EP1882176A1 - Nano-labeling - Google Patents

Nano-labeling

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Publication number
EP1882176A1
EP1882176A1 EP06742348A EP06742348A EP1882176A1 EP 1882176 A1 EP1882176 A1 EP 1882176A1 EP 06742348 A EP06742348 A EP 06742348A EP 06742348 A EP06742348 A EP 06742348A EP 1882176 A1 EP1882176 A1 EP 1882176A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
product
marking substance
clearly
marked
substances
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
EP06742348A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Hans-Achim Brand
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Individual
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Individual
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Publication date
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Publication of EP1882176A1 publication Critical patent/EP1882176A1/en
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
    • G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
    • G01N21/31—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry
    • G01N21/3103—Atomic absorption analysis
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
    • B41M3/00—Printing processes to produce particular kinds of printed work, e.g. patterns
    • B41M3/14—Security printing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
    • B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
    • B82Y30/00—Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/62—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
    • G01N21/71—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light thermally excited
    • G01N21/74—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light thermally excited using flameless atomising, e.g. graphite furnaces
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09F—DISPLAYING; ADVERTISING; SIGNS; LABELS OR NAME-PLATES; SEALS
    • G09F3/00—Labels, tag tickets, or similar identification or indication means; Seals; Postage or like stamps
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J49/00—Particle spectrometers or separator tubes
    • H01J49/26—Mass spectrometers or separator tubes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
    • B41M3/00—Printing processes to produce particular kinds of printed work, e.g. patterns
    • B41M3/14—Security printing
    • B41M3/144—Security printing using fluorescent, luminescent or iridescent effects
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/249921—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for protecting a product against counterfeiting and a product produced by this method.
  • a common method of protecting a product against counterfeiting is the application of a mark on the product.
  • a mark on the product For this purpose, a variety of ways are known how a trademark can be connected as insoluble as possible with the product. Such characters are printed, sewn or connected as flags during sewing with the product. Frequently counterfeit products are, in particular, items of clothing. The production of cheaper copies, however, extends beyond the jewelry industry to machines and bulk goods, food etc.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object to develop a method for protecting a product against counterfeiting, which is easy to use even in the production of large quantities of product and even longer time after the mark still allows the distinction of original and plagiarism.
  • This problem is solved by a procedure in which the product is labeled with a marking substance that can be clearly and unequivocally detected by suitable analytical methods.
  • the invention is thus based on the finding that it is possible to provide on or in the product labeling substances which, without damaging the product, are as far as possible associated with the product over the entire duration of the distribution channel and thus easily detectable via random checks are.
  • the manufacturer can thus determine whether the product is an original product, so not even for counterfeiting warranty claims must be given.
  • the product is preferably doped in the context of its production process in the sense of a physical mixture. This shows that even the smallest amounts of a marking substance can be mixed into the product or parts of the product in order to distinguish original products from plagiarisms by means of such a doping.
  • the nanoparticles with a diameter smaller than 50 nanometers exhibit. Although such small nanoparticles allow a simple detection, but they do not change the product properties.
  • the product has a rare earth, optionally their oxides or salts or mixed oxides or complex salts, which among other elements also contain rare earths.
  • lanthanides in particular, have proved to be commercially available on the one hand and on the other hand as only trace amounts in the chemical or technical raw materials to be marked, and thus have proven suitable for the purpose discussed. Due to the phenomenon of lanthanoid contraction, mixed crystals or else lattice-doped crystal lattices can be produced in order to obtain a wide variety of marking substances.
  • the product isopotene, which does not occur in nature or only in traces, optionally their oxides or salts, but also mixed oxides or complex salts, which among other elements contain these isotopes. It is proposed in particular that the product does not have radioactive isotopes. In principle, actinides or other rare earths are also suitable as labeling substances, although the isotopes of the actinides may be problematical due to their radioactivity.
  • a suitable analytical method is a method by which the described labeling substances can be clearly and unequivocally demonstrated.
  • the nanoparticles mentioned can be clearly and unambiguously detected by means of mass spectroscopy and / or atomic adsorption spectroscopy (AAS), in particular also by means of ICP-MS or other plasma methods.
  • AAS atomic adsorption spectroscopy
  • ICP-MS atomic adsorption spectroscopy
  • a significant advantage of the listed labeling substances is their general indifference to various application media.
  • the marker substance is present in the material to be marked, for example in traces of from 1 to 10 ppm, via a masterbatch or a dispersion or another dosage form compatible with the application medium into the raw material from which the sale product or a part thereof is made Material without affecting its properties.
  • the substances also have very high fastness properties. Its high temperature resistance meets the highest requirements and allows, for example, use in PVC or polyolefins. They are usually UV-stable and can thus z.
  • An embodiment of the method provides that the substance of which the product is composed is marked in its entirety.
  • a paper web can be marked in its entirety. This is similar for paints, coatings, coatings, plastics or bulk materials.
  • the Markierangsmethode is especially suitable for textile fibers or oils. In the case of all these substances, the lowest levels of a marking substance are sufficient to modify the raw materials in such a way that the origin of the raw material can later be detected on the finished product.
  • a part of a product will be marked in its entirety.
  • a special component of a watch, a piece of jewelry or an electronic component can be marked in order to recognize a counterfeit on the overall product.
  • the methods are also suitable for objects of metallic character and textiles.
  • the object underlying the invention is also achieved by producing a product, in particular according to one of the preceding methods, which is labeled with a marking substance which can be clearly and unequivocally detected by suitable analytical methods.
  • the labeling substance is preferably present in traces of 0.1 to 100, more preferably between 1 and 10 ppm in the material to be labeled.
  • the marking substance in combination has several substances that can be clearly and unequivocally detected by suitable analysis methods.
  • the marker substance has a mixture of several of these substances in certain defined proportions.
  • One embodiment provides that with the aid of a nonyl phenoletoxilate in glycol, a 0.2% homogeneous dispersion of ytterbium / erbium-1: 1 mixed phosphate nanoparticles with the aid of a dispersing or mixing unit, eg a dissolver is produced.
  • This 0.2% dispersion of the marking substance becomes a coating, For example, a wood preservation glaze, added at 0.2%, so that the glaze ultimately contains 4 ppm of the marking substance. That is, 1 gram of the coating contains 1.3 ⁇ g each of ytterbium and erbium.
  • the two cited lantanoides can be determined by mass spectroscopy and / or atomic adsorption spectroscopy (AAS), in particular by ICP- MS or other plasma method, clearly and unambiguously demonstrate.
  • AAS atomic adsorption spectroscopy
  • the detection limit for ytterbium and erbium is approx. 0.1 ⁇ g / l in the graphite furnace.

Abstract

The aim of the invention is to protect a product from counterfeiting. For this purpose, the product is labeled with a labeling substance that can be unambiguously and unequivocally detected by suitable methods of analysis.

Description

Nanomarkierung Nano mark
[01] Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Schutz eines Produktes gegen Nachahmung und ein nach diesem Verfahren hergestelltes Produkt.[01] The invention relates to a method for protecting a product against counterfeiting and a product produced by this method.
[02] Ein übliches Verfahren zum Schutz eines Produktes gegen Nachah- mung ist das Aufbringen einer Marke auf dem Produkt. Hierzu sind verschiedenste Arten bekannt, wie ein Markenzeichen möglichst unlösbar mit dem Produkt verbunden werden kann. Derartige Zeichen werden aufgedruckt, aufgenäht oder als Fahnen beim Nähvorgang mit dem Produkt verbunden. Häufig nachgemachte Produkte sind insbesondere Kleidungs stü- cke. Die Herstellung billigerer Kopien erstreckt sich jedoch über die Schmuckindustrie bis hin zu Maschinen und Schüttgütern, Lebensmittel etc.[02] A common method of protecting a product against counterfeiting is the application of a mark on the product. For this purpose, a variety of ways are known how a trademark can be connected as insoluble as possible with the product. Such characters are printed, sewn or connected as flags during sewing with the product. Frequently counterfeit products are, in particular, items of clothing. The production of cheaper copies, however, extends beyond the jewelry industry to machines and bulk goods, food etc.
[03] Die Plagiate sind häufig so gut kopiert, dass es immer schwieriger wird, das Original vom Plagiat zu unterscheiden.[03] The plagiarism is often copied so well that it is becoming increasingly difficult to distinguish the original from plagiarism.
[04] Der Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren zum Schutz eines Produktes gegen Nachahmung zu entwickeln, das auch bei der Herstellung großer Produktmengen einfach einsetzbar ist und auch längere Zeit nach der Markierung noch die Unterscheidung von Original und Plagiat ermöglicht. [05] Diese Aufgabe wird mit einem Verfahren gelöst, bei dem das Produkt mit einer Markierungssubstanz markiert wird, die mit geeigneten A- nalysemethoden eindeutig und zweifelsfrei nachzuweisen ist.The invention is therefore based on the object to develop a method for protecting a product against counterfeiting, which is easy to use even in the production of large quantities of product and even longer time after the mark still allows the distinction of original and plagiarism. [05] This problem is solved by a procedure in which the product is labeled with a marking substance that can be clearly and unequivocally detected by suitable analytical methods.
[06] Der Erfindung liegt somit die Erkenntnis zugrunde, dass es möglich ist, am oder im Produkt Markierungssubstanzen vorzusehen, die, ohne das Produkt zu schädigen, möglichst über die gesamte Dauer des Vertriebsweges mit dem Produkt in Verbindung stehen und somit über Stichprobenkontrollen leicht nachweisbar sind.[06] The invention is thus based on the finding that it is possible to provide on or in the product labeling substances which, without damaging the product, are as far as possible associated with the product over the entire duration of the distribution channel and thus easily detectable via random checks are.
[07] Während bisher für den Nachweis einer Nachahmung der Vertriebs- weg nachvollzogen werden musste, reicht es nun aus, alle Originalprodukte zu markieren, so dass die nicht markierten Produkte zweifelsfrei als Plagiate erkenntlich sind.[07] Whereas until now proof of an imitation had to be used to trace the distribution route, it is now sufficient to mark all original products so that the unmarked products can be clearly identified as plagiarism.
[08] Da die Art der Markierungssubstanz, deren Konzentration und deren Anbringungsort in der Regel geheim bleiben, wird der Plagiator, der in der Regel keine Kenntnis über die spezielle Markierung hat, unmarkierte Produkte in den Markt bringen. Derartige Plagiate können zunächst unbehindert vertrieben werden. Sofern jedoch ein Verdacht auf eine Fälschung besteht, wird ein Produkt einer Analyse unterzogen, um festzustellen, ob es markiert worden ist und ob die Markierung der speziellen Art der Origi- nalmarkierung entspricht.[08] Since the nature of the marker, its concentration and its location are usually kept secret, the plagiarist, who usually has no knowledge of the particular marker, will launch unlabelled products on the market. Such plagiarism can initially be freely distributed. However, if there is a suspicion of forgery, a product is analyzed to see if it has been marked and if the mark corresponds to the specific type of original mark.
[09] Obwohl die Kosten einer Analyse in der Regel die Kosten des markierten Produktes übersteigen werden, ist das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren von hoher marktwirtschaftlicher Relevanz, da nur bei berechtigtem Zweifel an der Echtheit stichprobenartig Analysen vorgenommen werden. Üblicherweise ist die gesamte Produktcharge gefälscht, wenn nur ein gefälschtes Produkt in der Charge festgestellt wird.[09] Although the cost of an analysis will usually exceed the cost of the labeled product, the method of the invention is of high relevance to the market economy, since analyzes are carried out on a random basis only with justified doubts about the authenticity. Usually, the entire batch of product is counterfeited if only one counterfeit product is detected in the batch.
[10] Insbesondere bei Reklamations- und Gewährleistungsfällen kann der Hersteller somit feststellen, ob das Produkt ein Originalprodukt ist, damit nicht sogar für Fälschungen Gewährleistungsansprüchen nachgegeben werden muss.Especially in cases of complaints and warranty, the manufacturer can thus determine whether the product is an original product, so not even for counterfeiting warranty claims must be given.
[11] Im Zusammenhang mit der Erfindung meint "eindeutig und zweifels- frei", dass bei Wahl der jeweils geeigneten Analysemethode z.B. ein Gutachter nach Auswertung des Analyseergebnisses eine Aussage darüber treffen kann, ob das Verkaufsprodukt oder ein sonstiges gewerbliches Gut mit einer bestimmten, eindeutig definierbaren, Markierungssubstanz versehen wurde.[11] In the context of the invention, "unambiguously and unequivocally" means that when the appropriate analysis method is selected, e.g. An appraiser, after evaluating the analysis result, can make a statement as to whether the sales product or another commercial good has been provided with a specific, clearly definable, marking substance.
[12] Vorzugsweise wird das Produkt im Sinne einer physikalischen Mischung im Rahmen seines Herstellungsprozesses dotiert. Dies zeigt, dass bereits geringste Mengen einer Markierungssubstanz zum Produkt oder zu Teilen des Produktes gemischt werden können, um durch eine derartige Dotierung Originalware von Plagiaten zu unterscheiden.[12] The product is preferably doped in the context of its production process in the sense of a physical mixture. This shows that even the smallest amounts of a marking substance can be mixed into the product or parts of the product in order to distinguish original products from plagiarisms by means of such a doping.
[13] Es hat sich herausgestellt, dass vorzugsweise Produkte hergestellt werden, die Nanoteilchen mit einem Durchmesser kleiner 50 Nanometer aufweisen. Gerade derart kleine Nanoteilchen erlauben zwar einen einfachen Nachweis, sie verändern jedoch die Produkteigenschaften nicht.It has been found that preferably products are made, the nanoparticles with a diameter smaller than 50 nanometers exhibit. Although such small nanoparticles allow a simple detection, but they do not change the product properties.
[14] Versuche haben gezeigt, dass es vorteilhaft ist, wenn das Produkt eine seltene Erde, wahlweise deren Oxyde oder Salze oder Mischoxyde oder komplexe Salze, welche neben anderen Elementen auch Seltene Erden enthalten, aufweist. Aus der Gruppe der seltenen Erden haben sich insbesondere Lanthanoide einerseits als wirtschaftlich zugänglich und andererseits als nur in Spuren in den zu markierenden chemischen oder technischen Grundstoffen vorkommend und damit für den diskutierten Zweck als geeignet erwiesen. Aufgrund des Phänomens der Lanthanoidenkontrak- tion können Mischkristalle oder auch mit Fremdionen dotierte Kristallgitter hergestellt werden, um eine breite Variation an Markierungssubstanzen zu erhalten.[14] Experiments have shown that it is advantageous if the product has a rare earth, optionally their oxides or salts or mixed oxides or complex salts, which among other elements also contain rare earths. From the group of rare earths, lanthanides, in particular, have proved to be commercially available on the one hand and on the other hand as only trace amounts in the chemical or technical raw materials to be marked, and thus have proven suitable for the purpose discussed. Due to the phenomenon of lanthanoid contraction, mixed crystals or else lattice-doped crystal lattices can be produced in order to obtain a wide variety of marking substances.
[15] Alternativ oder kumulativ wird vorgeschlagen, dass das Produkt Iso- topen, welche in der Natur nicht oder nur in Spuren vorkommen, wahlweise deren Oxyde oder Salze, aber auch Mischoxyde oder komplexe Salze, welche neben anderen Elementen diese Isotope enthalten, aufweist. Hierbei wird insbesondere vorgeschlagen, dass das Produkt nicht radioaktive Isotopen aufweist. Prinzipiell sind auch Actinoide oder andere seltene Er- den als Markierungssubstanzen geeignet, wobei die Isotopen der Actinoide aufgrund ihrer Radioaktivität jedoch problematisch sein können.[15] Alternatively or cumulatively, it is suggested that the product isopotene, which does not occur in nature or only in traces, optionally their oxides or salts, but also mixed oxides or complex salts, which among other elements contain these isotopes. It is proposed in particular that the product does not have radioactive isotopes. In principle, actinides or other rare earths are also suitable as labeling substances, although the isotopes of the actinides may be problematical due to their radioactivity.
[16] Eine geeignete Analysenmethode ist eine Methode, mit der die beschriebenen Markierungssubstanzen eindeutig und zweifelsfrei nachgewie- sen werden können. Beispielsweise können die genannten Nanoteilchen mit Hilfe der Massenspektroskopie und/oder der Atomadsorptionsspektroskopie (AAS), insbesondere auch mittels ICP-MS oder anderer Plasmaverfahren, eindeutig und zweifelsfrei nachgewiesen werden. Konkret ist es möglich, z.B. Vanadate oder Phospate natürlich nicht oder nur in Spuren vorkommender Isotope oder Seltener Erden mit Hilfe von ICP-MS in einer Auflösung von 1 in 1 Millionen, z.B. ein Nanogramm in einem Gramm eines Verkaufsproduktes oder sonstigen gewerblichen Gutes, eindeutig und zweifelsfrei nachzuweisen.[16] A suitable analytical method is a method by which the described labeling substances can be clearly and unequivocally demonstrated. can be. For example, the nanoparticles mentioned can be clearly and unambiguously detected by means of mass spectroscopy and / or atomic adsorption spectroscopy (AAS), in particular also by means of ICP-MS or other plasma methods. Specifically, it is possible, for example, vanadate or phosphate, of course, or only in traces of occurring isotopes or rare earths with the help of ICP-MS in a resolution of 1 in 1 million, such as a nanogram in one gram of a sales product or other commercial good, clearly and prove beyond doubt.
[17] Ein wesentlicher Vorteil der aufgeführten Markierungssubstanzen ist deren allgemeine Indifferenz gegenüber diversen Anwendungsmedien. Über ein Master-B atch oder eine Dispersion oder eine andere mit dem Anwendungsmedium kompatible Darreichungsform in den Rohstoff, aus welchem das Verkaufsprodukt oder ein Teil von diesem gefertigt wird, eingebracht, liegt die Markierungssubstanz beispielsweise in Spuren von 1 bis 10 ppm in dem zu markierenden Material vor, ohne dessen Eigenschaften zu beeinflussen. Die Substanzen haben darüber hinaus sehr hohe Echtheiten. So genügt deren hohe Temperaturbeständigkeit höchsten Anforderungen und lässt z.B. einen Einsatz in PVC oder Polyolefinen zu. Sie sind in der Regel UV-stabil und können damit z. B. zur Markierung von dem Wetter ausgesetzten Beschichtungen eingesetzt werden. Die Lösemittelbeständigkeit prädestiniert sie zum Einsatz beispielsweise bei Textilien. [18] Eine Ausführungsform des Verfahrens sieht vor, dass der Stoff, aus dem das Produkt besteht, in seiner Gesamtheit markiert wird. Zum Beispiel kann eine Papierbahn in deren Gesamtheit markiert werden. Ähnlich ist dies bei Farben, Lacken, Beschichtungen, Kunststoffen oder Schüttgütern. Die Markierangsmethode eignet sich vor allem auch für Textilfasern oder Öle. Bei allen diesen Stoffen reichen geringste Gaben einer Markierungssubstanz aus, um die Grundstoffe derart zu verändern, dass später am Fertigprodukt die Herkunft des Grundstoffs nachgewiesen werden kann.[17] A significant advantage of the listed labeling substances is their general indifference to various application media. The marker substance is present in the material to be marked, for example in traces of from 1 to 10 ppm, via a masterbatch or a dispersion or another dosage form compatible with the application medium into the raw material from which the sale product or a part thereof is made Material without affecting its properties. The substances also have very high fastness properties. Its high temperature resistance meets the highest requirements and allows, for example, use in PVC or polyolefins. They are usually UV-stable and can thus z. B. used to mark weathered coatings. Solvent resistance predestines them for use, for example, in textiles. [18] An embodiment of the method provides that the substance of which the product is composed is marked in its entirety. For example, a paper web can be marked in its entirety. This is similar for paints, coatings, coatings, plastics or bulk materials. The Markierangsmethode is especially suitable for textile fibers or oils. In the case of all these substances, the lowest levels of a marking substance are sufficient to modify the raw materials in such a way that the origin of the raw material can later be detected on the finished product.
[19] Alternativ oder kumulativ ist vorgesehen, dass ein Teil eines Pro- duktes in seiner Gesamtheit markiert wird. So kann beispielsweise ein spezieller Bestandteil einer Uhr, eines Schmuckstückes oder eines elektronisches Bauteils markiert werden, um am Gesamtprodukt eine Fälschung zu erkennen. Die Verfahren eigenen sich auch für Gegenstände metallischen Charakters und Textilien. Hierzu sei beispielsweise die Waschanleitung, das Pflegeetikett an Textilien erwähnt. Durch die Analyse eines einzigen Pflegeetikettes an einer Textilie kann beispielsweise die Herkunft einer gesamten Containerlieferung bereits bei der Warenanlieferung geprüft werden.[19] Alternatively or cumulatively, it is envisaged that a part of a product will be marked in its entirety. Thus, for example, a special component of a watch, a piece of jewelry or an electronic component can be marked in order to recognize a counterfeit on the overall product. The methods are also suitable for objects of metallic character and textiles. For this purpose, for example, the washing instructions, the care label on textiles mentioned. By analyzing a single care label on a textile, for example, the origin of a complete container delivery can already be checked during the delivery of the goods.
[20] Zur Herstellung eines Master-B atches oder einer Dispersion oder einer anderen geeigneten Darreichungsform wird auf die allgemein bekannte Technologie der Dispergierung von Feststoffen, wie z.B. Füllstoffen und Pigmenten, verwiesen. Hier sollte allerdings sicher gestellt sein, dass die Markierungssubstanzen homogen verteilt und gegen Agglomeration stabilisiert werden.[20] For the preparation of a masterbatch or a dispersion or other suitable dosage form, reference is made to the well-known technology of dispersing solids, such as fillers and pigments. Here, however, should be ensured that the labeling substances are homogeneously distributed and stabilized against agglomeration.
[21] Die der Erfindung zu Grunde liegende Aufgabe wird auch dadurch gelöst, dass ein Produkt insbesondere nach einem der vorhergehenden Ver- fahren hergestellt wird, das mit einer Markierungssubstanz markiert ist, die mit geeigneten Analysemethoden eindeutig und zweifelsfrei nachzuweisen ist.[21] The object underlying the invention is also achieved by producing a product, in particular according to one of the preceding methods, which is labeled with a marking substance which can be clearly and unequivocally detected by suitable analytical methods.
[22] Bei einem derartigen Produkt liegt die Markierungssubstanz vorzugsweise in Spuren von 0,1 bis 100, besonders bevorzugt zwischen 1 und 10 ppm in dem zu markierenden Material vor.[22] In such a product, the labeling substance is preferably present in traces of 0.1 to 100, more preferably between 1 and 10 ppm in the material to be labeled.
[23] Um eine Vielzahl an Markierungsmöglichkeiten zu erschließen, wird zunächst vorgeschlagen, dass die Markierungs Substanz in Kombination mehrere Stoffe aufweist, die mit geeigneten Analysemethoden eindeutig und zweifelsfrei nachzuweisen sind.In order to develop a variety of marking options, it is first proposed that the marking substance in combination has several substances that can be clearly and unequivocally detected by suitable analysis methods.
[24] Alternativ oder kumulativ wird vorgeschlagen, dass die Markierungssubstanz eine Mischung mehrerer dieser Stoffe in bestimmten definierten Verhältnissen aufweist.[24] Alternatively or cumulatively, it is proposed that the marker substance has a mixture of several of these substances in certain defined proportions.
[25] Ein Ausführungsbeispiel sieht vor, dass mit Hilfe eines Nonyl- phenoletoxilates in Glykol eine 0,2%ige homogene Dispersion von Ytter- bium-/Erbium-l:l Mischphosphat-Nanopartikeln mit Hilfe eines Disper- gier- oder Mischaggregates, z.B. eines Dissolvers hergestellt wird. Diese 0,2%ige Dispersion der Markierungssubstanz wird einer Beschichtung, beispielsweise einer Holzschutzlasur, mit 0,2% zugesetzt, so dass die Lasierung letztendlich 4 ppm der Markierungssubstanz enthält. Das heißt, 1 Gramm der Beschichtung enthält je 1,3 μg Ytterbium und Erbium.[25] One embodiment provides that with the aid of a nonyl phenoletoxilate in glycol, a 0.2% homogeneous dispersion of ytterbium / erbium-1: 1 mixed phosphate nanoparticles with the aid of a dispersing or mixing unit, eg a dissolver is produced. This 0.2% dispersion of the marking substance becomes a coating, For example, a wood preservation glaze, added at 0.2%, so that the glaze ultimately contains 4 ppm of the marking substance. That is, 1 gram of the coating contains 1.3 μg each of ytterbium and erbium.
[26] Wird nun 1 Gramm dieser Beschichtung mit Hilfe starker Säuren aufgeschlossen und entsprechend den allgemein bekannten Methoden für ein Nachweisverfahren vorbereitet, so lassen sich die beiden angeführten Lantanoide mit Hilfe der Massenspektroskopie und/oder der Atomadsorptionsspektroskopie (AAS), insbesondere auch mittels ICP-MS oder anderer Plasmaverfahren, eindeutig und zweifelsfrei nachweisen. Die Nachweis- grenze für Ytterbium und Erbium liegt bei ca. 0,1 μg/1 im Graphitrohrofen. [26] If 1 gram of this coating is now digested with the aid of strong acids and prepared according to the generally known methods for a detection method, the two cited lantanoides can be determined by mass spectroscopy and / or atomic adsorption spectroscopy (AAS), in particular by ICP- MS or other plasma method, clearly and unambiguously demonstrate. The detection limit for ytterbium and erbium is approx. 0.1 μg / l in the graphite furnace.

Claims

Patentansprüche: claims:
1. Verfahren zum Schutz eines Produktes gegen Nachahmung, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Produkt mit einer Markierungssubstanz markiert wird, die mit geeigneten Analysemethoden eindeutig und zweifelsfrei nachzuweisen ist.1. A method for protecting a product against counterfeiting, characterized in that the product is labeled with a marking substance that can be clearly and unequivocally detected by suitable analysis methods.
2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Produkt im Sinne einer physikalischen Mischung im Rahmen ihres Herstellungsprozesses dotiert wurde.2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the product has been doped in terms of a physical mixture in the context of their manufacturing process.
3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Produkt Nanoteilchen mit einem Durchmesser von kleiner 503. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the product nanoparticles with a diameter of less than 50
Nanometer aufweist.Has nanometer.
4. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Produkt eine Seltene Erde, wahlweise deren Oxide oder Salze, oder Mischoxide oder komplexe Salze, welche neben anderen Elementen auch Seltene Erden enthalten, aufweist.4. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the product is a rare earth, optionally their oxides or salts, or mixed oxides or complex salts which contain, among other elements and rare earths.
5. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Produkt ein Lanthanoid aufweist5. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the product has a lanthanoid
6. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Produkt Mischkristalle oder auch mit Frem- dionen dotierte Kristallgitter aufweist. 6. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the product comprises mixed crystals or even with foreign ions doped crystal lattice.
7. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Produkt Isotopen, welche in der Natur nicht oder nur in Spuren vorkommen, wahlweise deren Oxide oder Salze, aber auch Mischoxide oder komplexe Salze, welche neben anderen Elementen diese Isotope enthalten, aufweist.7. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the product isotopes, which do not occur in nature or only in traces, optionally their oxides or salts, but also mixed oxides or complex salts which contain, among other elements, these isotopes ,
8. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Produkt nicht radioaktive Isotopen aufweist.8. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the product has non-radioactive isotopes.
9. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Stoff, aus dem das Produkt besteht, in seiner Gesamtheit markiert wird.9. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the substance of which the product consists is marked in its entirety.
10. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein Teil eines Produktes in seiner Gesamtheit markiert wird.10. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a part of a product is marked in its entirety.
11. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch ge- kennzeichnet, dass die Markierungs Substanzen homogen verteilt und gegen Agglomeration stabilisiert werden.11. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, character- ized in that the marking substances are homogeneously distributed and stabilized against agglomeration.
12. Produkt, insbesondere hergestellt nach einem der vorhergehenden Verfahren, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Produkt mit einer Markierungssubstanz markiert ist, die mit geeigneten Analyseme- thoden eindeutig und zweifelsfrei nachzuweisen ist. 12. Product, in particular produced according to one of the preceding methods, characterized in that the product is labeled with a marking substance, which can be clearly and unequivocally detected by suitable analysis methods.
13. Produkt nach Anspruch 12 dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Markierungssubstanz in Spuren von 0,1 bis 100, vorzugsweise 1 bis 10 ppm in dem zu markierenden Material vorliegt.13. Product according to claim 12, characterized in that the marking substance is present in traces of from 0.1 to 100, preferably 1 to 10 ppm in the material to be marked.
14. Produkt nach Anspruch 12 oder 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Markierungs Substanz in Kombination mehrere Stoffe aufweist, die mit geeigneten Analysemethoden eindeutig und zweifelsfrei nachzuweisen sind.14. Product according to claim 12 or 13, characterized in that the marking substance in combination has several substances that are clearly and unequivocally detectable with suitable analytical methods.
15. Produkt nach Anspruch 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Markierungssubstanz eine Mischung mehrerer dieser Stoffe in bestimm- ten definierten Verhältnissen aufweist. 15. Product according to claim 14, characterized in that the marking substance has a mixture of several of these substances in certain defined defined ratios.
EP06742348A 2005-05-10 2006-05-10 Nano-labeling Ceased EP1882176A1 (en)

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