EP1879256A1 - Antenne cavite excitee par un ou plusieurs dipoles - Google Patents

Antenne cavite excitee par un ou plusieurs dipoles Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1879256A1
EP1879256A1 EP05743933A EP05743933A EP1879256A1 EP 1879256 A1 EP1879256 A1 EP 1879256A1 EP 05743933 A EP05743933 A EP 05743933A EP 05743933 A EP05743933 A EP 05743933A EP 1879256 A1 EP1879256 A1 EP 1879256A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cavity
dipoles
single piece
antenna
piece according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP05743933A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Ramon Guixa Arderiu
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Radiacion y Microondas SA
Original Assignee
Radiacion y Microondas SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Radiacion y Microondas SA filed Critical Radiacion y Microondas SA
Publication of EP1879256A1 publication Critical patent/EP1879256A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/44—Resonant antennas with a plurality of divergent straight elements, e.g. V-dipole, X-antenna; with a plurality of elements having mutually inclined substantially straight portions
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
    • H01Q13/10—Resonant slot antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
    • H01Q19/10—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/24—Combinations of antenna units polarised in different directions for transmitting or receiving circularly and elliptically polarised waves or waves linearly polarised in any direction
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/16—Resonant antennas with feed intermediate between the extremities of the antenna, e.g. centre-fed dipole
    • H01Q9/28—Conical, cylindrical, cage, strip, gauze, or like elements having an extended radiating surface; Elements comprising two conical surfaces having collinear axes and adjacent apices and fed by two-conductor transmission lines

Definitions

  • An object of the present invention is a cavity-backed antenna excited with one or several dipoles in a single piece.
  • Antennas with dipoles are employed, among other applications, in the construction of base stations for mobile communications.
  • the present invention is characterized in the special configuration and design of the antenna, in such a way that it is possible to adjust the input impedance of the antenna without the need to modify any of the characteristics of the dipole or dipoles nor of the cavity, which is achieved by adjusting merely the distance at which a metallic plate is welded to the base of the element which excites the cavity and adjusting the size of said plate.
  • the present invention is also characterized in that through the metallic plate being connected to earth electrically the antenna it is not charged electrostatically.
  • the present invention lies within the ambit of cavity antennas excited with dipoles.
  • Wireless communication systems suffer the effects of fading caused by the so-called multipath effect.
  • cavity antennas are usually used because they have good frequency performance, that is, they have a broad bandwidth, and they are easy to construct.
  • the circular cavities excited by crossed dipoles have habitually been used to radiate circular polarization, achieving a good axial ratio as well as a relatively broad bandwidth, and they have been used extensively in broadcasting.
  • the cavities are usually excited with dipoles, patches or slots.
  • Dipoles are very well-known in the telecommunications industry, among which are found the half wavelength dipoles of the bowtie or butterfly type.
  • a crossed dipole is presented formed by two pairs of arms arranged in a V-shape, which is fastened to a reflector plane and the radiation from which takes place in two mutually orthogonal polarizations.
  • the V-shape formed by the dipoles is used for its greater bandwidth with respect to linear dipoles.
  • Still another drawback of the state of the art antennas is that the adjustment of the input impedance to the dipoles is carried out by means of transformers or with lengths of cable of different characteristic impedances or by partly modifying the characteristics of standard cables, which complicates and makes more expensive their assembly and erection.
  • the objective of the present invention is to overcome the aforementioned drawbacks wherein a broadband cavity antenna excited by a dipole or dipoles is obtained, with which:
  • the present invention provides a new antenna suitable for use, among others, in arrays located in base stations for mobile communications.
  • the antenna is formed in a cavity and is excited by means of one or several dipoles, it being possible, in the case of having two crossed dipoles, to transmit or to receive in two mutually orthogonal linear polarizations.
  • the adjustment of the input impedance of the antenna is achieved based on modification to the distance at which a metallic plate is placed over the dipole or dipoles and adjusting the size of said plate, without the need to modify any characteristic of the dipole or dipoles nor of the cavity.
  • the cavity together with the metallic plate facilitate a broadband performance with respect to a single dipole or isolated dipoles.
  • the dipole or dipoles are obtained in a single piece.
  • this single piece has four pairs of arms, the pairs of arms having a V-shaped or U-shaped configuration, the arms being arranged in a radial manner outwards from a centre vertex or point.
  • All the pairs of arms are joined in a base piece, at an approximate distance of ⁇ /4, which is that employed for fixing the dipoles to the cavity.
  • the opposing pairs of arms are joined by means of a coaxial cable, the screen being connected to one of the pairs of arms and the centre conductor to the opposing pair of arms, and positioned in the cavity so that the antenna can transmit or receive signals according to two orthogonal linear polarizations.
  • the object of the invention is not limited by the number of pairs of arms whereby it would change the polarization possibilities.
  • a metallic plate is mounted which is fixed to their base, to the cavity or any other element connected to earth.
  • the adjustment of the impedance is achieved by the adjustment of the distance at which the metallic plate is fixed to the back earth plane of the cavity and by adjusting the size of the plate. Through this variation in the distance it is not necessary to modify any characteristic either of the dipoles or of the cavity.
  • the metallic plate allows the partial suppression of the reflections which are produced on the protective hood of the antenna or antenna array, this hood being also known as the radome.
  • the metallic plate With the different forms of the metallic plate it is possible to adjust in a simple manner the level of crosspolar polarization and the decoupling between dipoles. As well as adjusting the level of crosspolar polarization, in an antenna array like that of the invention a better control is achieved of the isolation between ports and decoupling between dipoles. The reason for this effect is that if the form of the metallic plate is not perfectly symmetrical both the crossed dipoles are coupled to each other and the dipoles belonging to other radiating elements of the array. By appropriately adjusting the forms of the metallic plates ot the elements of the array, a cancellation is substantially achieved of all the couplings, whereby the isolation at the input of the array is very good. This principle is that which is also used to partially suppress the reflections produced in the radome of the array.
  • the decoupling between dipoles belonging to different individual antennas like those of the invention in an array and the level of crosspolar polarization is improved by modifying the profiles and/or the heights of the side walls of the cavity. Also, by adjusting the profiles and the heights of the side walls of the cavity as well as the dimensions of the cavity different radiation patterns are formed, with different characteristics such as main beam width or level of main lobe to secondary for example.
  • a widening or narrowing respectively is achieved in the main lobe of the radiation pattern in the plane perpendicular to the back wall of the cavity and parallel to said dimension.
  • the fixing of the metallic plate is done with some rods, which can run through the space between the pairs of arms.
  • Each of the opposing pairs of arms has some opposing perforations the object of which is to facilitate the connection between the pairs of arms by means of coaxial cable.
  • the perforations for connection between opposing arms can be arranged at a different level in each dipole, the object being to facilitate the interconnection of the arms of the different dipoles which excite the cavity.
  • the use of the metallic plate allows the adjustment of the input impedance of the antenna whereby standard coaxial cable can be connected directly to the input of the dipoles, without the need to insert transformers, lengths of cable of different characteristic impedance or to carry out any modification in said cables to adjust the input impedance.
  • cavity antennas like that of the invention can be grouped to form arrays in a simple and immediate manner, that is, without the need to modify either the form or the size of the cavities or the dipole or dipoles which excite them.
  • the arrangement of the cavity antennas like those of the invention in an array can improve their performance:
  • the cavities and the whole metallic structure of the array in the event are manufactured in steel, with an electrolytic plating, while the radome is made of glass fiber with polyester.
  • the electrolytic plating can be of copper and white brass.
  • Figure 1 shows a representation of a rectangular back cavity antenna excited by a pair of broadband crossed dipoles.
  • Figure 2 shows a representation of the bottom view, of a side elevation and the plan view of the two broadband crossed dipoles in a single piece with the metallic plate which together with the cavity form an embodiment of the antenna object of the invention.
  • Figure 3 is a representation of the cross section taken of the two broadband crossed dipoles in a single piece with the metallic plate at the plane III-III.
  • Figure 4 likewise shows the cross section taken of the two broadband crossed dipoles in a single piece with the metallic plate at the plane IV-IV and perpendicular to the preceding plane III-III.
  • Figure 5 shows the cross section taken of the two broadband crossed dipoles in a single piece with the metallic plate at the plane V-V.
  • a cavity antenna can be observed like that which is object of the invention, excited by a pair of broadband crossed dipoles in a single piece, said piece is housed in a square cavity (13) and fixed by its base (1) to the cavity (13).
  • a metallic plate (8) is mounted which is fixed to the base of the dipoles by welding, said base being connected to earth whereby the antenna does not become charged electrostatically.
  • This metallic plate (8) is what will allow the adjustment of the input impedance of the antenna by means of adjustment of the distance at which said metallic plate (8) is welded to the earth plane and the adjustment of its size, no modification being necessary either in the dipoles or in the cavity to adjust its impedance.
  • the height of the four side walls of the cavity is the same as the height at which the metallic plate is located, the element which excites the cavity being located totally inside the volume defined by the cavity.
  • the bottom view, the elevation and the plan view are observed of the pair of dipoles which are housed in a cavity, it being possible to have one or several dipoles, and in the event of being two crossed dipoles like those shown to transmit or to receive according to two mutually orthogonal polarizations.
  • the single piece which forms the dipoles has a base element (1) from which four arm pairs (2), (3), (4) and (5) emerge, each pair of arms having a U-shaped or V-shaped configuration, with the arms arranged radially outward from a centre point.
  • coaxial cables (15) On the base there is a number of perforations (6) made which are threaded internally. Also, it has a series of recesses (7) which serve for the entry of the coaxial cables (15) which are connected directly to the opposing arm pairs.
  • These coaxial cables (15) can have a standard characteristic impedance and are joined to the input of each of the two dipoles by an application of solder (16) applied directly on the screen (17) of the coaxial cable (15) in one of the pairs (3) of arms, and on the centre conductor of the coaxial cable (15) in the other pair of arms (2) of the same dipole. It can be observed that impedance transformers are not used, nor lengths of cable of different characteristic impedances since the adjustment of input impedance of the antenna is carried out with the metallic plate.
  • a metallic plate (8) is mounted connected and held to the base of the dipole by four rods (9) at a distance less than ⁇ /2, where ⁇ is the wavelength of the centre frequency of the working band.
  • Said metallic plate (8) is located at a distance "d" from the back wall of the cavity on which the dipoles are secured and it is electrically connected to earth. Depending on said distance "d” and on the size of the metallic plate (8), it is possible to adjust the input impedance of the antenna without the need to modify any of the characteristics of the dipoles or of the cavity.
  • the metallic plate (8) is supported by four rods (9), which at their bottom end (12) are housed in some expansions or bosses wherein the bottom end of the rods (9) are housed, it being observed in the bottom view that there are some small perforations (14) on the base is through which the securing of the ends of the rods can be carry out by welding.
  • the top end of the rods (9) is directly welded on the metallic plate (8).
  • the rods (9) run through the space between each pair of adjacent arms.
  • the opposing interconnection (11) is pointed out on the vertex of the pairs of opposing arms (4) and (5), which allows the electrical interconnection of the dipole constituted by the two pairs of opposing arms (4) and (5).
  • This interconnection (11) is implemented at a level above the interconnection (10) implemented on the other dipole, this dipole being incorporated by the pair of opposing arm pairs (2) and (3) shown in figure 4'.
  • the cavity has a rectangular or square form and together with the metallic plate facilitate a broadband performance with respect to a single dipole or isolated dipoles.
  • the dipoles are obtained in a single piece.
  • the metallic plate With the different forms of the metallic plate it is possible to adjust in a simple way the level of crosspolar polarization, and obtain a better control of the isolation between ports and decoupling between dipoles.
  • the reflections are partially suppressed that are produced at the radome.

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  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
  • Details Of Aerials (AREA)
  • Aerials With Secondary Devices (AREA)
EP05743933A 2005-04-25 2005-04-25 Antenne cavite excitee par un ou plusieurs dipoles Withdrawn EP1879256A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/ES2005/070051 WO2006114455A1 (fr) 2005-04-25 2005-04-25 Antenne cavite excitee par un ou plusieurs dipoles

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1879256A1 true EP1879256A1 (fr) 2008-01-16

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EP05743933A Withdrawn EP1879256A1 (fr) 2005-04-25 2005-04-25 Antenne cavite excitee par un ou plusieurs dipoles

Country Status (3)

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EP (1) EP1879256A1 (fr)
MX (1) MXPA06003617A (fr)
WO (1) WO2006114455A1 (fr)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2009038920A1 (fr) * 2007-09-18 2009-03-26 Raytheon Company Antenne à faible saillie à double polarisation
US7948441B2 (en) 2007-04-12 2011-05-24 Raytheon Company Low profile antenna
WO2016090463A1 (fr) * 2014-12-09 2016-06-16 Communication Components Antenna Inc. Antenne dipôle dotée d'un anneau de formation de faisceau
WO2017185184A1 (fr) * 2016-04-27 2017-11-02 Communication Components Antenna Inc. Éléments de réseau d'antennes dipôles pour antenne de station de base multi-ports
EP3327865A1 (fr) * 2015-03-02 2018-05-30 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. Agencement de sonde pour une antenne patch à alimentation par sonde

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102498615A (zh) * 2009-08-25 2012-06-13 莱尔德技术股份有限公司 具有用于减小互耦合的隔阻箱的天线阵列
CN114976651A (zh) * 2022-04-08 2022-08-30 重庆邮电大学 一种单馈超宽带圆极化宽波束磁电偶极子天线

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5952983A (en) * 1997-05-14 1999-09-14 Andrew Corporation High isolation dual polarized antenna system using dipole radiating elements
FR2766626B1 (fr) * 1997-07-28 1999-10-01 Alsthom Cge Alcatel Systeme d'antennes directionnelles a polarisation croisee
US7027620B2 (en) * 2001-06-07 2006-04-11 Sony Corporation Method of recognizing partially occluded and/or imprecisely localized faces
US6747606B2 (en) * 2002-05-31 2004-06-08 Radio Frequency Systems Inc. Single or dual polarized molded dipole antenna having integrated feed structure
US6917341B2 (en) * 2002-06-11 2005-07-12 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Top-loading monopole antenna apparatus with short-circuit conductor connected between top-loading electrode and grounding conductor

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of WO2006114455A1 *

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7948441B2 (en) 2007-04-12 2011-05-24 Raytheon Company Low profile antenna
WO2009038920A1 (fr) * 2007-09-18 2009-03-26 Raytheon Company Antenne à faible saillie à double polarisation
US7688265B2 (en) 2007-09-18 2010-03-30 Raytheon Company Dual polarized low profile antenna
WO2016090463A1 (fr) * 2014-12-09 2016-06-16 Communication Components Antenna Inc. Antenne dipôle dotée d'un anneau de formation de faisceau
US10553962B2 (en) 2014-12-09 2020-02-04 Communication Components Antenna Inc. Dipole antenna with beamforming ring
EP3327865A1 (fr) * 2015-03-02 2018-05-30 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. Agencement de sonde pour une antenne patch à alimentation par sonde
WO2017185184A1 (fr) * 2016-04-27 2017-11-02 Communication Components Antenna Inc. Éléments de réseau d'antennes dipôles pour antenne de station de base multi-ports

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Publication number Publication date
WO2006114455A1 (fr) 2006-11-02
MXPA06003617A (es) 2007-02-02

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