EP1866579A2 - Systeme pour utiliser l'energie thermique - Google Patents

Systeme pour utiliser l'energie thermique

Info

Publication number
EP1866579A2
EP1866579A2 EP06716780A EP06716780A EP1866579A2 EP 1866579 A2 EP1866579 A2 EP 1866579A2 EP 06716780 A EP06716780 A EP 06716780A EP 06716780 A EP06716780 A EP 06716780A EP 1866579 A2 EP1866579 A2 EP 1866579A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
water
energy
tank
heat
accordance
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP06716780A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1866579A4 (fr
Inventor
Kjell Emil Eriksen
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Thermia Varme AB
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP1866579A2 publication Critical patent/EP1866579A2/fr
Publication of EP1866579A4 publication Critical patent/EP1866579A4/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B29/00—Combined heating and refrigeration systems, e.g. operating alternately or simultaneously
    • F25B29/003—Combined heating and refrigeration systems, e.g. operating alternately or simultaneously of the compression type system
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D3/00—Hot-water central heating systems
    • F24D3/18—Hot-water central heating systems using heat pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F5/00—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater
    • F24F5/0096—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater combined with domestic apparatus
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B30/00—Heat pumps
    • F25B30/06—Heat pumps characterised by the source of low potential heat
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
    • F28D20/0034—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using liquid heat storage material
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D7/0066—Multi-circuit heat-exchangers, e.g. integrating different heat exchange sections in the same unit or heat-exchangers for more than two fluids
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D7/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being helically coiled
    • F28D7/024—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being helically coiled the conduits of only one medium being helically coiled tubes, the coils having a cylindrical configuration
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D7/06—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits having a single U-bend
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D3/00—Hot-water central heating systems
    • F24D3/08—Hot-water central heating systems in combination with systems for domestic hot-water supply
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2400/00—General features or devices for refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating and refrigeration systems or heat-pump systems, i.e. not limited to a particular subgroup of F25B
    • F25B2400/24—Storage receiver heat
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
    • F28D2020/0065—Details, e.g. particular heat storage tanks, auxiliary members within tanks
    • F28D2020/0078—Heat exchanger arrangements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
    • F28D2020/0065—Details, e.g. particular heat storage tanks, auxiliary members within tanks
    • F28D2020/0082—Multiple tanks arrangements, e.g. adjacent tanks, tank in tank
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
    • Y02B10/40—Geothermal heat-pumps
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
    • Y02B30/12—Hot water central heating systems using heat pumps
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
    • Y02B30/52—Heat recovery pumps, i.e. heat pump based systems or units able to transfer the thermal energy from one area of the premises or part of the facilities to a different one, improving the overall efficiency
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/14—Thermal energy storage

Definitions

  • the present invention concerns a system for utilizing thermal energy in accordance with the preamble of the following Claim 1.
  • DE 2815974 describes a system in which a heat pump is used both to provide cooling for a cooling unit and heat for a hot water tank.
  • the coolant flow to the heat pump passes through an evaporator in the cooling unit, and then through a condenser in the hot water tank. This will allow the heat absorbed by the coolant in the evaporator to be transferred to the hot water in the hot water tank.
  • NO 313062 by the same applicant, describes a hot water tank connected with a heat exchanger. Water circulates from the lower part of the tank, through the heat exchanger, and returns to the tank a small distance above the outlet. This heats the water up to a temperature of about 40 0 C. This water is heated further by an electric heating coil, and circulates in the middle section of the tank, where there is provided a heat exchanger that extracts heat for heating the building. In the upper section of the tank there is provided an additional electric heating coil, which heats the water in this area to a temperature sufficient for water that is to be consumed.
  • JP 2003056905 describes a system for producing both hot domestic water and water for heating.
  • the system makes use of a heat pump and a storage tank for hot water. This tank communicates with an auxiliary tank, supplying this auxiliary tank with hot water. From the auxiliary tank, hot water can circulate to an underfloor heating system.
  • Heat pumps depend on an accumulator or buffer tank to achieve smooth operation. To ensure an adequate lifetime for the compressor and the best possible efficiency, the temperature difference between the coolant/heating medium and the water in the tank should be as small as possible. The new CO 2 heat pumps make this even more important, as the temperature difference between incoming and outgoing water is of crucial importance to the operating results.
  • EP 1248055 describes the use of energy from three different sources; ambient air, terrestrial heat and solar heat.
  • the system consists of several circuits.
  • a first circuit is connected to an air collector and a solar absorber.
  • the use of valves allows the user to decide how much heat to draw from each energy source. The decision is based on temperature measurements in the circuit.
  • the first circuit has a heat exchange relationship with a second circuit.
  • the second circuit includes a burner.
  • the second circuit has heat exchange relationships with a secondary circuit, both directly via a heat exchanger and indirectly via a condenser circuit.
  • the secondary circuit includes a hot water tank.
  • DK 136497 describes a heat pump tied in to a boiler.
  • the superheated gas from the compressor is directed to a heat exchanger.
  • the heat exchanger is a water-filled tank with a pipe coil.
  • the gas then passes to a heat exchanger in the boiler, after which the gas is liquefied.
  • the liquid is passed via various components to a heat exchanger in the heat pump.
  • NO 135444 illustrates a heat pump installation much like the preceding publication.
  • the superheated gas is also first cooled in a first condenser.
  • the rest of the heat is liberated in a second condenser.
  • the aim is to develop a system where the choice of energy source is not dependent only on measurements of the temperature differences between the air and the heat pump medium and between the inflowing and outflowing heat pump medium, respectively, such as in EP 1248055, but also depends on other important parameters.
  • the heat pump comprising a first primary circuit arranged to extract thermal energy from air, a second primary circuit arranged to extract thermal energy from at least one other source, and at least one secondary circuit arranged to receive thermal energy from the primary circuits, and that the control circuit includes a storage medium for a set of predetermined parameters, a comparing element for comparing the predetermined parameters with measurements tied to the first and second primary circuits, in order to determine which of the two primary circuits energy is to be extracted from at any time, based on the relationship between the measurements and the parameters.
  • the parameters are temperatures in the primary circuits, temperature differences between air and the second energy source, time of year, and expected consumption over a predetermined period. If, in the cold season, the criteria for selecting a primary circuit as that from which energy is to be extracted, include allowing the air temperature to fall below the temperature of the borehole/water by a certain value before the second primary circuit is selected in preference to the first primary circuit, the utilization of the available energy will be even more efficient.
  • the heat pump being arranged to transfer heat and/or provide cooling for water in the water heater
  • the water heater comprises at least two tanks for thermal storage of hot and/or cold water and/or ice, which tanks are thermally insulated from each other, a first tank having a first inlet for cold water and the second tank having an outlet for hot water, that the first tank has a heat exchange relationship with the heat pump via a first heat exchanger having a first temperature level and the second tank has a heat exchange relationship with the heat pump via a second heat exchanger having a second temperature level higher than the first temperature level.
  • This provides a compact system for utilizing the energy to heat hot water and heat or cool a building.
  • first tank in liquid communication with the second tank makes it possible to preheat the water in the first tank before it enters the second tank.
  • Arranging the heat exchanger of the first tank to receive hot or cold liquid from the heat pump and further connecting the heat exchanger to a heating/cooling system for heating or cooling of a building, provides an efficient system for distribution of heating/cooling.
  • Arranging the second tank to comprise a heat exchanger which is arranged to receive hot liquid from the heat pump, preferably the heat pump superheat circuit for heating the water in the second tank, provides an efficient system for provision of hot domestic water.
  • the system comprises an outlet between the first and the second tank, for drawing off water, especially for drawing off chilled water. This makes it possible to provide cold drinking water in an energy-saving manner.
  • system comprises a heat exchanger for heat transfer from waste water to the external circuit of the heat pump.
  • excess heat from the air may be stored for subsequent use, e.g. by sending it down into the ground via a borehole.
  • FIG. 1 schematically illustrates the principles of the system according to the present invention
  • Figure 2 shows details of the heat pump in Figure 1 ;
  • Figure 3 shows a combined system for heating, cooling and heat recovery from waste water according to an alternative embodiment of the invention.
  • Figure 4 shows yet another embodiment of the invention, in which heat from waste water is recovered via the primary circuit of the heat pump.
  • Figure 5 shows a diagram of the air temperature and the borehole temperature in the course of a year;
  • Figure 6 shows a Mollier diagram for a heat pump.
  • FIG. 1 schematically illustrates a heat storage system according to the invention, comprising a multi centre 1 that includes a water heater and a heat pump 2.
  • the multi centre has two tanks; and upper tank 3 and a lower tank 4.
  • the tanks 3 and 4 are insulated against both the environment and each other.
  • Cold water is supplied to the lower part of the lower tank 4 through a cold water inlet 5. From the upper part of the lower tank 4, water may flow on to the lower part of the upper tank 3 via a transfer passage 6. From the passage 6 there extends a branch 7 equipped with a stop valve 8 for drawing off chilled drinking water, as will be explained in greater detail below. There is also a passage 22 connecting the upper tank 3 with the cold water supply.
  • each tank 3 and 4 there is provided a heat exchanger 10 and 11, respectively.
  • the lower heat exchanger is connected to the heat pump 2 via an upper inlet 12 and to an underfloor heating pipe 14 via a lower outlet 13.
  • So-called fan coils 21 may also be used for heating or cooling of the building, as an addition to or replacement for underfloor heating pipes 14.
  • the heat exchanger is an air-to-liquid heat exchanger. It can be configured to recover heat from exhaust air leaving the building.
  • the upper heat exchanger 11 is connected to the heat pump 2 via an upper inlet 15 and a lower outlet 16.
  • the multi centre 1 is also provided with an electric heating coil 19, 20 in each tank. These may act as a supplemental energy supply or as back-up heating if the heat pump fails.
  • an electric heating coil 19, 20 in each tank. These may act as a supplemental energy supply or as back-up heating if the heat pump fails.
  • Figure 2 shows the principles of a heat pump according to the present invention. The circuit that includes underfloor heating and fan coils has been omitted from this figure but may obviously be present.
  • the heat pump 2 includes secondary circuits.
  • the first circuit is a superheat circuit comprising a unit 17 that extracts a quantity of energy from hot steam, lowering the temperature of this. From this unit, water (or optionally another suitable liquid that can transport thermal energy) circulates through the heat exchanger 11.
  • the second circuit is a heating circuit that comprises a condenser 18, in which the steam condenses. From here, water circulates through the heat exchanger 10.
  • the heat pump further comprises a compressor 22 that compresses hot steam. It further comprises an evaporator 23 that extracts thermal energy from either a borehole 35 or air (represented by arrow 24).
  • the heat pump comprises two primary circuits; a first primary circuit arranged to extract thermal energy from air and a second primary circuit arranged to extract thermal energy from the ground or possibly water.
  • a control device is connected to the heat pump, which determines which of the two primary circuits is to supply energy to the secondary circuits, based on temperature measurements carried out in the ground/water and in the air.
  • the multi centre 1 has a lower rustproof pressure vessel or pressure tank 4 with a rustproof heat exchanger 10, which either preheats the cold water or cools it down, depending on the setting of the heat pump 2. From the heat exchanger 10, the circuit continues to the underfloor heating pipes 14 (or convectors) for heating or cooling requirements. In the cooling position, the draw-off 8 also provides chilled drinking water.
  • the upper pressure tank 3 with the reheating exchanger 11 from the super heat circuit 17 of the heat pump provides hot water at a temperature that is high enough to make electric reheating unnecessary.
  • both heat and hot domestic water or cooling and hot domestic water can be accumulated in the multi centre.
  • cold water at a temperature of approximately 10 0 C will flow in through the cold water inlet 5 from the water supply grid.
  • Water at a temperature of about 48 0 C from the heat pump condenser 18 is circulated through the heat exchanger 10, heating the cold water in the lower tank 4 to a temperature of approximately 45 0 C.
  • the water from the heat pump 2 is circulated further out of the heat exchanger 10 to an underfloor heating pipe 14.
  • the heating medium now holds a temperature of between 25 and 35 0 C 5 which is an ideal temperature range for underfloor heating.
  • a conventional temperature controller and a thermostat connected to the underfloor heating pipe, allowing the temperature of the building to be adjusted and set to the desired temperature.
  • the heating medium returns to the heat pump and is reheated to approximately 48 0 C.
  • the water in the lower tank 4 will flow as preheated cold water through the transfer passage 6 and into the upper tank 3.
  • the water will be reheated by the heat exchanger 11.
  • the heat exchanger is supplied with water at a temperature of approximately 90 °C from the superheat circuit 17 of the heat pump 2.
  • hot domestic water can be drawn off through the hot water outlet 9 at a temperature of between 60 and 80 0 C.
  • the overall temperature difference of between 60 and 80 0 C is highly beneficial to the efficiency of, among other things, a CO 2 heat pump.
  • the heat pump can be reversed, so as to allow cold liquid to circulate through the heat exchanger 10 and on into the underfloor heating system 14 for cooling of the rooms.
  • This will cool the cold water in the lower tank 4.
  • This water may be drawn off as chilled drinking water via branch 7.
  • the thermal energy recovered from the water in the cooled lower part of the tank 4 may be utilized in the heat pump, for heating the water supplied to the heat exchanger 11.
  • the heat exchanger 11 will still receive hot water from the superheat circuit 17 of the heat pump 2, as in the above case, and the hot water in the upper tank 3 is heated about as much as in the first case above.
  • Figure 6 shows a simple Mollier diagram for a heat pump, where the numbers in the circles correspond to corresponding numbers in Figures 1 and 2.
  • the number 1 represents the energy extracted from the ground or the air.
  • the number 3 is represents extraction of high-grade superheat.
  • the number 2 is heat extracted from the condenser 18.
  • the number 4 is the sum of the heat from the superheat circuit 17 and the condenser 18.
  • the curve 45 is the vapour pressure curve for the heating medium. Thermal energy is added to the heating medium along line 40, causing an increase in temperature and, with that, energy content. At the same time, the heating medium evaporates at a constant pressure. Then the gas is compressed along line 41. This increases the pressure, while also giving a slight increase in temperature. The gas is now superheated.
  • the figure also includes a curve showing the temperature in a borehole (curve B) used for energy extraction for a heat pump.
  • curve B the temperature in a borehole
  • Curve B' shows the temperature of the borehole when this is connected to a heat pump that alternates between extracting energy from air and from the borehole.
  • a heat pump that alternates between extracting energy from air and from the borehole.
  • the predetermined value at which the energy extraction switches from air to ground or vice versa will, in a simple embodiment of the invention, be an inconstant value. More appropriately the value depends on the temperature difference between the air and the borehole, also taking into consideration the time of year, i.e. date and local conditions. It is also possible to use a model that calculates the remaining energy expected to be consumed before the air is again at a stable, sufficiently high temperature. The choice of which energy source energy is to be extracted from can then be made dependent on the extent of the expected consumption for the rest of the winter. An advanced model may also take into account the weather forecast for the coming winter. It can also take into account any other sources of energy used for heating the building, e.g. wood firing.
  • control circuit will act as an expert system calculating how the energy extraction from the at least two sources of energy should be in order to achieve the highest possible efficiency during the winter or the year in general. This means that the instantaneous efficiency may be lower than the optimum, but that it will result in a higher overall efficiency.
  • the system of at least two sources of energy will make it possible to store excess heat produced e.g. during the summer, for instance in the ground surrounding a borehole. This will bring the temperature of the borehole up to a higher level, providing more energy for extraction during the winter.
  • An example of simple criteria for determining which energy source to use is as follows: If the air temperature is higher than that of the borehole, the air will be used as a source of energy. If the air temperature is lower than that of the borehole, the control system will check the date (e.g. the month) and look up a table that shows how far below the borehole temperature the air temperature is allowed to be. This table is adjusted for local conditions but in principle it is set up as follows: When the cold season approaches one will seek to save the energy in the borehole. Therefore, energy will be extracted from the air even though the air temperature is slightly lower than that of the borehole. Thus the table states how large the temperature difference must be before changing to energy extraction from the borehole.
  • FIG. 3 shows a further embodiment of the invention.
  • the water heater 1 includes three tanks 3, 4 and 30 which are thermally insulated from each other.
  • the tanks are interconnected via transfer passages 6, 31.
  • the lowermost tank 30 is supplied with cold water from the cold water mains via a cold water inlet 33, and is provided with a heat exchanger 32 which is supplied with waste water (so-called grey water) at a temperature which will vary, naturally, but which will always be higher than the temperature of the cold water.
  • waste water waste water
  • Figure 4 shows a further embodiment of the invention.
  • This comprises a water heater 1 and a heat pump 2.
  • the system includes a heat exchanger 33 for waste water.
  • the heat exchanger is located in a buffer tank 34 for the cooling/heating medium of the heat pump 2.
  • the cooling/heating medium is passed through the buffer tank 34 and down into a borehole 35.
  • this system allows heat to be extracted from the waste water and stored in the borehole 35.
  • the ground around the borehole 35 will be at a higher temperature than that which would otherwise be the case, and the heat may then be recovered by means of the heat pump.
  • the waste water will also make a positive contribution of heat.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Other Air-Conditioning Systems (AREA)
  • Heat-Pump Type And Storage Water Heaters (AREA)
  • Air Conditioning Control Device (AREA)

Abstract

Ce système comprend une pompe à chaleur et un circuit de commande associé conçu pour optimiser le rendement énergétique. La pompe à chaleur comporte un premier circuit primaire collectant l'énergie thermique dans l'air et un second circuit primaire collectant l'énergie dans une autre source, par exemple le sol. Il comporte également un circuit secondaire recevant l'énergie des circuits primaires et la distribuant à un bâtiment. Le circuit de commande possède un support de stockage pour un ensemble de paramètres prédéterminés et un comparateur pour comparer ces paramètres aux mesures liées aux circuits primaires. Le circuit de commande décide en fonction de la comparaison quel circuit doit être utilisé pour la production d'énergie.
EP06716780.9A 2005-03-23 2006-03-23 Systeme pour utiliser l'energie thermique Withdrawn EP1866579A4 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NO20051564A NO327321B1 (no) 2005-03-23 2005-03-23 System for utnyttelse av termisk energi
PCT/NO2006/000111 WO2006101404A2 (fr) 2005-03-23 2006-03-23 Systeme pour utiliser l'energie thermique

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1866579A2 true EP1866579A2 (fr) 2007-12-19
EP1866579A4 EP1866579A4 (fr) 2015-03-11

Family

ID=35267126

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP06716780.9A Withdrawn EP1866579A4 (fr) 2005-03-23 2006-03-23 Systeme pour utiliser l'energie thermique

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1866579A4 (fr)
NO (1) NO327321B1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2006101404A2 (fr)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NO20051564D0 (no) 2005-03-23
WO2006101404A3 (fr) 2006-12-21
WO2006101404A2 (fr) 2006-09-28
NO20051564L (no) 2006-09-25
EP1866579A4 (fr) 2015-03-11
NO327321B1 (no) 2009-06-08

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