EP1856233A1 - Noise reduction additive - Google Patents
Noise reduction additiveInfo
- Publication number
- EP1856233A1 EP1856233A1 EP06709875A EP06709875A EP1856233A1 EP 1856233 A1 EP1856233 A1 EP 1856233A1 EP 06709875 A EP06709875 A EP 06709875A EP 06709875 A EP06709875 A EP 06709875A EP 1856233 A1 EP1856233 A1 EP 1856233A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- compressor
- additive
- phosphate ester
- refrigeration system
- around
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 73
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 62
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- -1 phosphate ester Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 74
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 claims description 20
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 16
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- YSMRWXYRXBRSND-UHFFFAOYSA-N TOTP Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1OP(=O)(OC=1C(=CC=CC=1)C)OC1=CC=CC=C1C YSMRWXYRXBRSND-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- XZZNDPSIHUTMOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenyl phosphate Chemical class C=1C=CC=CC=1OP(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1 XZZNDPSIHUTMOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- KOWVWXQNQNCRRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(2,4-dimethylphenyl) phosphate Chemical compound CC1=CC(C)=CC=C1OP(=O)(OC=1C(=CC(C)=CC=1)C)OC1=CC=C(C)C=C1C KOWVWXQNQNCRRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 3
- LIPMRGQQBZJCTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(2-propan-2-ylphenyl) phosphate Chemical compound CC(C)C1=CC=CC=C1OP(=O)(OC=1C(=CC=CC=1)C(C)C)OC1=CC=CC=C1C(C)C LIPMRGQQBZJCTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 description 11
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 7
- 150000003014 phosphoric acid esters Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 6
- LVGUZGTVOIAKKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane Chemical compound FCC(F)(F)F LVGUZGTVOIAKKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000003879 lubricant additive Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- OHMHBGPWCHTMQE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2-dichloro-1,1,1-trifluoroethane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(Cl)Cl OHMHBGPWCHTMQE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000004996 alkyl benzenes Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000007866 anti-wear additive Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000002939 deleterious effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- RWRIWBAIICGTTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N difluoromethane Chemical compound FCF RWRIWBAIICGTTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 3
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-pentane Natural products CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UJPMYEOUBPIPHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1-trifluoroethane Chemical compound CC(F)(F)F UJPMYEOUBPIPHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NPNPZTNLOVBDOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-difluoroethane Chemical compound CC(F)F NPNPZTNLOVBDOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000005690 diesters Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000004205 dimethyl polysiloxane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000011152 fibreglass Substances 0.000 description 2
- NNPPMTNAJDCUHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N isobutane Chemical compound CC(C)C NNPPMTNAJDCUHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- GTLACDSXYULKMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentafluoroethane Chemical compound FC(F)C(F)(F)F GTLACDSXYULKMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000435 poly(dimethylsiloxane) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001289 polyvinyl ether Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005587 bubbling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001273 butane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001309 chloro group Chemical group Cl* 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000539 dimer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000032050 esterification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005886 esterification reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003090 exacerbative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000003642 hunger Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001282 iso-butane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006078 metal deactivator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005555 metalworking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010705 motor oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butane Chemical compound CCCC IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SLCVBVWXLSEKPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N neopentyl glycol Chemical compound OCC(C)(C)CO SLCVBVWXLSEKPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940117969 neopentyl glycol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000007591 painting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentaerythritol Chemical compound OCC(CO)(CO)CO WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002989 phenols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229920001515 polyalkylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920013639 polyalphaolefin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000037351 starvation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005809 transesterification reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013638 trimer Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M171/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by purely physical criteria, e.g. containing as base-material, thickener or additive, ingredients which are characterised exclusively by their numerically specified physical properties, i.e. containing ingredients which are physically well-defined but for which the chemical nature is either unspecified or only very vaguely indicated
- C10M171/008—Lubricant compositions compatible with refrigerants
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M137/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing phosphorus
- C10M137/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing phosphorus having no phosphorus-to-carbon bond
- C10M137/04—Phosphate esters
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/28—Esters
- C10M2207/283—Esters of polyhydroxy compounds
- C10M2207/2835—Esters of polyhydroxy compounds used as base material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
- C10M2223/04—Phosphate esters
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
- C10M2223/04—Phosphate esters
- C10M2223/041—Triaryl phosphates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2229/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2205/00, C10M2209/00, C10M2213/00, C10M2217/00, C10M2221/00 or C10M2225/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2229/02—Unspecified siloxanes; Silicones
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2229/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2205/00, C10M2209/00, C10M2213/00, C10M2217/00, C10M2221/00 or C10M2225/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2229/04—Siloxanes with specific structure
- C10M2229/041—Siloxanes with specific structure containing aliphatic substituents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2020/00—Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
- C10N2020/09—Characteristics associated with water
- C10N2020/097—Refrigerants
- C10N2020/101—Containing Hydrofluorocarbons
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/18—Anti-foaming property
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/40—Low content or no content compositions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/30—Refrigerators lubricants or compressors lubricants
Definitions
- the present invention relates to use of a phosphate ester additive to reduce noise in and around a refrigerator compressor and to a method for reducing noise in and around a refrigerator compressor by the addition of a phosphate ester additive to a refrigeration lubricant in the compressor.
- Noise reduction in refrigeration compressors has previously been addressed by the addition of additives that generate foam to the refrigeration lubricant. It is thought that the foam dampens compressor noise by reducing the transmission of vibration and noise to the outer shell of the compressor. However this method of noise reduction in compressors has major disadvantages.
- additives which generate foaming in the refrigeration lubricant
- additives which contain silicon
- these additives are known to have disadvantages.
- silicon containing additives have been found to block capillary tubes in refrigeration systems.
- additives containing silicon are known to thermally decompose to a powdery solid, which can interfere in the refrigeration process. Therefore care must be taken, for example, when attaching the compressor to the rest of the refrigeration system that there is no residual lubricant and silicon containing additive in the area, which is to be brazed. Silicon containing additives are also known to interfere with painting processes.
- Triaryl phosphate esters are widely used as antiwear additives in petroleum and synthetic base stock hydraulic fluids, tractor fluids and aircraft turbine and piston engine lubricants. It is widely recognized that the triaryl phosphate esters are most effective at levels of up to 2%, preferably at 1.5% by weight in the lubricant.
- Trialkyl phosphate esters are used principally as components of aircraft hydraulic fluids or as solvents in industrial processes. There is some interest in their use as antiwear additives for applications where the release of phenols from the degradation of the phosphate is to be avoided and they are also used in metal working applications.
- a phosphate ester additive of the type disclosed above to a lubricant in the compressor of a refrigeration system reduces noise in and around the compressor with minimal foaming of the lubricant. Furthermore the phosphate ester additive does not contain silicon.
- the present invention provides the use of 0.01% to 10% by weight of a tri alkyl, aryl, aryl which is substituted on the aromatic ring or arylalkyl phosphate ester in a compressor lubricant to reduce noise in and around the compressor of a refrigeration system by at least 1dB at a frequency between 0 and 20KHz.
- the invention also provides a method of reducing noise in and around the compressor of a refrigeration system by at least 1dB at a frequency between 0 and 20KHz comprising adding 0.01% to 10% by weight of a tri alkyl, aryl, aryl which is substituted on the aromatic ring or arylalkyl phosphate ester additive to a lubricant in the compressor.
- the refrigeration system comprises a compressor, a condenser, an expansion device and an evaporator.
- a liquid refrigerant vaporises in the evaporator to provide the required cooling for the refrigeration system.
- the refrigerant gas then passes to the compressor where it is compressed to condensation pressure.
- a cooling medium such as water or air, is used to condense the superheated refrigerant gas to a liquid.
- the liquid refrigerant then passes through an expansion valve to reduce pressure and is returned to the evaporator.
- Noise originates from transfer of energy of various frequencies from their noise source through solid (compressor case and pipe work), liquid (lubricant) and gaseous (refrigerant) media to the shell of the compressor from which pressure waves, i.e. noise, are generated.
- Noise sources in and around the compressor include suction flow inside the compressor as a result of the flow characteristics of the refrigerant gas, these flow characteristics being themselves determined by the operating conditions of the compressor; noise from the stirring of the lubricant in the compressor which is needed to deliver lubricant to the mechanical parts of the compressor for lubrication; lubricant dripping from the compressor pump and from the top side of the compressor shell and subsequently splashing into the lubricant at the base of the compressor and on to the compressor shell; the motor of the compressor itself and also from the opening and closing of discharge valves.
- the noise from the various noise sources is at a variety of frequencies, typically ranging from 0.5 to 2OkHz.
- the phosphate ester additive used in the present invention is a tri alkyl, aryl, substituted (on the aromatic ring) aryl or arylalkyl phosphate ester, namely of formula:
- the phosphate ester additive may be a trialkyl phosphate ester and preferably is of formula (II)
- each R 1 may be the same or different and is chosen from an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 10 carbon atoms.
- Each R 1 may be independently saturated or unsaturated, preferably saturated, and may be independently straight chained or branched.
- O P-[O-Ph(R 2 JJ 3 (III) where Ph is phenyl, x is an integer from 0 to 5 and, when x > 0, each R 2 is an alkyl group which may be the same or different for each Ph group and may be the same or different for each x.
- Each R 2 is preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 10 carbon atoms, specifically 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
- Each R 2 may be independently saturated or unsaturated, preferably saturated and may be independently straight chained or branched.
- x is an integer in the range 1 to 5, preferably in the range 1 to 3, and, more especially, is 1 or 2.
- the phosphate ester additive used in the present invention is a ring- substituted triaryl phosphate ester of formula (III).
- suitable additives include tricresyl phosphate, trixylenyl phosphate, tri(isopropyl phenyl) phosphate, tert-butylated triphenyl phosphate, especially tricresyl phosphate.
- the additive is present in the lubricant at levels of 0.01 to 10%, preferably 0.1 to 7%, especially 1 to 5% by weight.
- the noise level in and around the compressor is reduced by at least 1dB, preferably at least 1.5dB, more preferably at least 2dB.
- the system is allowed to run for a few minutes to allow the noise level to reach a steady state, as it is expected that the noise level will be high at system start up, before the noise level is measured.
- the noise level is measured using a microphone positioned at a variety of positions, typically 4-5 around the compressor case and the values are averaged. Typical positions for the microphone are one central above the top of the compressor case, one at the front and rear face of the compressor case and one at each side of the compressor case.
- the distance of the microphone from the compressor is optimized for each compressor under test. Typically the microphone is positioned 5-50 cm from the compressor, particularly 10-30cm.
- the microphone is attached to a real time fast Fourier transform (FFT) analyser which records the signal at each microphone point over a 20 second time period.
- FFT real time fast Fourier transform
- the FFT analyser converts the signal over time to a noise measurement and frequency spectrum.
- the presence of the additive leads to minimal foaming of the lubricant in the compressor.
- the foam height determined by bubbling refrigerant gas through lubricant containing 0.01 to 10% by weight phosphate ester additive in a measuring cylinder for 10 minutes is not more than 10mm, more preferably not more than 5mm, specifically not more than 4mm.
- the refrigeration system is set up with a compressor as discussed above.
- the compressor may also have a sight glass on its front face to enable measurement to be taken of the height of foam generated when the refrigeration system is running where the compressor lubricant contains phosphate ester additive.
- the foam height determined by measuring the height of foam in a sight glass on the front face of the compressor of a refrigeration system, is not more than 2.5mm, more preferably not more than 2mm when 0.01 to 10% of phosphate ester additive is added to the compressor lubricant.
- the compressor lubricant is selected from polyalkylene glycols, polyol esters, diesters, carbonate esters, polyvinyl ethers, poly alpha olefins and alkylbenzenes and mixtures thereof.
- Preferred oils are polyol esters; mixtures of polyol esters with alkyl benzenes, polyvinyl ethers and diesters.
- Especially preferred oils are polyol esters or mixtures of polyol esters with alkyl benzenes.
- Polyol esters particularly suitable for use in the invention are made from polyhydric alcohols and monobasic carboxylic acids by standard direct esterification methods. They may also be made by transesterification routes. Both routes are described in "Synthetic lubricants and high-performance functional fluids, 2nd edition, edited by L. R Rudnick and R. L. Shubkin, pages 70-71. Particularly preferred are polymerisation routes that do not use a catalyst.
- Particularly preferred polyol esters are made from one or more alcohols selected from neopentylglycol, trimethyolpropane and pentaerythritol and dimers and trimers thereof and one or more acids selected from linear and/or branched C 5 to Ci 8 acids, particularly C 5 to Ci 3 acids and more particularly C 5 to C 9 acids.
- Preferred polyol esters have a kinematic viscosity of at least 5 cSt but not more than 240 cSt at 40 0 C and a kinematic viscosity of at least 1.5 cSt at 100 0 C.
- Preferred polyol esters have a pour point of less than -3O 0 C more preferably less than -4O 0 C.
- Preferred polyol esters have an acid number of less than 0.04 mgKOH/g.
- Preferred polyol esters have water content of less than 50 ppm.
- Preferred polyol esters have hydroxyl numbers less than 5 mgKOH/g. Examples of preferred polyol esters include the EMKARATE® RL range of polyol esters available ex Uniqema Ltd, a Business of ICI.
- the compressor lubricant according to the invention also comprises one or more other lubricant additives of known functionality at levels between 0.0001 and 20 weight%, more preferably between 0.01 and 10 weight% more especially between
- Suitable additives include antioxidants, antiwear additives, extreme pressure agents, acid scavengers, stabilisers, surfactants, viscosity index improvers, corrosion inhibitors, metal deactivators or passivators, lubricity improvers or oiliness agents and friction modifiers.
- the refrigerant in the refrigerant system suitably comprises a hydrochlorofluorocarbon (HCFC), a hydrofluorocarbon (HFC), a blend of refrigerants containing at least one HFC, HCFC or both, carbon dioxide or ammonia.
- HCFC hydrochlorofluorocarbon
- HFC hydrofluorocarbon
- the refrigerant does not contain any chlorine atoms.
- the refrigerant gas is a HFC or blend of HFCs.
- Suitable HFC refrigeration gases include R-134a (1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane), R-32 (difluoromethane), R-125 (1,1,1,2,2-pentafluoro- ethane), R-152a (1,1-difluoroethane), R-143a (1,1,1-trifluoroethane) and mixtures thereof and the R-400 and R-500 series.
- Other components typically found in refrigerant blends may also be included in the refrigeration gas. These include hydrocarbons, especially hydrocarbons having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms for example propane, isobutane, butane, pentane and hexane, fluorinated hydrocarbons and other refrigerants, for example carbon dioxide.
- noise levels were measured as follows.
- the compressor was mounted on a steel base in an acoustic chamber.
- the acoustic chamber is a cube with a length, width and height of 1.5m made from plasterboard, which has a sealed door.
- the acoustic chamber is constructed out of plasterboard with a 2.54cm thick piece of fibreglass sandwiched between two 0.64cm sheets of the plasterboard.
- the inside surface of the inner plasterboard sheet is coated with 1.27cm thickness open cell foam.
- the acoustic chamber is itself mounted on a rubber mat.
- the compressor was connected, via vibration free hoses, to the rest of the refrigeration system, which was outside the acoustic chamber on an adjacent surface.
- the refrigeration system was evacuated and 235g of polyol ester lubricant containing 5% by weight of the lubricant of phosphate ester additive was "sucked" into the compressor. Then 6Og of HFC 134a refrigerant was added to the refrigeration system. The system was allowed to run for a few minutes, typically up to 30 minutes, to allow the noise level to reach a steady state.
- the noise level was measured using a 1.27cm microphone positioned at 5 places around the compressor case (one central above the top of the compressor case, one at the front and rear face of the compressor case and one at each side of the compressor case) and the values averaged.
- the microphone was 30mm from the compressor case.
- the microphone was connected to a real time fast Fourier transform (FFT) analyser which recorded the signal at each microphone point over a 20 second time period.
- the FFT analyser converted the signal over time to a noise measurement (dB) and frequency.
- the noise measurement was then averaged for the amount of microphone readings taken.
- the compressor used was a Samsung MK compressor.
- Table 1 illustrates noise levels measured using this method over a frequency range of 0 to 20 KHz where the compressor lubricant is a polyol ester, Emkarate TM RU OH ex Uniqema, which contains 5% by weight of a range of phosphate esters according to the invention.
- Table 2 illustrates noise levels measured using this method over a frequency range of 350Hz to 20 KHz where the compressor lubricant is a polyol ester, Emkarate ® RL10H ex Uniqema, which contains 5% by weight of a range of phosphate esters according to the invention.
- the phosphate ester additive according to the invention has led to a noise reduction in and around the compressor of at least 1dB.
- Durad® 220 is isopropylated triphenyl phosphate and Durad® 22Ox is trixylenyl phosphate both ex FMC Corporation
- Table 3 illustrates noise levels measured using this method, for a range of compressors over a frequency range of 0 to 20 KHz where the compressor lubricant is a polyol ester from the Emkarate range, which contains 5% by weight of a range of phosphate esters according to the invention.
- the presence of the phosphate ester additive according to the invention leads to a reduction in the noise level in and around the compressor of at least 1dB.
- the foam height in mm was measured according to a simple foaming test.
- the apparatus for the foaming test is shown in Figure 1.
- the water bath (7) was set to 25°C.
- the canister (6) of 134a refrigerant was placed inside the water bath (7).
- the needle valve (5) of the canister (6) was opened fully and the system needle valve (5A) positioned next to the rotameter (4) was slowly opened until a flow of 1 litre/min was achieved.
- the refrigerant was then passed through the sintered glass rod (3) which was suspended in the compressor lubricant (1) containing the phosphate ester additive 5cm from the base of the measuring cylinder (2).
- the refrigerant was allowed to bubble through the sintered glass rod (3) for 10 minutes.
- the foam level, if any, was then recorded in mm.
- Table 4 Table 4
- SynOAd 8478 is t-butylated triphenyl phosphate ex Akzo
- Table 5 presents comparative results where the lubricant additive is a commercially available silicon containing foaming additive.
- LN is Akrochem 50 a 5OcSt polydimethylsiloxane ex Akrochem/silchem.
- DC57 is a copolymer of a polydimethylsiloxane and a polyoxyalkylene ether
- the foam height was measured for a refrigeration system as described in Examples 1 and 2.
- a Samsung compressor was modified to accommodate a sight glass towards the bottom of the front face. The compressor was then connected to the refrigeration system. The refrigeration system was evacuated and 235g of polyol ester lubricant containing lubricant additive was "sucked" into the compressor. Then 6Og of HFC 134a refrigerant was added to the refrigeration system. The system was allowed to run for a few minutes, typically up to 30 minutes, to allow the noise level to reach a steady state. The foam height was then measured at the sight glass. The results are presented in Table 6. Table 6
- Table 7 presents comparative results where the lubricant additive is a commercially available silicon containing foaming additive.
- Both LN and DC57 are known as foaming additives for use in compressors to reduce compressor noise level.
- Typical levels of addition can be from IOOpmm up to 0.5%
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GBGB0504496.1A GB0504496D0 (en) | 2005-03-04 | 2005-03-04 | Noise reduction additive |
PCT/GB2006/000643 WO2006092560A1 (en) | 2005-03-04 | 2006-02-24 | Noise reduction additive |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1856233A1 true EP1856233A1 (en) | 2007-11-21 |
EP1856233B1 EP1856233B1 (en) | 2018-05-16 |
Family
ID=34451807
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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EP06709875.6A Active EP1856233B1 (en) | 2005-03-04 | 2006-02-24 | Use of a noise reduction additive in a refrigeration system |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
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EP (1) | EP1856233B1 (en) |
KR (1) | KR101343177B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN101133142B (en) |
DK (1) | DK1856233T3 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2675733T3 (en) |
GB (1) | GB0504496D0 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2006092560A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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EP2417196B1 (en) | 2009-04-10 | 2016-06-01 | Saint-gobain Performance Plastics Corporation | Acoustic damping compositions |
EP2417197B1 (en) | 2009-04-10 | 2016-09-21 | Saint-gobain Performance Plastics Corporation | Acoustic damping composition having elastomeric particulate |
GB2527015A (en) * | 2013-03-15 | 2015-12-09 | Trane Int Inc | Lubricant defoaming additives and compositions |
Family Cites Families (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
ES2074584T3 (en) * | 1989-12-14 | 1995-09-16 | Idemitsu Kosan Co | USE OF A COMPOSITION OF REFRIGERATOR OIL FOR HYDROFLUOROCARBON REFRIGERANT. |
DK0435253T3 (en) * | 1989-12-28 | 1994-06-20 | Nippon Oil Co Ltd | Cooling oils for use with hydrogen-containing halogen carbon refrigerants |
JP2904322B2 (en) * | 1992-06-11 | 1999-06-14 | 日石三菱株式会社 | Lubricating oil composition for hydraulic cylinder |
JPH08157847A (en) * | 1994-12-08 | 1996-06-18 | Japan Energy Corp | Lubricating oil composition for hfc fluorocarbon compressor, improvement of lubricating property of hfc fluorocarbon compressor and actuation fluid composition containing the same lubricating oil composition |
US5711895A (en) * | 1994-12-12 | 1998-01-27 | Nippon Oil Co., Ltd. | Fluid composition for use in a refrigerating machine in which the refrigerating machine oil is at least one hydrocarbon compound of a formula consisting of two phenyl groups joined through an alkylene or alkenylene group |
JP2000297753A (en) * | 1999-04-15 | 2000-10-24 | Matsushita Refrig Co Ltd | Sealed compressor |
JP2002038174A (en) * | 2000-07-24 | 2002-02-06 | Nippon Mitsubishi Oil Corp | Refrigerating machine oil composition |
-
2005
- 2005-03-04 GB GBGB0504496.1A patent/GB0504496D0/en not_active Ceased
-
2006
- 2006-02-24 EP EP06709875.6A patent/EP1856233B1/en active Active
- 2006-02-24 WO PCT/GB2006/000643 patent/WO2006092560A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2006-02-24 ES ES06709875.6T patent/ES2675733T3/en active Active
- 2006-02-24 DK DK06709875.6T patent/DK1856233T3/en active
- 2006-02-24 CN CN2006800071462A patent/CN101133142B/en active Active
-
2007
- 2007-09-03 KR KR1020077020086A patent/KR101343177B1/en active IP Right Grant
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
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See references of WO2006092560A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
KR20070110317A (en) | 2007-11-16 |
KR101343177B1 (en) | 2013-12-19 |
GB0504496D0 (en) | 2005-04-13 |
ES2675733T3 (en) | 2018-07-12 |
CN101133142A (en) | 2008-02-27 |
WO2006092560A1 (en) | 2006-09-08 |
DK1856233T3 (en) | 2018-08-27 |
CN101133142B (en) | 2011-07-06 |
EP1856233B1 (en) | 2018-05-16 |
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