EP1856471B1 - The device offers a means for automatic calibration of an optical sight for firearms, by firing one round only - Google Patents

The device offers a means for automatic calibration of an optical sight for firearms, by firing one round only Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1856471B1
EP1856471B1 EP05790214.0A EP05790214A EP1856471B1 EP 1856471 B1 EP1856471 B1 EP 1856471B1 EP 05790214 A EP05790214 A EP 05790214A EP 1856471 B1 EP1856471 B1 EP 1856471B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
hairs
cross
microprocessor
digital camera
image frame
Prior art date
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Active
Application number
EP05790214.0A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1856471A1 (en
EP1856471A4 (en
Inventor
Gert I. Johansson
Göran M. Backlund
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Saab AB
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Saab AB
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Publication of EP1856471A4 publication Critical patent/EP1856471A4/en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41G—WEAPON SIGHTS; AIMING
    • F41G1/00—Sighting devices
    • F41G1/54—Devices for testing or checking ; Tools for adjustment of sights
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41G—WEAPON SIGHTS; AIMING
    • F41G3/00—Aiming or laying means
    • F41G3/32—Devices for testing or checking
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41G—WEAPON SIGHTS; AIMING
    • F41G3/00—Aiming or laying means
    • F41G3/32—Devices for testing or checking
    • F41G3/323—Devices for testing or checking for checking the angle between the muzzle axis of the gun and a reference axis, e.g. the axis of the associated sighting device

Definitions

  • the device offers a means for automatic calibration of an optical sight for firearms, by firing one round only.
  • a firearm equipped with an optical sight typically a riflescope
  • an optical sight typically a riflescope
  • Several rounds are usually needed for a successful calibration.
  • Hunters then usually fire a couple of high priced soft point rounds to confirm the calibration.
  • the device described in this application offers shooters the possibility of getting the optical sight (riflescope) automatically calibrated, by firing one round only, at a defined target.
  • US 6 363 223 B1 describes the use of a digital camera together with an optical sight.
  • US 6 363 223 B1 describes a solution with the purpose to photograph the target during shooting/hunting, or eventually totally eliminating the traditional optical sight, using the camera for both photography and sighting.
  • the current innovation describes the use of a digital camera in conjunction with an optical sight offering a new function; the purpose is to achieve a fully automatic calibration of the hair-cross element (mechanical or digital) in an optical sight.
  • US 6 363 223 B1 describes that information about distance to target and speed of the ammunition is required in order to fine tune the digital camera as a sight.
  • the current innovation need no such data, and still offers an automatic calibration.
  • US 5 375 072 A comprises a computerized device with rangefinder, the purpose being ballistic trajectory compensation of small arms.
  • US 5 375 072 A offers ballistic trajectory compensation for a large variety of parameters, but again, it is based on other means for its embodiment than image analysis - which is a key technology of this invention.
  • US 5 375 072 A is based on a large number of measured parameters and compensation is then theoretically calculated. In this patent no such data is needed and the compensation is derived from image analysis only, and the optical sight is adjusted.
  • GB 2 241 312 A describes adjusting an optical sighting telescope. However in GB 2 241 312 A a laser beam is relied on to determine the error, while this innovation uses no such technique, but image analysis. In GB 2 241 312 A the laser rangefinder needs to be very precisely mounted to function correctly. In this invention we rely on feedback from the actual bullet hole, and consequently we need no information about parameters like distance and ballistic trajectory.
  • cross-hairs is meant all existing variants of optical sights.
  • the calibration sequence is described by the following instruction to the shooter:
  • the microprocessor and camera start up.
  • the camera immediately starts taking frames (with a typical interval between frames of 40 ms) and stores them in a FIFO queue (First In, First Out).
  • the microprocessor detects that a round has been fired when the target suddenly disappears from the view (it happens very fast; i.e. from one frame to the other).
  • an embedded sensor can be used to register this event.
  • the last exposure before the shot is stored for later analysis; the edges of the white target area are identified by contrast with the darker background.
  • the shooter After firing the round, the shooter resumes the aiming position while the camera continues to take frames and to store them in the FIFO queue.
  • the best frame after firing is identified and is then compared with the best frame before firing.
  • the bullet-hole position on the target is identified by variation in contrast (black dot on the white surface).
  • the microprocessor calculates the needed adjustment. This means both horizontal and vertical adjustments in "clicks", to align the bullet hole with the cross-hairs. Since the cross-hairs position is determined relative to the target in the entire field of view - both before and after firing the round - the needed adjustment can be calculated independent of range and riflescope magnification. (However, the target must not be moved and that the shooter must not change position during the calibration procedure).
  • the servo motors are then activated so that the adjustment screws are turned the needed number of "clicks" in both horizontal and vertical directions.
  • a beam-splitter (1) lets the shooter and the image processing system view the same scene.
  • the image is fed into a camera (2) (e.g. a CCD camera) for registration.
  • a microprocessor with sufficient memory and software (3) analyzes the image and determines the error (i.e. calculates the need for calibration).
  • Servo motors (4) with gears (5) can be used to operate the adjustment screws and the traditional mechanical cross-hair element (9).
  • a switch is used to initiate the automatic calibration sequence (6).
  • Lamps (8) (e.g. diodes) indicate the calibration result.
  • the device is powered by a built-in or external electrical power source (7).
  • the variants can also be implemented as semi-automatic devices for adjustment of mechanical cross-hairs.
  • the device presents the shooter with information about the needed number of clicks, both in horizontal and vertical directions, to achieve alignment between the cross-hairs and the bullet hole.
  • the shooter then carries out the adjustment manually according to the information. (The information can be projected via the semi-transparent mirror onto the viewfinder).

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)
  • Telescopes (AREA)

Description

    Technical field
  • The device offers a means for automatic calibration of an optical sight for firearms, by firing one round only.
    • Background of the Invention
  • To zero-in, or calibrate, a firearm equipped with an optical sight, typically a riflescope, is usually a tedious and to some extent error prone procedure. Several rounds are usually needed for a successful calibration. Hunters then usually fire a couple of high priced soft point rounds to confirm the calibration.
  • The device described in this application offers shooters the possibility of getting the optical sight (riflescope) automatically calibrated, by firing one round only, at a defined target.
  • - US 6 363 223 B1 describes the use of a digital camera together with an optical sight. However US 6 363 223 B1 , describes a solution with the purpose to photograph the target during shooting/hunting, or eventually totally eliminating the traditional optical sight, using the camera for both photography and sighting.
  • The current innovation describes the use of a digital camera in conjunction with an optical sight offering a new function; the purpose is to achieve a fully automatic calibration of the hair-cross element (mechanical or digital) in an optical sight. US 6 363 223 B1 describes that information about distance to target and speed of the ammunition is required in order to fine tune the digital camera as a sight. The current innovation need no such data, and still offers an automatic calibration.
  • US 5 375 072 A comprises a computerized device with rangefinder, the purpose being ballistic trajectory compensation of small arms. US 5 375 072 A offers ballistic trajectory compensation for a large variety of parameters, but again, it is based on other means for its embodiment than image analysis - which is a key technology of this invention. US 5 375 072 A is based on a large number of measured parameters and compensation is then theoretically calculated. In this patent no such data is needed and the compensation is derived from image analysis only, and the optical sight is adjusted.
  • GB 2 241 312 A describes adjusting an optical sighting telescope. However in GB 2 241 312 A a laser beam is relied on to determine the error, while this innovation uses no such technique, but image analysis. In GB 2 241 312 A the laser rangefinder needs to be very precisely mounted to function correctly. In this invention we rely on feedback from the actual bullet hole, and consequently we need no information about parameters like distance and ballistic trajectory.
    • Summary of the Invention
  • By cross-hairs is meant all existing variants of optical sights.
  • The calibration sequence is described by the following instruction to the shooter:
    • Arrange a target (typically: a white square surface against a dark background) and assume firing position at the range for which the firearm is to be calibrated.
    • Initiate the calibrating function by pressing the switch.
    • Aim & fire a round at the target.
    • After firing the round, aim again at the target and identify the bullet hole visually.
    • Hold the cross-hairs steady at the target, when the green lamp lights up - the calibration is successful. If the red lamp lights up, repeat the sequence.
    • The calibrating function is shut off by pressing the switch again.
  • Function: When the calibration procedure is initiated by the switch, the microprocessor and camera start up. The camera immediately starts taking frames (with a typical interval between frames of 40 ms) and stores them in a FIFO queue (First In, First Out).
  • The microprocessor detects that a round has been fired when the target suddenly disappears from the view (it happens very fast; i.e. from one frame to the other). Alternatively an embedded sensor can be used to register this event.
  • The last exposure before the shot is stored for later analysis; the edges of the white target area are identified by contrast with the darker background.
  • After firing the round, the shooter resumes the aiming position while the camera continues to take frames and to store them in the FIFO queue. The best frame after firing is identified and is then compared with the best frame before firing. The bullet-hole position on the target is identified by variation in contrast (black dot on the white surface).
  • While the shooter holds the cross-hairs on the target, the microprocessor calculates the needed adjustment. This means both horizontal and vertical adjustments in "clicks", to align the bullet hole with the cross-hairs. Since the cross-hairs position is determined relative to the target in the entire field of view - both before and after firing the round - the needed adjustment can be calculated independent of range and riflescope magnification. (However, the target must not be moved and that the shooter must not change position during the calibration procedure).
  • The servo motors are then activated so that the adjustment screws are turned the needed number of "clicks" in both horizontal and vertical directions. A green lamp lights up as an indication of a successful calibration. If the identification of the bullet-hole fails, a red lamp lights up, and the procedure needs to be repeated (a possible cause for failure might be that the bullet has missed the target).
  • When the shooter finally presses the switch again, the calibration system is shut down (power off).
  • As can be seen from the above procedure the current innovation relies solely on image analysis by means of digital image processing, to determine the error.
    • Brief Description of the Drawings
    • Fig.1. shows a traditional optical sight for firearms.
    • Fig.2. shows a fully digital optical sight with a display in the viewfinder.
    Detailed Description
  • To achieve an automatic calibration of an optical sight for firearms, a traditional optical sight needs the following additional items, se Figure 1. A beam-splitter (1) lets the shooter and the image processing system view the same scene. The image is fed into a camera (2) (e.g. a CCD camera) for registration. A microprocessor with sufficient memory and software (3) analyzes the image and determines the error (i.e. calculates the need for calibration). Servo motors (4) with gears (5) can be used to operate the adjustment screws and the traditional mechanical cross-hair element (9). A switch is used to initiate the automatic calibration sequence (6). Lamps (8) (e.g. diodes) indicate the calibration result. The device is powered by a built-in or external electrical power source (7).
  • Alternative arrangements: The implementation of the device can be adjusted to the desired level of technology and automization as follows:
    1. 1. Traditional optical sight using a semi-transparent mirror with no moving parts (1).
      This can be implemented using an electrically controlled electro-chromic film (EC film) placed in the line of sight. When powered, the EC film works as a semi-transparent mirror.
    2. 2. Traditional optical sight, splitting the beam using a moving semi-transparent mirror (1).
      This can be implemented by a mechanically operated semi-transparent mirror. The mirror is moved between bi-stable positions by a lever on the outside of the sight, locked by form and/or friction.
    3. 3. Fully digital optical sight with traditional fixed or zoom lens for riflescopes, and a display in the viewfinder. Mechanical cross-hairs are not needed.
      This can be implemented by a camera (2) placed directly in the line of sight, a microprocessor with memory and software (3), and a display (10) (typically a LCD - Liquid Crystal Display) in the viewfinder instead of a conventional lens. In this case the need for indicator lamps is eliminated since the calibration result can be displayed directly on the display. The switch (6) and power source (7) are still needed. In this variant the camera view is presented together with the cross-hairs as an all digital picture on the display. This fully eliminates the need for a mechanical adjustment of the cross-hairs, see sketch in figure 2. The calibration procedure is carried out as described above.
    4. 4. A separate device attached to a traditional optical sight. The separate device contains a camera and microprocessor and includes servo motors to be mounted onto the existing adjustment screws. This variant can be used together with traditional sights without any modification, whenever a calibration is needed.
  • The variants can also be implemented as semi-automatic devices for adjustment of mechanical cross-hairs. The device then presents the shooter with information about the needed number of clicks, both in horizontal and vertical directions, to achieve alignment between the cross-hairs and the bullet hole. The shooter then carries out the adjustment manually according to the information. (The information can be projected via the semi-transparent mirror onto the viewfinder).

Claims (9)

  1. Device for the automatic calibration of mechanical cross-hairs (9) in an optical sight for firearms, when a shooter shoots a bullet at a defined target said device being assembled together with the sight, or provided as an attached separate device, said device including :
    a digital camera (2) registering image frames,
    a beam-splitter (1) placed in the line of sight,
    electronically controlled servo motors (4) for adjustment of the mechanical cross-hairs (9), and
    a microprocessor adapted to perform the following steps to achieve the automatic calibration of the cross-hairs (9):
    storing the last image frame before the shot
    determining the position of the cross-hairs (9) relative to the target on said last image frame before the shot identify the position of the bullet hole on the target on an image frame registered by the digital camera (2) after the shot
    calculating the needed adjustment to align the cross-hairs (9) with the bullet hole,
    controlling the servo motors to execute the adjustment of the cross hairs
  2. Device according to claim 1, wherein the microprocessor (3) manages image frame sampling and stores the image frames in a buffer memory at a rate of 25 - 30 image frames per second according to the principle of first in, first out.
  3. Device according to claim 1, wherein the microprocessor (3) is designed to detect the firing moment, by image analysis, or alternatively by means of a separate sensor, and thereby, from the fifo-queue, selecting the last image frame obtained immediately before the firing moment.
  4. Device according to claim 1, wherein the microprocessor (3) is designed to indicate system status and calibration result.
  5. Device according to claim 2, wherein the microprocessor (3) is set up for saving the best image from the film sequence of the detection of the projectile impact point after firing.
  6. Device according to claim 1, wherein the beam-splitter (1) comprises a semi-transparent optical component (1), such as a mirror, splitting off a fraction of the light beam to the digital camera (2).
  7. Device according to claim 6, wherein the beam splitter (1) can be turned away from the line of sight at regular weapon use.
  8. Device according to claim 1, wherein the servo motors (4) are equipped with suitable reduction gearing (5) and provide great torque and precision, and are irreversible in order to maintain the calibrated position without the need for active control.
  9. Device for the automatic calibration of cross-hairs in a digital optical sight for firearms, when a shooter shoots a bullet at a defined target, comprising:
    a digital camera (2) registering image frames for the registration of the optical sight image
    a microprocessor with memory and software
    a display (10) for the direct presentation of the image frames registered by the digital camera (2) and for the presentation by software of non-mechanical cross-hairs,
    wherein the microprocessor is adapted to perform the following steps to achieve the automatic calibration of the cross-hairs:
    storing the last image frame registered by the digital camera (2) before the shot,
    determining the position of the cross-hairs relative to the target on said last image frame before the shot
    identify the position of the bullet hole on the target on an image frame registered by the digital camera (2) after the shot
    calculating the needed adjustment to align the cross-hairs (9) with the bullet hole, and
    executing and presenting the adjustment on the display as a displacement of the cross hairs on the display.
EP05790214.0A 2004-10-13 2005-10-10 The device offers a means for automatic calibration of an optical sight for firearms, by firing one round only Active EP1856471B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SE0402472A SE0402472L (en) 2004-10-13 2004-10-13 Device for automatic setting of optical sight for firearms
PCT/SE2005/001488 WO2006041386A1 (en) 2004-10-13 2005-10-10 The device offers a means for automatic calibration of an optical sight for firearms, by firing one round only

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1856471A1 EP1856471A1 (en) 2007-11-21
EP1856471A4 EP1856471A4 (en) 2009-11-11
EP1856471B1 true EP1856471B1 (en) 2013-08-14

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EP05790214.0A Active EP1856471B1 (en) 2004-10-13 2005-10-10 The device offers a means for automatic calibration of an optical sight for firearms, by firing one round only

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US (1) US20100251593A1 (en)
EP (1) EP1856471B1 (en)
ES (1) ES2431612T3 (en)
SE (1) SE0402472L (en)
WO (1) WO2006041386A1 (en)

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DE102014009401A1 (en) * 2014-06-24 2016-01-07 Enno Reimann Shooting Training System (STS)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
SE0402472D0 (en) 2004-10-13
ES2431612T3 (en) 2013-11-27
SE526742C2 (en) 2005-11-01
US20100251593A1 (en) 2010-10-07
SE0402472L (en) 2005-11-01
EP1856471A1 (en) 2007-11-21
WO2006041386A1 (en) 2006-04-20
EP1856471A4 (en) 2009-11-11

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