EP1862257A1 - Multi-material fabric insert - Google Patents

Multi-material fabric insert Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1862257A1
EP1862257A1 EP07300967A EP07300967A EP1862257A1 EP 1862257 A1 EP1862257 A1 EP 1862257A1 EP 07300967 A EP07300967 A EP 07300967A EP 07300967 A EP07300967 A EP 07300967A EP 1862257 A1 EP1862257 A1 EP 1862257A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cloth
insert
machining
axis
insert according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP07300967A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1862257B1 (en
Inventor
Tommaso Dal Negro
Edoardo Sura
Michel Zelisko
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Renault SAS
Original Assignee
Renault SAS
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Publication date
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Publication of EP1862257A1 publication Critical patent/EP1862257A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1862257B1 publication Critical patent/EP1862257B1/en
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B33/00—Honing machines or devices; Accessories therefor
    • B24B33/08—Honing tools
    • B24B33/083—Honing tools with different sets of honing stones
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B5/00—Machines or devices designed for grinding surfaces of revolution on work, including those which also grind adjacent plane surfaces; Accessories therefor
    • B24B5/36—Single-purpose machines or devices
    • B24B5/42—Single-purpose machines or devices for grinding crankshafts or crankpins

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of abrasion machining by grinding for the finishing of cylindrical surfaces.
  • the invention particularly relates to the superfinishing of cylindrical bearing surfaces, for example of a crankshaft.
  • Some cylindrical surfaces such as crankshaft bearings, require machining with severe tolerances. These severe tolerances are obtained, for example, by advanced abrasion processes such as abrasive cloth finishing. Finishing, for example cylindrical scopes, requires on the one hand, a machining operation of the form, during which a removal of material is performed. On the other hand, the finish requires a machining operation of the surface condition, also called superfinishing.
  • the finishing is often carried out by pressing an abrasive cloth against the surface to be machined by means of canvas supports, also called cloth inserts, housed in one or more jaws, or pads, or other clamping means.
  • the cloth inserts comprise at least one contact surface with the abrasive cloth, in a portion of a cylinder, and press the abrasive cloth pressed against the cylindrical surface to be machined.
  • the set of contact surfaces envelope the cylindrical surface to be machined. Relative movement of the workpiece with respect to abrasive surfaces in contact is achieved for finishing. This relative movement is for example a rotation along the axis of the cylindrical surface to be machined, combined with a movement in translation, back and forth, along the same axis.
  • the patent application WO 95/21728 discloses an apparatus comprising a plurality of movable arms each associated with a bearing of the same crankshaft and each having a jaw equipped with a set of bearing inserts against the scope to be machined.
  • the subject of this patent application is a system for correcting the shape of a bearing surface or a journal to be machined.
  • the described system performs in particular a removal of material according to different surface states depending on the hardness of the inserts used.
  • inserts used for the removal of material do not allow the machining of the surface state.
  • the patent US 5,695,391 discloses a machine for machining the surface state of a cylindrical part, such as a crankshaft bearing.
  • This system includes a flexible shell, applying pressure on an abrasive belt against the workpiece.
  • the flexible shell adapts to the different shape variations of the workpiece.
  • this system does not perform a shape correction of the workpiece.
  • the patent EP 1 447 172 describes a machining machine for ultra finishing, using a polishing film.
  • the object of the patent is to control the wear of the film and thus the quality of the polishing.
  • this system does not perform a shape correction of the workpiece.
  • a disadvantage in the precision machining of cylinder parts such as a crankshaft bearing is that existing machine tools require at least one machining step of the form followed by at least one machining step of the state. of surface. These steps generally require at least two different machines, each performing an operation or a complex machine performing several machining cycles.
  • the object of the present invention is to overcome several disadvantages of the prior art, by creating a cloth insert that makes it possible simultaneously to perform machining of the form (in a non-limiting manner in terms of cylindricity, taper or facets) and machining of the mold. the surface state of a cylindrical part, allowing a reduction in the machining cycle time and a reduction in the cost of all the machining machines.
  • a cloth insert in a finishing machining machine of a cylindrical machining surface of determined axis belonging to a workpiece comprising means for clamping a plurality of cloth inserts. pressing an abrasive cloth pressed against the surface to be machined and means to animate a relative rotational movement along the determined axis and / or translation along the determined axis, the workpiece relative to the cloth inserts, characterized in that the weaving insert comprises at least one contact surface with the concave abrasive fabric composed of at least a first material having a first hardness determined for machining the shape and a second material having a second hardness determined for perform a machining of the surface state.
  • the first material contains corundum and / or diamond and the second material contains flux.
  • a band of predetermined width extends over the contact surface with the abrasive cloth, the band being constituted by the first material, the sides of the band being parallel to an oblique plane with respect to the determined axis .
  • the part of the surface not covered by the strip is constituted by the second material.
  • the contact surface with the abrasive cloth, is almost in a cylinder portion of the same axis and of the same radius as the cylindrical surface to be machined, the contact surface is delimited by four sides formed by two parallel segments and on either side of the determined axis and two arcs of circle each connected to the ends of the segments and whose center belongs to the determined axis, the band constituted by the first material connecting two opposite corners of the contact surface.
  • the cloth insert comprises a plurality of contact surfaces with the abrasive cloth, separated from each other by at least one chip evacuation groove.
  • the cloth insert comprises holding means on a face opposite to the contact surface.
  • the cloth insert is bonded by its complementary holding means to an intermediate shoe, the intermediate shoe having fastening means to the clamping means.
  • the holding means of the cloth insert comprise tabs and the means for holding the intermediate pad comprise grooves.
  • the tongues and grooves are delimited by edges in an arc whose center belongs to the determined axis.
  • the holding means of the cloth insert comprise holes having a thread and the means for holding the intermediate shoe comprise screws.
  • a second object of the invention is to propose an implementation of the cloth insert according to the invention to perform a machining of a cylindrical surface with a determined surface state.
  • each pad and its associated insert are periodically replaced by a similar pad associated with a similar unused insert.
  • the insert (1) of the cloth according to the invention comprises a surface (S1), also called the contact surface, pressing the abrasive cloth against the workpiece.
  • the contact surface (S1) is in a cylinder portion of the same axis as the axis (A) of the workpiece and of the same radius of curvature.
  • the contact surface abutting against the abrasive cloth supported on the other hand on the surface to be machined, the contact surface with the abrasive cloth has the same radius of curvature and the same axis as the machined surface.
  • the contact surface (S1) of the cloth insert comprises, in a nonlimiting manner, a first zone (S1a) of a first predetermined hardness and a second and a third zone (S1b) of a determined second hardness.
  • the first zone (S1 a) of the surface (S1) is for example made by a layer of corundum and the second and third zones (S1 b) of the surface (S1) are for example made by a layer of gas.
  • the first harder material for example corundum
  • the second softer material for example the flux
  • the first material comprises for example corundum which is a very hard material whose hardness is 9 on the Mohs scale
  • the second material comprises, for example, curvane which is a deformable elastic material of the elastomer type.
  • the corundum and the flux are used pure or according to an alloy.
  • the first zone is, for example, a strip, of a determined width (L1), traversing the surface of contact with the abrasive cloth, diagonally along a plane (P) oblique with respect to the axis (A) of the piece to machine.
  • the second and third zones (S1b) cover the remainder of the contact surface (S1).
  • the band formed by the first material is for example embedded in the second material and has a thickness (e) determined.
  • the contact surface of the cloth insert according to the invention comprises a plurality of bands of different hardness.
  • a first band is for example made by a diamond layer
  • a second band is for example made by a layer of corundum.
  • the remainder of the surface (S1) of contact is formed by zones made in a non-limiting manner by a layer of a third material, for example curvane which, in combination with the abrasive cloth, produces an abrasive surface for superfinishing, coming against the workpiece.
  • the insert (1) for stretching extends over a given angle (D1) around the workpiece.
  • the insert (1) of the cloth according to the invention comprises elements (2) for holding.
  • the elements (2) for holding are for example tabs (2) of rectangular section, intended to be introduced into grooves (31).
  • the tongues (2) are placed on one side of the insert (1) of the cloth according to the invention, opposite the contact surface (S1).
  • the insert (1) of the cloth, shown in Figure 1 is composed of non-limiting manner of two materials, the first material being inserted into the second material which also carries out, without limitation, the holding elements.
  • the grooves are non-limiting, straight and parallel to the axis of the workpiece or in an oblique plane relative to the axis of the workpiece or intersect such a set of grooves being straight and parallel to the axis of the workpiece and the other grooves in an oblique plane relative to the axis of the workpiece.
  • the holding elements located on a face opposite to the contact surface, are constituted, in a non-limiting manner, by pins or threaded rods or threaded holes.
  • the insert (1) comprises a web (S1) of contact with the abrasive cloth against the workpiece, made by layers of materials of different hardness, as previously described. , but these layers forming the contact surface (S1) are each connected to a connecting element.
  • the connecting element is made of a determined material and comprises holding elements (2), for example tabs, on a face opposite to the contact surface.
  • each insert (1) of the cloth according to the invention is associated with a not shown jaw or an intermediate shoe (3).
  • the intermediate shoe (3) comprises, for example, two tabs (32) for fastening in a clamping tool the inserts (1) of the cloth coming against the abrasive cloth pressed against the workpiece. These two tabs are for example of rectangular section and are fixed in a hole of the same section of the clamping tool.
  • the pad also comprises elements (31) for complementary support connected to the elements (2) for holding the insert (1) of the cloth.
  • the intermediate shoe (3) comprises, for example, grooves (31) in which the tongues (2) of the insert (1) of the cloth are positioned.
  • the holding elements of the intermediate shoe (3) are round section holes, associated with nipples of the insert (1) of the wire, of the same section.
  • the holding elements of the intermediate shoe (3) are screws or respectively threaded holes, associated with threaded holes or screws respectively, of the insert (1) of the cloth.
  • the intermediate pad has one or more gripping surfaces (S3a, S3b). These gripping surfaces (S3b or S3a) are oriented, for example, parallel or respectively perpendicular to the axis (A).
  • the intermediate pad is for example held by an automated clamp exerting a gripping force on these surfaces (S3a, S3b).
  • the fastening tabs (32) have edges (B32) beveled to facilitate the centering of the fastening lugs (3) in the clamping tool.
  • the clamping lugs are cylindrical pins inserted in holes of the same section of the clamping tool.
  • the end of the nipples is tapered to facilitate centering during insertion into the clamping tool.
  • the insert (1) of webbing is directly connected by its holding elements (2) to complementary holding elements of a clamping tool, such as a jaw.
  • a clamping tool such as a jaw.
  • FIG. 3 represents an example of positioning of three intermediate runners (3) each associated with an insert (1) of wire cloth according to the invention.
  • the intermediate shoes (3) are held in place by a not shown clamping tool.
  • the clamping tool is for example a movable arm.
  • the workpiece, not shown, is arranged along its axis (A).
  • the set of inserts (1) of cloth according to the invention surrounds the workpiece, the abrasive cloth being disposed between the workpiece and the inserts of the cloth.
  • the inserts (1) of cloth according to the invention are distributed in two clamping jaws.
  • An arm associated with a jaw makes it possible to perform the machining of a cylindrical surface.
  • the inserts (1) of the machine according to the invention are made to adapt to gripping means of a jaw.
  • the clamping tool is associated with a tool for measuring the diameter of the cylindrical surface to be machined as described in the patent application. WO 95/21728 or in the patent application EP 0 680 806 .
  • a machine for machining cylindrical surfaces for example crankshaft bearings
  • a machining arm or a plurality of machining arms as described in FIGS. documents cited in the prior art.
  • a machining arm is used to perform the machining of a cylindrical surface, for example a cylindrical bearing of a crankshaft.
  • each cylindrical seat of a crankshaft is, for example, associated with an arm to perform the machining of all crankshaft bearings simultaneously.
  • the arm is moved to successively perform the machining of distinct cylindrical bearing surfaces.
  • Each arm comprises a clamping means exerting a pressure on the inserts (1) of cloth against the abrasive cloth pressed against the cylindrical surface to be machined, for example a cylindrical crankshaft bearing.
  • the clamping means is for example a jaw supporting the inserts (1) of the cloth, as described in the patent application.
  • a plurality of pads for example four or more, each supporting an insert (1) of cloth according to the invention, are pressed against the abrasive cloth pressed against the workpiece by clamping means.
  • the pads are movable relative to the workpiece, along one or more axes of rotation or translation.
  • a shoe (3) is, in a nonlimiting manner, rotatable about an axis of rotation parallel to the axis (A) of the workpiece.
  • a pad (3) is rotatable along an axis of rotation perpendicular to the axis (A) of the workpiece and passing through this axis (A).
  • a shoe (3) is movable in translation along an axis perpendicular to the axis (A) of the workpiece and passing through this axis.
  • a pad (3) has several degrees of freedom, allowing precise positioning with respect to the workpiece.
  • a machining cycle begins with the tightening of the inserts (1) of cloth according to the invention, by pressing in this way the abrasive cloth against the workpiece. Then the workpiece is set in motion relative to the inserts (1) of cloth, in a non-limiting manner according to a relative rotational movement according to the axis of the surface to be machined or a movement in translation, back and forth, along the axis of the surface to be machined or a combination of these two movements. The cycle continues by stopping the relative movement of the workpiece relative to the inserts (1) of the wire. Then the clamping device is controlled so as to eliminate the tightening of the inserts (1) of the cloth, and therefore of the abrasive cloth against the surface to be machined.
  • the machining of the surface is then performed, according to a machining of the form and according to a machining of the surface state.
  • the removal of material performing the machining of the shape is performed by the portion of the abrasive cloth pressed by the hard layer of the insert, for example corundum.
  • the machining of the surface condition is, for example, carried out by the part of the abrasive cloth pressed against a softer layer, for example in a curvane.
  • the abrasive cloth is then renewed partially according to a determined indexing or completely. Renewal is performed, without limitation, automatically. In a nonlimiting manner, a new part is then machined in the same way.
  • the intermediate pads (3), each associated with a worn insert (1) are removed and each replaced by a pad (3) associated with a cloth insert (1) not worn.
  • the worn insert is separated from the intermediate shoe (3) and replaced by an unused cloth insert (1), so that the shoe (3) is reused later.
  • a plurality of clamping tools each tighten a crankshaft bearing to simultaneously perform the machining of a plurality of crankshaft bearing surfaces.
  • machining cycle of the shape and the surface condition is therefore shorter.
  • a cycle of washing with hard inserts is indeed followed by a cycle of washing with soft inserts.
  • Two machines operating one after the other or a longer cycle with a change of insert are then necessary.
  • the combination of at least two materials of different hardness involves only one machining cycle.
  • the hard layer of the insert ensures a significant removal of material, and corrections of shape (in a non-limiting manner in terms of straightness, cylindricity, circularity or facets).
  • the softer layer provides a high surface quality, even with respect to the grease holes of the crankshaft bearings, and limits the relative sliding between the abrasive cloth and the surface of the insert.
  • the machining of the shape or surface condition generates chips.
  • the chips are evacuated at the level of the areas on which no insert (1) of clothage applies pressure.
  • a segmentation is performed, as shown in Figure 4.
  • the segmentation of the insert (1) of the wire is the realization of grooves (F) in the insert (1) of the wire.
  • the grooves (F) are, without limitation, parallel to the axis of the workpiece or in an oblique plane relative to this axis. Segmentation facilitates firstly the manufacture of the inserts (1) of cloth according to the invention and secondly the segmentation facilitates the evacuation of chips during machining.
  • the reinforcement insert (1) according to the invention is segmented by two grooves (F) sharing the contact surface in three sub-surfaces, each traversed by a diagonal band of one first material, for example corundum, the remainder being made in a second material, for example, flux.
  • the positions of the hardest material and the softest material are reversed. Different geometrical configurations are possible. The choice of the hardnesses of the two materials determines the removal of material and the surface condition of the finished cylindrical surface.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Finish Polishing, Edge Sharpening, And Grinding By Specific Grinding Devices (AREA)
  • Shafts, Cranks, Connecting Bars, And Related Bearings (AREA)
  • Grinding Of Cylindrical And Plane Surfaces (AREA)
  • Polishing Bodies And Polishing Tools (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)

Abstract

The insert (1) has a contact surface (S1) contacting a concave abrasive cloth supported against a crankshaft bearing surface to be machined, where the insert is segmented by grooves. The abrasive cloth is composed of a material having a determined hardness for realizing a shape machining of the bearing surface, and another material e.g. courbhane, having another determined hardness for realizing a surface state machining of the bearing surface. The former material contains corundum and diamond.

Description

L'invention concerne le domaine de l'usinage d'abrasion par toilage pour la finition de surfaces cylindriques. L'invention concerne notamment la superfinition des portées cylindriques, par exemple d'un vilebrequin.The invention relates to the field of abrasion machining by grinding for the finishing of cylindrical surfaces. The invention particularly relates to the superfinishing of cylindrical bearing surfaces, for example of a crankshaft.

Certaines surfaces cylindriques, comme les portées des vilebrequins, nécessitent un usinage avec des tolérances sévères. Ces tolérances sévères sont obtenues, par exemple, par des procédés d'abrasion avancés comme le toilage (finition par toile abrasive). La finition, par exemple des portées cylindriques, nécessite d'une part, une opération d'usinage de la forme, durant laquelle un enlèvement de matière est réalisé. D'autre part, la finition nécessite une opération d'usinage de l'état de surface, également appelée superfinition.Some cylindrical surfaces, such as crankshaft bearings, require machining with severe tolerances. These severe tolerances are obtained, for example, by advanced abrasion processes such as abrasive cloth finishing. Finishing, for example cylindrical scopes, requires on the one hand, a machining operation of the form, during which a removal of material is performed. On the other hand, the finish requires a machining operation of the surface condition, also called superfinishing.

Dans le cas du toilage d'une surface cylindrique, par exemple une portée de vilebrequin, la finition est souvent réalisée en pressant une toile abrasive contre la surface à usiner par l'intermédiaire de supports de toile, également appelés inserts de toilage, logés dans une ou plusieurs mâchoires, ou patins, ou autre moyen de serrage. Les inserts de toilage comprennent au moins une surface de contact avec la toile abrasive, en portion de cylindre, et viennent presser la toile abrasive appuyée contre la surface cylindrique à usiner. L'ensemble des surfaces de contact enveloppe la surface cylindrique à usiner. Un mouvement relatif de la pièce à usiner par rapport aux surfaces abrasives en contact, est réalisé pour la finition. Ce mouvement relatif est par exemple une rotation selon l'axe de la surface cylindrique à usiner, combinée à un mouvement en translation, de va et vient, selon le même axe.In the case of the wire of a cylindrical surface, for example a crankshaft bearing, the finishing is often carried out by pressing an abrasive cloth against the surface to be machined by means of canvas supports, also called cloth inserts, housed in one or more jaws, or pads, or other clamping means. The cloth inserts comprise at least one contact surface with the abrasive cloth, in a portion of a cylinder, and press the abrasive cloth pressed against the cylindrical surface to be machined. The set of contact surfaces envelope the cylindrical surface to be machined. Relative movement of the workpiece with respect to abrasive surfaces in contact is achieved for finishing. This relative movement is for example a rotation along the axis of the cylindrical surface to be machined, combined with a movement in translation, back and forth, along the same axis.

La demande de brevet WO 95/21728 , décrit un appareil comportant une pluralité de bras mobiles chacun associé à une portée d'un même vilebrequin et comportant chacun une mâchoire équipée d'un ensemble d'inserts d'appui contre la portée à usiner. L'objet de cette demande de brevet est un système de correction de la forme d'une portée ou d'un tourillon à usiner. Le système décrit réalise notamment un enlèvement de matière selon différents états de surface dépendant de la dureté des inserts utilisés. Cependant, les inserts utilisés pour l'enlèvement de matière, ne permettent pas l'usinage de l'état de surface.The patent application WO 95/21728 , discloses an apparatus comprising a plurality of movable arms each associated with a bearing of the same crankshaft and each having a jaw equipped with a set of bearing inserts against the scope to be machined. The subject of this patent application is a system for correcting the shape of a bearing surface or a journal to be machined. The described system performs in particular a removal of material according to different surface states depending on the hardness of the inserts used. However, inserts used for the removal of material, do not allow the machining of the surface state.

Un appareil d'usinage par abrasion est décrit dans la demande de brevet EP 0 680 806 . L'objet de cette demande est de répondre aux exigences sévères en ce qui concerne l'absence de défauts de forme, la rectitude et la précision des portées cylindriques d'un vilebrequin. Ce système utilise des inserts de toilage de dureté déterminée, qui réalisent un état de surface final correspondant. Cependant ces inserts utilisés avec une toile abrasive pour l'enlèvement de matière, ne permettent pas l'usinage de l'état de surface.An abrasion machining apparatus is described in the patent application EP 0 680 806 . The purpose of this application is to meet the stringent requirements regarding the absence of defects in shape, straightness and accuracy of the cylindrical bearing surfaces of a crankshaft. This system uses inserts of hardness of determined hardness, which realize a corresponding final surface state. However these inserts used with an abrasive cloth for the removal of material, do not allow the machining of the surface state.

Le brevet US 5,695,391 décrit une machine d'usinage de l'état de surface d'une pièce cylindrique, telle qu'une portée de vilebrequin. Ce système comprend une coque flexible, appliquant une pression sur une bande abrasive contre la pièce à usiner. La coque flexible s'adapte aux différentes variations de forme de la pièce à usiner. Cependant, ce système ne réalise pas de correction de forme de la pièce à usiner.The patent US 5,695,391 discloses a machine for machining the surface state of a cylindrical part, such as a crankshaft bearing. This system includes a flexible shell, applying pressure on an abrasive belt against the workpiece. The flexible shell adapts to the different shape variations of the workpiece. However, this system does not perform a shape correction of the workpiece.

Le brevet EP 1 447 172 décrit une machine d'usinage pour l'ultra finition, utilisant un film de polissage. L'objet du brevet est de contrôler l'usure du film et donc la qualité du polissage. Cependant, ce système ne réalise pas de correction de forme de la pièce à usiner.The patent EP 1 447 172 describes a machining machine for ultra finishing, using a polishing film. The object of the patent is to control the wear of the film and thus the quality of the polishing. However, this system does not perform a shape correction of the workpiece.

Un inconvénient, dans l'usinage de précision de pièces cylindres comme une portée de vilebrequin, est que les appareils de toilage existants nécessitent au moins une étape d'usinage de la forme suivie d'au moins une étape d'usinage de l'état de surface. Ces étapes nécessitent généralement au moins deux machines différentes, réalisant chacune une opération ou une machine complexe réalisant plusieurs cycles d'usinage.A disadvantage in the precision machining of cylinder parts such as a crankshaft bearing is that existing machine tools require at least one machining step of the form followed by at least one machining step of the state. of surface. These steps generally require at least two different machines, each performing an operation or a complex machine performing several machining cycles.

La présente invention a pour objet de pallier plusieurs inconvénients de l'art antérieur, en créant un insert de toilage permettant de réaliser simultanément un usinage de la forme (de manière non limitative en termes de cylindricité, conicité ou facettes) et un usinage de l'état de surface d'une pièce cylindrique, permettant une réduction du temps de cycle d'usinage et une réduction du coût de l'ensemble des machines d'usinage.The object of the present invention is to overcome several disadvantages of the prior art, by creating a cloth insert that makes it possible simultaneously to perform machining of the form (in a non-limiting manner in terms of cylindricity, taper or facets) and machining of the mold. the surface state of a cylindrical part, allowing a reduction in the machining cycle time and a reduction in the cost of all the machining machines.

Cet objectif est atteint grâce à un insert de toilage dans une machine d'usinage de finition d'une surface à usiner cylindrique d'axe déterminé appartenant à une pièce, la machine comprenant des moyens de serrage d'une pluralité d'inserts de toilage pressant une toile abrasive appuyée contre la surface à usiner et des moyens d'animer d'un mouvement relatif de rotation selon l'axe déterminé et/ou de translation selon l'axe déterminé, la pièce par rapport aux inserts de toilage, caractérisé en ce que l'insert de toilage comprend au moins une surface de contact avec la toile abrasive, concave composée d'au moins une première matière ayant une première dureté déterminée pour réaliser un usinage de la forme et une deuxième matière ayant une deuxième dureté déterminée pour réaliser un usinage de l'état de surface.This object is achieved by means of a cloth insert in a finishing machining machine of a cylindrical machining surface of determined axis belonging to a workpiece, the machine comprising means for clamping a plurality of cloth inserts. pressing an abrasive cloth pressed against the surface to be machined and means to animate a relative rotational movement along the determined axis and / or translation along the determined axis, the workpiece relative to the cloth inserts, characterized in that the weaving insert comprises at least one contact surface with the concave abrasive fabric composed of at least a first material having a first hardness determined for machining the shape and a second material having a second hardness determined for perform a machining of the surface state.

Selon une autre particularité, la première matière contient du corindon et/ou du diamant et la deuxième matière contient du courbhane.According to another feature, the first material contains corundum and / or diamond and the second material contains flux.

Selon une autre particularité, une bande de largeur déterminée s'étend sur la surface de contact avec la toile abrasive, la bande étant constituée par la première matière, les côtés de la bande étant parallèles à un plan oblique par rapport à l'axe déterminé.According to another feature, a band of predetermined width extends over the contact surface with the abrasive cloth, the band being constituted by the first material, the sides of the band being parallel to an oblique plane with respect to the determined axis .

Selon une autre particularité, la partie de la surface non couverte par la bande est constituée par la deuxième matière.According to another feature, the part of the surface not covered by the strip is constituted by the second material.

Selon une autre particularité, la surface de contact, avec la toile abrasive, est quasiment en portion de cylindre de même axe et de même rayon que la surface cylindrique à usiner, la surface de contact est délimitée par quatre côtés formés par deux segments parallèles et de part et d'autre de l'axe déterminé et deux arcs de cercle chacun relié aux extrémités des segments et dont le centre appartient à l'axe déterminé, la bande constituée par la première matière reliant deux coins opposés de la surface de contact.According to another particularity, the contact surface, with the abrasive cloth, is almost in a cylinder portion of the same axis and of the same radius as the cylindrical surface to be machined, the contact surface is delimited by four sides formed by two parallel segments and on either side of the determined axis and two arcs of circle each connected to the ends of the segments and whose center belongs to the determined axis, the band constituted by the first material connecting two opposite corners of the contact surface.

Selon une autre particularité, l'insert de toilage comprend une pluralité de surfaces de contact avec la toile abrasive, séparées entre elles par au moins une rainure d'évacuation des copeaux.According to another feature, the cloth insert comprises a plurality of contact surfaces with the abrasive cloth, separated from each other by at least one chip evacuation groove.

Selon une autre particularité, l'insert de toilage comporte des moyens de maintien sur une face opposée à la surface de contact.According to another feature, the cloth insert comprises holding means on a face opposite to the contact surface.

Selon une autre particularité, l'insert de toilage est lié par ses moyens de maintien complémentaires à un patin intermédiaire, le patin intermédiaire comportant des moyens de fixation aux moyens de serrage.According to another feature, the cloth insert is bonded by its complementary holding means to an intermediate shoe, the intermediate shoe having fastening means to the clamping means.

Selon une autre particularité, les moyens de maintien de l'insert de toilage, comprennent des languettes et les moyens de maintien du patin intermédiaire comprennent des rainures.According to another feature, the holding means of the cloth insert comprise tabs and the means for holding the intermediate pad comprise grooves.

Selon une autre particularité, les languettes et les rainures sont délimitées par des arrêtes en arc de cercle dont le centre appartient à l'axe déterminé.According to another feature, the tongues and grooves are delimited by edges in an arc whose center belongs to the determined axis.

Selon une autre particularité, les moyens de maintien de l'insert de toilage, comprennent des trous comportant un filetage et les moyens de maintien du patin intermédiaire comprennent des vis.According to another feature, the holding means of the cloth insert comprise holes having a thread and the means for holding the intermediate shoe comprise screws.

Un deuxième objet de l'invention est de proposer une mise en ouvre de l'insert de toilage selon l'invention pour réaliser un usinage d'une surface cylindrique avec un état de surface déterminé.A second object of the invention is to propose an implementation of the cloth insert according to the invention to perform a machining of a cylindrical surface with a determined surface state.

Cet objectif est atteint par une utilisation de l'insert de toilage selon l'invention pour laquelle chaque insert de toilage est lié par ses moyens de maintien aux moyens de serrage et est remplacé périodiquement par un insert similaire non usé.This objective is achieved by using the cloth insert according to the invention for which each cloth insert is bonded by its holding means to the clamping means and is periodically replaced by a similar non-worn insert.

Selon une utilisation de l'insert selon l'invention chaque patin et son insert associé sont remplacés périodiquement par un patin similaire associé à un insert similaire non usé.According to one use of the insert according to the invention each pad and its associated insert are periodically replaced by a similar pad associated with a similar unused insert.

Selon une autre particularité, le patin et son insert usé sont séparés, un insert de toilage similaire non usé étant de nouveau associé au patin pour une utilisation ultérieure. L'invention, ses caractéristiques et ses avantages apparaîtront plus clairement à la lecture de la description faite en référence aux figures référencées ci-dessous :

  • la figure 1 représente une vue en perspective d'un insert de toilage selon l'invention ;
  • la figure 2 représente une vue en perspective de l'insert de toilage associé à un patin intermédiaire selon l'invention ;
  • la figure 3 représente une vue en perspective des inserts de toilage selon l'invention, associés chacun à un patin intermédiaire, selon un positionnement donné, pour l'usinage d'une pièce cylindrique ;
  • la figure 4 représente une variante de l'insert de toilage selon l'invention associé à un patin intermédiaire ;
  • la figure 5 représente une autre variante de l'insert de toilage selon l'invention associé à un patin intermédiaire.
In another feature, the pad and its worn insert are separated, a similar non-worn cloth insert being again associated with the pad for later use. The invention, its characteristics and its advantages will appear more clearly on reading the description made with reference to the figures referenced below:
  • FIG. 1 represents a perspective view of a cloth insert according to the invention;
  • FIG. 2 represents a perspective view of the cloth insert associated with an intermediate shoe according to the invention;
  • FIG. 3 represents a perspective view of the cloth inserts according to the invention, each associated with an intermediate shoe, according to a given positioning, for machining a cylindrical piece;
  • FIG. 4 represents a variant of the cloth insert according to the invention associated with an intermediate shoe;
  • FIG. 5 represents another variant of the cloth insert according to the invention associated with an intermediate shoe.

L'invention va à présent être décrite en référence aux figures précédemment citées. En référence à la figure 1, l'insert (1) de toilage selon l'invention comporte une surface (S1), également appelée surface de contact, pressant la toile abrasive contre la pièce à usiner. La surface (S1) de contact est en portion de cylindre de même axe que l'axe (A) de la pièce à usiner et de même rayon de courbure. La surface de contact venant en appui contre la toile abrasive appuyée d'autre part sur la surface à usiner, la surface de contact, avec la toile abrasive, a le même rayon de courbure et le même axe que la surface usinée. La surface (S1) de contact de l'insert de toilage comprend, de manière non limitative, une première zone (S1a) d'une première dureté déterminée et une deuxième et une troisième zones (S1b) d'une deuxième dureté déterminée. La première zone (S1 a) de la surface (S1) est par exemple réalisée par une couche de corindon et les deuxième et troisième zones (S1 b) de la surface (S1) sont par exemple réalisées par une couche de courbhane. Dans ce mode de réalisation, le premier matériau plus dur, par exemple du corindon, est utilisé pour l'usinage de la forme et le deuxième matériau plus tendre, par exemple le courbhane, est utilisé pour l'usinage de l'état de surface ou la superfinition. Le premier matériau comprend par exemple du corindon qui est un matériau très dur dont la dureté est de 9 sur l'échelle de Mohs, tandis que le deuxième matériau comprend par exemple du courbhane qui est un matériau élastique déformable, du type élastomère. De manière non limitative, le corindon comme le courbhane sont utilisés pur ou selon un alliage. La première zone est, par exemple, une bande, de largeur (L1) déterminée, parcourant la surface de contact avec la toile abrasive, en diagonale, selon un plan (P) oblique par rapport à l'axe (A) de la pièce à usiner. Les deuxième et troisième zones (S1 b) couvrent le reste de la surface (S1) de contact. La bande constituée par le premier matériau est par exemple incrustée dans le deuxième matériau et a une épaisseur (e) déterminée.The invention will now be described with reference to the figures mentioned above. Referring to Figure 1, the insert (1) of the cloth according to the invention comprises a surface (S1), also called the contact surface, pressing the abrasive cloth against the workpiece. The contact surface (S1) is in a cylinder portion of the same axis as the axis (A) of the workpiece and of the same radius of curvature. The contact surface abutting against the abrasive cloth supported on the other hand on the surface to be machined, the contact surface with the abrasive cloth has the same radius of curvature and the same axis as the machined surface. The contact surface (S1) of the cloth insert comprises, in a nonlimiting manner, a first zone (S1a) of a first predetermined hardness and a second and a third zone (S1b) of a determined second hardness. The first zone (S1 a) of the surface (S1) is for example made by a layer of corundum and the second and third zones (S1 b) of the surface (S1) are for example made by a layer of gas. In this embodiment, the first harder material, for example corundum, is used for machining the shape and the second softer material, for example the flux, is used for machining the surface state. or superfinishing. The first material comprises for example corundum which is a very hard material whose hardness is 9 on the Mohs scale, while the second material comprises, for example, curvane which is a deformable elastic material of the elastomer type. In a nonlimiting manner, the corundum and the flux are used pure or according to an alloy. The first zone is, for example, a strip, of a determined width (L1), traversing the surface of contact with the abrasive cloth, diagonally along a plane (P) oblique with respect to the axis (A) of the piece to machine. The second and third zones (S1b) cover the remainder of the contact surface (S1). The band formed by the first material is for example embedded in the second material and has a thickness (e) determined.

Dans une variante de réalisation, non représentée, la surface de contact de l'insert de toilage selon l'invention comporte une pluralité de bandes de dureté différente. Une première bande est par exemple réalisée par une couche de diamant, et une deuxième bande est par exemple réalisée par une couche de corindon. Le diamant de dureté 10 sur l'échelle de Mohs, combiné à la toile abrasive, réalise ainsi une surface très abrasive venant contre la pièce à usiner. Le reste de la surface (S1) de contact est constitué par des zones réalisées de manière non limitative par une couche d'un troisième matériau, par exemple du courbhane qui réalise, en combinaison avec la toile abrasive, une surface abrasive pour la superfinition, venant contre la pièce à usiner.In an alternative embodiment, not shown, the contact surface of the cloth insert according to the invention comprises a plurality of bands of different hardness. A first band is for example made by a diamond layer, and a second band is for example made by a layer of corundum. The hardness diamond 10 on the Mohs scale, combined with the abrasive cloth, thus provides a very abrasive surface against the workpiece. The remainder of the surface (S1) of contact is formed by zones made in a non-limiting manner by a layer of a third material, for example curvane which, in combination with the abrasive cloth, produces an abrasive surface for superfinishing, coming against the workpiece.

L'insert (1) de toilage s'étend sur un angle (D1) déterminé autour de la pièce à usiner. L'insert (1) de toilage selon l'invention comporte des éléments (2) de maintien. Les éléments (2) de maintien sont par exemple des languettes (2) de section rectangulaire, destinées à être introduites dans des rainures (31). Les languettes (2) d'épaisseur (e2) déterminée, suivent par exemple un arc de cercle dont le centre appartient à l'axe (A) de la pièce à usiner. Les languettes (2) sont placées sur une face de l'insert (1) de toilage selon l'invention, à l'opposé de la surface (S1) de contact. L'insert (1) du toilage, représenté à la figure 1, est composé de manière non limitative de deux matériaux, le premier matériau étant inséré dans le deuxième matériau qui réalise aussi, de manière non limitative, les éléments de maintien.The insert (1) for stretching extends over a given angle (D1) around the workpiece. The insert (1) of the cloth according to the invention comprises elements (2) for holding. The elements (2) for holding are for example tabs (2) of rectangular section, intended to be introduced into grooves (31). The tongues (2) of thickness (e2) determined, follow for example a circular arc whose center belongs to the axis (A) of the workpiece. The tongues (2) are placed on one side of the insert (1) of the cloth according to the invention, opposite the contact surface (S1). The insert (1) of the cloth, shown in Figure 1, is composed of non-limiting manner of two materials, the first material being inserted into the second material which also carries out, without limitation, the holding elements.

Dans une variante de réalisation, non représentée, les rainures sont de manière non limitative, droites et parallèles à l'axe de la pièce à usiner ou selon un plan oblique par rapport à l'axe de la pièce à usiner ou se croisent de telle façon qu'un ensemble de rainures étant droites et parallèles à l'axe de la pièce à usiner et les autres rainures suivant un plan oblique par rapport à l'axe de la pièce à usiner.In an alternative embodiment, not shown, the grooves are non-limiting, straight and parallel to the axis of the workpiece or in an oblique plane relative to the axis of the workpiece or intersect such a set of grooves being straight and parallel to the axis of the workpiece and the other grooves in an oblique plane relative to the axis of the workpiece.

Dans un autre mode de réalisation, non représenté, les éléments de maintien, situés sur une face opposée à la surface de contact, sont constitués, de manière non limitative, par des tétons ou des tiges filetées ou des trous filetés.In another embodiment, not shown, the holding elements, located on a face opposite to the contact surface, are constituted, in a non-limiting manner, by pins or threaded rods or threaded holes.

Dans un autre mode de réalisation, non représenté, l'insert (1) de toilage comprend une surface (S1) de contact avec la toile abrasive venant contre la pièce à usiner, réalisée par des couches de matériaux de dureté différente, comme précédemment décrit, mais ces couches formant la surface (S1) de contact sont liées chacune à un élément de liaison. L'élément de liaison est réalisé dans un matériau déterminé et comprend des éléments (2) de maintien, par exemple des languettes, sur une face opposée à la surface de contact.In another embodiment, not shown, the insert (1) comprises a web (S1) of contact with the abrasive cloth against the workpiece, made by layers of materials of different hardness, as previously described. , but these layers forming the contact surface (S1) are each connected to a connecting element. The connecting element is made of a determined material and comprises holding elements (2), for example tabs, on a face opposite to the contact surface.

De manière non limitative, comme représenté à la figure 2, chaque insert (1) de toilage selon l'invention est associé à une mâchoire non représentée ou à un patin (3) intermédiaire. Le patin (3) intermédiaire comporte par exemple, deux pattes (32) de fixation dans un outil de serrage des inserts (1) de toilage venant contre la toile abrasive appuyée contre la pièce à usiner. Ces deux pattes sont par exemple de section rectangulaire et viennent se fixer dans un trou de même section de l'outil de serrage. Le patin comporte également des éléments (31) de maintien complémentaires liés aux éléments (2) de maintien de l'insert (1) du toilage. Le patin (3) intermédiaire comporte, par exemple, des rainures (31) dans lesquelles se positionnent les languettes (2) de l'insert (1) du toilage.In a nonlimiting manner, as shown in Figure 2, each insert (1) of the cloth according to the invention is associated with a not shown jaw or an intermediate shoe (3). The intermediate shoe (3) comprises, for example, two tabs (32) for fastening in a clamping tool the inserts (1) of the cloth coming against the abrasive cloth pressed against the workpiece. These two tabs are for example of rectangular section and are fixed in a hole of the same section of the clamping tool. The pad also comprises elements (31) for complementary support connected to the elements (2) for holding the insert (1) of the cloth. The intermediate shoe (3) comprises, for example, grooves (31) in which the tongues (2) of the insert (1) of the cloth are positioned.

Selon une variante de réalisation non représentée, les éléments de maintien du patin (3) intermédiaire, sont des trous de section ronde, associés à des tétons de l"insert (1) du toilage, de même section. Selon une autre variante, non représentée, les éléments de maintien du patin (3) intermédiaire sont des vis ou respectivement des trous filetés, associés à des trous filetés ou respectivement des vis, de l'insert (1) du toilage.According to an alternative embodiment not shown, the holding elements of the intermediate shoe (3) are round section holes, associated with nipples of the insert (1) of the wire, of the same section. shown, the holding elements of the intermediate shoe (3) are screws or respectively threaded holes, associated with threaded holes or screws respectively, of the insert (1) of the cloth.

Le patin intermédiaire comporte une ou plusieurs surfaces (S3a, S3b) de préhension. Ces surfaces (S3b ou respectivement S3a) de préhension sont orientées, par exemple, parallèlement ou respectivement perpendiculairement à l'axe (A). Le patin intermédiaire est par exemple tenu par une pince automatisée exerçant une force de préhension sur ces surfaces (S3a, S3b). De manière non limitative, les pattes (32) de fixation comportent des bords (B32) biseautés pour faciliter le centrage des pattes (3) de fixation dans l'outil de serrage.The intermediate pad has one or more gripping surfaces (S3a, S3b). These gripping surfaces (S3b or S3a) are oriented, for example, parallel or respectively perpendicular to the axis (A). The intermediate pad is for example held by an automated clamp exerting a gripping force on these surfaces (S3a, S3b). Without limitation, the fastening tabs (32) have edges (B32) beveled to facilitate the centering of the fastening lugs (3) in the clamping tool.

Dans un autre mode de réalisation, non représenté, les pattes de serrage sont des tétons cylindriques insérés dans des trous de même section de l'outil de serrage. De manière non limitative, l'extrémité des tétons est biseautée pour faciliter le centrage lors de l'insertion dans l'outil de serrage.In another embodiment, not shown, the clamping lugs are cylindrical pins inserted in holes of the same section of the clamping tool. In a nonlimiting manner, the end of the nipples is tapered to facilitate centering during insertion into the clamping tool.

Dans un autre mode de réalisation, non représenté, l'insert (1) de toilage est lié directement par ses éléments (2) de maintien, à des éléments de maintien complémentaires d'un outil de serrage, comme par exemple une mâchoire. Lors du renouvellement des inserts (1) de toilage selon l'invention, les inserts (1) de toilage sont séparés de l'outil de serrage et de nouveaux inserts (1) de toilage sont assemblés à l'outil de serrage.In another embodiment, not shown, the insert (1) of webbing is directly connected by its holding elements (2) to complementary holding elements of a clamping tool, such as a jaw. During the renewal of the inserts (1) of the cloth according to the invention, the inserts (1) of the cloth are separated from the clamping tool and new inserts (1) of cloth are assembled to the clamping tool.

La figure 3 représente un exemple de positionnement de trois patins (3) intermédiaires associés chacun à un insert (1) de toilage selon l'invention. Les patins (3) intermédiaires sont maintenus en place par un outil de serrage non représenté. L'outil de serrage est par exemple un bras mobile. La pièce à usiner, non représentée, est disposée selon son axe (A). L'ensemble des inserts (1) de toilage selon l'invention enveloppe la pièce à usiner, la toile abrasive étant disposée entre la pièce à usiner et les inserts de toilage.FIG. 3 represents an example of positioning of three intermediate runners (3) each associated with an insert (1) of wire cloth according to the invention. The intermediate shoes (3) are held in place by a not shown clamping tool. The clamping tool is for example a movable arm. The workpiece, not shown, is arranged along its axis (A). The set of inserts (1) of cloth according to the invention surrounds the workpiece, the abrasive cloth being disposed between the workpiece and the inserts of the cloth.

Dans un autre mode de réalisation, comme décrit dans la demande de brevet WO 95/21728 , les inserts (1) de toilage selon l'invention sont répartis dans deux mâchoires de serrage. Un bras associé à une mâchoire permet de réaliser l'usinage d'une surface cylindrique. Les inserts (1) de toilage selon l'invention sont réalisés de façon à s'adapter aux moyens de préhension d'une mâchoire.In another embodiment, as described in the patent application WO 95/21728 , the inserts (1) of cloth according to the invention are distributed in two clamping jaws. An arm associated with a jaw makes it possible to perform the machining of a cylindrical surface. The inserts (1) of the machine according to the invention are made to adapt to gripping means of a jaw.

De manière non limitative, l'outil de serrage est associé à un outil de mesure du diamètre de la surface cylindrique à usiner comme décrit dans la demande de brevet WO 95/21728 ou dans la demande de brevet EP 0 680 806 .Without limitation, the clamping tool is associated with a tool for measuring the diameter of the cylindrical surface to be machined as described in the patent application. WO 95/21728 or in the patent application EP 0 680 806 .

Une machine pour usiner des surfaces cylindriques comme par exemple des portées de vilebrequin, est équipée de manière non limitative d'un bras d'usinage ou d'une pluralité de bras d'usinage, comme décrit dans les documents cités dans l'art antérieur. Un bras d'usinage est utilisé pour réaliser l'usinage d'une surface cylindrique, par exemple une portée cylindrique d'un vilebrequin. De manière non limitative, chaque portée cylindrique d'un vilebrequin est, par exemple, associée à un bras afin de réaliser l'usinage de toutes les portées du vilebrequin simultanément.A machine for machining cylindrical surfaces, for example crankshaft bearings, is equipped in a nonlimiting manner with a machining arm or a plurality of machining arms, as described in FIGS. documents cited in the prior art. A machining arm is used to perform the machining of a cylindrical surface, for example a cylindrical bearing of a crankshaft. Without limitation, each cylindrical seat of a crankshaft is, for example, associated with an arm to perform the machining of all crankshaft bearings simultaneously.

Dans une variante de réalisation le bras est déplacé pour réaliser successivement l'usinage de portées cylindriques distinctes.In an alternative embodiment the arm is moved to successively perform the machining of distinct cylindrical bearing surfaces.

Chaque bras comporte un moyen de serrage exerçant une pression sur les inserts (1) de toilage contre la toile abrasive appuyée contre la surface cylindrique à usiner, par exemple une portée cylindrique de vilebrequin. Le moyen de serrage est par exemple une mâchoire supportant les inserts (1) du toilage, comme décrite dans la demande de brevet WO 95/21728 ou un support en U supportant un patin associé à deux mâchoires supportant un patin comme décrit dans la demande de brevet EP 0 680 806 .Each arm comprises a clamping means exerting a pressure on the inserts (1) of cloth against the abrasive cloth pressed against the cylindrical surface to be machined, for example a cylindrical crankshaft bearing. The clamping means is for example a jaw supporting the inserts (1) of the cloth, as described in the patent application. WO 95/21728 or a U-shaped support supporting a shoe associated with two jaws supporting a shoe as described in the patent application EP 0 680 806 .

Dans des variantes de réalisation, une pluralité de patins, par exemple quatre ou plus, supportant chacun un insert (1) de toilage selon l'invention, sont pressés contre la toile abrasive appuyée contre la pièce à usiner par des moyens de serrage.In alternative embodiments, a plurality of pads, for example four or more, each supporting an insert (1) of cloth according to the invention, are pressed against the abrasive cloth pressed against the workpiece by clamping means.

De manière non limitative, les patins sont mobiles par rapport à la pièce à usiner, selon un ou plusieurs axes de rotation ou de translation. Un patin (3) est, de manière non limitative, mobile en rotation selon un axe de rotation parallèle à l'axe (A) de la pièce à usiner. Selon un exemple de réalisation, un patin (3) est mobile en rotation selon un axe de rotation perpendiculaire à l'axe (A) de la pièce à usiner et passant par cet axe (A). Selon un exemple de réalisation, un patin (3) est mobile en translation selon un axe perpendiculaire à l'axe (A) de la pièce à usiner et passant par cet axe. De manière non limitative, un patin (3) a plusieurs degrés de liberté, permettant un positionnement précis par rapport à la pièce à usiner.In a nonlimiting manner, the pads are movable relative to the workpiece, along one or more axes of rotation or translation. A shoe (3) is, in a nonlimiting manner, rotatable about an axis of rotation parallel to the axis (A) of the workpiece. According to an exemplary embodiment, a pad (3) is rotatable along an axis of rotation perpendicular to the axis (A) of the workpiece and passing through this axis (A). According to an exemplary embodiment, a shoe (3) is movable in translation along an axis perpendicular to the axis (A) of the workpiece and passing through this axis. In a nonlimiting manner, a pad (3) has several degrees of freedom, allowing precise positioning with respect to the workpiece.

Un cycle d'usinage débute par le serrage des inserts (1) de toilage selon l'invention, en pressant de cette façon la toile abrasive contre la pièce à usiner. Puis la pièce à usiner est mise en mouvement par rapport aux inserts (1) de toilage , de manière non limitative selon un mouvement relatif de rotation selon l'axe de la surface à usiner ou un mouvement en translation, de va et vient, selon l'axe de la surface à usiner ou selon une combinaison des ces deux mouvements. Le cycle se poursuit par l'arrêt du mouvement relatif de la pièce à usiner par rapport aux inserts (1) du toilage. Puis le dispositif de serrage est commandé de façon à supprimer le serrage des inserts (1) du toilage, et donc de la toile abrasive contre la surface à usiner. L'usinage de la surface est alors réalisé, selon un usinage de la forme et selon un usinage de l'état de surface. L'enlèvement de matière réalisant l'usinage de la forme est réalisé par la partie de la toile abrasive pressée par la couche dure de l'insert, par exemple en corindon. L'usinage de l'état de surface est par exemple réalisé par la partie de toile abrasive pressée contre une couche plus tendre, par exemple en courbhane. La toile abrasive est ensuite renouvelée partiellement selon un indexage déterminé ou complètement. Le renouvellement est réalisé, de manière non limitative, de façon automatique. De manière non limitative, une nouvelle pièce est ensuite usinée de la même façon.A machining cycle begins with the tightening of the inserts (1) of cloth according to the invention, by pressing in this way the abrasive cloth against the workpiece. Then the workpiece is set in motion relative to the inserts (1) of cloth, in a non-limiting manner according to a relative rotational movement according to the axis of the surface to be machined or a movement in translation, back and forth, along the axis of the surface to be machined or a combination of these two movements. The cycle continues by stopping the relative movement of the workpiece relative to the inserts (1) of the wire. Then the clamping device is controlled so as to eliminate the tightening of the inserts (1) of the cloth, and therefore of the abrasive cloth against the surface to be machined. The machining of the surface is then performed, according to a machining of the form and according to a machining of the surface state. The removal of material performing the machining of the shape is performed by the portion of the abrasive cloth pressed by the hard layer of the insert, for example corundum. The machining of the surface condition is, for example, carried out by the part of the abrasive cloth pressed against a softer layer, for example in a curvane. The abrasive cloth is then renewed partially according to a determined indexing or completely. Renewal is performed, without limitation, automatically. In a nonlimiting manner, a new part is then machined in the same way.

Selon un mode de réalisation, après un nombre déterminé de cycles d'usinage, les patins (3) intermédiaires, associés chacun à un insert (1) usé, sont retirés et remplacés chacun par un patin (3) associé à un insert de toilage (1) non usé. De manière non limitative, l'insert usé est séparé du patin(3) intermédiaire et remplacé par un insert de toilage (1) non usé, de façon à ce que le patin (3) soit réutilisé ultérieurement.According to one embodiment, after a determined number of machining cycles, the intermediate pads (3), each associated with a worn insert (1), are removed and each replaced by a pad (3) associated with a cloth insert (1) not worn. In a nonlimiting manner, the worn insert is separated from the intermediate shoe (3) and replaced by an unused cloth insert (1), so that the shoe (3) is reused later.

Selon un mode de réalisation, pour l'usinage d'un vilebrequin, une pluralité d'outils de serrage serrent chacun une portée du vilebrequin pour réaliser simultanément l'usinage d'une pluralité de portées du vilebrequin.According to one embodiment, for machining a crankshaft, a plurality of clamping tools each tighten a crankshaft bearing to simultaneously perform the machining of a plurality of crankshaft bearing surfaces.

Le cycle d'usinage de la forme et de l'état de surface est donc plus court. Selon l'art antérieur un cycle de toilage avec des inserts durs est en effet suivi d'un cycle de toilage avec des inserts tendres. Deux machines opérant l'une à la suite de l'autre ou un cycle plus long comportant un changement d'insert sont alors nécessaires. Au contraire, dans la présente invention, la combinaison d'au moins deux matériaux de duretés différentes, n'implique qu'un seul cycle d'usinage.The machining cycle of the shape and the surface condition is therefore shorter. According to the prior art a cycle of washing with hard inserts is indeed followed by a cycle of washing with soft inserts. Two machines operating one after the other or a longer cycle with a change of insert are then necessary. On the contrary, in the present invention, the combination of at least two materials of different hardness involves only one machining cycle.

Par ailleurs, si la couche dure de l'insert assure un enlèvement de matière important, et des corrections de forme (de manière non limitative en termes de rectitude, cylindricité, circularité ou facettes). La couche, la plus tendre assure une haute qualité superficielle, même concernant les trous de graissage des paliers de vilebrequins, et limite le glissement relatif entre la toile abrasive et la surface de l'insert.Moreover, if the hard layer of the insert ensures a significant removal of material, and corrections of shape (in a non-limiting manner in terms of straightness, cylindricity, circularity or facets). The softer layer provides a high surface quality, even with respect to the grease holes of the crankshaft bearings, and limits the relative sliding between the abrasive cloth and the surface of the insert.

L'usinage de la forme ou de l'état de surface, génère des copeaux. Les copeaux sont évacués au niveau des zones sur lesquelles aucun insert (1) de toilage n'applique de pression. Selon un mode de réalisation, une segmentation est réalisée, comme représentée à la figure 4. La segmentation de l'insert (1) de toilage est la réalisation de rainures (F) dans l'insert (1) du toilage. Les rainures (F) sont, de manière non limitative, parallèles à l'axe de la pièce à usiner ou selon un plan oblique par rapport à cet axe. La segmentation facilite d'une part la fabrication des inserts (1) de toilage selon l'invention et d'autre part la segmentation facilite l'évacuation des copeaux lors de l'usinage.The machining of the shape or surface condition generates chips. The chips are evacuated at the level of the areas on which no insert (1) of clothage applies pressure. According to one embodiment, a segmentation is performed, as shown in Figure 4. The segmentation of the insert (1) of the wire is the realization of grooves (F) in the insert (1) of the wire. The grooves (F) are, without limitation, parallel to the axis of the workpiece or in an oblique plane relative to this axis. Segmentation facilitates firstly the manufacture of the inserts (1) of cloth according to the invention and secondly the segmentation facilitates the evacuation of chips during machining.

Dans une variante, comme représenté à la figure 5, l'insert (1) de toilage selon l'invention est segmenté par deux rainures (F) partageant la surface de contact en trois sous surfaces, chacune traversée par une bande diagonale d'un premier matériau, par exemple en corindon, le restant étant réalisé dans un deuxième matériau, par exemple du courbhane.In a variant, as represented in FIG. 5, the reinforcement insert (1) according to the invention is segmented by two grooves (F) sharing the contact surface in three sub-surfaces, each traversed by a diagonal band of one first material, for example corundum, the remainder being made in a second material, for example, flux.

Dans une variante les positions du matériau le plus dur et du matériau le plus tendre sont inversées. Différentes configurations géométriques sont possibles. Le choix des duretés des deux matériaux détermine l'enlèvement de matière et l'état de surface de la portée cylindrique finie.In a variant, the positions of the hardest material and the softest material are reversed. Different geometrical configurations are possible. The choice of the hardnesses of the two materials determines the removal of material and the surface condition of the finished cylindrical surface.

Il doit être évident pour les personnes versées dans l'art que la présente invention permet des modes de réalisation sous de nombreuses autres formes spécifiques sans l'éloigner du domaine d'application de l'invention comme revendiqué. Par conséquent, les présents modes de réalisation doivent être considérés à titre d'illustration, mais peuvent être modifiés dans le domaine défini par la portée des revendications jointes, et l'invention ne doit pas être limitée aux détails donnés ci-dessus.It should be obvious to those skilled in the art that the present invention allows embodiments in many other specific forms without departing from the scope of the invention as claimed. Therefore, the present embodiments should be considered by way of illustration, but may be modified within the scope defined by the scope of the appended claims, and the invention should not be limited to the details given above.

Claims (14)

Insert de toilage dans une machine d'usinage de finition d'une surface à usiner cylindrique d'axe (A) déterminé appartenant à une pièce, la machine comprenant des moyens de serrage d'une pluralité d'inserts de toilage pressant une toile abrasive appuyée contre la surface à usiner et des moyens d'animer d'un mouvement relatif de rotation selon l'axe (A) déterminé et/ou de translation selon l'axe (A) déterminé, la pièce par rapport aux inserts de toilage, caractérisé en ce que l'insert (1) de toilage comprend au moins une surface (S1) de contact avec la toile abrasive, pour réaliser lors d'une même opération un usinage de la forme et un usinage de l'état de surface, la dite surface étant concave, composée d'au moins une première matière ayant une première dureté déterminée pour réaliser un usinage de la forme et une deuxième matière ayant une deuxième dureté déterminée pour réaliser un usinage de l'état de surface.Cloth insert in a machining finishing machine of a cylindrical machining surface of a given axis (A) belonging to a workpiece, the machine comprising means for clamping a plurality of cloth inserts pressing an abrasive cloth pressed against the surface to be machined and means to animate a relative rotational movement along the axis (A) determined and / or translation along the axis (A) determined, the piece relative to the inserts of the cloth, characterized in that the insert (1) comprises at least one surface (S1) of contact with the abrasive cloth, for performing in one and the same operation a machining of the shape and a machining of the surface state, said surface being concave, composed of at least a first material having a first hardness determined to perform a machining of the form and a second material having a second hardness determined to perform machining of the surface condition. Insert de toilage selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la première matière contient du corindon et/ou du diamant et la deuxième matière contient du courbhane.Cloth insert according to claim 1, characterized in that the first material contains corundum and / or diamond and the second material contains flux. Insert de toilage selon une des revendications 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce qu'une bande (S1 a) de largeur déterminée s'étend sur la surface (S1) de contact avec la toile abrasive, la bande (S1a) étant constituée par la première matière, les côtés de la bande étant parallèles à un plan (P) oblique par rapport à l'axe déterminé.Cloth insert according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that a web (S1 a) of a given width extends over the abrasive cloth contact surface (S1), the web (S1a) being constituted by the first material, the sides of the strip being parallel to a plane (P) oblique with respect to the determined axis. Insert de toilage selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que la partie (S1 b) de la surface (S1) non couverte par la bande (S1 a) est constituée par la deuxième matière.Cloth insert according to Claim 3, characterized in that the part (S1 b) of the surface (S1) not covered by the web (S1 a) is constituted by the second material. Insert de toilage selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que la surface (S1) de contact, avec la toile abrasive, est quasiment en portion de cylindre de même axe (A) et de même rayon que la surface cylindrique à usiner, la surface (S1) de contact est délimitée par quatre côtés formés par deux segments parallèles et de part et d'autre de l'axe (A) déterminé et deux arcs de cercle chacun relié aux extrémités des segments et dont le centre appartient à l'axe (A) déterminé, la bande (S1a) constituée par la première matière reliant deux coins opposés de la surface (S1) de contact.Cloth insert according to Claim 4, characterized in that the contact surface (S1) with the abrasive cloth is almost in the same axis (A) cylinder portion and of the same radius as the cylindrical surface to be machined. (S1) is delimited by four sides formed by two parallel segments and on either side of the axis (A) determined and two arcs of circle each connected to the ends of the segments and whose center belongs to the axis (A) determined, the band (S1a) constituted by the first material connecting two opposite corners of the surface (S1) of contact. Insert de toilage selon la revendication 4 ou 5, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend une pluralité de surfaces de contact avec la toile abrasive, séparées entre elles par au moins une rainure (F) d'évacuation des copeaux.Cloth insert according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that it comprises a plurality of contact surfaces with the abrasive cloth separated from each other by at least one chip removal groove (F). Insert de toilage selon une des revendications 4 à 6, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte des moyens (2) de maintien sur une face opposée à la surface (S1) de contact.Cloth insert according to one of Claims 4 to 6, characterized in that it comprises means (2) for holding on a face opposite to the contact surface (S1). Insert de toilage selon la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce qu'il est lié par ses moyens (2) de maintien complémentaires à un patin (3) intermédiaire, le patin (3) intermédiaire comportant des moyens (32) de fixation aux moyens de serrage.Cloth insert according to Claim 7, characterized in that it is connected by its complementary holding means (2) to an intermediate shoe (3), the intermediate shoe (3) comprising means (32) for fastening to the means of Tightening. Insert de toilage selon la revendication 8, caractérisé en ce que ses moyens de maintien comprennent des languettes (2) et les moyens de maintien du patin (3) intermédiaire comprennent des rainures (31).Cloth insert according to claim 8, characterized in that its holding means comprise tabs (2) and the means for holding the intermediate shoe (3) comprise grooves (31). Insert de toilage selon la revendication 9, caractérisé en ce que les languettes (2) et les rainures (31) sont délimitées par des arrêtes en arc de cercle dont le centre appartient à l'axe (A) déterminé.Cloth insert according to claim 9, characterized in that the tongues (2) and the grooves (31) are delimited by arches in an arc whose center belongs to the determined axis (A). Insert de toilage selon la revendication 8, caractérisé en ce que ses moyens de maintien comprennent des trous comportant un filetage et les moyens de maintien du patin (3) intermédiaire comprennent des vis.Cloth insert according to claim 8, characterized in that its holding means comprise holes having a thread and the means for holding the intermediate shoe (3) comprise screws. Utilisation de l'insert de toilage selon la revendication 7, caractérisée en ce que chaque insert (1) de toilage est lié par ses moyens de maintien (2) aux moyens de serrage et est remplacé périodiquement par un insert similaire non usé.Use of the cloth insert according to claim 7, characterized in that each insert (1) of cloth is bonded by its holding means (2) to the clamping means and is replaced periodically by a similar unused insert. Utilisation d'un insert de toilage selon une des revendications 8 à 11, caractérisée en ce que chaque patin (3) et son insert (1) associé sont remplacés périodiquement par un patin (3) similaire associé à un insert (1) similaire non usé.Use of a cloth insert according to one of Claims 8 to 11, characterized in that each shoe (3) and its associated insert (1) are periodically replaced by a similar shoe (3) associated with a similar non-worn insert (1). Utilisation selon la revendication 13, caractérisée en ce que le patin (3) et son insert (1) usé sont séparés, un insert (1) de toilage similaire non usé étant de nouveau associé au patin (3) pour une utilisation ultérieure.Use according to claim 13, characterized in that the pad (3) and its worn insert (1) are separated, and a similar non-worn cloth insert (1) is again associated with the pad (3) for later use.
EP07300967A 2006-05-29 2007-04-20 Multi-material fabric insert Ceased EP1862257B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0604752A FR2901500B1 (en) 2006-05-29 2006-05-29 INSERT FOR MULTI-MATERIAL GARMENT

Publications (2)

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EP1862257A1 true EP1862257A1 (en) 2007-12-05
EP1862257B1 EP1862257B1 (en) 2010-06-09

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EP07300967A Ceased EP1862257B1 (en) 2006-05-29 2007-04-20 Multi-material fabric insert

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EP (1) EP1862257B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE470535T1 (en)
DE (1) DE602007007012D1 (en)
FR (1) FR2901500B1 (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9505989B2 (en) 2011-11-08 2016-11-29 Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company Processing a hydrocarbon stream using supercritical water

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2327510B1 (en) * 2009-11-25 2011-07-06 Supfina Grieshaber GmbH & Co. KG Finishing device

Citations (4)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1958056A1 (en) * 1969-11-19 1971-05-27 Nagel Wolf Honing tool for external honing
EP0138237A1 (en) * 1983-07-20 1985-04-24 HS VEGLIO S.r.l. Improvements in diamond-set segments and inserts
WO1995021728A1 (en) * 1992-05-20 1995-08-17 Barton Kenneth A Ii Method and apparatus for correcting diametrical taper on a workpiece
GB2310626A (en) * 1996-03-01 1997-09-03 Nagel Masch Werkzeug Device for the finishing of workpieces

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1958056A1 (en) * 1969-11-19 1971-05-27 Nagel Wolf Honing tool for external honing
EP0138237A1 (en) * 1983-07-20 1985-04-24 HS VEGLIO S.r.l. Improvements in diamond-set segments and inserts
WO1995021728A1 (en) * 1992-05-20 1995-08-17 Barton Kenneth A Ii Method and apparatus for correcting diametrical taper on a workpiece
GB2310626A (en) * 1996-03-01 1997-09-03 Nagel Masch Werkzeug Device for the finishing of workpieces

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9505989B2 (en) 2011-11-08 2016-11-29 Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company Processing a hydrocarbon stream using supercritical water

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP1862257B1 (en) 2010-06-09
DE602007007012D1 (en) 2010-07-22
FR2901500A1 (en) 2007-11-30
FR2901500B1 (en) 2009-02-06
ATE470535T1 (en) 2010-06-15

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