EP1885668A1 - Pyrotechnic thermal fuse - Google Patents
Pyrotechnic thermal fuseInfo
- Publication number
- EP1885668A1 EP1885668A1 EP06716920A EP06716920A EP1885668A1 EP 1885668 A1 EP1885668 A1 EP 1885668A1 EP 06716920 A EP06716920 A EP 06716920A EP 06716920 A EP06716920 A EP 06716920A EP 1885668 A1 EP1885668 A1 EP 1885668A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- weight
- percent
- thermal fuse
- guanylurea
- pyrotechnic
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B25/00—Compositions containing a nitrated organic compound
- C06B25/34—Compositions containing a nitrated organic compound the compound being a nitrated acyclic, alicyclic or heterocyclic amine
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B33/00—Compositions containing particulate metal, alloy, boron, silicon, selenium or tellurium with at least one oxygen supplying material which is either a metal oxide or a salt, organic or inorganic, capable of yielding a metal oxide
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06C—DETONATING OR PRIMING DEVICES; FUSES; CHEMICAL LIGHTERS; PYROPHORIC COMPOSITIONS
- C06C9/00—Chemical contact igniters; Chemical lighters
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a pyrotechnic thermal fuse, that is, a pellet consisting of a substance with well-defined auto-ignition temperature.
- the field of application for the invention relates to gas generators that inflate an airbag in a vehicle.
- Thermal fuses are used in the automotive industry in the gas generators used to inflate airbags in the event of a collision.
- the function of the thermal fuse is to prevent an explosion in the generator during a fire when all the powder within it could potentially heat up and ignite simultaneously with an instantaneous ignition as a result.
- the thermal fuse has a considerably lower auto-ignition temperature than the remaining substances in the generator, which causes the pellet to ignite before the remaining substances. This will result in a normal inflation of the airbag.
- USA patent 5,380,380 describes how a hydrazine salt of 3-nitro-l,2,4-triazole-5-one (NTO) is mixed with various oxidizers to cause spontaneous ignition between 150-21O 0 C. None is mentioned about the stability of the compositions.
- USA patent 5,866,842 describes a composition that ignites between 130-175°C. It consists of 3-nitro-l,2,4-triazole-5-one (NTO) together with among other ingredients potassium nitrate, ammonium nitrate and boron.
- USA patent US2001042577 describes how 3-nit ⁇ o-l,2,4-t ⁇ azole-i-one (JN I U) together with for example guanidine nitrate and an oxidizer cause spontaneous ignition at temperatures from 150 0 C and upward.
- the present invention is intended for use for example in the gas generators used to inflate airbags in the event of a collision.
- the invention is placed in a gas generator together with the gas- generating substance found in the above-mentioned gas generators.
- the invention is a pyrotechnic thermal fuse composed of a number of compositions with well-defined auto-ignition temperatures. These auto-ignition temperatures should be considerably lower than the gas-generating substances in the gas generator in order to fulfill the purpose of the thermal fuse.
- the purpose is that the pyrotechnic thermal fuse should ignite the gas-generating substances in the gas generator during a fire and in that way create a controllable function to prevent a potential explosion.
- the pyrotechnic thermal fuse is compatible with several different gas- generating substances. These gas-generating substances have had auto-ignition temperature from 200°C and upward.
- the pyrotechnic thermal fuse produces a spontaneous ignition at a well-defined auto- ignition temperature between 150-180°C depending on the composition and it is thermally stable in the tests that have been conducted, 107°C for 408 hours and it survives six hours at 14O 0 C without igniting.
- the pyrotechnic thermal fuse even survives a cycle test in the temperature range -40°C to 90 0 C.
- the pyrotechnic thermal fuse to which the invention applies can have different auto-ignition temperatures depending on the mixing proportions of the component parts.
- These components are Guanylurea nitrate and/or Guanylurea dinitramide in proportions oi uou percent Dy weight together with 3-nitro-l,2,4-triazol-5-one (NTO) in proportions of 5-50 percent by weight.
- compositions of the pyrotechnic thermal fuse include 1. Guanylurea dinitramide and/or Guanylurea nitrate 35 percent by weight NTO 40 percent by weight
- GuN03 Guanylurea nitrate
- NTO 3-nitro- 1 ,2,4-triazol-5-one
- KN03 Potassium nitrate
- composition was prepared in accordance with the following formula where the percentage applies to percentage by weight:
- composition was prepared in accordance with the following formula where the percentage applies to percentage by weight:
- composition was prepared in accordance with the following formula where the percentage applies to percentage by weight:
- composition was prepared in accordance with the following formula where the percentage applies to percentage by weight:
- composition was prepared in accordance with the following formula where the percentage applies to percentage by weight:
- T A 10% Zr Auto-ignition temperature
- T A was 170 0 C.
- composition was prepared in accordance with the following formula where the percentage applies to percentage by weight:
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Air Bags (AREA)
Abstract
For gas generators that are to inflate airbags during a collision in a vehicle based auto- ignition system in the form of a temperature sensitive pyrotechnic composition for thermal fuse intended to produce spontaneous ignition at a well-defined auto-ignition temperature. This auto- ignition temperature must be lower than for the gas-generating mixture found in the gas generator. The pyrotechnic thermal fuse is characterized by the content of Guanylurea nitrate and/or Guanylurea dinitramide together with 3-nitro-l,2,4-triazol-5-one (NTO). Furthermore, it is mixed with an oxidizing agent plus a reducing agent in the form of a slag former. These components can be mixed in various compositions to produce an auto-ignition temperature between 150-180°C.
Description
Pyrotechnic thermal fuse
Technical area
The present invention relates to a pyrotechnic thermal fuse, that is, a pellet consisting of a substance with well-defined auto-ignition temperature. The field of application for the invention relates to gas generators that inflate an airbag in a vehicle.
Background
Thermal fuses are used in the automotive industry in the gas generators used to inflate airbags in the event of a collision. The function of the thermal fuse is to prevent an explosion in the generator during a fire when all the powder within it could potentially heat up and ignite simultaneously with an instantaneous ignition as a result. The thermal fuse has a considerably lower auto-ignition temperature than the remaining substances in the generator, which causes the pellet to ignite before the remaining substances. This will result in a normal inflation of the airbag.
The main requirement on a thermal fuse is stability during several tests to be able to guarantee functioning even after a long storage time. Furthermore it is required that a thermal fuse have a considerably lower auto-ignition temperature than the remaining substances in the gas generator to be able to function satisfactorily. Another requirement is that a thermal fuse survives storage at 14O0C for six hours without igniting but without the requirement that it function after the test. A thermal fuse must even pass a Bonfire test to demonstrate functionality under realistic conditions in which a gas generator heats up during a fire.
There are a number of previous and similar projects that claim to have a solution to the problem described above. However, none of them mention the requirement to survive 140°C for six hours. USA patent 5,084,118 describes how 5-aminotetrazole together with potassium or sodium chlorate and 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine provide spontaneous ignition at approximately 177°C. Chlorates are sensitive to moisture and can form hydrochloric acid in contact with water, which is why they should be avoided in environments where moisture can be found.
USA patent 5,380,380 describes how a hydrazine salt of 3-nitro-l,2,4-triazole-5-one (NTO) is mixed with various oxidizers to cause spontaneous ignition between 150-21O0C. Nothing is mentioned about the stability of the compositions.
USA patent 5,866,842 describes a composition that ignites between 130-175°C. It consists of 3-nitro-l,2,4-triazole-5-one (NTO) together with among other ingredients potassium nitrate, ammonium nitrate and boron.
USA patent US2001042577 describes how 3-nitτo-l,2,4-tπazole-i-one (JN I U) together with for example guanidine nitrate and an oxidizer cause spontaneous ignition at temperatures from 1500C and upward.
General information about the invention
One main objective of the invention is to provide a pyrotechnic thermal fuse that fulfills all of the requirements on such a device. The pyrotechnic thermal fuse has a well-defined auto-ignition temperature plus good stability during storage at 107°C for 408 hours and survives six hours at 140°C without igniting.
As claimed in the present invention, a pyrotechnic thermal fuse is made by mixing fuel with oxidizer together with a reducing agent in the form of a slag former in various compositions. These compositions show no sign of being hygroscopic, which can be positive if they should come into contact with moisture inside the gas generator. Some of the tested compositions will be described in a number of examples below.
The main objective is fulfilled by the characteristics described in the patent claim.
Detailed description
The present invention is intended for use for example in the gas generators used to inflate airbags in the event of a collision. The invention is placed in a gas generator together with the gas- generating substance found in the above-mentioned gas generators.
The invention is a pyrotechnic thermal fuse composed of a number of compositions with well-defined auto-ignition temperatures. These auto-ignition temperatures should be considerably lower than the gas-generating substances in the gas generator in order to fulfill the purpose of the thermal fuse. The purpose is that the pyrotechnic thermal fuse should ignite the gas-generating substances in the gas generator during a fire and in that way create a controllable function to prevent a potential explosion. The pyrotechnic thermal fuse is compatible with several different gas- generating substances. These gas-generating substances have had auto-ignition temperature from 200°C and upward.
The pyrotechnic thermal fuse produces a spontaneous ignition at a well-defined auto- ignition temperature between 150-180°C depending on the composition and it is thermally stable in the tests that have been conducted, 107°C for 408 hours and it survives six hours at 14O0C without igniting. The pyrotechnic thermal fuse even survives a cycle test in the temperature range -40°C to 900C.
The pyrotechnic thermal fuse to which the invention applies can have different auto-ignition temperatures depending on the mixing proportions of the component parts. These components are
Guanylurea nitrate and/or Guanylurea dinitramide in proportions oi uou percent Dy weight together with 3-nitro-l,2,4-triazol-5-one (NTO) in proportions of 5-50 percent by weight.
These are then mixed with oxidizing agent taken from the nitrates, chlorates, perchlorates, permanganates and oxides of transition metals in the periodic table in proportions of 5-40 percent by weight. Additionally, one or more slag-forming substance from one of the groups in the periodic table including Boron or Zirconium in proportions of 0.5-10 percent by weight.
Particularly favorable compositions of the pyrotechnic thermal fuse include 1. Guanylurea dinitramide and/or Guanylurea nitrate 35 percent by weight NTO 40 percent by weight
Boron 5 percent by weight or zirconium 10 percent by weight Potassium nitrate 20 percent by weight
It is known that a hydrazine salt of NTO can be produced using a simple method and it is probable that this compound could be used as a substitute for NTO in the compositions belonging to the invention.
Examples
A number of test compositions have been produced for this purpose by dry-blending the component parts and then sifting them through 100 mesh sized wire sieve. Pellets of 5 mm diameter have been pressed from the compositions and these have then been used to test auto-ignition temperatures. A pressure exponent has even been measured for Examples No. 3 and 4. The following abbreviations have been used for the tests:
GuN03 = Guanylurea nitrate
GuDN = Guanylurea dinitramide
NTO = 3-nitro- 1 ,2,4-triazol-5-one
KC1O4 = Potassium perchlorate
KN03 = Potassium nitrate
B = Boron
Zr = Zirconium
Example 1
A composition was prepared in accordance with the following formula where the percentage applies to percentage by weight:
35% GuNCβ
35% NTO
20% KC1O4
10% Zr
Auto-ignition temperature TA was 1630C and after storage at 107°C for 408 hours TA was 168°C.
Example 2
A composition was prepared in accordance with the following formula where the percentage applies to percentage by weight:
35% GuNCβ
35% NTO
15% KNO3
10% KClO4
5% B (Boron)
Auto-ignition temperature TA was 155°C and after storage at 107°C for 408 hours TA was 161°C.
Example 3
A composition was prepared in accordance with the following formula where the percentage applies to percentage by weight:
35% GuDN
40% NTO
20% KNO3
5% B
Auto-ignition temperature TA was 155°C and after storage at 107°C for 408 hours TA was 155°C. The pressure exponent was 0.3.
Example 4
A composition was prepared in accordance with the following formula where the percentage applies to percentage by weight:
35% GuDN
35 % NTO
20% KNO3
10% Zr
Auto-ignition temperature TA was 155°C and after storage at 107°C for 408 hours TA was 155°C. The pressure exponent was 0.35.
Example 5
A composition was prepared in accordance with the following formula where the percentage applies to percentage by weight:
30 % GuNCβ
30 % NTO
30 % KNO3
10% Zr
Auto-ignition temperature TA was 169°C and after storage at 107°C for 408 hours TA was 170°C.
Example 6
A composition was prepared in accordance with the following formula where the percentage applies to percentage by weight:
35% GuNCβ
35 % NTO
20% KN03
10% Zr Auto-ignition temperature TA was 165°C and after storage at 1070C for 408 hours TA was 1700C.
Example 7
A composition was prepared in accordance with the following formula where the percentage applies to percentage by weight:
35% GuN03
35 % NTO
25 % KC1O4
5% B
Auto-ignition temperature TA was 176°C and after storage at 1070C for 408 hours TA was 18O0C. The results of the examples are summarized in Table 1 below.
Claims
1. Pyrotechnic composition intended for thermal fuse to produce spontaneous ignition at a well-defined auto-ignition temperature, wherein the said device contains Guanylurea nitrate and/or Guanylurea dinitramide together with 3-nitro-l,2,4-triazol-5-one (NTO).
2. Pyrotechnic thermal fuse as claimed in Claim 1, wherein at least one of the thermal fuse components is composed of an oxidizing agent from the groups of nitrates, chlorates, perchlorates, permanganate plus oxides of transition metals in the periodic table.
3. Pyrotechnic thermal fuse as claimed in Claims 1 and 2, wherein one or more of the component consist of slag- forming substance from one of the groups in the periodic table including Boron or Zirconium.
4. Pyrotechnic thermal fuse as claimed in Claims 1-3, wherein the device includes guanylurea nitrate 0-50 percent by weight
Guanylurea dinitramide 0-50 percent by weight NTO 5-50 percent by weight Slag former 0.5-10 percent by weight Oxidizing agent 5-40 percent by weight
5. Pyrotechnic thermal fuse as claimed in Claims 1-4, wherein the device has an auto- ignition temperature between 150-18O0C.
6. Pyrotechnic thermal fuse as claimed in Claims 1-5, wherein the device includes: Guanylurea dinitramide and/or Guanylurea nitrate 35 percent by weight
NTO 40 percent by weight Boron 5 percent by weight Potassium nitrate 20 percent by weight
7. Pyrotechnic thermal fuse as claimed in Claims 1-5, wherein the device includes: Guanylurea dinitramide and/or Guanylurea nitrate 35 percent by weight
NTO 35 percent by weight Zirconium 10 percent by weight Potassium nitrate 20 percent by weight
8. Pyrotechnic composition intended for thermal fuse to produce spontaneous ignition at a well-defined auto-ignition temperature, wherein the said device contains Guanylurea nitrate and/or Guanylurea dinitramide together with hydrazine salt of 3-nitro-l,2,4-triazol-5-one (HNTO).
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| SE0501183A SE0501183L (en) | 2005-05-26 | 2005-05-26 | Pyrotechnic thermal fuse |
| PCT/SE2006/000230 WO2006126927A1 (en) | 2005-05-26 | 2006-02-22 | Pyrotechnic thermal fuse |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1885668A1 true EP1885668A1 (en) | 2008-02-13 |
| EP1885668A4 EP1885668A4 (en) | 2011-03-16 |
| EP1885668B1 EP1885668B1 (en) | 2014-06-18 |
Family
ID=36499124
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP06716920.1A Ceased EP1885668B1 (en) | 2005-05-26 | 2006-02-22 | Pyrotechnic thermal fuse |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP1885668B1 (en) |
| SE (1) | SE0501183L (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2006126927A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US8778104B1 (en) | 2008-04-22 | 2014-07-15 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Insensitive gun propellant, ammunition round assembly, armament system, and related methods |
| US8425703B1 (en) | 2010-03-24 | 2013-04-23 | The United States of Amierica as Represented by the Secretary of the Navy | Insensitive munitions primers |
Family Cites Families (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5084118A (en) | 1990-10-23 | 1992-01-28 | Automotive Systems Laboratory, Inc. | Ignition composition for inflator gas generators |
| US5380380A (en) | 1994-02-09 | 1995-01-10 | Automotive Systems Laboratory, Inc. | Ignition compositions for inflator gas generators |
| US5866842A (en) | 1996-07-18 | 1999-02-02 | Primex Technologies, Inc. | Low temperature autoigniting propellant composition |
| US6453816B2 (en) | 1996-07-20 | 2002-09-24 | Dynamit Nobel Gmbh Explosivstoff-Und Systemtechnik | Temperature fuse with lower detonation point |
| US20030145922A1 (en) * | 2002-02-04 | 2003-08-07 | Taylor Robert D. | Vehicular occupant restraint |
| DE202004009449U1 (en) * | 2004-06-15 | 2004-10-28 | Trw Airbag Systems Gmbh | Gas generating composition |
| DE202004009621U1 (en) * | 2004-06-18 | 2004-08-19 | Trw Airbag Systems Gmbh | Pyrotechnic composition |
-
2005
- 2005-05-26 SE SE0501183A patent/SE0501183L/en unknown
-
2006
- 2006-02-22 EP EP06716920.1A patent/EP1885668B1/en not_active Ceased
- 2006-02-22 WO PCT/SE2006/000230 patent/WO2006126927A1/en not_active Ceased
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| SE527743C2 (en) | 2006-05-30 |
| EP1885668B1 (en) | 2014-06-18 |
| EP1885668A4 (en) | 2011-03-16 |
| SE0501183L (en) | 2006-05-30 |
| WO2006126927A1 (en) | 2006-11-30 |
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