Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
  • H04L65/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services for supporting real-time applications in data packet communication
  • H04L65/10—Architectures or entities
  • H04L65/102—Gateways
  • H04L65/1043—Gateway controllers, e.g. media gateway control protocol [MGCP] controllers
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
  • H04L65/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services for supporting real-time applications in data packet communication
  • H04L65/1066—Session management
  • H04L65/1069—Session establishment or de-establishment
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
  • H04L65/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services for supporting real-time applications in data packet communication
  • H04L65/40—Support for services or applications
  • H04L65/401—Support for services or applications wherein the services involve a main real-time session and one or more additional parallel real-time or time sensitive sessions, e.g. white board sharing or spawning of a subconference
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
  • H04L65/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services for supporting real-time applications in data packet communication
  • H04L65/40—Support for services or applications
  • H04L65/403—Arrangements for multi-party communication, e.g. for conferences
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
  • H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
  • H04L67/14—Session management
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
  • H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
  • H04L67/50—Network services
  • H04L67/51—Discovery or management thereof, e.g. service location protocol [SLP] or web services
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
  • H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
  • H04L67/50—Network services
  • H04L67/53—Network services using third party service providers
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
  • H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
  • H04L67/50—Network services
  • H04L67/56—Provisioning of proxy services
  • H04L67/563—Data redirection of data network streams

Definitions

• the present invention relates to the field of managing media server resources in a network configured for use with VoIP.
• VoIP involves using a codec, such as but not limited to G.711 with mu-law, to encode a person's audible conversation (which is analog) into data packets (that are digital) so that the digital packets can be sent over an Internet Protocol (IP) network.
• IP Internet Protocol
• IP networks may carry other kinds of traffic besides voice, such as video or fax in addition to data services (file transfer, email, instant messaging, etc.).
• voice such as video or fax
• data services file transfer, email, instant messaging, etc.
• Such converged or consolidated networks have economic and operational benefits to network providers and users.
• VoIP services may involve media-based caller interactions with equipment inside the network, typically Media Servers. Such interactions may be, for example but without limitation, for dual tone multi-frequency (DTMF) or speech prompt-and-collect routines (which may, for example, be used for Toll-Free services or retrieving voicemail), for hearing announcements, or for participating in audio conference calls. That notion generalizes to services other than VoIP, more generally known as Services over IP (SoIP) that could include, for example but without limitation, fax store and forward or video conferencing.
• DTMF dual tone multi-frequency
• SoIP Services over IP
• the logic driving how a media server provides a particular service may be provided by an application server.
• the basic architecture for using application servers with media servers is known. However, there may be numerous applications servers working with a larger number of media servers. Therefore, something is needed to manage the utilization of the media servers with respect to the various application servers.
• an application server receives a service request originating from an IP node such as a VoIP phone or other customer equipment, hi response, the application server requests media server resources to provide the requested service.
• the media server resource request may be passed to a media server resource broker.
• the media server resource broker determines an appropriate media server to provide the requested service and provides this information to the application server.
• the application server can then cause the media server and the IP node to be connected and the application server provides the logic that allows the media server to interact with the IP node as needed.
• an application server receives a service request originating from an IP node such as a VoIP phone or other customer equipment.
• the application server requests media server resources to provide the requested service.
• the media server resource request may be passed to a media server resource broker.
• the media server resource broker determines an appropriate media server to provide the requested service and queries the media server to determine an IP address.
• the media server resource broker can then cause the media server to be connected to the IP node.
• the application server can then provide the logic that allows the media server to manage a call with the IP node.
• Figure 1 illustrates a schematic of an embodiment of a system for use in distributing VOIP in accordance with an aspect of the present invention.
• Figure 2 illustrates a schematic of an embodiment of a system for use in distributing VOIP using an indirect method in accordance with an aspect of the present invention.
• Figure 3 illustrates an embodiment of a method of using the system depicted in Figure 2 in accordance with an aspect of the present invention.
• Figure 4 illustrates a schematic of an embodiment of a system for use in distributing VOIP using a relay method in accordance with an aspect of the present invention.
• Figure 5 illustrates an embodiment of a method of using the system depicted in Figure 4 in accordance with an aspect of the present invention.
• Figure 6 illustrates an embodiment of an indirect method in accordance with an aspect of the present invention.
• Figure 7 illustrates an embodiment of a relay method in accordance with an aspect of the present invention.
• Figure 8 illustrates an embodiment of a schematic of a distributed set of media servers in accordance with an aspect of the present invention.
• an AS can provide services to users of the telephone system such as voice mail and these services may include network resources such as a lightweight directory access protocol (LDAP) lookup.
• the AS can also handle the logic behind connecting multiple parties to a multicast conference and can provide a script for interacting with users through the providing of audible prompts and the collection of responses to those prompts. Therefore, an AS can provide the logic necessary to provide a caller with the desired services and is not limited to the use of a particular protocol in communicating with other devices.
• an AS will be programmed for specific functionality.
• the AS may be programmed to provide the logic needed to handle a call to a call center by providing instructions to play one or more recorded messages, to provide structured responses to user inputs and to process received digits as is common in interactive voice response (IVR) interfaces.
• IVR interactive voice response
• the AS 120 will not perform the media interaction with the end-user itself but may instead provide instructions to a MS 160.
• the MS 160 may include a speech recognition engine, a conferencing bridge, a Text-To-Speech (TTS) engine, or may play recorded messages and collect digits entered by the caller so that the individual may interact with the logic provided by the AS 120.
• TTS Text-To-Speech
• the AS 120 potentially could interact with the signals received from the incoming call, which may be provided using Session Initiation Protocol (SIP), directly. However, it may preferably use a call control element (CCE) to act as a proxy for the AS 120. Therefore, incoming calls can be routed by the CCE and call legs can be added, modified or removed by the CCE as desired, under the guidance of service logic in an AS. Thus, as depicted in Figure 1, the CCE 130 allows the AS 120 to ignore the details of how the calls access or egress the network so that the AS 120 can instead focus on the logic of how the calls are handled.
• SIP Session Initiation Protocol
• CCE call control element
• the AS 120 may be configured so as to not directly handle incoming calls, a certain amount of information from incoming calls may be helpful to provide the desired service.
• the AS 120 can be configured to communicate with the CCE 130.
• One method of communicating between an AS and the CCE 130 is the use of the SIP.
• the AS 120 can be configured to communicate with the MS 160 to instruct it on what do with respect to the media interaction with the caller. Such communication may involve, for example but without limitation, Media Sessions Markup Langauge (MSML) and Media Objects Markup Language (MOML) or Voice extensible Markup Language (VXML).
• MSML Media Sessions Markup Langauge
• MOML Media Objects Markup Language
• VXML Voice extensible Markup Language
• each MS module may consist of one or more physical servers and the region may consist of a physical site, a city, a county, a state or a country.
• management at a regional level would manage two or more regions. It should be noted that the provision of MSs in different regions has the benefit of being able to provide services to individuals located near or in those regions without the need to span vast distances. However, efficient utilization of the various MSs becomes more complex because simply being aware of what is happening in a particular region does not ensure that the total available MS resources in all the regions are being utilized efficiently.
• Additional ASs such as AS 120b may also use the MS 161-166 (the connections not shown between AS 120b and the MSs within Figure 8 for the purpose of improving clarity).
• AS 102a and the AS 120b may be operating independently, may support different services, and may be provided by different service providers, neither the AS 120a, the AS 120b or the MS 161 can be expected to be aware of the load on the MS 161 with respect to other MSs.
• a media server resource broker (MSRB) 140 may be utilized.
• the MSRB 140 receives requests for MS services and determines the appropriate MS to provide the requested service, depending on the request and current utilization of MSs.
• the MSRB 140 may consider additional parameters related to utilization other than a simple percentage of usage of available bandwidth such as, but not limited to, geographical origin of the call, proximity of the origin of the call to the various MSs, capabilities of the MS, the number of call legs that need to be supported, the type of resources needed (e.g.
• Some of the information that the MSRB 140 employs for selecting MS resources may come in attributes of the request from the AS 120, such as, but without limitation, the type of codec needed for the ports, likely duration of port usage, geographic preference, number of ports needed, preference for control protocol (such as VXML or Media Server Control Markup Language (MSCML) or Media Resource Control Protocol (MRCP) or the like), conference identification number (for scheduled conference calls), the customer service the request is being made for or whether DTMF collection or a type of speech recognition is needed.
• control protocol such as VXML or Media Server Control Markup Language (MSCML) or Media Resource Control Protocol (MRCP) or the like
• conference identification number for scheduled conference calls
• the MSRB SIP controller 145 may receive a request for a MS with speech recognition capability.
• the request can include a demand for one hundred ports for a period of two hours.
• the term port is not limited to a physical port but instead refers to a logical port.
• a port can be considered to be a unit of bandwidth and processing power and capabilities sufficient for providing a desired service for each incoming call. Therefore, the need for one hundred logical ports may be satisfied by using a portion of a single physical port that has sufficient capacity to handle one hundred or more calls simultaneously.
• the MSRB SIP controller 145 which may be a server, can query the MSRB database 150 to determine current utilization, planned utilization and capacity of all the available MSs in the network. Continuing with the above example, after determining that the MS 160 has sufficient capacity to provide one hundred ports for 2 hours, the address of the MS 160 may be provided to the AS 120 via the CCE 130. In an embodiment, the AS and CCE will then deal directly with the MS 160 along connections 122 and 164 to set up call legs to the MS 160 without further involvement of the MSRB 140. In an alternative embodiment, the signals will flow through the CCE 130 to the MSRB 140 and onto the MS 160. These two methods will be discussed in greater detail below.
• the MSRB 140 When the MSRB 140 provides the AS with the identification of an MS that can provide the requested services, the MSRB 140 stores the usage of the MS in the MSRB database 150. Thus, to continue with the above example, future requests for MS services will take into account the fact that MS 160 has one hundred ports that are assigned for the two hour period. As the MSRB 140 receives requests for all ASs using the set of MSs on the network and the MSRB 140 keeps track of the assignment, based on both current requests and reservations, of all the MSs on the network, the MSRB 140 is able to provide greater utilization of the various MSs while ensuring that the service needed by each AS is provided.
• a communication path 175 is provided between one or more Operations Support Systems (OSS) 170 and the MSRB 140 in order for the MSRB to keep track of actual MS utilization as a precaution against the MSRB 140 and set of AS getting out of synchronization due to such things as signaling errors or AS failures.
• the OSS may provide utilization updates that include factors such as per-service reservations, per- conference reservations, MS planned downtime, MS unplanned downtime, MS equipment additions and MS equipment deletions.
• MS utilization information may come to the MSRB 140 from the MS 160 via the OSS 170 using path 180.
• the utilization information may be provided directly using path 162.
• the AS 120 may instead of reducing the number of ports assigned, the AS 120 may instead request additional ports from the MSRB 140, if, for example, the call volume observed is higher than it had anticipated.
• a request for X ports may be received for a first AS in conjunction with a request from a second AS for Y ports and a request for Z ports from a third AS and the sum of X and Y and Z may exceed the capacity of N ports that is available on the MS.
• different MSs have a different number of ports available and therefore may have a different utilization level.
• the request for X ports from the first AS is related to a conference call, and the other requests are related to IVR, then one possible response is to grant the request for X ports to the AS and grant a portion of the requests for Y and Z ports to the second and third ASs.
• the second and third ASs can then decide whether to accept the partial provision. Assuming that both the second and third ASs do accept the partial provision, the MSRB notes the number of ports assigned for each AS request.
• a request for X ports to support a conference call may overestimate (or underestimate) the number of callers that will connect and also may overestimate (or underestimate) the time the calls will be connected.
• an AS can change its request to the MSRB for how many ports or types of ports it wants. The MSRB also is aware of the utilization of the provided ports by the other ASs. Thus, as ports become available they can be shifted to support another AS, as is appropriate.
• an operation support system (OSS) 170 is connected to the MSRB 140.
• the OSS 170 can request the MSRB to schedule future utilization of resources in response to request for future service.
• an individual planning to have a large conference call with 2000 call legs might want to schedule the conference call in advance so as to ensure all 2000 people planning to participate in the conference call can actually join the conference call.
• the MSRB could determine, based on any previously schedule utilization, the preferred MS to handle the conference call. It should be noted that the MSRB could also adjust the scheduled use of MSs so that a more consistent utilization level of each MS was provided.
• the MSRB might shift the previously scheduled utilization of the first MS to the second MS and schedule the first MS to handle the new request. Changes may also be made in response to varying priorities (for example, an assignment of ports for a conference call may have a higher priority than an assignment of ports for IVR). Additional changes may be made in response to technical issues such as the loss of a MS.
• the MSRB provides a robust and efficient means of utilizing the MSs on the network.
• the underlying signaling among BE, CCE, MS and AS network elements and between the BE and SIP Phone would be some combination of protocols, for example without limitation, SIP, H.323, or Media Gateway Control Protocol (MGCP).
• SIP Media Gateway Control Protocol
• a series of request messages e.g., INVITE, BYE, ACK
• response messages e.g., 180 Alerting, 200 OK
• SIP messages convey address information, for example in the form of a SIP URI, to identify SIP signaling entities.
• SIP messages may also convey various types of payload information, including media information using the Session Description Protocol (SDP), in which case the SDP content would indicate such things as the media receive IP addresses and port numbers of the media endpoints and the characteristics of the media (e.g., G.726-encoded audio).
• SDP Session Description Protocol
• the exchange of media addresses establishes the media connection.
• the media itself is transferred using a protocol such as the Real-time Transport Protocol (RTP).
• RTP Real-time Transport Protocol
• Figure 1 is a representation of a VoIP network.
• the elements such as the BE, the CCE, the AS and the MS embody certain typical groupings of functions found in VoIP networks. Therefore, these elements should not be limited to disclosed embodiments but rather are directed to the elements that perform the discussed functions.
• the BE may be a Session Border Controller, and may perform various security, policy and protocol interworking and transcoding functions with respect to network-external entities, which may include translating between network-internal and network-external addresses.
• the CCE may be a Call Agent or Softswitch, and may perform basic call handling functions, such as routing or AS invocation and interaction.
• a phone 210 which is an example of an IP node, sends an INVITE message, which is a format used in SIP, to a BE 215.
• the message may also be provided in any other known protocol and this message is an example of a service request.
• the INVITE message may include a destination address and/or some indication of the type of service desired.
• the BE 215 determines whether to admit the call based on local policy (e.g. whether the incoming signaling is from an allowed IP address, or the requested call bandwidth is within allowed parameters).
• a SIP phone (such as, but not limited to, a Linksys RT41P2) is one example of a call origination device, and a call origination device may be connected directly to the network or via intermediate networks.
• the BE 215 sends the INVITE message to the CCE 130 in step 310.
• the CCE 130 can query a service broker (SB) to determine if there is any service feature associated with the telephone number (TN) or other information in the INVITE.
• the SB may respond with the address of the appropriate AS.
• the CCE 130 sends the INVITE message to AS 120, which is the AS associated with the TN or other information contained in the INVITE.
• the AS 120 requests additional information from a network server (NS) 220.
• NS network server
• This request which may be a directory request, may by provided by SOAP, LDAP, SMTP or some other protocol and may be directed to a server within the network supported by the MSRB or may be outside the network (e.g. somewhere on the Internet).
• step 325 the AS 120 sends an INVITE message to the CCE 130 requesting MS resources and desired MS attributes.
• the CCE 130 forwards the request to MSRB 140.
• the MSRB 140 may consist of multiple servers and the CCE 120 may send a message to a different server via a round-robin fashion, however, a single logical database of activity for all the MSs associated with the MSRB 140 is required so that the MSRB 140 can keep track of the activity of all the MS resources, hi other words, different MSRBs should not be able to use the same MS resources.
• step 345 the MSRB 140 determines the appropriate MS in light of the request and current/planned utilization levels.
• MSRB 140 may determine that different MSs may provide a portion of the requested ports, either in a pure split or in a weighted allocation depending on the existing utilization of the various MSs.
• step 350 the MSRB 140 provides the MS address and any other appropriate information to the AS 120 via the CCE 130. If the AS request could not be granted as stated, the MSRB may respond with an alternative (e.g., 50 ports can be provided at a MS in the western United States, whereas the request was for 100 in the eastern United States).
• the AS 120 instructs the CCE 130 to set up a call leg with the MS 160.
• step 360 the CCE 130 sends an INVITE message to MS 160, requesting the MS 160 to participate in the call, hi step 365, the MS 160 sends a response to the CCE 130, accepting the call.
• step 370 the CCE 130 relays the response to BE 215.
• the BE sends the response to the phone 210 so that the phone 210 and the MS 160 may establish a media link.
• the AS 120 provides instructions to the MS 160 for handling the phone call from 210. If the AS 120 determines that some or all of the MS resources are no longer needed, for example a call or conference has ended or fewer ports are needed, it may communicate with the MSRB 140 to have all or some number of the ports returned to the MS idle resource pool, hi an embodiment, the AS may determine the current need for ports does not correspond with initial request for the number, type or mix of types of ports. In addition, the currently-assigned ports may be needed for an additional period of time.
• an AS may initially request a number of ports with G.711 coding, and at some subsequent time determine that a mix of three quarters of G.711 ports and one quarter G.726 ports are required.
• the AS can send a new request to the MSRB requesting the new mix.
• the MSRB may respond to the AS with requested G.726 ports from the same MS resources or from a different MS resource.
• the above method allows a MSRB to make an initial determination of an appropriate MS for a conference call for up to X legs and provide the information to an AS. From that point on, additional call legs attempting to join the conference call can simply be sent by the AS to the already-known MS address for the MS resources handling that conference. The AS does not have to make a request to MSRB for each individual call.
• This "indirect" method of utilizing the MSRB where the AS requests to MSRB for MS resources and notifies the MSRB when the MS resources are no longer being used in separate steps from the step of setting up of call legs to or clearing call legs from the MS, has some advantages over other methods.
• Some of the possible advantages may include (1) allowing it to be the AS to determine when assigned MS resources are no longer needed, as opposed to the MSRB inferring it from call clearing messages - which, for example, may be useful in a conferencing situation; (2) allowing for the AS to revise a request for more or less or different resources for a call or collection of calls; (3) allowing for resource negotiation between the AS and MSRB; (4) allowing for a conference call to span multiple MS physical units and have the AS be the network element that links them together and manages the conference as a whole.
• the indirect method can also be used in an IVR solution.
• One possible disadvantage of the indirect method in a case where an IVR service is being provided, (in such a scenario it can generally be safely inferred that the MS port can be freed up when the call is cleared), is that there may be a greater delay in determining that an MS port can be freed.
• the indirect method allows the AS to have greater control over how the resources are allocated and reduces the burden on the MSRB and these benefits may outweigh any disadvantage.
• AS and MSRB can be fundamentally regarded as database requests and responses, where MSRB is the database. While the above discussion provides details regarding the communication between the AS and MSRB via the CCE using SP, in an alternative embodiment, the AS and MSRB may communicate directly. In an embodiment, the AS and MSRB may communicate using HTTP instead of SIP. For example, the AS may use HTTP GET messages to request MS resources and HTTP POST messages to have MSRB return them to the idle pool. As can be appreciated, any other suitable protocol for direct communication between the AS and MSRB may also be used.
• Steps 504 through steps 520 are essentially the same as steps 305 through steps 320 in Figure 3.
• the AS 140 sends an INVITE to the CCE 130 that is both together a request for MS resources for that call and a request to establish that call to a MS.
• the CCE 130 forwards the request for MS resources and call establishment to the MSRB 140 and the MSRB 140 determines that MS 160 is the appropriate MS in light of the request and known/planned utilization.
• the MSRB 140 sends an INVITE message to MS 160 to set up the call leg.
• the MS 160 responds to the MSRB 140 accepting the incoming call request.
• step 544 the MSRB sends the response message to the AS 120 through path 460 so that the information passes through the CCE 130.
• the AS 120 sends a call setup response message via the CCE 130 to the BE 415.
• the BE 415 provides a call setup response messages to the phone 210.
• the MS 160 retrieves a script from AS 120.
• the MS 160 sends audio to the phone 210 over link 280 so as to begin to the interactive service.
• step 580 the call ends and the MSRB 140 infers from the SIP clearing signaling that the MS resource can be returned to the idle pool.
• the MSRB 140 relays call establishment requests from the AS 120 to the MS 160.
• this "relay" method depicted in Figures 4-5 provides a different interaction with the MSRB than the embodiment of the indirect method depicted in Figures 2-3.
• the relay method allows the MSRB to more quickly determine when MS resources can be returned to idle in the case where it can be inferred from observing call clearing, and it involves fewer steps between the AS and MSRB than does the indirect method.
• the relay method may be more restrictive than the indirect method with regard to the amount of control that an AS can exert, as previously described.
• an AS requests MS resources.
• the request may be to initiate a conference call including X number of ports.
• the CCE forwards the request to the MSRB (which, as noted above, may be one or more physical servers sharing a single logical database).
• the MSRB determines the MS location. This determination can include a geographical component so as to minimize transmission delays.
• the MSRB sends a 200 OK signal to the AS via the CCE with the address of the MS.
• the CCE sets up call legs between the MS and the various phones at the request of the AS.
• a control leg is set up between the AS and the MS.
• the control leg allows the AS to provide instructions to the MS, such as muting all but the speaker's leg voice input, or playing an announcement to all the conference legs, or creating a sidebar conference, or mixing the input from the N loudest legs.
• the AS can request additional ports. This typically is not an issue because often the request may include some additional ports to provide a safety factor.
• a percentage of the requested number of ports can be tentatively assigned for the call period and once the AS determines the ports are not needed they can be released for other usage. It should be noted that if the extra ports, which would act as a buffer against a higher than expected level of participation in the call, are provided, they may be shared with more than one call.
• step 640 the call ends. This can be determined by the termination of the final call leg.
• step 645 the AS signals the MSRB that the resources may be unassigned. In an embodiment the signal may be a BYE message.
• step 650 the previously assigned MS resources are return to the idle pool.
• step 705 when the first call leg for the conference comes into the network, the AS requests a MS resource in the same message in which it requests that that call leg be established to a MS.
• the request should include the type of MS resources needed and the number of ports needed.
• the request may also include information about the geographic region of the caller as well as the expected time of the call, if known.
• the request is in the form of an INVITE message sent to the CCE.
• the CCE sends an INVITE message to the MSRB with the same request information.
• step 715 the MSRB determines the location of the appropriate MS and tracks the assignment in the MSRB database so that the assignment of the MS is kept current.
• step 720 the MSRB sends an INVITE message to the MS to create the call leg.
• the MS responds to the MSRB by sending a response message to the call setup request that indicates acceptance of the call (e.g., 200 OK).
• the MSRB provides this information to the CCE so that the caller can be connected to the MS. It should be noted that the signaling path passes through the AS on the way to the CCE, thus the signaling path from the phone to the MS passes from BE to CCE to AS to CCE to MSRB to MS.
• step 740 the MS retrieves the script and any needed files from the AS.
• the script may be in a VXML format and the retrieval can be accomplished via HTTP or some other appropriate protocol.
• step 745 the caller and the MS interact.
• the media interaction which may take place on the link 280 ( Figure 4) between the MS and the phone, may use any appropriate protocol such as RTP for transmitting the audio stream in a known manner.
• step 750 the AS clears the call toward the MS and the caller.
• step 755 the MSRB observes the clearing of the call and returns the MS resources to the idle pool.
• the MSRB receives rapid notification that the port is no longer being used in cases where it can be inferred from the clearing of the call leg.
• the fact that the MSRB is in the signaling path of each call leg may tend to increase the workload of the MSRB.
• the indirect methods can allow the AS to have greater control over how the ports are being used and may be preferable, for example, for handling large conference calls.
• the relay method may be able to provide a quicker update on the status of each call leg and may be preferable for handling IVR type calls. It should be noted, however, that neither method is limited to a particular type of call.
• the present invention has been described in terms of preferred and exemplary embodiments thereof. Numerous other embodiments, modifications and variations within the scope and spirit of the appended claims will occur to persons of ordinary skill in the art from a review of this disclosure.

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