EP1897171B1 - Resonante doppelt polarisierte patch-antenne - Google Patents

Resonante doppelt polarisierte patch-antenne Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1897171B1
EP1897171B1 EP06741244A EP06741244A EP1897171B1 EP 1897171 B1 EP1897171 B1 EP 1897171B1 EP 06741244 A EP06741244 A EP 06741244A EP 06741244 A EP06741244 A EP 06741244A EP 1897171 B1 EP1897171 B1 EP 1897171B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
patch
patch radiator
central region
ground plane
radiator
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP06741244A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1897171A4 (de
EP1897171A1 (de
Inventor
Bevan Beresford Jones
Peter John Liversidge
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Commscope Technologies LLC
Original Assignee
Andrew LLC
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from AU2005903393A external-priority patent/AU2005903393A0/en
Application filed by Andrew LLC filed Critical Andrew LLC
Publication of EP1897171A1 publication Critical patent/EP1897171A1/de
Publication of EP1897171A4 publication Critical patent/EP1897171A4/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1897171B1 publication Critical patent/EP1897171B1/de
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
    • H01Q9/0421—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna with a shorting wall or a shorting pin at one end of the element
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
    • H01Q9/045—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna with particular feeding means

Definitions

  • the present invention relates generally to antennas and in particular to patch antennas.
  • Square or circular resonant patch antennas fed on two orthogonal axes are frequently used as elements of dual-polarised array antennas, in particular of base-station antennas used in cellular telephone networks. If the required bandwidth of the antenna is more than a few percent, air dielectric is generally used and the height of the patch above the ground plane is selected to provide adequate bandwidth. The size of the patch is chosen to make the patch resonant. Feeding of the patch is generally achieved with slots, loops or probes containing resonant elements. The coupling of these devices and the resonant elements is selected to achieve overall a double-tuned or higher order filter response. An example of such an implementation is shown in Fig. 1 .
  • Figs 1A, 1B and 1C illustrate a resonant patch antenna 100 fed with a loop 130.
  • the patch 120 is positioned above the ground plane 110 to provide the desired bandwidth.
  • the supports for the patch 120 are not shown, and the loop associated with one polarization only is shown.
  • the loop 130 is "C" shaped with a signal source 140 disposed between the two ends of the "C".
  • a signal source might be implemented as a coaxial line embedded in one side of the loop "C" with the centre conductor connected to the opposite side of the gap.
  • a double-tuned impedance response is obtained by connecting a capacitor 620 in series at the feed point as shown in Fig. 6 .
  • a coaxial line 610 is coupled to the feedpoint in series with the capacitor 620.
  • the outer conductor of the coaxial line is coupled to the loop 630 in the configuration 600 of Fig. 6 .
  • a one-dimensional array of such patch elements 100 mounted above a ground plane typically results in a 3 dB beamwidth in the plane normal to the array of between 70 and 85 degrees.
  • radiating slant polarization linear polarization inclined at +-45° to vertical
  • a horizontal beamwidth between 60 and 65 degrees is frequently desirable.
  • Some influence on the beamwidth can be exercised through the use of various metal fences or enclosures (not shown) around the patch elements 100.
  • Another method of reducing beamwidth involves increasing the size of the patch. However, this is accompanied by a reduction in the resonant frequency of the patch making impedance matching of the patch to the feed impossible.
  • US Patent No. 4,386,357 issued to Patton on 31 May 1983 describes a patch antenna comprising a conductive patch disposed over a ground plane, having a shorting pin shorting the conductive patch to the ground plane at a central point.
  • the patch antenna comprises a coaxial feed line attached to the conductive patch at a point between the shorting pin and the edge of the patch for conducting electromagnetic energy to the conductive patch.
  • the matching stub comprises a conductive member extending at least partially between the ground plane and the conductive patch at a point located on the opposite side of the shorting pin from the feed line.
  • US Patent Application Publication No. 20040070536 in the name of Stotler et al published on 15 April 2004 describes a conformal patch antenna.
  • the antenna comprises an aperture layer having a partially metallized surface that may have at least one aperture slot therein, and a feed-network layer positioned adjacent to the aperture layer and having a feed-network circuitry metallized thereon.
  • US Patent Application Publication No. 20040263400 in the name of Yuanzhu published on 30 December 2004 describes an antenna system.
  • a short-circuiting conductive plate and a power-supply conductive plate are bent at the center region of a metal plate, so as to be perpendicular to the planar surface of the metal plate.
  • the remaining metal plate, excluding the short-circuiting conductive plate and the power-supply conductive plate, constitutes an emission conductive plate.
  • the antenna system is mounted on a ground plane and the emission conductive plate is disposed parallel to the ground plane.
  • the bottom end of the short-circuiting conductive plate is soldered to the ground plane, and the bottom end of the power-supply conductive plate is connected to a power-supply circuit.
  • the conductive member may be cylindrical in shape.
  • the conductive member may be solid or tubular in form, or comprises a number of discrete connections between the patch and groundplane.
  • At least one microstrip or stripline board may implement the conductive member. At least one microstrip or stripline board may implement the feed.
  • the patch antenna may further comprise two crossed microstrip or stripline boards.
  • the patch radiator may have a circular, square or other symmetrical shape.
  • a method of reducing beamwidth in which the size of the patch is increased.
  • Increasing the patch size normally is accompanied by a reduction in the resonant frequency of the patch, making impedance matching of the patch to the feed impossible.
  • the resonant frequency of the patch antenna is returned to the desired value by introducing a region in the centre of the patch where the patch is connected to the ground plane.
  • Figs 2A, 2B and 2C illustrate a patch antenna 200 with a short-circuited region 225 in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.
  • the configuration shown in Fig. 2 effectively increases the spacing of the radiating edges of a patch radiator 220 (simply, the patch hereinafter), so as to reduce the beamwidth of the patch 220 but at the same time maintaining a resonant configuration.
  • the patch 220 has a square shape.
  • differently shaped patches may be used, such as a circularly shaped patch.
  • the size of the resonant patch 220 required for resonance is increased.
  • the shorted section 225 (short circuit region) is connected between a central region of the patch 220 and the ground plane 210.
  • the shorted section 225 is cylindrical in shape and may be solid or tubular in form and of conductive material, e.g. copper.
  • the central region of the patch 220 is shorted to the ground plane 210.
  • the spacing between the patch 220 and the ground plane 210 is stepped down in the central region only. This has a similar effect.
  • the shape of the shorted region is not critical, but should retain symmetry about both the orthogonal feed planes.
  • an anti-symmetrical feed 236, 230 such as that shown Fig. 2 is used.
  • the feed probes or loops 236 are coupled to the resonant patch 220 on opposite sides of the patch 220 and fed by signal sources 240.
  • Other feed probes or loops 230 may be used to excite the orthogonal polarization.
  • a larger shorted region 225 requires a larger patch 220 to maintain resonance. As the size of the short-circuited region 225 is increased and the size of the patch 220 is increased to maintain resonance, the radiated beamwidth of the configuration 200 decreases smoothly. This is the desired effect. A limit to this process occurs when higher order modes become excited, making the field distribution at the patch edges deviate significantly from that of a simple resonant patch.
  • a circular grounded region 225 in the centre of the patch 220 is shown.
  • Fig. 3 shows an alternative implementation 300 using two crossed microstrip or stripline boards 330 in accordance with another embodiment of the invention.
  • the patch 320 is circular in shape. However, other shapes may be used.
  • the two crossed boards 330 are used both to connect the central region of the patch 320 to the ground plane 310 and to feed opposite sides of the patch in anti-phase.
  • the two crossed boards 330 combine a magnetic-loop feed function and an adequate central grounding provided by the four inner tabs 340 and 344 on the printed boards.
  • a series capacitor 360 and impedance transformer 365 can be used to provide a wide-band double-tuned frequency response.
  • the two orthogonal boards provide feeds for two orthogonal linear polarizations.
  • a signal is provided to each feed board through a 50-ohm coaxial cable 370.
  • Figs. 4A, 4B and 4C show in detail the two crossed microstrip printed circuit boards 330.
  • Figs. 4A to 4C illustrate the method of feeding the patch 320 in two polarizations with two printed circuit boards 330.
  • On one side of the board two balanced loops 380 are etched.
  • On the other side of the board are tracks 365 that feed the two loops 380 in anti-phase.
  • the capacitive stubs at the ends of the track 360 resonate with the loops 380.
  • These resonant circuits coupled to the resonant patch 320 form a wideband double-tuned impedance characteristic.
  • Fig. 5 illustrates details of the two sides of the printed feed.
  • the crossed microstrip printed circuit boards 330 may be implemented as two separate boards, each adapted with a notch in a central region of the boards so that the boards can be assembled together to make the crossed boards 330 without interrupting the tracks required on each board.
  • the tracks 365 provide impedance transformation to match the patch to the 50 ohm feed cable 370.
  • This board 330 also provides the short circuit connection for the centre region of the patch while providing a symmetrical anti-phase feed with a double-tuned, wideband impedance characteristic. This may be implemented on a low-loss microwave substrate.
  • Fig. 7 illustrates a cross-section of a patch antenna 700 with a stepped down gap region 740 in accordance with another embodiment of the invention.
  • the patch radiator 720 may have a square or circular shape. However, in other embodiments, differently shaped patches may be used.
  • the patch radiator 720 is disposed at a position above the groundplane 710 (support not shown).
  • the ground plane 710 is formed to have a central region 740 that is much more closely spaced to the patch radiator 720 than the rest of the groundplane 710. While this region 740 is shown in such a manner to indicate an internal cavity in the central region 740, this region may in fact be solid conductive material.
  • the central region 740 of the groundplane 710 is cylindrical in shape and may be solid or tubular in form and of conductive material, e.g. copper. This has a similar effect to the short-circuited region 225 of Fig. 2 .
  • an anti-symmetrical feed is not shown, however one such as that shown Fig. 2 may be used used.
  • the feed probes or loops are coupled to the resonant patch on opposite sides of the patch and fed by signal sources. Other feed probes or loops may be used to excite the orthogonal polarization.
  • Fig. 8 illustrates a cross-section of a patch antenna 800 with a stepped-down gap region 840 in accordance with still another embodiment of the invention.
  • the patch radiator 820 may have a square or circular shape. However, in other embodiments, differently shaped patches may be used.
  • the patch radiator 820 is disposed at a position above the groundplane 810 (support not shown).
  • the patch radiator 820 is formed to have a central region 840 in the lower surface of the patch radiator 820 that is much more closely spaced to the groundplane 810 than the rest of the patch radiator 820.
  • This region 840 is preferably solid conductive material.
  • the central region 840 of the patch radiator 840 is cylindrical in shape and may be made of conductive material, e.g. copper.
  • FIG. 2 This has a similar effect to the short-circuited region 225 of Fig. 2 .
  • an anti-symmetrical feed is not shown. However one such as that shown Fig. 2 may be used.
  • the feed probes or loops are coupled to the resonant patch on opposite sides of the patch and fed by signal sources. Other feed probes or loops may be used to excite the orthogonal polarization.

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  • Waveguide Aerials (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)

Claims (23)

  1. Resonante, doppelpolarisierte Patch-Antenne, Folgendes umfassend:
    eine Grundebene (210, 310);
    einen Patch-Strahler (220, 320), der über der Grundebene (210, 310) aufgehängt ist, wobei ein zentraler Bereich (225) des Patch-Strahlers (220, 320) mit der Grundebene (210, 310) kurzgeschlossen ist, wobei der zentrale Bereich (225) eine große Fläche des Patch-Strahlers (220, 320) umfasst, um den Abstand zwischen strahlenden Kanten des Patch-Strahlers (220, 320) zu erhöhen; und
    eine antisymmetrische Magnetschleifenzuleitung (236), die symmetrisch um die Mitte des Patch-Strahlers (220, 320) angeordnet und an Stellen außerhalb des zentralen Bereichs (225) an den Patch-Strahler (220, 320) zur in Antiphase erfolgender Erregung von entgegengesetzten strahlenden Kanten des Patch-Strahlers (220, 320) angeschlossen ist, wobei die Magnetschleifenzuleitung einen Reihenkondensator (360) und einen Impedanzwandler (365) zum Bereitstellen einer zweifach abgestimmten Breitband-Frequenzantwort umfasst, wobei der Patch-Strahler (220, 320) eine reduzierte Strahlbreite aufweist, während eine Resonanzfrequenz abhängig von dem erhöhten Abstand zwischen den strahlenden Kanten gehalten wird.
  2. Patch-Antenne nach Anspruch 1, darüber hinaus ein leitfähiges Teil (225) umfassend, das den zentralen Bereich (225) des Patch-Strahlers (220, 320) und die Grundebene (210, 310) koppelt, um den zentralen Bereich (225) kurzzuschließen.
  3. Patch-Antenne nach Anspruch 2, wobei das leitfähige Teil (225) von der Form her zylindrisch ist.
  4. Patch-Antenne nach Anspruch 3, wobei das leitfähige Teil (225) von der Form her massiv oder rohrförmig ist oder mehrere eigenständige Verbindungen zwischen dem Patch-Strahler (220, 320) und der Grundebene (210, 310) umfasst.
  5. Patch-Antenne nach Anspruch 1, wobei mindestens ein Mikrostreifen oder eine Streifenleitungsplatine das leitfähige Teil (225) ausmacht.
  6. Patch-Antenne nach Anspruch 5, wobei mindestens ein Mikrostreifen oder eine Streifenleitungsplatine die Magnetschleifenzuleitung (236) ausmacht.
  7. Patch-Antenne nach Anspruch 5 oder 6, darüber hinaus zwei gekreuzte Mikrostreifen oder Streifenleitungsplatinen umfassend.
  8. Patch-Antenne nach Anspruch 1, wobei der zentrale Bereich (225) symmetrisch zu orthogonalen Zuleitungsebenen ist.
  9. Patch-Antenne nach Anspruch 1, wobei die Größe des kurzgeschlossenen zentralen Bereichs (225) des Patch-Strahlers (220, 320) dadurch begrenzt ist, dass Moden höherer Ordnung erregt werden.
  10. Patch-Antenne nach Anspruch 1, Folgendes umfassend:
    einen leitfähigen Körper, der an die Grundebene (210, 310) oder den Patch-Strahler (220, 320) angeschlossen und zwischen der Grundebene (210, 310) und dem Patch-Strahler (220, 320) angeordnet ist, um einen abgesetzten zentralen Bereich (225) des Patch-Strahlers (220, 320) bereitzustellen; und
    wobei die Magnetschleifenzuleitung (236) an Stellen außerhalb des abgesetzten zentralen Bereichs (225) an den Patch-Strahler (220, 320) angeschlossen ist.
  11. Patch-Antenne nach Anspruch 1 oder 10, wobei der Patch-Strahler (220, 320) eine kreisrunde, quadratische oder andere symmetrische Form hat.
  12. Verfahren zum Steuern der Strahlbreite einer resonanten, doppelpolarisierten Patch-Antenne, wobei das Verfahren die folgenden Schritte umfasst:
    Kurzschließen eines zentralen Bereichs (225) eines über einer Grundebene (210, 310) aufgehängten Patch-Strahlers (220, 320) mit der Grundebene (210, 310) der Antenne, wobei der zentrale Bereich (225) eine große Fläche des Patch-Strahlers (220, 320) umfasst, um den Abstand zwischen strahlenden Kanten des Patch-Strahlers (220, 320) zu erhöhen; und
    Einspeisen eines Signals unter Verwendung einer antisymmetrischen Magnetschleifenzuleitung (236), die symmetrisch um die Mitte des Patch-Strahlers (220, 320) angeordnet und an Stellen außerhalb des zentralen Bereichs (225) an den Patch-Strahler (220, 320) in Antiphase erfolgender Erregung von entgegengesetzten Seiten des Patch-Strahlers (220, 320) angeschlossen ist, Bereitstellen einer doppelt abgestimmten Breitband-Frequenzantwort, wobei die Magnetschleifenzuleitung einen Reihenkondensator (360) und einen Impedanzwandler (365) zum Bereitstellen einer zweifach abgestimmten Breitband-Frequenzantwort umfasst, wobei der Patch-Strahler (220, 320) eine reduzierte Strahlbreite aufweist, während eine Resonanzfrequenz abhängig von dem erhöhten Abstand zwischen den strahlenden Kanten gehalten wird.
  13. Verfahren nach Anspruch 12, wobei ein leitfähiges Teil (225) den zentralen Bereich (225) des Patch-Strahlers (220, 320) und die Grundebene (210, 310) koppelt, um den zentralen Bereich (225) kurzzuschließen.
  14. Verfahren nach Anspruch 13, wobei das leitfähige Teil (225) von der Form her zylindrisch ist.
  15. Verfahren nach Anspruch 14, wobei das leitfähige Teil (225) von der Form her massiv oder rohrförmig ist oder mehrere eigenständige Verbindungen zwischen dem Patch-Strahler (220, 320) und der Grundebene (210, 310) umfasst.
  16. Verfahren nach Anspruch 12, wobei mindestens ein Mikrostreifen oder eine Streifenleitungsplatine das leitfähige Teil (225) ausmacht.
  17. Verfahren nach Anspruch 12, wobei mindestens ein Mikrostreifen oder eine Streifenleitungsplatine die Magnetschleifenzuleitung (236) ausmacht.
  18. Verfahren nach Anspruch 16 oder 17, wobei das leitfähige Teil (225) und/oder die Magnetschleifenzuleitung (236) zwei gekreuzte Mikrostreifen oder Streifenleitungsplatinen umfassen/umfasst.
  19. Verfahren nach Anspruch 12, wobei der zentrale Bereich (225) symmetrisch zu orthogonalen Zuleitungsebenen ist.
  20. Verfahren nach Anspruch 12, wobei die Größe des kurzgeschlossenen zentralen Bereichs (225) des Patch-Strahlers (220, 320) dadurch begrenzt ist, dass Moden höherer Ordnung erregt werden.
  21. Verfahren nach Anspruch 12, Folgendes umfassend:
    Bereitstellen eines abgesetzten zentralen Bereichs (225) eines Patch-Strahlers (220, 320) unter Verwendung eines leitfähigen Körpers, der an eine Grundebene (210, 310) oder den Patch-Strahler (220, 320) angeschlossen wird, wobei der Patch-Strahler (220, 320) über der Grundebene (210, 310) aufgehängt und der leitfähige Körper zwischen der Grundebene (210, 310) und dem Patch-Strahler (220, 320) aufgehängt ist; und
    wobei die Magnetschleifenzuleitung (236) an Stellen außerhalb des abgesetzten zentralen Bereichs (225) an den Patch-Strahler (220, 320) angeschlossen ist.
  22. Verfahren nach Anspruch 12 oder 21, umfassend, den Abstand zwischen den strahlenden Kanten des Patch-Strahlers (220, 320) zu erhöhen, um die Strahlbreite des Patch-Strahlers (220, 320) zu reduzieren, während eine Resonanzauslegung aufrechterhalten bleibt.
  23. Verfahren nach Anspruch 12 oder 21, wobei der Patch-Strahler (220, 320) eine kreisrunde, quadratische oder andere symmetrische Form hat.
EP06741244A 2005-06-23 2006-06-15 Resonante doppelt polarisierte patch-antenne Not-in-force EP1897171B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU2005903393A AU2005903393A0 (en) 2005-06-23 A resonant, dual-polarized patch antenna
PCT/AU2006/000834 WO2006135956A1 (en) 2005-06-23 2006-06-15 A resonant, dual-polarized patch antenna

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1897171A1 EP1897171A1 (de) 2008-03-12
EP1897171A4 EP1897171A4 (de) 2010-05-19
EP1897171B1 true EP1897171B1 (de) 2012-08-29

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EP06741244A Not-in-force EP1897171B1 (de) 2005-06-23 2006-06-15 Resonante doppelt polarisierte patch-antenne

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EP (1) EP1897171B1 (de)
CN (1) CN101258642B (de)
HK (1) HK1112114A1 (de)
WO (1) WO2006135956A1 (de)

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WO2010021217A1 (ja) * 2008-08-19 2010-02-25 株式会社村田製作所 無線ｉｃデバイス及びその製造方法
US8723731B2 (en) * 2008-09-25 2014-05-13 Topcon Gps, Llc Compact circularly-polarized antenna with expanded frequency bandwidth
EP2351149A4 (de) * 2008-10-15 2012-12-26 Andrew Llc Breitbandige strahlungselemente
US20110260941A1 (en) * 2008-10-15 2011-10-27 Argus Technologies (Australia) Pty Ltd. Wideband radiating elements
CN102299405B (zh) * 2011-05-20 2014-03-26 广东博纬通信科技有限公司 单向性双极化超宽带天线
US9214730B2 (en) 2012-07-31 2015-12-15 Cambium Networks Limited Patch antenna
GB2504561B (en) * 2012-07-31 2015-05-06 Cambium Networks Ltd Patch antenna
CN104995795B (zh) * 2013-02-22 2018-05-18 原田工业株式会社 倒f型天线以及车载用复合天线装置
WO2019156745A1 (en) * 2018-02-06 2019-08-15 Hrl Laboratories, Llc Interleaved array of antennas operable at multiple frequencies
CN110911822A (zh) * 2018-09-18 2020-03-24 宁波博测通信科技有限公司 多天线阵列单元
FR3091045B1 (fr) * 2018-12-21 2020-12-11 Commissariat Energie Atomique Antenne fil-plaque monopolaire pour connexion differentielle
CN116914435B (zh) * 2023-09-12 2023-11-24 上海英内物联网科技股份有限公司 宽带圆极化贴片天线

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US4410891A (en) * 1979-12-14 1983-10-18 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Microstrip antenna with polarization diversity
US4386357A (en) 1981-05-21 1983-05-31 Martin Marietta Corporation Patch antenna having tuning means for improved performance
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US6731245B1 (en) 2002-10-11 2004-05-04 Raytheon Company Compact conformal patch antenna
JP2005039754A (ja) 2003-06-26 2005-02-10 Alps Electric Co Ltd アンテナ装置

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2006135956A1 (en) 2006-12-28
CN101258642A (zh) 2008-09-03
CN101258642B (zh) 2013-01-02
EP1897171A4 (de) 2010-05-19
HK1112114A1 (en) 2008-08-22
EP1897171A1 (de) 2008-03-12

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