EP1897037B1 - Security document or valuable document comprising a contactless interface and a bi-stable display - Google Patents

Security document or valuable document comprising a contactless interface and a bi-stable display Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1897037B1
EP1897037B1 EP06753857A EP06753857A EP1897037B1 EP 1897037 B1 EP1897037 B1 EP 1897037B1 EP 06753857 A EP06753857 A EP 06753857A EP 06753857 A EP06753857 A EP 06753857A EP 1897037 B1 EP1897037 B1 EP 1897037B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
printing
document
display field
logic circuit
display
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EP06753857A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1897037A1 (en
Inventor
Manfred Paeschke
Oliver Muth
André LEOPOLD
Christian Kuhn
Olaf Dressel
Andreas Hoppe
Günter BEYER-MEKLENBURG
Malte Pflughoefft
Christian Kunath
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Bundesdruckerei GmbH
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Bundesdruckerei GmbH
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Publication of EP1897037A1 publication Critical patent/EP1897037A1/en
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41JTYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
    • B41J3/00Typewriters or selective printing or marking mechanisms characterised by the purpose for which they are constructed
    • B41J3/407Typewriters or selective printing or marking mechanisms characterised by the purpose for which they are constructed for marking on special material
    • B41J3/4076Typewriters or selective printing or marking mechanisms characterised by the purpose for which they are constructed for marking on special material printing on rewritable, bistable "electronic paper" by a focused electric or magnetic field

Definitions

  • the invention relates to security or value document with a device for contactless communication with an external reading and / or writing device.
  • Documents with personal and document related data such as identification cards, passports, identity cards, driver's licenses, credit and debit cards, customer IDs, travel documents and the like, are often provided with integrated circuit components in the form of a contact or contactless chip module.
  • a so-called dual-interface chip which not only works via contacts, but also has a contactless interface.
  • these chip modules enable a high increase in efficiency. Speed and time efficiency as well as the safety of the test processes play a decisive role here.
  • the process of checking persons and documents for example, in addition to the visual control and electronically with direct ohmic contact with the chip module as well as contactlessly via various wireless communication solutions and with a dual-interface solution.
  • a paper-made substrate with an integrated circuit for security documents and banknotes is known.
  • This integrated circuit can be read out without contact. It is designed on the basis of a semi-conductive organic polymer and part of a diffractive security element in the form of a film (eg holograms, Kinegram, Excelgram etc.), with additional security features in the form of special colors / dyes may be present with relevant known luminescent materials.
  • the integrated circuit may store a code containing biometric data, such as fingerprints or the portrait of the document holder.
  • the publication WO 2004/068389 relates to a method for producing metallic structures on a substrate such as plastic or tissue. It relates in essence to the production of electrically conductive connections between electronic assemblies that are previously or at least separately arranged on the substrate.
  • a metal salt and a reducing agent are printed, for example by means of the inkjet process. Due to the occurring between the two components redox reaction form according to the printed pattern metallic structures.
  • security documents such as ID documents, RFIDs or smart cards are to be produced.
  • the RFID capability also includes the ability to communicate with an external writing and reading device. The method should also find application in the manufacture of displays.
  • Fig. 1 a bistable display panel for price tags equipped with a contactless communication device that can be remotely written and updated.
  • the display panel is typically a liquid crystal display fabricated, for example, by printing. Also addressed is the use of such LCD displays in smart cards, ie in security documents that contain an integrated circuit.
  • the WO 2005/024 595 and the US 2005/134 461 disclose display devices made by printing technology.
  • the patent US 6,459,418 B1 describes a printer-made display based on an encapsulated material and can be made bistable both with its own power supply and (for energy saving reasons).
  • the display is remotely controlled via radio. For example, it can be placed on a book cover or catalog.
  • the publication US 2003/0011868 A1 also relates to an electrophoretic display which may be bistable and contained in a smart card. It is addressed the possibility to apply the display in the printing process.
  • the display consists essentially of a photoconductive layer and an electrophoretic layer. If the photoconductor is exposed, its conductivity increases at the exposed areas. By applying an electric field, the image is then transferred to the electrophoretic layer.
  • EP 1 345 116 A1 is a price tag known that can be described and read by remote control. But it can also be a security and value document. It contains a contactless communication antenna, a processor with memory and a bistable display that does not require its own battery for power. The display is based on printable electronic ink. A structure will be described in which the aforementioned elements are stacked one above the other.
  • the invention has for its object to provide further improvements for value and security documents.
  • bistable display elements which can be produced by printing technology and the driver logic circuits necessary for this purpose are used.
  • the circuit for using the RFID field both in terms of power supply, as well as what the writing and reading of information in / from the display panel, realized by printing technology.
  • bistable element for example, an element on an organic bistable adjustable functional layer, as it is known in the art WO 2004/068534 A2 is described.
  • Electrophoretic solutions as well as liquid crystals or ferroelectric solutions can also be used for the display panels mentioned.
  • the electrical display structure can be used only in one plane as a significant advantage.
  • the various pairs of electrodes of the pixels are not arranged one above the other but laterally in a plane next to each other.
  • a bistable display field can itself serve as electronic memory for the printed circuit in the document electronic circuit.
  • the bistable display panel can be programmed and read out via the bidirectional driver circuit, the programming taking place via capacitive coupling fields embodied in the document or via an inductive coil field.
  • capacitive coupling flat electrode elements are provided next to or above one another in the document.
  • the programming is irreversible. It is carried out according to an embodiment under the action of an elevated temperature, in particular under the action of a temperature above 40 ° C, or under exposure to electromagnetic radiation, in particular in the range of the near infrared (NIR).
  • NIR near infrared
  • the necessary energy for personalization can be reduced, because the radiation-related exposure lowers the barrier for a bistable state change, so that even lower voltage pulses are sufficient for this purpose.
  • NIR near infrared
  • it is essentially photoinduced effects that can be used here; in the area of NIR, it is advantageously possible to use the effect that such radiation is not absorbed by certain printing inks and NIR-transparent and otherwise opaque plastic films. This allows underlying NIR-absorbing structures to interact with the introduced radiation.
  • the document may be made immutable during or after programming by supplying energy and subsequently inducing chemical / physical processes.
  • This fixation can be induced for example by electromagnetic radiation (X-ray microwave range), by thermal energy (heating, cooling) by magnetic fields (permanent magnets), by pressure (pressing, embossing) or by a combination of the aforementioned forms of energy.
  • Examples of chemical / physical fixation processes are e.g. the color film development process (Polaroid) or solid phase conversions (CD, DVD).
  • the fixation methods of the present invention may include redox reactions (e.g., as in the dichromated gelatin color film), polymerizations (photopolymers in holography), photoinduced rearrangements (e.g., as in bacterio-rhodopsin), and other effects.
  • redox reactions e.g., as in the dichromated gelatin color film
  • polymerizations photopolymers in holography
  • photoinduced rearrangements e.g., as in bacterio-rhodopsin
  • a reversible fixation is possible, for example in the form of a photochemical rearrangement.
  • the programming process can be done for example under appropriate shielding (Faraday cage). This can provide more RFID energy than it does the various, from country to country different standards is allowed to set the harmless for humans limits.
  • Faraday cage shielding
  • a hole-like recess about which a coil is laid can be provided in the document.
  • the energy supply and also optionally the information transfer then takes place via an in this recess cross-induction core.
  • the pictorial representation in the display panel 3 contains steganographically hidden information. This will further increase security against abuse and counterfeiting.
  • the display panel of the security or value document according to the invention is preferably protected by a built-in shielding in the manner of a Faraday cage against changing interventions.
  • An advantageous embodiment of the security or value document is that not only passive but also actively radiating elements such as, for example, printed OLED systems are suitable for the display field.
  • OLED display panels can be monochrome or multicolored.
  • a backup battery is integrated in the document, which is rechargeable.
  • it is connected to a first button with which the display field can be activated.
  • Another button may be provided to trigger a contactless transmission.
  • a solar cell element is used for additional energy supply as an energy buffer.
  • the security or value document contains, in addition to the circuit, a display field as well as a pertinent antenna periphery, which according to the invention are each produced by printing technology and the document is thus RFID-capable.
  • the so-called polymer electronics are based, inter alia, on the use of intrinsically (semi-) conductive polymer pastes, which can be produced by electronic printing circuits with passive and active components, in particular with bipolar diodes and transistors. Thus, the use of ICs and thus of expensive monocrystalline semiconductor substrates based on silicon can be avoided.
  • the printing technology production takes place with the usual printing methods.
  • the printing techniques include the state of the art and include the relevant known gravure, portrait, flat and printing processes such as intaglio, flexographic, letter set, offset and screen printing, but also include digital printing processes such as ink-jet or transfer printing process which replace the elaborate semiconductor patterning techniques of conventional chip-module security documents.
  • Inkjet printers are cost-effective digitally controllable printing systems. The methods have been developed so far that selfaligmeld methods, such as those in WO 01/46987 or in US 2004/0175963 are described, structures up to several 100 nm can be realized. Inkjet printing processes offer good edge coverage and highest positioning accuracy and can be used on glass substrates, polymer layers and paper substrates. They are also suitable for the sequential construction of multilayer circuits and have already proven themselves in the field of display manufacturing and highly integrated multilayer PCB applications. They can also be combined with other printing techniques used in security printing.
  • Antennas in coil form for example in the 13.56 MHz range, and dipole antennas, for example in the UHF range at 860 MHz to 940 MHz or in the 2.45 GHz microwave range, are required for RFID elements.
  • Such antennas can be manufactured very efficiently by conventional printing methods. Thinner layers and lower interconnect widths are also used in dipole antennas because the requirements for the electrical parameters are significantly lower here compared with the quality requirements for an antenna coil. With electrically conductive printing pastes therefore antennas are inexpensive to manufacture and contactable.
  • Steps in the area of the edges of the electrically conductive, insulating or semiconducting structures play a very important role.
  • problems can occur when a 5 ⁇ m to 10 ⁇ m thick structure edge is crossed with a 0.5 ⁇ m to 3 ⁇ m thick structure got to.
  • the inkjet printing process has proved to be very flexible in this respect, as it works without contact and edges can be printed without interruptions. Due to the low ink viscosity on the one hand a high flowability is given, on the other hand can be programmed digitally a correspondingly increased order or a multiple order.
  • embossing and flattening process step which is carried out after each additive structuring step with an embossing roller or plate, wherein the flattening process can be additionally assisted by the action of heat.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic block diagram of a printing technology produced RFID document 1 with a bistable display element 3, a bidirectional driver 5 and a corresponding logic 2 shown.
  • the antenna 4 is designed as a circulating at the edge of the ID card coil for the RF range, in particular at 13.56 MHz.
  • Logic 2 has the task of controlling the power supply as well as the input and output of information.
  • the logic 2 can operate synchronously, ie as pure read and write logic for the display field 3 in the manner of a memory chip card, but it can also be organized asynchronously in the manner of a processor chipcard.
  • the logic 2 includes at least the two units modulator / demodulator 11 for modulation or demodulation of RFID information and the controller 12 for reading and writing the display panel 3. The latter forms the electrically programmable memory field, the means of bidirectional driver 5 and logic.
  • the memory configuration of the display field 3 with the bidirectional driver can therefore be embodied as an EEPROM (Electrical Erasable PROM) or as an EPROM (erasable programmable ROM), ie it can be electrically programmed in both cases and erased electrically or with UV light.
  • EEPROM Electrical Erasable PROM
  • EPROM erasable programmable ROM
  • the content of the display field for example a face image 10, is readable in authentication and verification processes, in which the authenticity of the document or the correspondence of the personal data with the person presenting the document is checked. For this reason, the driver circuit 5 is bidirectional and designed for a serial flow of information.
  • the display panel 3 is provided with a shield 6 surrounding the display panel 3.
  • the Fig. 2 shows a further embodiment of the invention in the form of an RFID-capable document 1.
  • the block diagram schematically shows a pressure-produced bistable display panel 3 with a bidirectional driver 5, a corresponding logic 2 and a dipole-like antenna 4, in the UHF frequency range at about 860th Mhz is operated up to 940 MHz. Other frequencies, for example in the microwave range at eg 2.45 GHz are possible.
  • the properties of the polymer electronics, in particular the mobility of the charge carriers and the required switching speeds require field effect transistors and bipolar diodes, in particular for the rectification of the RFID signals.
  • the display panel 3 is initialized and programmed with the information in the authentication and verification processes, the stored information is readable, which is why the driver circuit 5 is again designed bidirectionally for serial information flow.
  • Modulator / demodulator 11 and controller 12 are as in the example of Fig. 1 designed.
  • a shield is designated, which covers the memory element 3 on both sides to the surfaces of the value document.
  • the Fig. 3 shows in analogy to Fig. 1 a schematic block diagram of a printed RFID document 1 in the form of a passport with a bistable display element 3, a bidirectional driver 5 and corresponding logic 2.
  • biometric data such as the face image 10th represented.
  • the antenna 4 is formed like a coil in the edge region of the document and surrounds display element 3, driver 5, controller 12, modulator / demodulator 11, I-CAO line 7 and two flat electrodes 8, 9, which serve as capacitive coupling fields.
  • the additional coupling elements 8, 9 serve primarily for the power supply. But they can also be done during the personalization process, the programming of the display panel 3.
  • capacitive energy coupling can also be done inductively.
  • area capacitive coupling fields as in Fig. 3 shown, in a read / write device relatively high energy in the circuit elements 2, 11, 12 are introduced, which greatly facilitates the programming of the display panel 3.

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  • Credit Cards Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a security document or a valuable document, which is equipped with a device for contactless communication with an external read and/or write device and a bi-stable display field (3) that is integrated into the document. According to the invention, the device for contactless communication and the bi-stable display field (3) are produced by a printing method and the bi-stable display field (3) is designed to hold data relating to a person and/or a product.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft Sicherheits- oder Wertdokument mit einer Einrichtung zur kontaktlosen Kommunikation mit einem externen Lese- und/oder Schreibgerät.The invention relates to security or value document with a device for contactless communication with an external reading and / or writing device.

Dokumente mit personen- und dokumentbezogenen Daten, wie z.B. Identifikationskarten, Reisepässe, Personalausweise, Führerscheine, Kredit- und Scheckkarten, Kundenausweise, Fahrausweise und dgl., werden oftmals mit integrierten Schaltkreiskomponenten in Form eines kontaktbehafteten oder kontaktlosen Chipmoduls versehen. Bekannt ist hierfür auch die Verwendung eines sog. Dual-Interface Chips, der nicht nur über Kontakte arbeitet, sondern zusätzlich auch über eine kontaktlose Schnittstelle verfügt. Bei Verifikations-, Identifikations- und Authentifikationsprozessen ermöglichen diese Chipmodule eine hohe Effizienzsteigerung. Dabei spielen Geschwindigkeit und Zeiteffizienz ebenso wie die Sicherheit der Prüfprozesse eine entscheidende Rolle. Der Vorgang der Personen- und Dokumentenüberprüfung kann beispielsweise neben der visuellen Kontrolle auch elektronisch mit direktem Ohmschen Kontakt zum Chipmodul sowie kontaktlos über verschiedene drahtlose Kommunikationslösungen sowie mit einer Dual-Interface-Lösung erfolgen. Gemäß dem Stand der Technik werden dabei hochintegrierte Schaltkreise (engl. Integrated Circuit, IC) auf Siliziumbasis mit wenigen mm2 Siliziumfläche verwendet. Diese Lösung bietet eine hohe Funktionsvielfalt auf kleinstem Raum. Diese mikroskopische Feinheit muss durch diverse Technologien an die relativ groben Kommunikationsstrukturen, eines Kontaktchipmoduls, Dual-Interface-Moduls oder Kontaktlosmoduls, die beiden letzten mit Antennenstrukturen, angepasst werden. Neben den klassischen Modulen mit Drahtbondtechnik werden vermehrt Module mittels Flipchiptechnologien mit den unterschiedlichen Kontaktierungsprozessen verwendet. Die diversen Qualitätsanforderungen sind beispielsweise in der ISO 10373 festgehalten.Documents with personal and document related data, such as identification cards, passports, identity cards, driver's licenses, credit and debit cards, customer IDs, travel documents and the like, are often provided with integrated circuit components in the form of a contact or contactless chip module. Also known for this purpose is the use of a so-called dual-interface chip, which not only works via contacts, but also has a contactless interface. In verification, identification and authentication processes, these chip modules enable a high increase in efficiency. Speed and time efficiency as well as the safety of the test processes play a decisive role here. The process of checking persons and documents, for example, in addition to the visual control and electronically with direct ohmic contact with the chip module as well as contactlessly via various wireless communication solutions and with a dual-interface solution. According to the state of the art, silicon-based integrated circuits (ICs) with a few mm 2 silicon area are used. This solution offers a high degree of functionality in the smallest space. This microscopic fineness must be adapted by various technologies to the relatively coarse communication structures, a contact chip module, dual-interface module or contactless module, the last two with antenna structures. In addition to the classical modules with wire bonding technology, more and more modules are being used by means of flip chip technologies with different contacting processes. The various quality requirements are specified, for example, in ISO 10373.

Aus der EP 1 073 993 B1 und US 6,830,192 ist ein aus Papier gefertigtes Substrat mit einem integrierten Schaltkreis für Sicherheitsdokumente und Banknoten bekannt. Diese integrierte Schaltung ist kontaktlos auslesbar. Sie ist auf der Basis eines halbleitenden organischen Polymers konzipiert und Teil eines diffraktiven Sicherheitselements in Form einer Folie (z.B. Hologramme, Kinegram, Excelgram etc.), wobei zusätzliche Sicherheitsmerkmale in Form von speziellen Farben/Farbstoffen mit einschlägig bekannten Lumineszenzmaterialien vorhanden sein können. Im integrierten Schaltkreis kann ein Code gespeichert werden, der biometrische Daten, wie Fingerabdrücke oder das Portrait des Dokumenteninhabers enthält.From the EP 1 073 993 B1 and US 6,830,192 a paper-made substrate with an integrated circuit for security documents and banknotes is known. This integrated circuit can be read out without contact. It is designed on the basis of a semi-conductive organic polymer and part of a diffractive security element in the form of a film (eg holograms, Kinegram, Excelgram etc.), with additional security features in the form of special colors / dyes may be present with relevant known luminescent materials. The integrated circuit may store a code containing biometric data, such as fingerprints or the portrait of the document holder.

Die Druckschrift WO 2004/068389 betrifft ein Verfahren zur Herstellung metallischer Strukturen auf einem Substrat wie beispielsweise Plastik oder Gewebe. Sie bezieht sich im Kern auf die Herstellung elektrisch leitender Verbindungen zwischen elektronischen Baugruppen, die zuvor oder zumindest gesondert auf dem Substrat angeordnet sind. Zur Bildung der gewünschten Leiterbahnen werden, beispielsweise mittels des Inkjets-Verfahrens, ein Metallsalz und ein Reduktionsmittel aufgedruckt. Aufgrund der zwischen den beiden Komponenten ablaufenden Redox-Reaktion bilden sich entsprechend dem aufgedruckten Muster metallische Strukturen. Was die Anwendung des bekannten Verfahrens angeht; so sollen u.a. Sicherheitsdokumente wie ID-Dokumente, RFIDs oder Smartcards hergestellt werden. Die RFID-Tauglichkeit beinhaltet zugleich die Kommunikationsfähigkeit mit einem externen Schreib- und Lesegerät. Das Verfahren soll ferner bei der Herstellung von Displays Anwendung finden.The publication WO 2004/068389 relates to a method for producing metallic structures on a substrate such as plastic or tissue. It relates in essence to the production of electrically conductive connections between electronic assemblies that are previously or at least separately arranged on the substrate. To form the desired printed conductors, a metal salt and a reducing agent are printed, for example by means of the inkjet process. Due to the occurring between the two components redox reaction form according to the printed pattern metallic structures. As far as the application of the known method is concerned; For example, security documents such as ID documents, RFIDs or smart cards are to be produced. The RFID capability also includes the ability to communicate with an external writing and reading device. The method should also find application in the manufacture of displays.

In der Druckschrift US 2003/0156090 A1 , von der die Erfindung im Patentanspruch 1 ausgeht, wird anhand der Fig. 1 ein bistabiles Anzeigenfeld für Preisschilder beschrieben, die mit einer Einrichtung zur kontaktlosen Kommunikation ausgestattet sind und die per Fernsteuerung be - schrieben und aktualisiert werden können. Das Anzeigenfeld ist typischerweise ein Flüssigkris - tall-Display, das beispielsweise im Druckverfahren hergestellt wird. Angesprochen ist auch ein Einsatz solcher LCD-Displays in Smartcards, also in Sicherheitsdokumenten, die einen integrierten Schaltkreis enthalten.In the publication US 2003/0156090 A1 from which the invention proceeds in claim 1, is based on the Fig. 1 a bistable display panel for price tags equipped with a contactless communication device that can be remotely written and updated. The display panel is typically a liquid crystal display fabricated, for example, by printing. Also addressed is the use of such LCD displays in smart cards, ie in security documents that contain an integrated circuit.

Aus der Druckschrift DE 42 02 265 A1 ist eine IC-Karte mit einem LCD-Display und einem Tastenfeld bekannt, über das vom Benutzer Daten eingeschrieben werden können. Die IC-Karte ist auf einer Leiterplatte aufgebaut, auf deren Oberseite Kontaktelemente aufgebracht sind. Die Kontaktelemente sind durch Zwischenräume voneinander getrennt, an denen die IC-Karte jeweils dünner und schwächer ist. Um einen Bruch an solchen Stellen zu verhindern, werden die Leitungen auf der Unterseite der Leiterplatte so geführt, dass sie an den Stellen der genannten Zwischenräume eine Verstärkung der IC-Karte bilden.From the publication DE 42 02 265 A1 is an IC card with an LCD display and a keypad known about the user can write data. The IC card is constructed on a printed circuit board, on the top of contact elements are applied. The contact elements are separated by gaps where the IC card is thinner and weaker. In order to prevent breakage at such locations, the leads on the underside of the printed circuit board are guided so that they form a reinforcement of the IC card at the locations of said gaps.

Die WO 2005 / 024 595 und die US 2005 / 134 461 offenbaren drucktechnisch hergestellte Anzeigevorrichtungen.The WO 2005/024 595 and the US 2005/134 461 disclose display devices made by printing technology.

Die Verwendung leitfähiger Polymere für die Herstellung von RFID-Antennen ist aus der WO 2004 / 088 582 und der US 2006 / 181 478 bekannt.The use of conductive polymers for the production of RFID antennas is out of the WO 2004/088 582 and the US 2006/181 478 known.

Das Patent US 6 459 418 B1 beschreibt ein drucktechnisch hergestelltes Display, das auf einem gekapselten Material basiert und sowohl mit eigener Energieversorgung als auch (aus Gründen der Energieersparnis) bistabil ausgeführt sein kann. In einer Ausführungsform wird das Display über Funk ferngesteuert. Es kann beispielsweise an einem Bucheinband oder Katalog untergebracht werden.The patent US 6,459,418 B1 describes a printer-made display based on an encapsulated material and can be made bistable both with its own power supply and (for energy saving reasons). In one embodiment, the display is remotely controlled via radio. For example, it can be placed on a book cover or catalog.

Die Druckschrift US 2003/0011868 A1 betrifft ebenfalls ein elektrophoretisches Display, das bistabil ausgebildet und in einer Chipkarte enthalten sein kann. Es ist die Möglichkeit angesprochen, das Display im Druckverfahren aufzubringen. Das Display besteht im Wesentlichen aus einer fotoleitenden Schicht und einer elektrophoretischen Schicht. Wird der Fotoleiter belichtet, so erhöht sich an den belichteten Stellen seine Leitfähigkeit. Durch Anlegen eines elektrischen Feldes wird dann das Bild auf die elektrophoretische Schicht übertragen.The publication US 2003/0011868 A1 also relates to an electrophoretic display which may be bistable and contained in a smart card. It is addressed the possibility to apply the display in the printing process. The display consists essentially of a photoconductive layer and an electrophoretic layer. If the photoconductor is exposed, its conductivity increases at the exposed areas. By applying an electric field, the image is then transferred to the electrophoretic layer.

Aus der Druckschrift EP 1 345 116 A1 ist ein Preisschild bekannt, das per Fernsteuerung beschrieben und gelesen werden kann. Es kann sich aber auch um ein Sicherheits- und Wertdokument handeln. Es enthält eine Antenne zur kontaktlosen Kommunikation, einen Prozessor mit Speicher sowie ein bistabiles Display, das keine eigene Batterie zur Energieversorgung benötigt. Das Display basiert auf druckbarer elektronischer Tinte. Es wird ein Aufbau beschrieben, in dem die vorgenannten Elemente schichtweise übereinander angeordnet sind.From the publication EP 1 345 116 A1 is a price tag known that can be described and read by remote control. But it can also be a security and value document. It contains a contactless communication antenna, a processor with memory and a bistable display that does not require its own battery for power. The display is based on printable electronic ink. A structure will be described in which the aforementioned elements are stacked one above the other.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, weitere Verbesserungen für Wert- und Sicherheitsdokumente bereitzustellen.The invention has for its object to provide further improvements for value and security documents.

Die Aufgabe wird durch den Gegenstand der unabhängigen Ansprüche gelöst.The object is solved by the subject matter of the independent claims.

Hierbei werden erfindungsgemäß drucktechnisch herstellbare bistabile Anzeigeelemente und die hierfür notwendigen Treiberlogikschaltungen verwendet. Ebenso wird die Schaltung zur Nutzung des RFID Feldes, sowohl was die Energieversorgung anbelangt, als auch was das Einschreiben und Lesen von Information in/aus dem Anzeigefeld betrifft, drucktechnisch realisiert.According to the invention, bistable display elements which can be produced by printing technology and the driver logic circuits necessary for this purpose are used. Likewise, the circuit for using the RFID field, both in terms of power supply, as well as what the writing and reading of information in / from the display panel, realized by printing technology.

Unter einem bistabilen Element wird beispielsweise ein Element auf organischer bistabil einstellbarer Funktionsschicht verstanden, wie es in der WO 2004/068534 A2 beschrieben wird. Für die genannten Anzeigefelder können auch elektrophoretische Lösungen sowie Flüssigkristalle oder ferroelektrische Lösungen eingesetzt werden. Dabei kann die elektrische Anzeigestruktur nur in einer Ebene als wesentlicher Vorteil genützt werden. Es werden dabei die diversen paarweisen Elektroden der Bildpunkte nicht übereinander sondern lateral in einer Ebene nebeneinander angeordnet.By a bistable element is meant, for example, an element on an organic bistable adjustable functional layer, as it is known in the art WO 2004/068534 A2 is described. Electrophoretic solutions as well as liquid crystals or ferroelectric solutions can also be used for the display panels mentioned. In this case, the electrical display structure can be used only in one plane as a significant advantage. In this case, the various pairs of electrodes of the pixels are not arranged one above the other but laterally in a plane next to each other.

Ein bistabiles Anzeigenfeld kann selbst als elektronischer Speicher für die im Dokument drucktechnisch ausgeführte elektronische Schaltung dienen.A bistable display field can itself serve as electronic memory for the printed circuit in the document electronic circuit.

Von Vorteil ist, dass das bistabile Anzeigefeld über die bidirektionale Treiberschaltung programmier- und auslesbar ist, wobei die Programmierung über im Dokument ausgebildete kapazitive Kopplungsfelder oder über ein induktives Spulenfeld erfolgt. Im Falle der kapazitiven Kopplung sind flächige Elektrodenelemente nebeneinander oder übereinander im Dokument vorgesehen. Über entsprechende Gegenelektroden, die im Lese-/ Schreibgerät angeordnet sind, kann so nicht nur eine effiziente Energieversorgung sondern mit geeigneten Modulationstechniken auch der Schreibvorgang zur Personalisierung oder zum Eintragen produktspezifischer Daten bewirkt werden.It is advantageous that the bistable display panel can be programmed and read out via the bidirectional driver circuit, the programming taking place via capacitive coupling fields embodied in the document or via an inductive coil field. In the case of capacitive coupling, flat electrode elements are provided next to or above one another in the document. By means of corresponding counterelectrodes, which are arranged in the reading / writing device, not only an efficient energy supply but also suitable writing techniques for personalization or for entering product-specific data can be effected with suitable modulation techniques.

Vorzugsweise ist die Programmierung irreversibel. Sie erfolgt nach einem Ausführungsbeispiel unter Einwirkung einer erhöhten Temperatur, insbesondere unter Einwirkung einer Temperatur über 40°C, oder unter Beaufschlagung mit elektromagnetischer Strahlung, insbesondere im Bereich des nahen Infrarot (NIR). Hierdurch lässt sich die notwendige Energie zur Personalisierung reduzieren, weil die strahlungstechnische Beaufschlagung die Barriere für eine bistabile Zustandsänderung erniedrigt, so dass auch geringere Spannungsimpulse hierfür ausreichen. Im Bereich kurzwelliger Strahlung sind es im wesentlichen photoinduzierte Effekte, die hier eingesetzt werden können, im Bereich des NIR lässt sich mit Vorteil der Effekt nutzen, dass eine derartige Strahlung durch bestimmte Druckfarben sowie NIR-transparente und ansonsten opake Kunststofffolien nicht absorbiert wird. Dadurch können darunter liegende NIR-absorbierende Strukturen mit der eingebrachten Strahlung wechselwirken.Preferably, the programming is irreversible. It is carried out according to an embodiment under the action of an elevated temperature, in particular under the action of a temperature above 40 ° C, or under exposure to electromagnetic radiation, in particular in the range of the near infrared (NIR). In this way, the necessary energy for personalization can be reduced, because the radiation-related exposure lowers the barrier for a bistable state change, so that even lower voltage pulses are sufficient for this purpose. In the area of short-wave radiation, it is essentially photoinduced effects that can be used here; in the area of NIR, it is advantageously possible to use the effect that such radiation is not absorbed by certain printing inks and NIR-transparent and otherwise opaque plastic films. This allows underlying NIR-absorbing structures to interact with the introduced radiation.

Des Weiteren kann das Dokument während oder nach der Programmierung durch Zuführung von Energie und nachfolgend daraus induzierten chemisch/physikalischen Prozessen unveränderbar gemacht werden. Diese Fixierung kann beispielsweise durch elektromagnetische Strahlung (Röntgen - Mikrowellenbereich), durch thermische Energie (Erwärmung, Abkühlung) durch magnetische Felder (Permanentmagnete), durch Druck (Pressen, Prägen) oder durch eine Kombination aus den genannten Energieformen induziert werden. Beispiele für chemisch/physikalische Fixierungsprozesse sind z.B. das Farbfilm-Entwicklungsverfahren (Polaroid) oder Festphasenumwandlungen (CD, DVD). Prinzipiell können die erfindungsgemäßen Fixierungsverfahren Redoxreaktionen (z.B. wie beim Dichromat-Gelatine-Farbfilm), Polymerisationen (Photopolymere in der Holographie), photoinduzierte Umlagerungen (z.B. wie beim Bacterio-Rhodopsin) und andere Effekte enthalten. Auch eine reversible Fixierung ist möglich, beispielsweise in Form einer photochemischen Umlagerung.Furthermore, the document may be made immutable during or after programming by supplying energy and subsequently inducing chemical / physical processes. This fixation can be induced for example by electromagnetic radiation (X-ray microwave range), by thermal energy (heating, cooling) by magnetic fields (permanent magnets), by pressure (pressing, embossing) or by a combination of the aforementioned forms of energy. Examples of chemical / physical fixation processes are e.g. the color film development process (Polaroid) or solid phase conversions (CD, DVD). In principle, the fixation methods of the present invention may include redox reactions (e.g., as in the dichromated gelatin color film), polymerizations (photopolymers in holography), photoinduced rearrangements (e.g., as in bacterio-rhodopsin), and other effects. A reversible fixation is possible, for example in the form of a photochemical rearrangement.

Der Programmiervorgang kann beispielsweise unter entsprechender Abschirmung (Faradaykäfig) erfolgen. Damit kann eine größere RFID-Energie zur Verfügung gestellt werden, als es nach den diversen, von Land zu Land unterschiedlichen Standards erlaubt ist, die für Menschen unbedenkliche Grenzwerte festlegen.The programming process can be done for example under appropriate shielding (Faraday cage). This can provide more RFID energy than it does the various, from country to country different standards is allowed to set the harmless for humans limits.

Neben der Verwendung der vorgenannten RFID-Versorgungs- und Kommunikationsmethoden können je nach Anordnung der auf dem Dokument verteilten Anzeige- und Speicherelemente sehr unterschiedliche Frequenzbänder, gegebenenfalls auch in Kombination, zum Einsatz kommen.In addition to the use of the aforementioned RFID supply and communication methods, depending on the arrangement of the display and memory elements distributed on the document, very different frequency bands, possibly also in combination, can be used.

Des Weiteren kann im Dokument eine lochartige Ausnehmung, um die eine Spule verlegt ist, vorgesehen sein. Die Energieeinspeisung und auch gegebenenfalls die Informationsübertragung erfolgt dann über einen in diese Ausnehmung greifenden Induktionskern.Furthermore, a hole-like recess about which a coil is laid can be provided in the document. The energy supply and also optionally the information transfer then takes place via an in this recess cross-induction core.

Auf dem Dokument können mehrere Anzeige- und Speicherelemente verteilt werden, wobei die Speicherelemente im einfachsten Fall mit einer binären Ja/Nein-Information versehen sind. Ebenso lassen sich aber auch matrixartige Speicherelemente mit entsprechender serieller Treiberlogik einsetzen.Several display and memory elements can be distributed on the document, with the memory elements in the simplest case being provided with binary yes / no information. Likewise, however, it is also possible to use matrix-type memory elements with corresponding serial driver logic.

Besonders vorteilhaft ist, wenn die bildmäßige Darstellung im Anzeigefeld 3 steganographisch versteckte Information enthält. Damit wird die Sicherheit gegen Missbrauch und Fälschungen weiter erhöht.It is particularly advantageous if the pictorial representation in the display panel 3 contains steganographically hidden information. This will further increase security against abuse and counterfeiting.

Das Anzeigefeld des erfindungsgemäßen Sicherheits- oder Wertdokuments wird vorzugsweise durch eine im Dokument integrierte Abschirmung nach Art eines Faradayschen Käfigs gegen verändernde Eingriffe geschützt.The display panel of the security or value document according to the invention is preferably protected by a built-in shielding in the manner of a Faraday cage against changing interventions.

Eine vorteilhafte Ausführung des Sicherheits- oder Wertdokument besteht darin, dass für das Anzeigefeld nicht nur passive sondern auch aktiv strahlende Elemente wie beispielsweise drucktechnisch hergestellte OLED-Systeme in Frage kommen. Solche OLED-Anzeigenfelder können monochrom oder mehrfarbig ausgeführt sein. Vorzugsweise ist dabei eine Pufferbatterie im Dokument integriert, die aufladbar ist. Sie ist insbesondere mit einem ersten Taster verbunden, mit dem das Anzeigefeld aktiviert werden kann. Ein anderer Taster kann vorgesehen sein, um einen kontaktlosen Sendevorgang auszulösen. Gegebenenfalls ist zur zusätzlichen Energieversorgung als Energiepuffer ein Solarzellenelement einzusetzen.An advantageous embodiment of the security or value document is that not only passive but also actively radiating elements such as, for example, printed OLED systems are suitable for the display field. Such OLED display panels can be monochrome or multicolored. Preferably, a backup battery is integrated in the document, which is rechargeable. In particular, it is connected to a first button with which the display field can be activated. Another button may be provided to trigger a contactless transmission. Optionally, a solar cell element is used for additional energy supply as an energy buffer.

Wesentlich ist, dass das Sicherheits- oder Wertdokument neben der Schaltung ein Anzeigefeld sowie eine einschlägig bekannte Antennenperipherie enthält, die erfindungsgemäß jeweils drucktechnisch hergestellt sind und das Dokument damit RFID-fähig ist. Die hier eingesetzte sog. Polymerelektronik basiert dabei u.a. auf der Verwendung intrinsisch (halb-)leitender polymerer Pasten, womit sich drucktechnisch elektronische Schaltungen mit passiven und aktiven Komponenten, insbesondere mit bipolaren Dioden und Transistoren herstellen lassen. Damit kann die Verwendung von ICs und damit von teuren einkristallinen Halbleitersubstraten auf der Basis von Silizium vermieden werden.It is essential that the security or value document contains, in addition to the circuit, a display field as well as a pertinent antenna periphery, which according to the invention are each produced by printing technology and the document is thus RFID-capable. The used here The so-called polymer electronics are based, inter alia, on the use of intrinsically (semi-) conductive polymer pastes, which can be produced by electronic printing circuits with passive and active components, in particular with bipolar diodes and transistors. Thus, the use of ICs and thus of expensive monocrystalline semiconductor substrates based on silicon can be avoided.

Die drucktechnische Herstellung erfolgt mit den üblichen Druckverfahren. Die Drucktechniken umfassen dabei den Stand der Technik und beinhalten die einschlägig bekannten Tief-, Hoch-, Flach- und Durchdruckverfahren wie beispielsweise Stichtiefdruck, Flexodruck, Letterset, Offset- und Siebdruck, beinhalten aber auch digitale Druckverfahren wie beispielsweise Ink-Jet oder Transfer-Druckverfahren, welche die aufwändigen Halbleiterstrukturierungsmethoden bei herkömmlichen mit einem Chipmodul ausgestatteten Sicherheitsdokumenten ersetzen.The printing technology production takes place with the usual printing methods. The printing techniques include the state of the art and include the relevant known gravure, portrait, flat and printing processes such as intaglio, flexographic, letter set, offset and screen printing, but also include digital printing processes such as ink-jet or transfer printing process which replace the elaborate semiconductor patterning techniques of conventional chip-module security documents.

In Versuchen haben sich das Inkjetdruckverfahren und die Additivtechnik als besonders flexibel und geeignet herausgestellt. Hierfür sind eine Reihe von Faktoren zu benennen. Inkjetdrucker sind kostengünstige digital steuerbare Drucksysteme. Die Verfahren sind soweit entwickelt, dass mittels Selfalignement-Methoden, wie sie z.B. in WO 01/46987 oder in US 2004/0175963 beschrieben sind, Strukturen bis zu einigen 100 nm realisierbar sind. Inkjetdruckverfahren bieten gute Kantenbedeckung sowie höchste Positioniergenauigkeit und können auf Glassubstraten, Polymerschichten und Papiersubstraten verwendet werden. Sie sind außerdem für den sequentiellen Aufbau mehrlagiger Schaltungen geeignet und haben sich bereits im Bereich der Displayherstellung und hochintegrierter Multilayer-Leiterplattenanwendungen bewährt. Sie lassen sich überdies mit anderen in der Sicherheits-Drucktechnik verwendeten Druckverfahren kombinieren.In experiments, the inkjet printing process and the additive technology have proven to be particularly flexible and suitable. There are a number of factors to be named for this. Inkjet printers are cost-effective digitally controllable printing systems. The methods have been developed so far that selfalignement methods, such as those in WO 01/46987 or in US 2004/0175963 are described, structures up to several 100 nm can be realized. Inkjet printing processes offer good edge coverage and highest positioning accuracy and can be used on glass substrates, polymer layers and paper substrates. They are also suitable for the sequential construction of multilayer circuits and have already proven themselves in the field of display manufacturing and highly integrated multilayer PCB applications. They can also be combined with other printing techniques used in security printing.

Für RFID Elemente werden Antennen in Spulenform, beispielsweise im 13,56 MHz Bereich, sowie Dipolantennen, beispielsweise im UHF Bereich bei 860 MHz bis 940 MHz oder im 2,45 GHz Mikrowellenbereich benötigt. Derartige Antennen können sehr effizient mittels konventioneller Druckverfahren hergestellt werden. Bei Dipolantennen kommen überdies dünnere Schichten und geringere Leiterbahnbreiten zum Einsatz, weil hier die Anforderungen an die elektrischen Parameter verglichen mit den Güteanforderungen bei einer Antennenspule wesentlich geringer sind. Mit elektrisch leitfähigen Druckpasten sind daher Antennen kostengünstig herstell- und kontaktierbar.Antennas in coil form, for example in the 13.56 MHz range, and dipole antennas, for example in the UHF range at 860 MHz to 940 MHz or in the 2.45 GHz microwave range, are required for RFID elements. Such antennas can be manufactured very efficiently by conventional printing methods. Thinner layers and lower interconnect widths are also used in dipole antennas because the requirements for the electrical parameters are significantly lower here compared with the quality requirements for an antenna coil. With electrically conductive printing pastes therefore antennas are inexpensive to manufacture and contactable.

Eine ganz wesentliche Rolle spielen Stufen im Bereich der Kanten der elektrisch leitfähigen, isolierenden oder halbleitenden Strukturen. Insbesondere können Probleme auftreten, wenn eine 5 µm bis 10 µm dicke Strukturkante mit einer 0,5 µm bis 3 µm dicken Struktur gekreuzt werden muss. Das Inkjetdruckverfahren hat sich diesbezüglich als sehr flexibel erwiesen, da es :berührungslos arbeitet und Kanten ohne Unterbrechungen druckbar sind. Aufgrund der geringen Tinten-Viskosität ist einerseits eine hohe Fließfähigkeit gegeben, andererseits kann digital ein entsprechend verstärkter Auftrag oder ein Mehrfachauftrag programmiert werden. Neben diesen Möglichkeiten bietet sich noch ein Präge- und Einebnungsverfahrensschritt an, der nach jedem additiven Strukturierungsschritt mit einer Prägewalze oder -platte ausgeführt wird, wobei der Einebnungsvorgang zusätzlich durch Wärmeeinwirkung unterstützt werden kann.Steps in the area of the edges of the electrically conductive, insulating or semiconducting structures play a very important role. In particular, problems can occur when a 5 μm to 10 μm thick structure edge is crossed with a 0.5 μm to 3 μm thick structure got to. The inkjet printing process has proved to be very flexible in this respect, as it works without contact and edges can be printed without interruptions. Due to the low ink viscosity on the one hand a high flowability is given, on the other hand can be programmed digitally a correspondingly increased order or a multiple order. In addition to these possibilities, there is also an embossing and flattening process step which is carried out after each additive structuring step with an embossing roller or plate, wherein the flattening process can be additionally assisted by the action of heat.

Weitere Vorteile und Merkmale der Erfindung ergeben sich aus der nachfolgenden Beschreibung von Ausführungsbeispielen.Further advantages and features of the invention will become apparent from the following description of exemplary embodiments.

Es zeigen:

Fig. 1:
Ein erstes Ausführungsbeispiel eines drucktechnisch hergestellten RFID-tauglichen Dokuments in Form einer ID Karte mit spulenförmiger Antenne;
Fig. 2:
Ein zweites Ausführungsbeispiel eines drucktechnisch hergestellten RFID-Dokuments mit dipolartiger Antenne;
Fig. 3:
Ein Ausführungsbeispiel eines drucktechnisch hergestellten RFID-Dokuments in Form eines Reisepasses mit flächigen Elektroden zur kapazitiven Einkopplung;
Show it:
Fig. 1:
A first exemplary embodiment of a printable RFID-capable document in the form of an ID card with a coil-shaped antenna;
Fig. 2:
A second embodiment of a printed RFID document with Dipolartiger antenna;
3:
An embodiment of a printing technology produced RFID document in the form of a passport with flat electrodes for capacitive coupling;

In Fig. 1 ist ein schematisches Blockschaltbild eines drucktechnisch hergestellten RFID-Dokuments 1 mit einem bistabilen Anzeigeelement 3, einem bidirektionalen Treiber 5 und einer entsprechenden Logik 2 dargestellt.In Fig. 1 is a schematic block diagram of a printing technology produced RFID document 1 with a bistable display element 3, a bidirectional driver 5 and a corresponding logic 2 shown.

Das Dokument kommt ohne IC-Modul auf Silizium basis aus. Im dargestellten Beispiel ist die Antenne 4 als eine am Rand der ID-Karte umlaufende Spule für den HF-Bereich, insbesondere bei 13,56 MHz ausgebildet. Der Logik 2 obliegt die Aufgabe, die Energieversorgung sowie die Ein- und Ausgabe von Information zu steuern. Die Logik 2 kann synchron, also als reine Lese- und Schreiblogik für das Anzeigefeld 3 in der Art einer Speicherchipkarte arbeiten, sie kann aber auch asynchron nach Art einer Prozessorchipkarte organisiert sein. Die Logik 2 beinhaltet dabei zumindest die beiden Einheiten Modulator/Demodulator 11 zur Modulation bzw. Demodulation von RFID-Information sowie den Controller 12 zum Lesen und Schreiben des Anzeigefeldes 3. Letzteres bildet dabei das elektrisch programmierbare Speicherfeld, das mittels bidirektionalem Treiber 5 und Logik 2 bzw. Controller 12 nach der Programmierung bzw. Personalisierung auch ausgelesen und derart das Anzeigefeld 3 als elektrisch programmierbares Read-Only-Memory (PROM) verwendet werden kann. Die Speicherausbildung des Anzeigenfeldes 3 mit dem bidirektionalen Treiber ist daher als EEPROM (Electrical Erasable PROM) oder als EPROM (Erasable programmable ROM) ausbildbar, kann also in beiden Fällen elektrisch programmiert werden und elektrisch oder mit UV-Licht gelöscht werden. Neben diesen beiden Arten der reversiblen Gestaltung des Anzeigenfeldes sind weitere Löschungsvarianten möglich, insbesondere durch Erhöhung der Temperatur oder des Druckes. In speziellen Fällen wird es jedoch sinnvoll sein, einen irreversiblen elektrischen Schreibvorgang zu wählen. In allen Varianten der Herstellung eines irreversiblen Anzeigefeldes muss jedoch darauf geachtet werden, dass der elektrische Auslesevorgang, also die ROM Funktion des Anzeigefeldes voll erhalten bleibt.The document does not require a silicon-based IC module. In the illustrated example, the antenna 4 is designed as a circulating at the edge of the ID card coil for the RF range, in particular at 13.56 MHz. Logic 2 has the task of controlling the power supply as well as the input and output of information. The logic 2 can operate synchronously, ie as pure read and write logic for the display field 3 in the manner of a memory chip card, but it can also be organized asynchronously in the manner of a processor chipcard. The logic 2 includes at least the two units modulator / demodulator 11 for modulation or demodulation of RFID information and the controller 12 for reading and writing the display panel 3. The latter forms the electrically programmable memory field, the means of bidirectional driver 5 and logic. 2 or controller 12 after programming or personalization also read and so the display panel 3 as an electrically programmable read-only memory (PROM) can be used. The memory configuration of the display field 3 with the bidirectional driver can therefore be embodied as an EEPROM (Electrical Erasable PROM) or as an EPROM (erasable programmable ROM), ie it can be electrically programmed in both cases and erased electrically or with UV light. In addition to these two types of reversible design of the display field further deletion variants are possible, in particular by increasing the temperature or the pressure. In special cases, however, it will be useful to choose an irreversible electrical writing process. In all variants of the production of an irreversible display panel, however, care must be taken to ensure that the electrical read-out process, ie the ROM function of the display panel, is fully retained.

Der Inhalt des Anzeigefeldes, beispielsweise eines Gesichtsbildes 10, ist in Authentifikations- und Verifikationsprozessen, in denen also die Echtheit des Dokuments bzw. die Übereinstimmung der personenbezogenen Daten mit der das Dokument vorlegenden Person überprüft wird, auslesbar. Aus diesem Grunde ist die Treiberschaltung 5 bidirektional und für einen seriellen Informationsfluss ausgelegt.The content of the display field, for example a face image 10, is readable in authentication and verification processes, in which the authenticity of the document or the correspondence of the personal data with the person presenting the document is checked. For this reason, the driver circuit 5 is bidirectional and designed for a serial flow of information.

Das Anzeigefeld 3 ist mit einer Abschirmung 6 versehen, die das Anzeigefeld 3 umgibt. Im gezeigten Beispiel ist in Richtung der Ober- und Unterseiten des Dokuments in diesem eine dünne, weitgehend transparente und elektrisch leitfähige Schicht (z.B. aus ITO = Indium-Tin-Oxide) ausgebildet, die das Anzeigefeld beiderseits überdeckt. Auf diese Weise wird eine Art Faradayscher Käfig gebildet, der eine selektive Feldeinprägung und Veränderung des Anzeigeninhalts verhindert.The display panel 3 is provided with a shield 6 surrounding the display panel 3. In the example shown, a thin, substantially transparent and electrically conductive layer (for example made of ITO = indium tin oxide) is formed in the direction of the upper and lower sides of the document, covering the display field on both sides. In this way, a type of Faraday cage is formed which prevents selective field imprinting and altering the content of the ad.

Die Fig. 2 zeigt eine weitere Ausführungsform der Erfindung in Form eines RFID-tauglichen Dokuments 1. Das schematisch dargestellte Blockschaltbild zeigt ein drucktechnisch hergestelltes bistabiles Anzeigefeld 3 mit einem bidirektionalen Treiber 5, einer entsprechenden Logik 2 und einer dipolartigen Antenne 4, die im UHF-Frequenzbereich bei etwa 860 Mhz bis 940 MHz betrieben wird. Auch andere Frequenzen, beispielsweise im Mikrowellenbereich bei z.B. 2,45 GHz sind möglich. Die Eigenschaften der Polymerelektronik, insbesondere die Beweglichkeit der Ladungsträger und die erforderliche Schaltgeschwindigkeiten erfordern dabei Feldeffekttransistoren und bipolare Dioden, insbesondere für die Gleichrichtung der RFID-Signale.The Fig. 2 shows a further embodiment of the invention in the form of an RFID-capable document 1. The block diagram schematically shows a pressure-produced bistable display panel 3 with a bidirectional driver 5, a corresponding logic 2 and a dipole-like antenna 4, in the UHF frequency range at about 860th Mhz is operated up to 940 MHz. Other frequencies, for example in the microwave range at eg 2.45 GHz are possible. The properties of the polymer electronics, in particular the mobility of the charge carriers and the required switching speeds require field effect transistors and bipolar diodes, in particular for the rectification of the RFID signals.

Im gezeigten Beispiel der Fig. 2 wird wiederum das Anzeigefeld 3 mit der Information initialisiert und programmiert In Authentifikations- und Verifikationsprozessen ist die gespeicherte Information auslesbar, weshalb die Treiberschaltung 5 wiederum bidirektional für seriellen Informationsfluss ausgelegt ist. Modulator/Demodulator 11 und Controller 12 sind wie im Beispiel der Fig. 1 ausgelegt. Mit 6 ist wiederum eine Abschirmung bezeichnet, die beiderseits zu den Oberflächen des Wertdokuments hin das Speicherelement 3 überdeckt.In the example shown the Fig. 2 In turn, the display panel 3 is initialized and programmed with the information in the authentication and verification processes, the stored information is readable, which is why the driver circuit 5 is again designed bidirectionally for serial information flow. Modulator / demodulator 11 and controller 12 are as in the example of Fig. 1 designed. With 6 again a shield is designated, which covers the memory element 3 on both sides to the surfaces of the value document.

Die Fig. 3 zeigt in Analogie zu Fig. 1 ein schematisches Blockschaltbild eines drucktechnisch hergestellten RFID-Dokuments 1 in Form eines Reisepasses mit einem bistabilen Anzeigelement 3, einem bidirektionalen Treiber 5 und entsprechender Logik 2. Auf dem Anzeigefeld 3, das durch die Abschirmung 6 gesichert ist, sind biometrische Daten, beispielsweise das Gesichtsbild 10 darstellbar. Die Antenne 4 ist spulenförmig im Randbereich des Dokuments ausgebildet und umgibt Anzeigeelement 3, Treiber 5, Controller 12, Modulator/Demodulator 11, I-CAO-Zeile 7 sowie zwei flächige Elektroden 8, 9, die als kapazitive Kopplungsfelder dienen. Die zusätzlichen Kopplungselemente 8, 9 dienen primär der Energieversorgung. Über sie kann aber auch beim Personalisierungsvorgang die Programmierung des Anzeigefeldes 3 erfolgen.The Fig. 3 shows in analogy to Fig. 1 a schematic block diagram of a printed RFID document 1 in the form of a passport with a bistable display element 3, a bidirectional driver 5 and corresponding logic 2. On the display panel 3, which is secured by the shield 6, biometric data, such as the face image 10th represented. The antenna 4 is formed like a coil in the edge region of the document and surrounds display element 3, driver 5, controller 12, modulator / demodulator 11, I-CAO line 7 and two flat electrodes 8, 9, which serve as capacitive coupling fields. The additional coupling elements 8, 9 serve primarily for the power supply. But they can also be done during the personalization process, the programming of the display panel 3.

Statt kapazitiv kann die Energieeinkopplung auch induktiv erfolgen. Bei Ausbildung flächiger kapazitiver Kopplungsfelder, wie in Fig. 3 dargestellt, kann in einem Lese-/Schreibgerät relativ hohe Energie in die Schaltungselemente 2, 11, 12 eingebracht werden, was die Programmierung des Anzeigefeldes 3 wesentlich erleichtert.Instead of capacitive energy coupling can also be done inductively. When forming area capacitive coupling fields, as in Fig. 3 shown, in a read / write device relatively high energy in the circuit elements 2, 11, 12 are introduced, which greatly facilitates the programming of the display panel 3.

Claims (3)

  1. Method for producing a security document or a valuable document, the document containing
    - a logic circuit (2, 12),
    - a bistable display field (3) for storing and displaying data of the logic circuit (2, 12),
    - a driver circuit (5), which serves for programming the data, for the display field (3),
    - a device (2, 11) for contactlessly communicating with an external read and/or write appliance,
    - wherein organic, electrophoretic or ferroelectric solutions or liquid crystals are used for producing by printing technology the bistable display field (3)
    characterized in that
    the logic circuit (2, 12), the driver circuit (5) and the device (2, 11) for wireless communication are produced by printing technology, wherein intrinsically conductive polymer pastes are used.
  2. Method according to Claim 1, characterized in that the production by printing technology is effected using at least one of the following methods:
    - intaglio, relief, planographic or stencil printing methods such as copperplate printing, flexographic printing, letterset printing, offset printing, screen printing,
    - digital printing methods such as inkjet printing or transfer printing methods.
  3. Security document or valuable document, containing:
    - a logic circuit (2, 12),
    - a bistable display field (3) for storing and displaying data of the logic circuit (2, 12), for whose production by printing technology organic, electrophoretic or ferroelectric solutions or liquid crystals are used,
    - a polymer-electronic driver circuit (5), which serves for programming the data, for the display field (3),
    - a device (2, 11) for contactlessly communicating with an external read and/or write appliance,
    characterized in that the logic circuit (2, 12), the driver circuit (5) and the device (2, 11) for wireless communication are produced by printing technology, wherein intrinsically conductive polymer pastes are used.
EP06753857A 2005-06-30 2006-05-24 Security document or valuable document comprising a contactless interface and a bi-stable display Not-in-force EP1897037B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102005030627A DE102005030627A1 (en) 2005-06-30 2005-06-30 Security or value document with a device for contactless communication with an external reading and / or writing device
PCT/EP2006/004981 WO2007003247A1 (en) 2005-06-30 2006-05-24 Security document or valuable document comprising a contactless interface and a bi-stable display

Publications (2)

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EP1897037A1 EP1897037A1 (en) 2008-03-12
EP1897037B1 true EP1897037B1 (en) 2011-11-02

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EP06753857A Not-in-force EP1897037B1 (en) 2005-06-30 2006-05-24 Security document or valuable document comprising a contactless interface and a bi-stable display

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EP (1) EP1897037B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE532148T1 (en)
DE (1) DE102005030627A1 (en)
ES (1) ES2376787T3 (en)
WO (1) WO2007003247A1 (en)

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Also Published As

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DE102005030627A1 (en) 2007-01-04
ATE532148T1 (en) 2011-11-15
EP1897037A1 (en) 2008-03-12
WO2007003247A1 (en) 2007-01-11
ES2376787T3 (en) 2012-03-16

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