EP1884962B1 - Electrical resistor for heating equipment an a method for producing the same - Google Patents

Electrical resistor for heating equipment an a method for producing the same Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1884962B1
EP1884962B1 EP07103966A EP07103966A EP1884962B1 EP 1884962 B1 EP1884962 B1 EP 1884962B1 EP 07103966 A EP07103966 A EP 07103966A EP 07103966 A EP07103966 A EP 07103966A EP 1884962 B1 EP1884962 B1 EP 1884962B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
coils
electrical resistor
resistance wire
extension axis
series
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EP07103966A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1884962A1 (en
Inventor
Pierpaolo Laveni
Renzo Re
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Gamma SpA
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Gamma SpA
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01C—RESISTORS
    • H01C3/00—Non-adjustable metal resistors made of wire or ribbon, e.g. coiled, woven or formed as grids
    • H01C3/08—Dimension or characteristic of resistive element changing gradually or in discrete steps from one terminal to another
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A45—HAND OR TRAVELLING ARTICLES
    • A45D—HAIRDRESSING OR SHAVING EQUIPMENT; EQUIPMENT FOR COSMETICS OR COSMETIC TREATMENTS, e.g. FOR MANICURING OR PEDICURING
    • A45D20/00—Hair drying devices; Accessories therefor
    • A45D20/22—Helmets with hot air supply or ventilating means, e.g. electrically heated air current
    • A45D20/38—Arrangement of the electric heating means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01C—RESISTORS
    • H01C3/00—Non-adjustable metal resistors made of wire or ribbon, e.g. coiled, woven or formed as grids
    • H01C3/10—Non-adjustable metal resistors made of wire or ribbon, e.g. coiled, woven or formed as grids the resistive element having zig-zag or sinusoidal configuration
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/10—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor
    • H05B3/16—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor the conductor being mounted on an insulating base
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A45—HAND OR TRAVELLING ARTICLES
    • A45D—HAIRDRESSING OR SHAVING EQUIPMENT; EQUIPMENT FOR COSMETICS OR COSMETIC TREATMENTS, e.g. FOR MANICURING OR PEDICURING
    • A45D20/00—Hair drying devices; Accessories therefor
    • A45D20/04—Hot-air producers
    • A45D20/08—Hot-air producers heated electrically
    • A45D20/10—Hand-held drying devices, e.g. air douches
    • A45D20/12—Details thereof or accessories therefor, e.g. nozzles, stands

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an electrical resistor (also referred to as "heating element") to be used in hairdriers; the main function of which is to heat an air mass.
  • an electrical resistor also referred to as "heating element”
  • the present invention also relates to a method of making an electrical resistor for hairdryers.
  • this structure of known type of construction does not enable distribution of the thermal power transferred to the air on the body of the heating element (or resistor) to be controlled, in an optimal way.
  • winding of the point with a smaller radius of curvature affects construction of the winding of the whole resistor, which on the sections having a greater radius of curvature, will give rise to a number of waves per turn smaller than the maximum possible one.
  • the present invention as defined by the independent claims aims at conceiving an electrical resistor or heating element for air-heating apparatus that is able to overcome the performance limits discussed above.
  • the present invention also aims at making an electrical resistor offering the possibility of locally controlling the quality and amount of the heat-exchange processes between the resistance wire and the air impinging on it.
  • the electrical resistor according to the present invention substantially comprises at least one resistance wire 2 defining a predetermined number of coils 3 fitted along an extension axis 3a.
  • this resistance wire 2 is shaped according to at least one predetermined wave form (and can therefore comprise sinusoidal and/or zigzag and/or square wave undulations and more generally undulations of any form).
  • At least one insulating support 4 is present which supports coils 3 and extends along the extension axis 3a.
  • the wave form or forms visible on the resistance wire 2 present an undulation density D (i.e. a given number of undulations per unit length and/or width of angular arc) varying along the wire 2 itself.
  • D undulation density
  • the possibility of varying the undulation density involves the possibility of having a localised dispersion power of the thermal energy of greater or lesser degree; in this way therefore optimisation of the operating parameters of the electrical resistor is possible.
  • the undulation density D varies as a function of a linear coordinate along the extension axis 3a.
  • the undulation density D also varies as a function of an angular coordinate around said extension axis 3a, and may also vary as a function of the width of the angular arc and/or the radius of curvature of a coil 3 and/or an assembly of coils 3.
  • the first coils i.e. those in the first section of axis 3a and which are impinged on by fresh air
  • the coils that are the closest to the end of axis 3a have a lower undulation density (because the air impinging on them has already been heated and therefore less heat supply is required).
  • the undulation density D it is possible for the undulation density D to decrease in coils 3 and/or coil assemblies 3 as they are in a more forward position along the extension axis 3a.
  • the undulation density D can increase in the coils 3 or coil 3 assemblies as they are in a more forward position along the extension axis 3a; for instance, this increase in the undulation density can take place in those resistors the diameter of which increases along axis 3a.
  • the undulation density D may be variable also locally (i.e. on coil portions as well) at or close to bodies connected with resistor 1; these bodies (that typically in a air-heating device can be electric cables and/or elements for securing the electrical resistor 1 to a machine body and/or fastening elements of an electric motor) in fact constitute disturbance/flow resistance elements for the air flow and therefore the present invention advantageously enables the undulation density to be locally modified so as to avoid creation of overheating phenomena at said bodies.
  • the undulation density D can be locally varied also at other types of different electric/mechanical components inserted into the body of the heating apparatus, such as ionising devices, thermostats and others.
  • the resistance wire 2 can have undulations of different geometric conformations; in particular, apart from the shape of these undulations, variation in the geometric conformations can take place depending on a linear coordinate along the extension axis 3a and/or as a function of a radial coordinate around the extension axis 3a and/or as a function of the width of the angular arc and/or the radius of curvature of a coil.
  • the coaxial condition (or in other words, the condition of coincidence of the axes of the heating bodies) is not essential; depending on current requirements, it is therefore possible to make an electrical resistor in which the resistance wire or wires form at least two heating bodies (that can be of cylindrical shape or of any other shape) fitted into each other.
  • heating resistors of the "coaxial" type are wished to be made (or in any case resistors in which two or more heating bodies fitted within each other are defined, which however have misaligned and/or parallel axes) it is therefore suitable for support 4 to be shaped in such a manner that the "heating bodies" formed by the different coil series can be positioned and carried thereon.
  • support 4 can therefore comprise two (or more) under-supports 4a and 4b, each of which carries a series of coils 3.
  • one series of coils (preferably the innermost one) can be advantageously provided to act as under-support for the other series of coils and/or for the support of the last-mentioned series; in this manner an important reduction in costs and in the construction complexity of the finished product can be achieved.
  • the method of the invention comprises a step of varying the undulation density D as a function of a linear coordinate along the extension axis 3a and as a function of a radial coordinate around the extension axis 3a Furthermore, the undulation density D may vary as a function of the width of the angular arc and/or the radius of curvature of a coil.
  • this step of varying the undulation density D is carried out through variation of a winding tension; in fact, through variation of the winding tension it is possible to modify the undulations making them longer or shorter; in this way, more or less undulations can be obtained in a given section of wire, the length of the processed wire being the same.
  • the method involves changing of the number of waves upon changing of the radius of curvature, or more generally it will be recognised that the number of waves can vary along the winding coils.
  • the present invention as defined by the independent claims relates to an electrical resistor for hairdriers with a wave-shaped resistance wire (that depending on the method of shaping the resistance wire can also take equivalent names such as zigzag-wire resistor, sinusoidal or undulated-wire resistor, resistor having the shape of a Greek fret or particular geometric shapes, etc.) and which is made from one or more wires wound up into coils aligned on an insulating support;
  • This electrical resistor is of such a nature that the number of waves per coil is not constant along the whole winding as defined by the independent claims.
  • the invention enables achievement of important advantages.
  • the new and original structural architecture of the electrical resistor (obtained through application of variations in the undulation density during construction) enables an almost full control of the spatial re-distribution of the thermal power transferred to the air, thus ensuring benefits in terms of construction, performance and yield.
  • the electric power supplied to the resistor can be increased by introducing a greater number of waves (or, in other words, by increasing the undulation density) where the geometric conditions allow it.
  • a construction benefit is also achieved because a greater structural sturdiness of the winding is ensured, which is obtained by varying the wave number (and consequently the winding tension) in a localised manner, based on the requirements dictated by the elasticity of the shaped resistance wire.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Resistance Heating (AREA)
  • Apparatuses And Processes For Manufacturing Resistors (AREA)
  • Surface Heating Bodies (AREA)
  • Cosmetics (AREA)

Abstract

An electrical resistor for heating apparatus comprises a least one resistance wire that is shaped according to at least one wave form and defines coils fitted along an extension axis, and at least one insulating support adapted tc carry the coils and extending along the extension axis; the electrical resistor is of such a nature that the wave form defines a varying undulation density.

Description

  • The present invention relates to an electrical resistor (also referred to as "heating element") to be used in hairdriers; the main function of which is to heat an air mass.
  • The present invention also relates to a method of making an electrical resistor for hairdryers.
  • It is known that currently electrical resistors used in hairdryers are made of one or more wave-shaped resistance wires which are wound up into aligned coils on an insulating support, whereby the wave form exhibits an undulation density which varies along said at least one resistance wire, as shown in document EP 1418794 and in document EP 0 038 414 , and in document EP 0 293 997 .
  • While the described known art has been adopted for many years and with many improving variations, it however still has some drawbacks.
  • In fact, this structure of known type of construction does not enable distribution of the thermal power transferred to the air on the body of the heating element (or resistor) to be controlled, in an optimal way.
  • In addition, during operation of the heating apparatus the air flow impinges on the resistor longitudinally and therefore the first windings are impinged on by fresh air, while the subsequent ones are covered by the first ones and are therefore partly impinged on by already heated air; this involves a more reduced efficiency in terms of heat exchange, or in any case involves the requirement of decreasing the overall electric power transferred to the resistor, since the coils that are surrounded by hot air have to work in worse conditions as they are more subjected to burning or melting phenomena.
  • In addition, in the case of heating elements having a conical extension (or where the radii of the winding coils are variable), winding of the point with a smaller radius of curvature affects construction of the winding of the whole resistor, which on the sections having a greater radius of curvature, will give rise to a number of waves per turn smaller than the maximum possible one.
  • The above results in a non-optimal construction of the resistor that cannot be optimised in the different regions thereof.
  • It may also happen that due to the presence of cables, fastening elements of the motor, and all other things that are present in a heating apparatus, the air flow is thereby obstructed/affected and regions of the electrical resistor that are only partly impinged on by the air flow are defined; these regions tend to become overheated.
  • Therefore, the present invention as defined by the independent claims aims at conceiving an electrical resistor or heating element for air-heating apparatus that is able to overcome the performance limits discussed above.
  • In particular, it is an aim of the present invention to conceive an electrical resistor that can be constructed in such a manner as to improve heat exchange with air.
  • The present invention also aims at making an electrical resistor offering the possibility of locally controlling the quality and amount of the heat-exchange processes between the resistance wire and the air impinging on it.
  • It is a further aim of the present invention to conceive an electrical resistor or heating element that can be shaped in several different ways, by a simple and quick production method (which can be also implemented on machinery of known type).
  • The foregoing and further aims are achieved by an electrical resistor in accordance with the present invention having the features disclosed in the independent claims and hereinafter illustrated in one embodiment thereof given by way of non limiting example.
    • Fig. 1 shows a perspective view of a resistor;
    • Fig. 2 shows a front view of the resistor seen in Fig. 1;
    • Fig. 3 is a perspective view of another resistor;
    • fig. 4 shows a front view of the resistor in Fig. 3;
    • Fig. 5 is a perspective view of a third resistor;
    • Fig. 6 is a front view of the resistor seen in Fig. 5;
    • Fig. 7 shows a perspective view of a fourth resistor;
    • Fig. 8 is a front view of the resistor seen in Fig. 7;
    • Fig. 9 is a perspective view of an embodiment of the invention;
    • Fig. 10 shows a front view of the embodiment seen in Fig. 9; and
    • Fig. 11 is a front view of a fifth resistor.
  • The electrical resistor according to the present invention substantially comprises at least one resistance wire 2 defining a predetermined number of coils 3 fitted along an extension axis 3a.
  • Conveniently this resistance wire 2 is shaped according to at least one predetermined wave form (and can therefore comprise sinusoidal and/or zigzag and/or square wave undulations and more generally undulations of any form).
  • At least one insulating support 4 is present which supports coils 3 and extends along the extension axis 3a.
  • The wave form or forms visible on the resistance wire 2 present an undulation density D (i.e. a given number of undulations per unit length and/or width of angular arc) varying along the wire 2 itself.
  • The possibility of varying the undulation density involves the possibility of having a localised dispersion power of the thermal energy of greater or lesser degree; in this way therefore optimisation of the operating parameters of the electrical resistor is possible.
  • The undulation density D varies as a function of a linear coordinate along the extension axis 3a.
  • The undulation density D also varies as a function of an angular coordinate around said extension axis 3a, and may also vary as a function of the width of the angular arc and/or the radius of curvature of a coil 3 and/or an assembly of coils 3.
  • It is advantageously possible to provide a construction architecture of the electrical resistor of such a nature that the first coils (i.e. those in the first section of axis 3a and which are impinged on by fresh air) have a greater undulation density, while the coils that are the closest to the end of axis 3a have a lower undulation density (because the air impinging on them has already been heated and therefore less heat supply is required). In other words, it is possible for the undulation density D to decrease in coils 3 and/or coil assemblies 3 as they are in a more forward position along the extension axis 3a.
  • At all events, depending on current requirements, it is also possible for the undulation density D to increase in the coils 3 or coil 3 assemblies as they are in a more forward position along the extension axis 3a; for instance, this increase in the undulation density can take place in those resistors the diameter of which increases along axis 3a.
  • The undulation density D may be variable also locally (i.e. on coil portions as well) at or close to bodies connected with resistor 1; these bodies (that typically in a air-heating device can be electric cables and/or elements for securing the electrical resistor 1 to a machine body and/or fastening elements of an electric motor) in fact constitute disturbance/flow resistance elements for the air flow and therefore the present invention advantageously enables the undulation density to be locally modified so as to avoid creation of overheating phenomena at said bodies.
  • The undulation density D can be locally varied also at other types of different electric/mechanical components inserted into the body of the heating apparatus, such as ionising devices, thermostats and others.
  • According to a further embodiment of the present invention, the resistance wire 2 can have undulations of different geometric conformations; in particular, apart from the shape of these undulations, variation in the geometric conformations can take place depending on a linear coordinate along the extension axis 3a and/or as a function of a radial coordinate around the extension axis 3a and/or as a function of the width of the angular arc and/or the radius of curvature of a coil.
  • On the other hand, as regards support 4 and/or the general structure of the electrical resistor, this can be made following any arrangement; for instance, if in Figs. 1 to 10 examples of resistors defining a single "cylindrical heating body" can be seen, in Fig. 1 a socalled "coaxial resistor" is shown in which the resistance wire or wires form two heating bodies one of which is fitted in the other.
  • Conveniently, the coaxial condition (or in other words, the condition of coincidence of the axes of the heating bodies) is not essential; depending on current requirements, it is therefore possible to make an electrical resistor in which the resistance wire or wires form at least two heating bodies (that can be of cylindrical shape or of any other shape) fitted into each other.
  • If heating resistors of the "coaxial" type are wished to be made (or in any case resistors in which two or more heating bodies fitted within each other are defined, which however have misaligned and/or parallel axes) it is therefore suitable for support 4 to be shaped in such a manner that the "heating bodies" formed by the different coil series can be positioned and carried thereon.
  • Based on current requirements, support 4 can therefore comprise two (or more) under- supports 4a and 4b, each of which carries a series of coils 3.
  • In addition, one series of coils (preferably the innermost one) can be advantageously provided to act as under-support for the other series of coils and/or for the support of the last-mentioned series; in this manner an important reduction in costs and in the construction complexity of the finished product can be achieved.
  • It is also an aim of the present invention to provide a method of making an electrical resistor which is substantially implemented by arranging at least one insulating support 4 (preferably of electrical insulating material and extending along an extension axis 3a) and subsequently arranging a given number of coils 3 having at least one undulation density D on the insulating support 4 itself.
  • Arrangement of the coils takes place by tensioning and rolling up of a resistance wire 2, also taking advantage of the use of specialised machinery of known type.
  • The method of the invention comprises a step of varying the undulation density D as a function of a linear coordinate along the extension axis 3a and as a function of a radial coordinate around the extension axis 3a Furthermore, the undulation density D may vary as a function of the width of the angular arc and/or the radius of curvature of a coil.
  • In terms of execution, this step of varying the undulation density D is carried out through variation of a winding tension; in fact, through variation of the winding tension it is possible to modify the undulations making them longer or shorter; in this way, more or less undulations can be obtained in a given section of wire, the length of the processed wire being the same.
  • With reference to the illustrations, the method involves changing of the number of waves upon changing of the radius of curvature, or more generally it will be recognised that the number of waves can vary along the winding coils.
  • Still with reference to the drawings, it is possible to see that the variation is localised at one sector or yet that the variation is localised at one region of the electrical resistor 1.
  • The present invention as defined by the independent claims relates to an electrical resistor for hairdriers with a wave-shaped resistance wire (that depending on the method of shaping the resistance wire can also take equivalent names such as zigzag-wire resistor, sinusoidal or undulated-wire resistor, resistor having the shape of a Greek fret or particular geometric shapes, etc.) and which is made from one or more wires wound up into coils aligned on an insulating support; This electrical resistor is of such a nature that the number of waves per coil is not constant along the whole winding as defined by the independent claims.
  • The invention enables achievement of important advantages.
  • First of all, it will be appreciated that the new and original structural architecture of the electrical resistor (obtained through application of variations in the undulation density during construction) enables an almost full control of the spatial re-distribution of the thermal power transferred to the air, thus ensuring benefits in terms of construction, performance and yield.
  • At the same time, by virtue of the present invention the electric power supplied to the resistor can be increased by introducing a greater number of waves (or, in other words, by increasing the undulation density) where the geometric conditions allow it.
  • A construction benefit is also achieved because a greater structural sturdiness of the winding is ensured, which is obtained by varying the wave number (and consequently the winding tension) in a localised manner, based on the requirements dictated by the elasticity of the shaped resistance wire.

Claims (9)

  1. An electrical resistor for hairdryers, comprising:
    - at least one resistance wire (2) defining a predetermined number of coils (3) fitted along an extension axis (3a), said at least one resistance wire (2) being shaped according to at least one predetermined wave form; and
    - at least one insulating support (4) carrying said coils (3) and extending along said extension axis (3a);
    - said at least one wave form exhibiting an undulation density (D) which varies along said at least one resistance wire;
    characterised in that said undulation density (D) varies as a function of a linear coordinate along said extension axis (3a) and of an angular coordinate around said extension axis (3a).
  2. An electrical resistor as claimed in claim 1, characterised in that the undulation density (D) varies as a function of a width of an angular arc and/or a radius of curvature of a coil (3).
  3. An electrical resistor as claimed in claim 1, characterised in that the undulation density (D) decreases or increases in the coils (3) along the extension axis (3a).
  4. An electrical resistor as claimed in anyone of the preceding claims, characterised in that the undulation density (D) varies at or close to bodies connected with the resistor (1), said bodies preferably being electric cables and/or elements for securing the electrical resistor 1 to a machine body and/or fastening elements of an electric motor.
  5. An electrical resistor as claimed in anyone of the preceding claims, characterised in that the resistance wire (2) has undulations having different wave form.
  6. An electrical resistor as claimed in anyone of the preceding claims, characterised in that said at least one resistance wire (2) defines at least two series of coils (3), one being fitted into the other, said at least two series of coils (3) preferably being concentric and/or coaxial relative to each other, said at least two series of coils (3) more preferably forming two preferably cylindrical heating bodies.
  7. An electrical resistor as claimed in claim 6, characterised in that the support (4) comprises at least two under-supports (4a, 4b), each of which carries one series of coils (3).
  8. An electrical resistor as claimed in claim 6 or 7, characterised in that one series of coils (3), and preferably one innermost series of coils, acts as an under-support (4a) for the other series of coils (3) and/or for the support (4b) of the last-mentioned series.
  9. A method of making an electrical resistor for hairdryers according to anyone of the preceding claims, comprising the following steps:
    - providing at least one insulating support (4) extending along an extension axis (3a);
    - providing a resistance wire being shaped according to at least one predetermined wave form;
    - winding a predetermined number of coils (3) of the resistance wire along said extension axis on said insulating support by tensioning and rolling up said resistance wire,
    characterised in that an undulation density (D) of said resistance wire is varied as a function of a linear coordinate along said extension axis (3a) and as a function of a radial coordinate around said extension axis (3a) by varying a winding tension.
EP07103966A 2006-08-04 2007-03-12 Electrical resistor for heating equipment an a method for producing the same Active EP1884962B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IT000034A ITPC20060034A1 (en) 2006-08-04 2006-08-04 NEW ELECTRIC STRENGTH WITH SPATIAL REDISTRIBUTION OF POWER FOR HAIR DRYERS AND SIMILAR APPLIANCES

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1884962A1 EP1884962A1 (en) 2008-02-06
EP1884962B1 true EP1884962B1 (en) 2010-04-28

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EP07103966A Active EP1884962B1 (en) 2006-08-04 2007-03-12 Electrical resistor for heating equipment an a method for producing the same

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1884962B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE466368T1 (en)
DE (1) DE602007006111D1 (en)
IT (1) ITPC20060034A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102017102019A1 (en) * 2017-02-02 2018-08-02 Vishay Electronic Gmbh power resistor
EP3424363A1 (en) * 2017-07-06 2019-01-09 Action Technology Indústria E Comércio De Eletroeletrônicos Ltda Resistive element applied to heating equipment
WO2020016696A1 (en) * 2018-07-18 2020-01-23 Gamma S.P.A. Air heating device for a hairdryer, blowing device for a hairdryer, and hairdryer comprising said devices

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3014935A1 (en) * 1980-04-18 1981-10-22 Braun Ag, 6000 Frankfurt ELECTRIC WIRE HEATING ELEMENT
IT1204682B (en) * 1987-06-04 1989-03-10 Gamma Spa ELECTRIC RESISTANCE FOR AXIAL FLOW FAN, CARRIED OUT WITH WAVE SHAPED RESISTIVE WIRE
DE20217309U1 (en) * 2002-11-09 2003-01-30 Eichenauer Heizelemente GmbH & Co. KG, 76870 Kandel Radiators for gaseous media

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DE602007006111D1 (en) 2010-06-10
ATE466368T1 (en) 2010-05-15
EP1884962A1 (en) 2008-02-06
ITPC20060034A1 (en) 2008-02-05

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