EP1855070A2 - Kühler mit freier Kühlung - Google Patents

Kühler mit freier Kühlung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1855070A2
EP1855070A2 EP07009535A EP07009535A EP1855070A2 EP 1855070 A2 EP1855070 A2 EP 1855070A2 EP 07009535 A EP07009535 A EP 07009535A EP 07009535 A EP07009535 A EP 07009535A EP 1855070 A2 EP1855070 A2 EP 1855070A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
free cooling
group
chiller
cooling group
evaporator
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP07009535A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1855070A3 (de
EP1855070B1 (de
Inventor
Francesco Giovanni Maria Ferrari
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Blue Box Group SRL
Original Assignee
Blue Box Group SRL
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Blue Box Group SRL filed Critical Blue Box Group SRL
Publication of EP1855070A2 publication Critical patent/EP1855070A2/de
Publication of EP1855070A3 publication Critical patent/EP1855070A3/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1855070B1 publication Critical patent/EP1855070B1/de
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D16/00—Devices using a combination of a cooling mode associated with refrigerating machinery with a cooling mode not associated with refrigerating machinery
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D17/00—Arrangements for circulating cooling fluids; Arrangements for circulating gas, e.g. air, within refrigerated spaces
    • F25D17/02—Arrangements for circulating cooling fluids; Arrangements for circulating gas, e.g. air, within refrigerated spaces for circulating liquids, e.g. brine

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a free cooling chiller.
  • the chiller according to the present invention is classifiable generally within the sector of air conditioning plants, in particular of the "free cooling" type as commonly referred to in the technical jargon of the sector.
  • Free cooling chillers make use of the low temperature of the external air in order to cool the liquid to be sent to the user plant and are generally used where refrigerating power also at low temperatures is required.
  • Free cooling chillers are chillers operating with water (or preferably an anti-free mixture) and provided with additional groups (referred to below as free cooling groups) for heat exchange of the water/air type able to recover refrigerating power supplied by the external air. With these chillers it is possible to supplement the refrigerating power normally supplied by the compressors or even replace it entirely when there are suitable external air conditions.
  • the carrier fluid preferably an anti-freeze fluid
  • they are able to cool the carrier fluid (preferably an anti-freeze fluid) by means of a vapour compression refrigerating cycle and/or, if permitted by the external air temperature conditions, by means of direct exchange between the air and the fluid itself.
  • a free cooling chiller comprises a primary circuit or refrigerating circuit and a secondary circuit or user circuit.
  • the primary circuit is formed by a compressor, a condenser, a thermostatic expansion valve and an evaporator.
  • the secondary circuit comprises a line for delivery of the liquid to the user appliances, which is arranged at the evaporator outlet, and a liquid return line from the user appliances, connected to the evaporator inlet.
  • the latter line is provided with a pump for circulating the liquid in the secondary circuit.
  • the secondary circuit comprises, moreover, a free cooling group connected along the return line by means of a servo-controlled three-way valve to which a bypass line for switching in or excluding the free cooling group is also connected.
  • a logic control unit is provided for performing activation of the valve in order to exploit fully the refrigerating power associated with the external air, thus minimizing the energy used by the compression system.
  • the free cooling group is placed in series with the evaporator of the primary circuit and is by-passed when its efficiency falls below a convenience threshold following a change in the external air conditions. Instead, where permitted by the climatic conditions, the free cooling group allows cooling of the secondary fluid by means of the external air, reducing the use of the compressors.
  • the control unit decides with regard to the operating conditions, taking into account the external air temperature and the return temperature of the liquid in the secondary circuit, detected by means of probes.
  • the chillers of the type described above differ from more conventional chillers owing to the presence of the free cooling group which acts as an air/water exchanger situated upstream of the evaporator of the primary circuit.
  • the free cooling group exploits the low temperature of the air in order to cool the return water of the plant before sending it to the evaporator.
  • a first type which is schematically shown in Figure A and described for example in the patent US 5,970,729 , envisages arranging, in separate positions, the condenser group and the free cooling group and each of the two groups is provided with its own fan unit.
  • This type of chiller ensures the complete operating autonomy of the free cooling group from operation of the refrigerating primary circuit.
  • control of the condensation or control such that the output pressure of the condenser does not fall below minimum values required by the compressor, is obtained by means of adjustment of the speed of the fan unit of the condenser group.
  • the speed of the fan By varying the speed of the fan the heat exchange conditions in the condenser, and therefore the temperature and pressure, are varied.
  • the compressor requires, for correct operation, a pressure differential between delivery and intake higher than a minimum value.
  • the type of chiller described above has the drawback that it is particularly bulky and excessively complex in that it requires the use of two separate ventilation units.
  • a second type of chiller which is shown schematically in Figure B and described for example in the patent US 4,932,221 , envisages arranging the free cooling and condenser groups opposite each other so as to make use of the same air flow produced by a single ventilation unit.
  • This type of chiller allows the dimensions to be kept small and the number of fans to be reduced.
  • control of the condensation pressure which is necessary during simultaneous operation of the two groups, is performed by means of throttling of the condenser group or expansion of the group.
  • This second type of chiller has the drawback that it is very complex and difficult to produce.
  • a further drawback consists in the high losses of head due to the installation, in series, of the two groups within the same air flow.
  • the object of the present invention is to overcome the drawbacks of the prior art mentioned above by providing a free cooling chiller which is not voluminous and at the same time is constructionally simple to produce and operationally entirely reliable.
  • a further object of the present invention is provide a chiller which is able to best exploit fully the free cooling group and recover efficiently the refrigerating power of the external air.
  • the chiller according to the invention has been denoted in its entirety by 1. It is able to satisfy all the cooling requirements by making use, as will be clarified below, of both the refrigerating power of the compressor and the external air temperature conditions.
  • the chiller is of the free cooling type, namely is intended to be used where it is considered possible to exploit freely the low external temperature of the air.
  • this chiller may therefore be used advantageously for cooling service rooms which are heated by computers, telephone exchanges, or the like.
  • it may also be used in spacious premises such as cinemas or supermarkets, where it is required to keep the environment air-conditioned (for example owing to the presence of a large number of people) also where there are low external temperatures.
  • the chiller 1 comprises a primary circuit or refrigerating circuit 2 and a secondary circuit or user circuit 3.
  • the primary circuit 2 is formed, for example, in a manner conventional per se, by a compressor 4, by a condenser group 5, by an evaporator 6 and by a thermostatic expansion valve 7 able to cause throttling of the refrigerating fluid.
  • the secondary circuit 3 comprises a line 8 for delivery, to the user appliances, of a cooling carrier fluid, generally consisting of an anti-freeze mixture, which line is connected to the outlet of the evaporator 6, and a return line 10, which is connected to the inlet of the evaporator 6.
  • the latter line 10 is provided with a pump 11 for circulating the liquid inside the secondary circuit 3.
  • the return line 10 of the secondary circuit 3 is also intercepted by a free cooling group 13 which is therefore arranged in series with the evaporator 6.
  • the evaporator and the free cooling group 13 have, arranged between them, a servo-controlled three-way valve 20 to which a bypass line 35 also leads, the latter being connected at the other end immediately upstream of the free cooling group 13.
  • the chiller 1 comprises a support structure 14 (indicated by broken lines in the Figure) which preferably has a box-shaped form and is formed by metal panels and on which a ventilation unit 15 is mounted, said unit causing the suction of an air flow from a containing compartment 16 inside the support structure 14.
  • the two groups are placed in parallel such the air flow is selectively drawn in by one or other section depending on opening of the gate valves 16 and 17 positioned so as to intercept them.
  • a logic control unit 30 is provided for performing activation of the three-way valve 20 in order to exploit fully the refrigerating power associated with the external air, thus minimizing the power used by the compression system.
  • the free cooling group 13 is positioned in series with the evaporator 6 of the primary circuit 2 and is bypassed when its efficiency falls below a convenience threshold following a change in the external air conditions. On the other hand, where permitted by the climatic conditions, the free cooling group 13 allows cooling of the carrier fluid of the secondary circuit 3 by means of the external air, reducing the use of the compressor 4.
  • the logic control unit 30 is connected to a first probe 18 able to detect the temperature of the external air and to a second probe 19 able to detect the temperature of the fluid of the return line.
  • control unit 30 controls the motor of the three-way valve 20 so as to select the flow of the carrier fluid through the bypass circuit 35 or through the free cooling group 13 in accordance with a programmed operating logic.
  • the ventilation unit 15 consists of an axial fan with the motor directly connected to the fan shaft and controlled electronically with a phase cutting system which allows the speed of the fan to be varied.
  • the speed of the fan 15 is dependent upon the pressure of the condenser group 5. Therefore, when the condensation pressure falls or rises, the speed of the fan correspondingly falls or rises so as to maintain a sufficient pressure head on the compressor 4.
  • the axial fan 15 When the free cooling mode is activated, since the external conditions permit it, the axial fan 15 is operated at the maximum nominal power and the system for adjusting the condensation pressure is switched to the first gate valve 17 which therefore opens or closes the air flow which passes through depending on whether the pressure of the condenser group 5 rises or falls.
  • the pressure conditions of the condenser group 5 depend also on the refrigerating power requirement of the user appliances.
  • the first gate valve 17 has preferably an ON-OFF regulating system, remaining completely open during operation of the free cooling group 13 and remaining completely closed when the free cooling group 13 is bypassed.
  • the second gate valve 18 is completely opened (using the ON/OFF logic), while the first gate valve 17 is opened in modulated manner as determined by the pressure of the condenser group 5.
  • opening of the first gate valve 17 may be controlled as specified above or preferably may always be controlled by the pressure of the condenser group 5.
  • the centrifugal fan 15 preferably must always operate at maximum speed for reasons of efficiency and because it does not have the motor directly connected to the fan shaft but driven via a belt.
  • the chiller 1 according to the present invention it is possible to achieve a very compact configuration using a limited number of components for the refrigerating circuit.
  • the condenser group 5 of the chiller 1 according to the invention remains substantially unchanged compared to a standard chiller without free cooling, with a considerable saving in terms of warehouse and production costs.
  • the invention therefore achieves the predefined objects.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Devices That Are Associated With Refrigeration Equipment (AREA)
  • Crystals, And After-Treatments Of Crystals (AREA)
EP07009535A 2006-05-12 2007-05-11 Kühler mit freier Kühlung Not-in-force EP1855070B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IT000186A ITPD20060186A1 (it) 2006-05-12 2006-05-12 Refrigeratore con free cooling

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1855070A2 true EP1855070A2 (de) 2007-11-14
EP1855070A3 EP1855070A3 (de) 2009-11-25
EP1855070B1 EP1855070B1 (de) 2011-03-16

Family

ID=38283095

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP07009535A Not-in-force EP1855070B1 (de) 2006-05-12 2007-05-11 Kühler mit freier Kühlung

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1855070B1 (de)
AT (1) ATE502270T1 (de)
DE (1) DE602007013137D1 (de)
IT (1) ITPD20060186A1 (de)

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2011003692A1 (en) * 2009-07-09 2011-01-13 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. Cooling apparatus
EP2091314A3 (de) * 2008-02-13 2011-11-02 Hitachi Plant Technologies, Ltd. Kühlsystem für ein elektronisches Gerät
US20180187915A1 (en) * 2016-01-15 2018-07-05 Addison Hvac Llc Hvac system comprising independently variable refrigerant flow (vrf) and variable air flow (vaf)
US10488061B2 (en) 2016-03-16 2019-11-26 Inertech Ip Llc System and methods utilizing fluid coolers and chillers to perform in-series heat rejection and trim cooling
US10739045B2 (en) 2016-02-10 2020-08-11 Johnson Controls Technology Company Systems and methods for controlling a refrigeration system
US11022349B2 (en) 2015-07-22 2021-06-01 Carrier Corporation Hydronic system for combining free cooling and mechanical cooling
US11175076B2 (en) 2009-03-24 2021-11-16 Johnson Controls Technology Company Free cooling refrigeration system
US11199356B2 (en) 2009-08-14 2021-12-14 Johnson Controls Technology Company Free cooling refrigeration system
US11359847B2 (en) 2016-08-22 2022-06-14 Johnson Controls Tyco IP Holdings LLP Systems and methods for controlling a refrigeration system
US11506406B2 (en) 2019-07-05 2022-11-22 Carrier Corporation Air handling unit and method for controlling such an air handling unit
US11598549B2 (en) 2019-04-08 2023-03-07 Carrier Corporation Thermal cycling system and control method of the thermal cycling system

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2218499A (en) * 1988-05-09 1989-11-15 Mitsubishi Electric Corp Air-cooled cooling apparatus
US5970729A (en) * 1995-03-01 1999-10-26 Sts Corporation Cooling apparatus

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2218499A (en) * 1988-05-09 1989-11-15 Mitsubishi Electric Corp Air-cooled cooling apparatus
US5970729A (en) * 1995-03-01 1999-10-26 Sts Corporation Cooling apparatus

Cited By (23)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8839638B2 (en) 2008-02-13 2014-09-23 Hitachi, Ltd. Cooling system for electronic equipment
EP2091314A3 (de) * 2008-02-13 2011-11-02 Hitachi Plant Technologies, Ltd. Kühlsystem für ein elektronisches Gerät
US8199504B2 (en) 2008-02-13 2012-06-12 Hitachi Plant Technologies, Ltd. Cooling system for electronic equipment
EP2498024A2 (de) 2008-02-13 2012-09-12 Hitachi Plant Technologies, Ltd. Kühlsystem für ein elektronisches Gerät
EP2498025A2 (de) 2008-02-13 2012-09-12 Hitachi Plant Technologies, Ltd. Kühlsystem für ein elektronisches Gerät
EP2503866A2 (de) 2008-02-13 2012-09-26 Hitachi Plant Technologies, Ltd. Kühlsystem für ein elektronisches Gerät
EP2503866A3 (de) * 2008-02-13 2014-08-20 Hitachi, Ltd. Kühlsystem für ein elektronisches Gerät
EP2498025A3 (de) * 2008-02-13 2014-08-27 Hitachi, Ltd. Kühlsystem für ein elektronisches Gerät
US11175076B2 (en) 2009-03-24 2021-11-16 Johnson Controls Technology Company Free cooling refrigeration system
WO2011003692A1 (en) * 2009-07-09 2011-01-13 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. Cooling apparatus
US9179580B2 (en) 2009-07-09 2015-11-03 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. Data center cooler with chiller and cooling tower
US11199356B2 (en) 2009-08-14 2021-12-14 Johnson Controls Technology Company Free cooling refrigeration system
US11022349B2 (en) 2015-07-22 2021-06-01 Carrier Corporation Hydronic system for combining free cooling and mechanical cooling
US10557643B2 (en) * 2016-01-15 2020-02-11 Addison Hvac Llc Demand ventilation HVAC system comprising independently variable refrigerant flow (VRF) and variable air flow (VAF)
US20180187915A1 (en) * 2016-01-15 2018-07-05 Addison Hvac Llc Hvac system comprising independently variable refrigerant flow (vrf) and variable air flow (vaf)
US10739045B2 (en) 2016-02-10 2020-08-11 Johnson Controls Technology Company Systems and methods for controlling a refrigeration system
US10488061B2 (en) 2016-03-16 2019-11-26 Inertech Ip Llc System and methods utilizing fluid coolers and chillers to perform in-series heat rejection and trim cooling
US11415330B2 (en) 2016-03-16 2022-08-16 Inertech Ip Llc System and methods utilizing fluid coolers and chillers to perform in-sertes heat rejection and trim cooling
US11867426B2 (en) 2016-03-16 2024-01-09 Inertech Ip Llc System and methods utilizing fluid coolers and chillers to perform in-series heat rejection and trim cooling
US11359847B2 (en) 2016-08-22 2022-06-14 Johnson Controls Tyco IP Holdings LLP Systems and methods for controlling a refrigeration system
US11774154B2 (en) 2016-08-22 2023-10-03 Johnson Controls Tyco IP Holdings LLP Systems and methods for controlling a refrigeration system
US11598549B2 (en) 2019-04-08 2023-03-07 Carrier Corporation Thermal cycling system and control method of the thermal cycling system
US11506406B2 (en) 2019-07-05 2022-11-22 Carrier Corporation Air handling unit and method for controlling such an air handling unit

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ATE502270T1 (de) 2011-04-15
DE602007013137D1 (de) 2011-04-28
ITPD20060186A1 (it) 2007-11-13
EP1855070A3 (de) 2009-11-25
EP1855070B1 (de) 2011-03-16

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