Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
  • H02K55/00—Dynamo-electric machines having windings operating at cryogenic temperatures
  • H02K55/02—Dynamo-electric machines having windings operating at cryogenic temperatures of the synchronous type
  • H02K55/04—Dynamo-electric machines having windings operating at cryogenic temperatures of the synchronous type with rotating field windings
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
  • H02K9/00—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
  • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
  • F28D15/00—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies
  • F28D15/02—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes
  • F28D15/0266—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes with separate evaporating and condensing chambers connected by at least one conduit; Loop-type heat pipes; with multiple or common evaporating or condensing chambers
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
  • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
  • F28D15/00—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies
  • F28D15/02—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes
  • F28D15/04—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes with tubes having a capillary structure
  • F28D15/046—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes with tubes having a capillary structure characterised by the material or the construction of the capillary structure
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
  • H02K9/00—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating
  • H02K9/22—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating by solid heat conducting material embedded in, or arranged in contact with, the stator or rotor, e.g. heat bridges
  • H02K9/225—Heat pipes
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
  • Y02E40/00—Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
  • Y02E40/60—Superconducting electric elements or equipment; Power systems integrating superconducting elements or equipment

Definitions

• the invention relates to a machine device
• a rotor rotatably mounted about a rotation axis and surrounded by a stator, which has at least one rotor winding whose superconductive conductors are thermally coupled to a central, axially extending cylindrical rotor cavity,
• the rotor cavity, the tubular conduit parts and the condenser space form a closed conduit system in which a refrigerant can circulate or circulate by utilizing a thermosiphon effect.
• a corresponding machine device is disclosed in DE 100 57 664 A1.
• metal oxide superconductor materials with transition temperatures T c of more than 77 K have been known. These materials are therefore also referred to as high (high) -T c superconductor materials or HTS materials and in principle allow a cooling technology with liquid nitrogen (LN 2 ).
• Such a temperature level is significantly higher than 4, 2 K, the boiling point of the liquid helium (LHe), cooled with the known metallic superconductor materials with comparatively low transition temperature T c , called low (low) -T c materials or LTS materials become .
• cryocoolers For cooling windings with HTS conductors in the temperature range below 77 K, preference is given to using refrigeration systems in the form of so-called cryocoolers with a closed He pressure gas circuit.
• cryocoolers are in particular of the Gifford McMahon or Stirling type or are designed as so-called pulse tube coolers. They also have the advantage that their cooling capacity is virtually available at the push of a button and the handling of cryogenic liquids is avoided.
• the superconducting winding is cooled indirectly only by heat conduction to a cold head of a corresponding refrigerator (cf., for example, also "Proc. 16 th Int Cryog. Engig. Conf. (ICEC 16)", Kitakyushu, JP, 20.-24.05.1996, Elsevier Science, 1997, pages 1109 to 1129).
• a corresponding cooling technique is also provided for the rotor of an electric machine which can be removed from the aforementioned DE 100 57 664 A1.
• the rotor contains a rotating winding of HTS conductors, which are located in a thermally conductive winding carrier.
• This winding support is equipped with a central, extending in the axial direction, cylindrical rotor cavity, connect to the side leading out of the winding support tubular tubular parts.
• These line parts lead into a geodetically higher condenser space of a refrigeration unit and together with this condenser space and the central rotor cavity form a closed single-pipe Line system.
• This piping system contains a refrigerant that circulates using a so-called thermosiphon effect.
• condensed refrigerant in the condenser space condensed refrigerant is passed through the tubular conduit parts in the central rotor cavity, where it absorbs heat and at least partially evaporated because of the thermal coupling to the winding support and thus to the HTS winding to be cooled.
• the vaporized refrigerant then passes back over the same line parts in the condenser space, where it is condensed back.
• the cooling capacity required for this purpose is provided by a chiller whose cold head is thermally coupled to the condenser space.
• the return flow of the refrigerant toward the parts of the chiller acting as a condenser is driven by a slight overpressure, which forms in the central rotor cavity acting as the evaporator part. This overpressure generated by the formation of gas in the evaporator section and the liquefaction in the condenser space leads to the desired refrigerant return flow.
• the corresponding circulation is also called natural convection.
• thermosyphon piping system in which the liquid and the gaseous refrigerant flow through the same pipe parts
• two-pipe piping systems for a refrigerant circulation using a thermosiphon effect are known (see, for example, WO 00 / 13296 A).
• an additional tube for the gaseous refrigerant must be provided in the region of the hollow shaft of the rotor .
• thermosiphon cooling In the known machines with thermosiphon cooling thus the transport of the refrigerant takes place solely by utilizing the natural convection, so that no further pumping systems are required. If one wants to use such a machine device on ships or off-shore devices, it is often necessary to use static imbalances, a so-called “trim”, of up to ⁇ 5 ° and / or with dynamic ship were to be calculated from up to ⁇ 7, 5 ° in the longitudinal direction. Consequently, in order to obtain approval of a classification society for a ship's mission, the cooling system of such a machine device must ensure reliable cooling.
• thermosiphon line system a slope toward the central rotor cavity is still present.
• a correspondingly inclined arrangement is undesirable, especially in the case of larger machine lengths, for reasons of a large amount of space then required, especially in shipbuilding.
• the refrigerant can also be forcibly circulated by a pump system.
• This requires a out.
• the ⁇ cher amount of equipment is required, especially when the refrigerant is to be located at a temperature level of examples game, 25 to 30 K.
• Such Umnachlzan ⁇ conditions also require significant losses and can hardly meet the life of shipbuilding with its long maintenance intervals.
• Object of the present invention is, therefore, a comprehensive engine with an associated refrigeration unit machines ⁇ device having the above-mentioned features to the effect to design that even with realistic to be assumed slanting /. Imbalances of their rotor, as they can occur when used on ships or off-shore facilities, yet in the central rotor cavity a sufficient cooling effect can be achieved by the refrigerant.
• the cen- rale rotor cavity should in Ma ⁇ schin unit with the features mentioned be at least partially provided with a lining made of a porous material of high thermal conductivity, forms the accessible for the refrigerant, capillary ⁇ similar structures or cavities.
• the lining according to the invention of the inner wall of a winding carrier enclosing the rotor cavity, which serves as a thermally conductive bridge between the rotor cavity and the superconducting winding, then has the particular advantage that, even with the axis inclined, due to the capillary action, a sufficiently uniform distribution of the cold ⁇ teffens over the surfaces or. Walls of structures or cavities is reached. Such a refrigerant distribution is also supported during operation by the rotation of the structures or cavities. In this way, a good wetting of the porous material is to ensure. Since this material should have a sufficiently high thermal Leitfä ⁇ ability, can be a good thermal coupling arrival of the guarantee to be cooled conductors to the refrigerant.
• the porous material may preferably be a
• Sintered material in particular from or with copper (Cu), han ⁇ do.
• Cu copper
• han ⁇ do any material of high thermal conductivity, which is formed by powder metallurgy by pressing and heating while still has a sufficient for the required Kapil ⁇ larity porosity.
• the lining of the rotor cavity made of the sintered material may in particular be pressed or shrunk into this. With appropriate methods can be easily realized the desired lining.
• the lining of the porous material may in particular have a porosity of at least 3%, preferably at least 10%, so as to offer for the required capillary action a sufficiently large surface wettable with the refrigerant.
• lining materials whose thermal conductivity is at least 100 W per (meter ⁇ Kelvin) at the operating temperature of the superconductive material are to be preferred.
• copper (Cu) material readily satisfies this condition because its thermal conductivity has a value greater than the claimed minimum value.
• Machine devices each comprise a machine or a machine. a motor and an associated Kälteein ⁇ unit .
• the embodiment of such a machine indicated below with reference to the figures may in particular be a synchronous motor or a generator.
• the machine comprises a rotating, superconducting winding, which in principle allows the use of metallic LTS material or oxidic HTS material.
• the latter material is preferably used as the basis for the following embodiment.
• the winding may consist of a coil or a system of coils in a 2-, 4- or other multipolar arrangement.
• the basic structure of a corresponding synchronous motor is apparent from the figure, starting from the known from the aforementioned DE 100 57 664 Al embodiment of such a machine.
• the designated 2 machine comprises a fixed, located at room temperature outer housing 3 with a stator ⁇ winding 4. Within the outer housing and enclosed by the stator winding ⁇ 4 a rotor 5 is rotatably mounted about a rotation axis A in bearings 6. These bearings may be conventional mechanical bearings or else magnetic bearings ⁇ act.
• the rotor further comprises a vacuum vessel 7, in which z. B. hollow cylindrical, torque-transmitting suspension elements 8 a winding support 9 is mounted with a HTS winding 10. In this winding support is concentric with the axis of rotation A extending in the axial direction central rotor cavity 12 is present, for example, has a cylindrical shape.
• the winding support is designed vacuum-tight with respect to this cavity.
• a refrigeration unit 15 For an indirect cooling of the HTS winding 10 via heat-conducting parts of the winding support 9, a refrigeration unit generally designated 15 is provided, of which only a cold head 16 is indicated in more detail. With this in itself most ⁇ th refrigeration unit may involve a cryocooler from the Gifford-McMahon type or, in particular, a regenerative cryocooler such. B. a pulse tube cooler or a split-tube
• the cold part of, for example, a few meters laterally of the rotor 5 arranged cold head 16 is in a vacuum vessel 23 via a heat transfer body 17 in good thermal contact with a refrigerant condensation unit having a condenser 18.
• a vacuum-insulated, stationary heat pipe 20 is attached sen Schlos ⁇ which projects laterally in an axial region in the lateral co-rotating cavity 13 or the central rotor cavity 12th
• a sealing device 21 which is not further detailed in the figure, is used with at least one sealing element which can be designed as a ferrofluid seal and / or a labyrinth seal and / or a gap seal.
• the central rotor cavity 12 Via the heat pipe 20 and the lateral cavity 13 is the central rotor cavity 12 with the heat exchange region of the condenser 18 to the gas-tight seals outside ask ⁇ connected.
• These conduit parts, together with the condenser space 18 and the central rotor cavity 12, are considered to be a conduit system.
• a refrigerant which is selected depending on the desired operating temperature of the HTS winding 10.
• a refrigerant selected depending on the desired operating temperature of the HTS winding 10.
• a refrigerant selected depending on the desired operating temperature of the HTS winding 10.
• water ⁇ material condensation temperature 20, 4 K at atmospheric pressure
• neon condensation temperature 27, 1 K at atmospheric pressure
• nitrogen condensation temperature 77, 4 K at atmospheric pressure
• argon condensation temperature 87, 3 K at atmospheric pressure
• mixtures of these gases can be provided.
• the circulation of the refrigerant takes place under utilization of a so-called thermosiphon effect.
• the refrigerant is condensed on a cold surface of the cold head 16 in the region of the condenser space 18.
• the so ver ⁇ flows fattyte, with k designated refrigerant through the cable ⁇ parts 22 in the central rotor cavity 12.
• the transport of the condensate occurs while under the influence of gravity.
• the heat pipe 20 may be slightly (by ei ⁇ nige few degrees) in relation to the rotational axis A inclined advantageously the heat pipe 20 so as to flow out of the liquid refrigerant k from the open end 20a of the tube to support the twentieth
• the liquid refrigerant is then evaporated ver ⁇ inside the rotor.
• the vaporous refrigerant is denoted by k ⁇ .
• This refrigerant vaporized with the absorption of heat then flows through the interior of the line parts 22 back into the condenser 18.
• the return flow is fanned by a slight overpressure in acting as an evaporator rotor cavity 12 in the direction of the condenser 18 through the emergence caused by gas in the evaporator and the liquefaction in the condenser space. Since the circulation of the liquefied refrigerant from the condenser space 18 into the central rotor cavity 12 and the return flow of the evaporated refrigerant k ⁇ from this rotor cavity back to the condenser space in the from the condenser 18, the line Share 22 and the rotor cavity 12 formed tubular conduit system is carried out, can be spoken of a single-pipe system with a circulation of the refrigerant k, k ⁇ using a thermosiphon effect. Of course, it is also possible to use known multitube line systems for the machine device according to the invention, which enable a circulation of the thermosyphon.
• Winding in this case is also not tet longer be quietest ⁇ .
• a special lining 25 made of a sufficiently porous Mate ⁇ material , preferably made of a sintered material. Its thickness D is generally between 0, 1 and 2 mm.
• a sintered material is selected for the embodiment. It is thus to be ensured that, even in imbalance due to capillary forces in the sintered material, the refrigerant k is uniformly distributed on the inner surface. shares, so that it is to ensure a uniform evaporation and thus cooling.
• the liner 25 should also made of a material with high thermal conductivity such. B. which consist of copper.
• Cu sintered material has a value of thermal conductivity at a temperature of 30 K of about 3000 W rrT 1 K -1 (see “Gmelin's Handbook of Inorganic Chemistry: Copper, Part A").
• the liner 25 has a good thermal contact with the winding body 9, the z. B. can be achieved by a shrink connection or by pressing.
• a corresponding lining may also be present in the form of a layer which is achieved by coating the inner surface of the carrier body 9 with a material.
• a sufficiently porous structure must be ensured so that the required capillary forces can be effective.
• the porosity of the lining 25 resp. its material should be at least 3% thereof, preferably at least 10% gen Betra ⁇ . In operation with inclined axis rotation, the lining then causes a uniform distribution of the liquid
• Refrigerant k wherein the distribution of the refrigerant on the walls or surfaces of the created with the structures or cavities refrigerant paths is additionally supported by the centrifugal forces occurring.
• the inventive liner is so uniform heat dissipation loss of the hollow cylinder over the entire inner surface both in the operating state and at Rota ⁇ tion can be in operation independently of the inclination of the motor axis A ensure.
• the refrigerant must k or.
• a vacuum environment is expediently provided, wherein optionally in the corresponding vacuum spaces additionally insulating such.
• Super insulation or insulation foam can be provided.
• the vacuum enclosed by the vacuum vessel 7 is designated by V. It also surrounds the lateral cavity 13 enclosing, up to the seal 21 extending pipe.
• the heat pipe 20 and the condenser 18 and the heat transfer body 17 enclosing vacuum is denoted by V ⁇ .
• a negative pressure can be generated.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Power Engineering (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Sustainable Development (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Thermal Sciences (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Motor Or Generator Cooling System (AREA)
• Superconductive Dynamoelectric Machines (AREA)

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• 2005
  • 2005-02-02 DE DE102005004858A patent/DE102005004858A1/de not_active Ceased
• 2006
  • 2006-01-18 EP EP06704299A patent/EP1844537A1/de not_active Ceased
  • 2006-01-18 CN CN2006800038445A patent/CN101111985B/zh active Active
  • 2006-01-18 US US11/883,509 patent/US20080164782A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2006-01-18 KR KR1020077017041A patent/KR100914344B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 2006-01-18 WO PCT/EP2006/050289 patent/WO2006082138A1/de active Application Filing

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