EP1902923B1 - System zur Echtzeitüberwachung der Belegung von Eisenbahnstrecken - Google Patents

System zur Echtzeitüberwachung der Belegung von Eisenbahnstrecken Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1902923B1
EP1902923B1 EP07113574A EP07113574A EP1902923B1 EP 1902923 B1 EP1902923 B1 EP 1902923B1 EP 07113574 A EP07113574 A EP 07113574A EP 07113574 A EP07113574 A EP 07113574A EP 1902923 B1 EP1902923 B1 EP 1902923B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
optical
bragg
output
ssens
signal
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EP07113574A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP1902923A3 (de
EP1902923A2 (de
Inventor
Aldo Antonelli
Giovanni Bocchetti
Giovanni Breglio
Andrea Cusano
Antonello Cutolo
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Optosmart Srl
Hitachi Rail STS SpA
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Optosmart Srl
Ansaldo STS SpA
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Priority to PL07113574T priority Critical patent/PL1902923T3/pl
Publication of EP1902923A2 publication Critical patent/EP1902923A2/de
Publication of EP1902923A3 publication Critical patent/EP1902923A3/de
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61L—GUIDING RAILWAY TRAFFIC; ENSURING THE SAFETY OF RAILWAY TRAFFIC
    • B61L1/00—Devices along the route controlled by interaction with the vehicle or train
    • B61L1/16—Devices for counting axles; Devices for counting vehicles
    • B61L1/163—Detection devices
    • B61L1/166—Optical
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61L—GUIDING RAILWAY TRAFFIC; ENSURING THE SAFETY OF RAILWAY TRAFFIC
    • B61L1/00—Devices along the route controlled by interaction with the vehicle or train
    • B61L1/16—Devices for counting axles; Devices for counting vehicles
    • B61L1/169—Diagnosis

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a system for real-time monitoring of the state of occupation of railway lines.
  • the fiber optic track circuit described in US 2006/0202860 Al includes a light source, a fiber Bragg grating (FBG) unit, and a receiver all connected by optical fiber.
  • the light source provides a light via the optical fiber to the FBG unit.
  • the FBG unit is mountable on a portion of a railway system directly effected by the weight of a passing train, and it receives the light beam and provides a reflected beam to the receiver.
  • the receiver then provides a receiver signal based on the reflected beam.
  • a processor determines, based on pre-set criteria and the receiver signal, whether to communicate and what to communicate as a track circuit signal to an external device.
  • one of the main methods for real-time monitoring of the state of occupation of railway lines is based upon the axle-count automatic-block system.
  • Said system is designed to detect the position of the railway vehicles moving with respect to sections of line, referred to as "block sections", identified on the rails of railway lines or stretches of line.
  • the automatic-block system produces information indispensable for operation of the signalling network that regulates the distance between trains and activation of switches, contributing to guaranteeing safe circulation.
  • control of occupation of a block section is carried out by means of purposely provided equipment, actuated by the movement of the railway vehicles, which count the axles of a vehicle entering the block section and leaving the block section.
  • Axle-count equipment is provided with sensors set at the ends of the block section and designed to measure the number of the axles entering and leaving said section.
  • the axle-count equipment compares the number of axles measured at entry to the section with the one measured at exit in order to obtain the information on the occupation of the block section considered.
  • the block section is free if the axles counted at entry to the section are equal in number to the axles counted at exit from the section.
  • the senor comprises a solenoid, mounted on the inside of the rail and designed to generate a magnetic field, and a magnetic-field meter.
  • the passage of each single axle is detected by analysing the perturbation of the magnetic field caused by the passage of the metal axle.
  • Another type of sensor comprises an electrical contact, set in the proximity of the internal edge of the rail and designed to behave as a switch actuated so that it closes upon passage of the axle of the vehicle.
  • a further type of sensor comprises a lever mechanism coupled to a switch, set on the internal edge of the rail, and actuated by the axle of the vehicle as the vehicle travels.
  • sensors have been devised comprising a fluid chamber set underneath the flange of the rail between two sleepers and having the function of detecting the deformations of the rail upon passage of the axle of the vehicle.
  • Axle-count block systems of a known type are subject to a series of drawbacks, such as wear (as regards the electromechanical systems) and electromagnetic incompatibility (as regards the systems based upon solenoids).
  • axle-count block systems of a known type can make erroneous detections that seriously jeopardize circulation of railway vehicles.
  • axle-count block systems of a known type are overcome by the present invention, in so far as it regards a system for real-time monitoring of the state of occupation of railway lines of the type described in Claim 1.
  • the system forming the subject of the present invention envisages the use of optical-fibre Bragg gratings for dynamic or static detection of the passage or possible stoppage of railway vehicles on a railway line, simultaneously guaranteeing high reliability, low wear of the sensing components, electrical insulation and full electromagnetic compatibility, thus enabling the limitations described above to be overcome.
  • a system 1 for real-time monitoring of the state of occupation of railway lines according to the present invention in which Bragg-grating sensors 4, 5, mounted on a rail 2, are connected to one another and to a querying system 10 by means of an optical fibre 3.
  • the system 1 is designed to detect the static and/or dynamic deformations of the rail 2 caused by the passage of the axles of a railway vehicle (not illustrated).
  • the system 1 uses an optical fibre 3, comprising at least two Bragg-grating sensors 4, 5 and, in general, N Bragg-grating sensors, set at a distance from one another in positions corresponding to end portions of one or more stretches of line, each stretch constituting a block section 6 to be monitored.
  • An optical-fibre Bragg-grating sensor is obtained by means of a spatial modulation of the index of refraction of the "core" of an optical fibre in order to bestow upon the latter the characteristics of an optical reflector that is selective for a particularly narrow range of wavelengths (tenths of a nanometre).
  • optical-fibre Bragg-grating sensors are readily available on the market and are used, for example, in the telecommunications sector on optical fibres as filters for selecting a channel in a WDM ("Wavelength Division Multiplexing") or DWDM ("Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing”) coding.
  • WDM Widelength Division Multiplexing
  • DWDM Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing
  • the optical fibre 3 is positioned along the rail 2 in such a way that each sensor 4, 5 will be stably fixed in contact with the rail 2 (for example, positioned under the head 2a or in contact with the stem 2b of the rail) in the point in which it is desired to make the detection.
  • the installation of the optical fibre 3 and of the sensors 4, 5 can occur by direct bonding of the optical fibre 3 and/or of the sensors 4, 5 on the external wall of the rail 2 or else by setting the optical fibre 3 and/or the sensors 4, 5 inside a metal package (not illustrated) and welding said package to the rail 2.
  • the deformations/vibrations transmitted to the rail by the passage of an axle of a railway vehicle are detected by the sensor 4 or by the reference sensor 5 (according to whether the passage of the axle occurs at entry to or at exit from the block section 6), which modifies its own optical characteristics.
  • a peculiarity of optical-fibre Bragg gratings lies in the fact that local variations, due for example to vibrations, of the physical state of the stretch of optical fibre in which the Bragg grating has been made are the cause of a translation of the central wavelength of the reflection spectrum of the optical signal back-reflected by the Bragg grating with respect to the case of absence of alterations of said stretch of optical fibre.
  • the sensors 4, 5 have wavelengths of maximum reflectivity that are different from one another. In fact, in the case where more than one sensor is used, each sensor must operate at a wavelength of maximum reflectivity that is different from that of all the other sensors.
  • the sensor 4, 5 provides an axle-passage detection point and can be used in both directions of travel, rendering possible not only the control of occupation of the block section 6, but also the direction of movement of the railway vehicles in both directions.
  • Said sensors 4, 5, in fact, detect transit of the axle of a railway vehicle each at a location of their own and are characterized by a reflection wavelength of their own.
  • the sensor 4 can have a wavelength of maximum reflectivity lower than 1550 nm (referred to hereinafter as "low wavelength”), whilst the sensor 5 can have a wavelength of maximum reflectivity higher than 1550 nm (referred to hereinafter as "high wavelength").
  • the optical fibre 3 communicates, through at least one end thereof, with the querying system 10 designed to supply at input to the optical fibre 3 to which it is connected an appropriate light radiation and designed to acquire the radiation of low and high wavelength back-reflected by the sensors 4, 5.
  • the optical fibre 3 and, consequently, the Bragg-grating sensors 4, 5 are mounted along the railway line, whilst the querying system 10 can be mounted in a remote location, for example in the railway station (not illustrated).
  • a single optical fibre 3 comprising Bragg-grating sensors 4, 5 can be used for monitoring several tens of kilometres of railway lines, and a single querying system 10 can query simultaneously a number of optical fibres 3 and corresponding sensors 4, 5.
  • FIG. 1 shows in greater detail the system 10 for querying the sensors 4, 5.
  • the querying system 10 comprises a wide-band optical source 11 (for example, obtained by means of a LED) designed to illuminate the optical fibre 3, which can be, for example, of the type used for phone and/or data communications, and in which the sensors 4, 5 are present, set at an appropriate distance from one another.
  • a wide-band optical source 11 for example, obtained by means of a LED
  • the optical fibre 3 can be, for example, of the type used for phone and/or data communications, and in which the sensors 4, 5 are present, set at an appropriate distance from one another.
  • the signal at output from the optical source 11 is supplied to a first three-way connector 12, having at least three ports, and in particular:
  • the multiplexer 14 has the function of separating the components of light back-reflected by the sensors 4, 5 and routing them each on a different output.
  • the component of light of low wavelength can be routed on a multiplexer output 14a and supplied to a first channel 15, whilst the component of light of high wavelength can be routed on a multiplexer output 14b and supplied to a second channel 15'.
  • the first and second channels 15 and 15' are each made up of an optoelectronic system, the optoelectronic systems being separate from one another but equivalent as regards the operating function performed. Consequently, in the following description, reference will be made just to the first channel 15.
  • the first channel 15 comprises:
  • the second connector 20, the first filter 21, the first detector 22, and the first electrical adapter 25 are cascaded to one another.
  • the first channel 15 further comprises a second optical detector 26, connected at input to a second output of the second connector 20 and at output to a second adapter port 25b of the first electrical adapter 25.
  • the outputs of the second detector 26 and of the first electrical adapter 25 are moreover connected respectively to a first acquisition port 30a and to a second acquisition port 30b of an acquisition system 30.
  • the first filter 21 has a spectral response of the transmissivity/reflectivity coefficient having a linear law as a function of the wavelength, so that variations in the wavelength of the light that illuminates it result in variations in the transmitted/reflected intensity.
  • the signal reflected by the first filter 21 reaches, through the second connector 20, the second detector 26, which converts the variations of amplitude of the light signal that it receives at input from the second connector 20 into a voltage signal Ssens_2(t).
  • the signal transmitted by the first filter 21 reaches the first detector 22 and from this is converted into a voltage signal Ssens_1(t).
  • Both of the voltage signals Ssens_1(t) and Ssens_2(t) are supplied at input to the first electrical adapter 25, respectively on the port 25a and 25b of the first electrical adapter 25, which processes them by means of an algorithm of ratiometric compensation, of a type known in the literature. Processing by means of the ratiometric-compensation algorithm becomes necessary in so far as the amplitude of the signals Ssens_1(t) and Ssens_2(t) can depend, not only upon the variation, due to the physical quantities to be monitored, of the wavelength of the component of light reflected by the sensors 4, 5, but also upon fluctuations of power of the optical source 11 or upon the variation in the losses in any point of the querying system 10 and/or of the optical fibre 3.
  • the ratiometric compensation made by the first electrical adapter 25 by processing Ssens_1(t) and Ssens_2(t), at output on a third adapter port 25c, there is a single signal Ssens_3(t), the amplitude variations of which are due exclusively to the variations in the tensional/vibrational state to which the corresponding sensor 4 is subject during passage of the axles of a railway vehicle in the point in which the sensor 4 is mounted.
  • the variation in amplitude of the signal Ssens_3(t) actually represents the variation in the quantity measured by the single sensor 4.
  • the second channel 15' is made and operates in a way similar to the first channel 15. In the same way as the first channel 15, also the second channel 15' generates, at output from a second electrical adapter 25', a voltage signal Ssens_3' (t), the amplitude variations of which are due exclusively to the passage of the axle of a railway vehicle at the end of the block section 6 where the corresponding sensor 5 is mounted.
  • the voltage signals Ssens_3(t), Ssens_3'(t) are then supplied at input, respectively, to the ports 30b and 30b', of the acquisition system 30, which has the function of acquiring said signals and processing them so as to obtain the information that is to define the number of axles of a railway vehicle that has entered and left the block section 6, at the end of which the sensors 4, 5 are installed.
  • the passage of an axle of the railway vehicle is detected when the signal Ssens_3(t) assumes a pre-set relationship with respect to (for example is higher than) a threshold value Slim.
  • a first counter (not shown) is activated, which detects the passage of the axle in a position corresponding to one between the sensor 4 and the sensor 5, for example the sensor 4. Similar operations can be performed for the sensor 5 by activating a second counter, which detects the passage of an axle on the sensor 5. The contents of said counters can be compared, according to a known technique, in order to detect the state of occupation of the block section 6.
  • testing element 31 performs functions of alarm and control of operation of the querying system 10, of the optical fibre 3 and of the sensors 4, 5 and can be activated, for example, by a remote location at a railway station (not illustrated) for a time interval in which passage of a railway vehicle is not expected.
  • the testing element 31 When the testing element 31 is active, it interacts with the optical source 11 in such a way as to generate a variation in the characteristic of emission of the optical source 11, for example modulating the amplitude of the output optical signal in a known way according to a pre-set law.
  • Any possible difformity of the signals Ssens_2(t), Ssens_2'(t) with respect to the expected response enables generation of an appropriate request for troubleshooting and/or an alarm for improper operation.
  • the analysis of the signals Ssens_2(t) and Ssens_2' (t) and sending of the request for troubleshooting or of alarm for improper operation are carried out by the acquisition system 30.
  • the system described can be integrated with systems that use spectral properties, tuning qualities and time profiles of the radiation emitted that are different from the ones explicitly considered and chosen appropriately according to the specific application.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Arrangements For Transmission Of Measured Signals (AREA)
  • Train Traffic Observation, Control, And Security (AREA)
  • Optical Communication System (AREA)

Claims (5)

  1. System zur Echtzeitüberwachung des Belegungszustands von Bahnstrecken, das mindestens ein erstes Fühlerelement und ein zweites Fühlerelement (4, 5) aufweist, die an Endbereichen eines zu überwachenden Blockabschnitts (6) angeordnet und ausgebildet sind, um die Durchfahrt einer Radachse eines Schienenfahrzeugs, das in den Blockabschnitt einfährt/ihn verlässt, zu detektieren, wobei die Fühlerelemente von einem optischen Typ sind und jeweils mindestens einen Bragg-Gitter-Sensor (4, 5) aufweisen; wobei die Bragg-Gitter-Sensoren (4, 5) durch einen einzigen Lichtwellenleiter (3) miteinander verbunden sind; wobei eine Einrichtung (10) zum Abfragen der Bragg-Gitter-Sensoren (4, 5) in dem System (1) vorgesehen ist, und wobei das System Folgendes aufweist:
    - eine Lichtquelle (11), die ausgebildet ist, um den Bragg-Gitter-Sensoren (4, 5) ein Lichtsignal zuzuführen; und
    - eine Ablenkeinrichtung (12), die ausgebildet sind, um an einem Eingang (12b) einen Teil der von den Bragg-Gitter-Sensoren (4, 5) reflektierten Lichtstrahlung zu empfangen, um ihn einem Multiplexer (14) von einem optischen Typ zuzuführen; wobei der Multiplexer (14) ausgebildet ist, um an mindestens einem ersten Ausgang und einem zweiten Ausgang (14a, 14b) die dem ersten bzw. dem zweiten Bragg-Gitter-Sensor zugehörige reflektierte Lichtstrahlung zu leiten; wobei der erste und der zweite Ausgang mit jeweiligen ersten und zweiten Verarbeitungskanälen (15; 15') kommunizieren;
    wobei das System (1) dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, dass Prüfeinrichtungen (31) darin vorgesehen sind, wobei die Prüfeinrichtungen (31) zum Zuführen einer Modulation der Ausgangsintensität der Lichtquelle (11) nach Maßgabe eines vorgegebenen Gesetzes konfiguriert sind;
    wobei die Prüfeinrichtungen mit Lichtdetektoreinrichtungen zusammenwirken, die mindestens einen Teil des von den Bragg-Gitter-Sensoren reflektierten Signals empfangen, um ein Prüfsignal (Ssens_2(t)) zu erzeugen;
    wobei die Prüfeinrichtungen (31) die Integrität des Systems (1) dann detektieren, wenn das Prüfsignal (Ssens_2(t)) dem vorgegebenen Gesetz folgt.
  2. System nach Anspruch 1, wobei jeder genannte Kanal (15, 15') Folgendes aufweist:
    - Filtereinrichtungen (21, 21'), die mindestens einen Teil der dem Kanal zugeführten Lichtstrahlung empfangen;
    - erste Lichtdetektoreinrichtungen (22, 22'), die an dem Eingang die durch den Filter übertragene Strahlung empfangen und an dem Ausgang ein erstes Signal erzeugen;
    - zweite Lichtdetektoreinrichtungen (26, 26'), die an dem Mittel die von dem Filter reflektierte Strahlung empfangen und an dem Ausgang ein zweites Signal erzeugen; und
    - Einrichtungen zum Verarbeiten der ersten und der zweiten Signale.
  3. System nach Anspruch 2, wobei die Einrichtungen (25, 25') zum Verarbeiten der ersten und zweiten Signale ausgebildet sind, um an dem Ausgang ein globales Signal Ssens_3(t), Ssens_3'(t) zu erzeugen, dessen Amplitudenänderungen den physischen Zustand des jeweiligen Sensors (4, 5) ausdrücken.
  4. System nach Anspruch 3, wobei Grenzwert-Vergleicheinrichtungen vorgesehen sind, die ausgebildet sind, um die Durchfahrt der Radachse eines Schienenfahrzeugs dann zu detektieren, wenn das globale Signal eine vorgegebene Beziehung in Bezug auf mindestens einen Grenzwert annimmt.
  5. System nach Anspruch 3, wobei die Verarbeitungseinrichtungen (25, 25') einen ratiometrischen Algorithmus an den ersten und zweiten Signalen implementieren, um an dem Ausgang das globale Signal Ssens_3(t), Ssens_3'(t) zu erzeugen.
EP07113574A 2006-09-20 2007-07-31 System zur Echtzeitüberwachung der Belegung von Eisenbahnstrecken Active EP1902923B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PL07113574T PL1902923T3 (pl) 2006-09-20 2007-07-31 System do monitorowania w czasie rzeczywistym stanu zajętości linii kolejowych

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IT000004A ITBN20060004A1 (it) 2006-09-20 2006-09-20 Sistema di trasmissione in fibra ottica per il monitoraggio dei parametri ed il miglioramento della sicurezza di una linea ferroviaria

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Publication Number Publication Date
EP1902923A2 EP1902923A2 (de) 2008-03-26
EP1902923A3 EP1902923A3 (de) 2008-06-11
EP1902923B1 true EP1902923B1 (de) 2010-04-14

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EP (1) EP1902923B1 (de)
AT (1) ATE464217T1 (de)
DE (1) DE602007005889D1 (de)
IT (1) ITBN20060004A1 (de)
PL (1) PL1902923T3 (de)

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ITVR20080047A1 (it) * 2008-04-21 2009-10-22 Ace Snc Procedimento e impianto per la misurazione e il monitoraggio esteso dello stato tensionale del lungo binario saldato (cwr)
KR101049552B1 (ko) * 2009-04-07 2011-07-14 주식회사 혁신전공사 집중형 디지털 통합 폐색시스템
GB0915322D0 (en) † 2009-09-03 2009-10-07 Westinghouse Brake & Signal Railway systems using fibre optic hydrophony systems
EP2368782A1 (de) * 2010-03-19 2011-09-28 Mer Mec S.P.A. Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Echtzeit-Detektion des Belegungsstatus von Bahnstreckenabschnitten auf Grundlage von FBG-Sensoren
CN101863278A (zh) * 2010-06-03 2010-10-20 西南交通大学 基于光栅反射谱展宽的高速铁路计轴装置
GB201111030D0 (en) 2011-06-29 2011-08-10 Univ Strathclyde Optical fibre sensor interrogation system
GB201201703D0 (en) * 2012-02-01 2012-03-14 Qinetiq Ltd Detecting train separation
GB201203273D0 (en) 2012-02-24 2012-04-11 Qinetiq Ltd Monitoring transport network infrastructure
PT3069952T (pt) * 2015-03-20 2017-07-14 Thales Deutschland Gmbh Processo para a produção de um painel de vidro com um revestimento condutor de eletricidade com defeitos isolados eletricamente
US10317256B2 (en) * 2017-04-14 2019-06-11 Palo Alto Research Center Incorporated Monitoring transportation systems
US10604843B2 (en) 2017-05-10 2020-03-31 Xerox Corporation High registration particles-transferring system
CN107128332A (zh) * 2017-07-03 2017-09-05 翟晓晨 铁路轨道光栅芯核碳纤传感器
EP3978331B8 (de) * 2020-10-05 2024-10-02 Sensonic GmbH Verfahren zur überwachung eines eisenbahngleises und überwachungseinheit zur überwachung eines eisenbahngleises
CN113879358B (zh) * 2021-10-29 2023-06-09 国能朔黄铁路发展有限责任公司 轨道状态监测设备及方法、控制装置和存储介质

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EP2351680B1 (de) * 2004-03-29 2012-12-12 The Hong Kong Polytechnic University System und Verfahren zur Überwachung von Eisenbahnstrecken
US20060202860A1 (en) 2005-03-10 2006-09-14 Fibera, Inc. Fiber optic track circuit

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ITBN20060004A1 (it) 2006-12-20
DE602007005889D1 (de) 2010-05-27
PL1902923T3 (pl) 2010-10-29
ATE464217T1 (de) 2010-04-15
EP1902923A3 (de) 2008-06-11
EP1902923A2 (de) 2008-03-26

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