seventh aspect of the present invention provides a method for decoding an encoded N-channel audio bitstream (N>1) based on Spatial Audio Coding (SAC).
  • the method comprises the steps of decoding the encoded N-channel audio bitstream, dequantizing a quantization value of at least one spatial parameter received together with the encoded N-channel audio bitstream, and synthesizing the decoded N- channel audio bitstream based on the dequantized spatial parameter to restore an N- channel audio signal.
  • a Channel Level Difference (CLD) included in the spatial parameter is dequantized by reference to a Virtual Source Location Information (VSLI)-based CLD quantization table designed using CLD quantization values derived from VSLI quantization values of the N-channel audio signal.
  • CLD Channel Level Difference
  • VSLI Virtual Source Location Information
  • An eighth aspect of the present invention provides an apparatus for decoding an encoded N-channel audio bitstream (N>1) based on Spatial Audio Coding (SAC).
  • the apparatus comprises means for decoding the encoded N-channel audio bitstream, means for decoding quantization values of at least one spatial parameter received together with the encoded N-channel audio bitstream, means for dequantizing the quantization values of the spatial parameter, and means for synthesizing the decoded N-channel audio bitstream based on the dequantized spatial parameter to restore an N-channel audio signal.
  • the means for dequantizing the quantization value of the spatial parameter dequantizes a Channel Level Difference (CLD) included in the spatial parameter by reference to a Virtual Source Location Information (VSLI)- based CLD quantization table designed using CLD quantization values derived from VSLI quantization values of the N-channel audio signal.
  • CLD Channel Level Difference
  • VSLI Virtual Source Location Information
  • the VSLI-based CLD quantization table created according to the present invention can replace the CLD quantization table used in an existing SAC system.
  • the VSLI-based CLD quantization table according to the present invention sound deterioration can be prevented as much as possible.
  • a Huffman codebook in compressing CLD indexes which is proposed in the present invention, it is possible to reduce a bit rate required to transmit the CLD.
  • FIGS. IA and IB conceptually illustrate a process of extracting Channel
  • CLD Level Difference
  • FIG. 2 schematically illustrates a configuration of a spatial audio coding (SAC) system to which the present invention is to be applied;
  • SAC spatial audio coding
  • FIGS. 3A and 3B are views for explaining a concept of VSLI serving as a reference of CLD quantization in accordance with the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is a graph showing CLD quantization values converted from VSLI quantization values in accordance with the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 schematically illustrates a configuration of a spatial audio coding
  • the SAC system can be divided into an encoding part of generating, encoding and transmitting a down-mix signal and spatial parameters from an N-channel audio signal and a decoding part of restoring the N-channel audio signal from the down- mix signal and spatial parameters transmitted from the encoding part.
  • the encoding part includes an SAC encoder 210, an audio encoder 220, a spatial parameter quantizer 230, and a spatial parameter encoder 240.
  • the decoding part includes an audio decoder 250, a spatial parameter decoder 260, a spatial parameter dequantizer 270, and an SAC decoder 280.
  • the SAC encoder 210 generates a down-mix signal from the input N- channel audio signal and analyzes spatial characteristics of the N-channel audio signal, thereby extracting spatial parameters such as Channel Level Difference (CLD), Inter-channel Correlation/Coherence (ICC), and Channel Prediction Coefficient (CPC).
  • CLD Channel Level Difference
  • ICC Inter-channel Correlation/Coherence
  • CPC Channel Prediction Coefficient
  • N (N > 1) multi-channel signal input into the SAC encoder 210 is decomposed into frequency bands by means of an analysis filter bank.
  • a quadrature mirror filter (QMF) is used. Spatial characteristics related to spatial perception are analyzed from sub-band signals, and spatial parameters such as CLD, ICC, and CPC are selectively extracted according to an encoding operation mode. Further, the sub-band signals are down-mixed and converted into a down-mix signal of a time domain by means of a QMF synthesis bank.
  • the down-mix signal may be replaced by a down-mix signal which is pre-produced by an acoustic engineer (or an artistic/hand-mixed down-mix signal).
  • the SAC encoder 210 adjusts and transmits the spatial parameters on the basis of the pre-produced down-mix signal, thereby optimizing multi-channel iestoration at the decoder.
  • the audio encoder 220 compresses the down-mix signal generated by the SAC encoder 210 or the artistic down-mix signal by using an existing audio compression technique (e.g. Moving Picture Experts Group (MPEG)-4, Advanced Audio Coding (AAC), MPEG-4 High Efficiency Advanced Audio Coding (HE- AAC), MPEG-4 Bit Sliced Arithmetic Coding (BSAC) etc.), thereby generating a compressed audio bitstream.
  • MPEG Moving Picture Experts Group
  • AAC Advanced Audio Coding
  • HE- AAC MPEG-4 High Efficiency Advanced Audio Coding
  • BSAC MPEG-4 Bit Sliced Arithmetic Coding
  • the spatial parameter quantizer 230 is provided with a quantization table, which is to be used to quantize each of the CLD, ICC and CPC. As described below, in order to minimize sound deterioration caused by quantizing the CLD using an existing normalized CLD quantization table, a
  • Virtual Source Location Information (VSLI)-based CLD quantization table can be used in the spatial parameter quantizer 230.
  • the spatial parameter encoder 240 performs entropy encoding in order to compress the spatial parameters quantized by the spatial parameter quantizer 230, and preferably performs Huffman encoding on quantization indexes of the spatial parameters using a Huffman codebook. As described below, the present invention proposes a new Huffman codebook in order to maximize transmission efficiency of CLD quantization indexes.
  • the audio decoder 250 decodes the audio bitstream compressed through the existing audio compression technique (e.g. MPEG-4, AAC, MPEG-4 HE-AAC, MPEG-4 BSAC, etc.).
  • the spatial parameter decoder 260 and the spatial parameter dequantizer 270 are modules for performing the inverse of the quantization and encoding performed by the spatial parameter quantizer 230 and the spatial parameter encoder 240.
  • the spatial parameter decoder 260 decodes the encoded quantization indexes of the spatial parameters on the basis of the Huffman codebook, and the spatial parameter dequantizer 270 obtains the spatial parameters corresponding to the quantization indexes from the quantization table.
  • the VSLI-based CLD quantization table and the Huffman codebook proposed in the present invention are used for the processes of decoding and dequantization of the spatial parameters.
  • the SAC decoder 280 restores the N multi-channel audio signals by synthesis of the audio bitstream decoded by the audio decoder 250 and the spatial parameters obtained by the spatial parameter dequantizer 270.
  • the SAC system can provide compatibility with an existing mono or stereo audio coding system.
  • the present invention is concerned with providing both the CLD quantization capable of minimizing sound deterioration resulting from quantization by utilizing advantages of the quantization of the VSLI representing a spatial audio image of the multi-channel audio signal.
  • the present invention is based on the fact that, in expressing an azimuth angle of the spatial audio image, human ears have
  • FIGS. 3 A and 3B are views for explaining a concept of VSLI serving as a reference of CLD quantization in accordance with the present invention.
  • FIG. 3A illustrates a stereo speaker environment in which two speakers are located at an angle
  • FIG. 3B is a view in which a stereo audio signal in the stereo speaker
  • the stereo or multi-channel audio signal can be represented by the magnitude vector of a down-mix audio signal and the VSLI that can be obtained by analyzing the each channel power of the multi-channel audio signals.
  • the multichannel audio signal represented in this way can be restored by projecting the magnitude vector according to the location vector of a sound source.
  • Equation 1 Equation 1
  • the VSLI calculated in this way has a value between A L and A R .
  • P L and P R can be restored from the VSLI as follows: First, the VSLI is mapped to a value, VSLI', between 0° and 90° using a Constant Power Panning (CPP) rule, as in
  • Equation 4 By using the VSLF mapped in this way and power P D of the down-mixed signal, P L and P R are calculated using Equations 4 and 5. Equation 4
  • the subject matter of the present invention concerns applying the advantages of quantization of the VSLI to quantization of the spatial parameter, the CLD.
  • the CLD can be expressed as in Equation 6. Equation 6
  • the CLD can be derived from the VSLI according to Equation 7. Equation 7
  • the CLD can be obtained by taking the natural logarithm, instead of the base- 10 logarithm, of the VSLI. Equation 8
  • Equations 7 and 8 can be directly used as spatial parameters of a general SAC system.
  • the CLD has a dynamic range between - ⁇
  • the main problem is quantization error caused by limitation of the dynamic range. Because all dynamic ranges of the CLD cannot be expressed with only a finite number of bits, the dynamic range of the CLD is limited to a predetermined level or less. As a result, quantization error is introduced, and the spectrum information is distorted. If 5 bits are used for the CLD quantization, the dynamic range of the CLD is limited to between -25 dB and +25 dB. In contrast, because the VSLI has a finite dynamic range of 90°, such
  • the number of quantization levels if 5 bits are used for the CLD quantization and a linear quantizer is applied, the number of quantization levels
  • the advantages of this VSLI quantization are applied to the CLD quantization of the stereo coding method, the CLD quantization table used in the existing SAC system can be replaced by a VSLI-based quantization table.
  • quantization is performed at a quantization interval of 3° and CLD conversion levels
  • a VSLI decision level for the VSLI quantization is decided by a middle value between neighboring quantization values.
  • the middle value is converted into the CLD and used as a decision level of the CLD quantization.
  • the VSLI-based CLD quantization decision level has a value other than the middle value between neighboring quantization values as seen in Table 2, unlike ordinary CLD quantization in which the decision level has the middle value between neighboring quantization values.
  • FIG. 4 is a graph showing CLD quantization values converted from VSLI quantization values in accordance with the present invention. As illustrated, when
  • Tables 3 through 7 below are VSLI-based CLD quantization tables created by using Tables 1 and 2, wherein Table 3 gives the CLD quantization values down to the fourth decimal place, Table 4 down to the third decimal place, Table 5 down to the second decimal place, Table 6 down to the first decimal place, and Table 7 to the integer.
  • the CLD quantization value using the VSLI can be calculated by taking a base- 10 logarithm or natural logarithm. When taking the natural logarithm, e rather than 10 is used as the base when spectrum information is restored by using the CLD value.
  • the CLD quantization values and the CLD quantization decision levels are expressed as integers by taking the base- 10 logarithm, it can be seen that there is a problem that some of the CLD quantization values are identical to some of the CLD quantization decision levels.
  • the CLD quantization values and decision levels using the natural logarithm are preferably used for actual quantization.
  • the CLD quantization values are derived by taking the natural logarithm rather than the base- 10 logarithm of the VSLI.
  • the VSLI-based CLD quantization table created in this way is employed in the spatial parameter quantizer 230 and the spatial parameter dequantizer 270 of the SAC system illustrated in FIG. 2, so that sound deterioration resulting from the CLD quantization error can be minimized. Further, the present invention proposes a Huffman codebook capable of optimizing Huffman encoding of the CLD quantization indexes derived on the basis of the above-described VSLI-based CLD quantization table.
  • the multi-channel audio signal is processed after being split into sub-bands of a frequency domain by means of a filter bank.
  • a differential coding method is applied to a quantization index of each sub-band, thereby classifying the quantization indexes into the quantization index of the fist sub-band and the other 19 differential indexes between neighboring sub-bands.
  • they may be divided into differential indexes between neighboring frames.
  • a probability distribution is calculated with respect to each of the three types of indexes classified in this way, and then the Huffman coding method is applied to each of the three types of indexes.
  • Table 13 is the Huffman codebook for the index of the first sub-band
  • Table 14 is the Huffman code book for the other indexes between neighboring sub-bands.
  • the Huffman codebooks proposed in the present invention are employed to the spatial parameter encoder 240 and the spatial parameter decoder 260 of the SAC system illustrated in FIG. 2, so that a bit rate required to transmit the CLD quantization indexes can be reduced.
  • a bit rate required to transmit the CLD quantization indexes can be reduced.
  • 5-bit Pulse Code Modulation (PCM) coding can be performed on each sub-band.
  • the present invention can be provided as a computer program stored on at least one computer-readable medium in the form of at least one product such as a floppy disk, hard disk, CD ROM, flash memory card, PROM, RAM, ROM, or magnetic tape.
  • the computer program can be written in any programming language such as C, C++, or JAVA.

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Abstract

L'invention concerne des procédés de codage audio spatial (SAC) d'un signal audio et de décodage multicanaux d'un flux binaire audio générés par le SAC. L'invention concerne en particulier, des procédés efficaces de quantification et de déquantification de la différence de niveau des canaux (CLD) utilisée comme paramètre spatial lors du codage basé sur SAC d'un signal audio multicanaux. L'invention concerne aussi un procédé de quantification de CLD, y compris l'extraction des CLD spécifiques aux sous-bandes depuis un signal audio à N canaux (N>1) et la quantification des CLD par référence à une table de quantification basée sur les informations de localisation de sources virtuelles (VSLI), qui utilise des valeurs de quantification CLD dérivées à partir des valeurs de quantification de VSLI du signal audio à N canaux.
EP06783342A 2005-07-19 2006-07-19 Quantification et dequantification de la difference de niveaux de canal basee sur les informations de localisation de sources virtuelles Not-in-force EP1905034B1 (fr)

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KR20050065515 2005-07-19
KR20050096256 2005-10-12
KR1020060066822A KR100755471B1 (ko) 2005-07-19 2006-07-18 가상음원위치정보에 기반한 채널간 크기 차이 양자화 및역양자화 방법
PCT/KR2006/002824 WO2007011157A1 (fr) 2005-07-19 2006-07-19 Procede de quantification et de dequantification de la difference de niveaux de canal basee sur les informations de localisation de sources virtuelles

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EP1905034A4 (fr) 2009-11-25
EP1905034B1 (fr) 2011-06-01

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