EP1844486B1 - Method for producing a contact piece, and corresponding contact piece for a vacuum interrupter chamber - Google Patents

Method for producing a contact piece, and corresponding contact piece for a vacuum interrupter chamber Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1844486B1
EP1844486B1 EP06701154.4A EP06701154A EP1844486B1 EP 1844486 B1 EP1844486 B1 EP 1844486B1 EP 06701154 A EP06701154 A EP 06701154A EP 1844486 B1 EP1844486 B1 EP 1844486B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
contact piece
process according
layers
erosion
layer
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Not-in-force
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EP06701154.4A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1844486A1 (en
Inventor
Dietmar Gentsch Dr.
Günter Pilsinger
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ABB Technology AG
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ABB Technology AG
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/60—Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/66—Vacuum switches
    • H01H33/664—Contacts; Arc-extinguishing means, e.g. arcing rings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H1/00—Contacts
    • H01H1/02—Contacts characterised by the material thereof
    • H01H1/0203—Contacts characterised by the material thereof specially adapted for vacuum switches
    • H01H1/0206—Contacts characterised by the material thereof specially adapted for vacuum switches containing as major components Cu and Cr
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H11/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of electric switches
    • H01H11/04—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of electric switches of switch contacts
    • H01H11/041—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of electric switches of switch contacts by bonding of a contact marking face to a contact body portion
    • H01H11/045—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of electric switches of switch contacts by bonding of a contact marking face to a contact body portion with the help of an intermediate layer
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49002—Electrical device making
    • Y10T29/49105—Switch making
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49002—Electrical device making
    • Y10T29/49117—Conductor or circuit manufacturing
    • Y10T29/49124—On flat or curved insulated base, e.g., printed circuit, etc.
    • Y10T29/49128—Assembling formed circuit to base
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49002—Electrical device making
    • Y10T29/49117—Conductor or circuit manufacturing
    • Y10T29/49124—On flat or curved insulated base, e.g., printed circuit, etc.
    • Y10T29/4913—Assembling to base an electrical component, e.g., capacitor, etc.
    • Y10T29/49144—Assembling to base an electrical component, e.g., capacitor, etc. by metal fusion
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49002—Electrical device making
    • Y10T29/49117—Conductor or circuit manufacturing
    • Y10T29/49124—On flat or curved insulated base, e.g., printed circuit, etc.
    • Y10T29/49147—Assembling terminal to base
    • Y10T29/49149—Assembling terminal to base by metal fusion bonding
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49002—Electrical device making
    • Y10T29/49117—Conductor or circuit manufacturing
    • Y10T29/49204—Contact or terminal manufacturing
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49002—Electrical device making
    • Y10T29/49117—Conductor or circuit manufacturing
    • Y10T29/49204—Contact or terminal manufacturing
    • Y10T29/49206—Contact or terminal manufacturing by powder metallurgy

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for producing a contact piece, in particular for use in a low voltage medium voltage and high voltage vacuum switching chamber according to the preamble of claim 1, and a contact piece for a vacuum interrupter itself, according to the preamble of claim 12.
  • Switching chambers in particular vacuum switching chambers used in low-voltage, medium-voltage, high-voltage and generator switching devices, are provided within the chamber housing with contact pieces which make the electrical contact in the closed state of the arrangement and at which a plasma arc is formed when turned off, especially under short-circuit conditions (an arc that burns in a vacuum atmosphere).
  • contact pieces which make the electrical contact in the closed state of the arrangement and at which a plasma arc is formed when turned off, especially under short-circuit conditions (an arc that burns in a vacuum atmosphere).
  • radial magnetic field contact systems are often used.
  • the radial magnetic field is generated by means of coil sickle segments, the sickle elements being formed by slots introduced into the contact piece plates.
  • radial magnetic field contact systems or the contact pieces used therein are that there is a low current path resistance, wherein in the overall arrangement in this simple system, a high contact pressure force can be introduced. It is also known that the radial magnetic field contact pieces used in this case are formed in a cylindrical disk shape with rounded outer edges. This serves to improve the dielectric properties.
  • Multilayer contact pieces in which the cross-section is outwardly double conical are also known.
  • a per se advantageous arrangement as, for example, from the DE 3840192 A1 is known, constructed from a multilayer system in which the erosion resistant contact layer of a standard contact material, for example, CuCr 25 and the second layer is preferably made of pure copper.
  • the pure copper ensures high electrical and thermal conductivity, while the CuCr layer ensures the resistance to erosion in the contact area itself.
  • the described double conical design results in a disk-like shape, which is particularly easy to produce for contact pieces with a large outer diameter, and is preferably used in high-current or generator switch assemblies.
  • the center of gravity of the individual contact piece sickles of the radial magnetic field contact piece can be further displaced in the direction of the center of the axis, as a result of which the force occurring in a mechanical switching operation causes a smaller moment at the transition point to the contact piece.
  • the resulting mechanical stresses are reduced by this measure on the one hand advantageous and on the other hand, a longer life is achieved with frequent mechanical switching operations.
  • multi-layer contact pieces (multilayer contacts, called MLC) as well as from the EP 1111631 are prepared in a process in which they are brought together, for example, in an inert crucible (ceramic) by the sintering process.
  • MLC multi-layer contact pieces
  • the advantage of multilayer contact systems should be improved so that even greater layer thicknesses can be used which improve the electrical properties.
  • the core of the invention is in this case that, in order to achieve greater wall thicknesses or layer thicknesses of the layers to be brought together of the contact pieces, placed between the layers to be joined a solder foil and the entire assembly is heated in a soldering oven to soldering temperature and on the other hand, the desired two-layered ( or multiple layers,> 2) can be achieved by stacking several layers of powder.
  • This can be achieved by the example of a two-layer contact piece by a stacking of copper powder and in the second layer of a mixture of KupferChrompulver. In the latter case, the stacking of powder, this is pressed in a mold into a compact (the green compact) and then sintered to the finished blank in the oven to the finished MLC blank.
  • the resulting two-layer MLC contact piece consists of a erosion-resistant contact layer of CuCr and an underlying particularly thick-walled copper layer as a second layer with a very high conductivity. This results in an extremely low current path resistance and also a good power supply to the contact outer region on the burns in the case of a short-circuit current of the arc to the subsequent zero current of the current when switching off.
  • the soldering of two components to form an MLC contact piece is quick and simple and, in the case of a multiple layer directly beyond the powder coating process, also considerably more economical.
  • large layer thicknesses over conventional methods can be achieved and used, so that the above-mentioned advantages of low current path resistances as well as a significantly higher mechanical strength and the application of high switching forces are ensured.
  • the conductivity is also increased in the present inventive method by virtue of the fact that the original conductivity of the materials used in the layers is virtually retained by the heat treatment of the multilayer contact piece.
  • the transition thus produced which is formed by the inserted between the plates solder foil and the subsequent tempering in the soldering oven, not only results in a surface-bonded solder joint as such, but that through the entire heat treatment in the soldering furnace, the solder also over a corresponding microscopic penetration into the boundary surfaces of the materials penetrates.
  • the Fermi energies and the valence bands in the interface area are similar to each other in terms of solids or interference, so that metal - metal oxide impurities do not occur there, which occurs significantly more frequently in a sintering / melting process.
  • this high mechanical strength in conjunction with the achieved Abbrandfestmaschine also high on and off speeds can be driven, especially in contact pieces, which have a relatively large outer diameter, for example, for use in high-voltage, high-current and generator vacuum switching chambers.
  • CuCr 25 is used as the erosion-resistant material.
  • the upper layer with the underlying at least one further layer e.g. a copper layer is soldered in the manner according to the invention or prepared by a powder coating.
  • the solid state physical property set forth above holds true that in this type of soldering process of the MLC contact blank, the current path resistance is kept low by a potential discontinuity free transition zone.
  • the layers connected to one another are designed in such a way that, in the finished state of the contact piece, they produce a double conical disk-like shape.
  • the at least one further layer following the erosion-resistant layer is smaller in diameter or, in the case of a plurality, successively smaller.
  • the individual layers are powder metallurgically present as pressed green bodies and are sintered simultaneously in the soldering process.
  • the contact piece according to claim 1ff. provides a contact piece for a medium-voltage system, in particular for a vacuum switching chamber in the low, Medium voltage and high voltage range according to the method shown above.
  • FIG. 1 shows as an overall view of a vacuum interrupter chamber and subsequently in the FIG. 2 shown and described in detail.
  • FIG. 1 shows a vacuum interrupter chamber, consisting of the movable supply line 1, the vacuum interrupter chamber lid 2, which establishes the vacuum-tight connection between the insulator (ceramic) 6 and the metallic bellows 3.
  • the center screen 4 controls the electric field inside and outside the vacuum interrupter chamber and protects the insulator 6 from metal vapor.
  • the contact pieces 5 ' and 5 are the contact pieces 5 ' and 5 "arranged, which advantageously as MLC contact piece after FIG. 2 are designed.
  • the electric field control takes over the screen. 7
  • FIG. 2 shows the novel combination of two layers, namely a erosion-resistant first contact piece layer 5 ' , which may for example consist of CuCr or the abbrandfesten mentioned above materials or material alloys, and another contact piece layer 5 ", for example, made of copper, pure or alloyed
  • the layer 10 shows the soldering zone, in the case of the powder stacking on the boundary zone between the two (or more layers), a contact piece with optimized properties can be produced, which results in both Abbrandfestmaschine is particularly sufficient, but on the other hand also a low current path resistance and a high conductivity ge researcherrleitstet.
  • the contact piece is formed by stacking two layers with the interposition of a solder foil 10, which is then soldered to the assembly in a soldering oven. For example, by soldering a support plate made of steel, the mechanical strength can be further increased and additionally a B-field shielding function can be achieved.

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  • Contacts (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Switches (AREA)
  • High-Tension Arc-Extinguishing Switches Without Spraying Means (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Kontaktstückes insbesondere für die Verwendung in einer Niederspannungs- Mittelspannungs- und Hochspannungsvakuumschaltkammer gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruches 1, sowie ein Kontaktstück für eine Vakuumschaltkammer selbst, gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruches 12.The invention relates to a method for producing a contact piece, in particular for use in a low voltage medium voltage and high voltage vacuum switching chamber according to the preamble of claim 1, and a contact piece for a vacuum interrupter itself, according to the preamble of claim 12.

Schaltkammern, insbesondere Vakuumschaltkammern die in Niederspannungs-, Mittelspannungs-, Hochspannungs- und Generatorschaltgeräten verwendet werden, sind innerhalb des Kammergehäuses mit Kontaktstücken versehen, die den elektrischen Kontakt im geschlossenen Zustand der Anordnung herstellen und an denen beim Ausschalten sich ein Plasmabogen ausbildet, besonders unter Kurzschlussbedingungen (ein Lichtbogen, der in einer Vakuumatmosphäre brennt). In Vakuumschaltkammern dieser Art werden häufig sogenannte Radialmagnetfeldkontaktsysteme verwendet. In diesen wird das Radialmagnetfeld über Spulensichelsegmente generiert, wobei die Sichelelemente durch in die Kontaktstückplatten eingebrachte Schlitze entstehen.Switching chambers, in particular vacuum switching chambers used in low-voltage, medium-voltage, high-voltage and generator switching devices, are provided within the chamber housing with contact pieces which make the electrical contact in the closed state of the arrangement and at which a plasma arc is formed when turned off, especially under short-circuit conditions (an arc that burns in a vacuum atmosphere). In vacuum interrupters of this type so-called radial magnetic field contact systems are often used. In these, the radial magnetic field is generated by means of coil sickle segments, the sickle elements being formed by slots introduced into the contact piece plates.

Der Vorteil dieser Radialmagnetfeldkontaktsysteme beziehungsweise der darin verwendeten Kontaktstücke besteht darin, dass ein geringer Strombahnwiderstand vorliegt, wobei in der Gesamtanordnung bei diesem einfachen System eine hohe Kontaktdruckkraft eingebracht werden kann. Bekannt ist hierbei auch, dass die dabei verwendeten Radialmagnetfeldkontaktstücke in einer Zylinderscheibenform ausgebildet sind mit verrundeten Außenkanten. Dies dient zur Verbesserung der dielektrischen Eigenschaften.The advantage of these radial magnetic field contact systems or the contact pieces used therein is that there is a low current path resistance, wherein in the overall arrangement in this simple system, a high contact pressure force can be introduced. It is also known that the radial magnetic field contact pieces used in this case are formed in a cylindrical disk shape with rounded outer edges. This serves to improve the dielectric properties.

Aus der DE 199 02 500 A1 ist ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Kontaktstückes bekannt, bei welchem die Schichten eines Mehrschichtkontaktes mit einer dazwischen liegenden Lötfolie verbunden werden. Dabei wird aber die Herstellung gewünschter größerer Einzelschichtdicken mit einem einfachen Verfahren noch nicht berücksichtigt.From the DE 199 02 500 A1 For example, a method for producing a contact piece is known in which the layers of a multilayer contact are connected to an intermediate solder foil. However, the production of desired larger individual layer thicknesses with a simple method is not yet considered.

Es ist Stand der Technik, Kontaktsysteme mit Kontaktstücken aus Mehrschichtsystemen einzusetzen. Mehrschichtkontaktstücke, bei denen der Querschnitt nach außen doppelt konisch ist sind ebenfalls bekannt. Somit wird eine an sich vorteilhafte Anordnung wie, sie beispielsweise aus der DE 3840192 A1 bekannt ist, aus einem Mehrschichtsystem aufgebaut, bei denen die abbrandfeste Kontaktschicht aus einem Standard - Kontaktwerkstoff beispielsweise CuCr 25 und die zweite Schicht vorzugsweise aus reinem Kupfer aufgebaut ist. Das reine Kupfer sorgt für eine hohe elektrische und thermische Leitfähigkeit, währenddem die CuCr -Schicht die Abbrandfestigkeit im Kontaktstückbereich selbst gewährleistet.It is state of the art to use contact systems with contact pieces of multilayer systems. Multilayer contact pieces, in which the cross-section is outwardly double conical are also known. Thus, a per se advantageous arrangement as, for example, from the DE 3840192 A1 is known, constructed from a multilayer system in which the erosion resistant contact layer of a standard contact material, for example, CuCr 25 and the second layer is preferably made of pure copper. The pure copper ensures high electrical and thermal conductivity, while the CuCr layer ensures the resistance to erosion in the contact area itself.

Durch die beschriebene doppelt konische Ausbildung entsteht eine diskusähnliche Form, die besonders leicht bei Kontaktstücken mit großem Außendurchmesser herzustellen ist, und vorzugsweise in Hochstrom- bzw. Generatorschalteranordnungen Verwendung findet. So lässt sich außerdem der Schwerpunkt der einzelnen Kontaktstücksichel des Radialmagnetfeldkontaktstücks weiter in Richtung Achsmitte verschieben, wodurch die bei einer mechanischen Schalthandlung auftretende Kraft, ein geringeres Moment an der Übergangsstelle zum Kontaktstück bewirkt. Die daraus resultierenden mechanischen Spannungen werden durch diese Maßnahme zum einen vorteilhaft verringert und zum anderen wird eine höhere Lebensdauer bei häufigen mechanischen Schalthandlungen erreichbar.The described double conical design results in a disk-like shape, which is particularly easy to produce for contact pieces with a large outer diameter, and is preferably used in high-current or generator switch assemblies. In addition, the center of gravity of the individual contact piece sickles of the radial magnetic field contact piece can be further displaced in the direction of the center of the axis, as a result of which the force occurring in a mechanical switching operation causes a smaller moment at the transition point to the contact piece. The resulting mechanical stresses are reduced by this measure on the one hand advantageous and on the other hand, a longer life is achieved with frequent mechanical switching operations.

Bei die obengenannten Schrift DE 38 40 192 A1 beschriebenen Schrift sind die aufeinander gelegten Scheiben zuvor einzeln durch Stanzen geschlitzt. Dabei wird jedoch darauf geachtet, dass jede einzelne Scheibe nicht stärker (dicker) ist als deren gewählte Breite der Schlitze, die hineingestanzt sind.In the above font DE 38 40 192 A1 described script, the superimposed discs are previously slit individually by punching. However, care is taken to ensure that each individual slice is not thicker than its chosen width of slots that are punched into it.

Im Allgemeinen werden Mehrlagenkontaktstücke (Multilayerkontakte, genannt MLC) wie sie auch aus der EP 1111631 bekannt sind, in einem Verfahren hergestellt, in dem diese z.B. in einem inerten Tiegel (keramisch) nach dem Sinter- Schmelzverfahren zusammengebracht werden.In general, multi-layer contact pieces (multilayer contacts, called MLC) as well as from the EP 1111631 are prepared in a process in which they are brought together, for example, in an inert crucible (ceramic) by the sintering process.

Davon ausgehend soll der Vorteil von Mehrschichtkontaktsystemen dahingehend verbessert werden, dass auch größere Schichtdicken Verwendung finden können, die die elektrischen Eigenschaften verbessern.Based on this, the advantage of multilayer contact systems should be improved so that even greater layer thicknesses can be used which improve the electrical properties.

Die gestellte Aufgabe ist bei einem Verfahren der gattungsgemäßen Art erfindungsgemäß durch die kennzeichnenden Merkmale des Patentanspruches 1 gegeben. Weitere vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens sind in den abhängigen Ansprüchen angegeben.The stated object is achieved according to the invention by the characterizing features of claim 1 in a method of the generic type. Further advantageous embodiments of the method according to the invention are specified in the dependent claims.

Im Hinblick auf ein Kontaktstück für einen Nieder-, Mittelspannungs- oder Hochspannungsvakuumschalter ist die gestellte Aufgabe erfindungsgemäß durch die kennzeichnenden Merkmale des Patentanspruches 11 gelöst.With regard to a contact piece for a low, medium voltage or high voltage vacuum switch, the object is achieved by the characterizing features of claim 11.

Kern der Erfindung ist hierbei, dass, um größere Wandstärken oder Schichtdicken der aufeinander zu bringenden Schichten der Kontaktstücke zu erreichen, zwischen die zu verbindenden Schichten je eine Lötfolie gelegt und die gesamte Anordnung in einem Lötofen auf Löttemperatur erhitzt wird und andererseits kann die angestrebte Zweischichtigkeit (bzw. Mehrlagigkeit, > 2) durch ein Aufeinanderschichten mehrerer Pulverschichten erreicht werden. Dieses kann am Beispiel eines zweischichtigen Kontaktstückes durch ein Aufeinanderschichten von Kupferpulver und in der zweiten Schicht aus einer Mischung aus KupferChrompulver erreicht werden. Im letztgenannten Fall der Aufeinanderschichtung von Pulver, wird dieses in einer Pressform zu einem Pressling (dem Grünling) verpresst und anschließend zum fertigen Rohling im Ofen zum fertigen MLC Rohling gesintert.The core of the invention is in this case that, in order to achieve greater wall thicknesses or layer thicknesses of the layers to be brought together of the contact pieces, placed between the layers to be joined a solder foil and the entire assembly is heated in a soldering oven to soldering temperature and on the other hand, the desired two-layered ( or multiple layers,> 2) can be achieved by stacking several layers of powder. This can be achieved by the example of a two-layer contact piece by a stacking of copper powder and in the second layer of a mixture of KupferChrompulver. In the latter case, the stacking of powder, this is pressed in a mold into a compact (the green compact) and then sintered to the finished blank in the oven to the finished MLC blank.

Das dabei entstehende zweilagige MLC Kontaktstück besteht aus einer abbrandfesten Kontaktschicht aus CuCr und einer darunter liegenden insbesondere dickwandigen Kupferschicht als zweite Schicht mit einer sehr hohen Leitfähigkeit. Dabei entsteht ein extrem niedriger Strombahnwiderstand und auch eine gute Stromzuführung zu dem Kontaktaußenbereich auf dem im Falle eines Kurzschlussstromes der Lichtbogen bis zum darauf folgenden Stromnulldurchgang des Stromes beim Ausschalten brennt.The resulting two-layer MLC contact piece consists of a erosion-resistant contact layer of CuCr and an underlying particularly thick-walled copper layer as a second layer with a very high conductivity. This results in an extremely low current path resistance and also a good power supply to the contact outer region on the burns in the case of a short-circuit current of the arc to the subsequent zero current of the current when switching off.

Gegenüber den übrigen MLC - Verfahren, bei denen ein integrierter Sinter- und Schmelzprozess erforderlich ist, ist dieses Herstellverfahren (der Verlötung von zwei Bauteilen zu einem MLC - Kontaktstück schnell und einfach und im Fall einer Mehrlagigkeit direkt über das Pulverschichtungsverfahren darüber hinaus auch erheblich wirtschaftlicher. Außerdem können große Schichtdicken gegenüber üblichen Verfahren erzielt und verwendet werden, so dass die oben genannten Vorteile geringer Strombahnwiderstände so wie einer deutlich höheren mechanischen Belastbarkeit und der Aufbringung hoher Schaltkräfte gewährleistet sind. Die Leitfähigkeit wird gegenüber dem MLC - Sinter- und Schmelzverfahren auch beim vorliegenden erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren noch dadurch erhöht, dass durch die Wärmebehandlung des mehrlagigen Kontaktstückes die Ursprungsleitfähigkeit der eingesetzten Werkstoffe in den Schichten nahezu erhalten bleiben. Im Falle der Verbundlötung wird nur die Schmelztemperatur des Lotes erreicht. Durch Diffusion in der Lötzone erhöht sich nur in dieser schmalen Zone der Widerstand bzw. verringert sich die Leitfähigkeit geringfügig.
Auch wenn die Mehrlagigkeit durch die Pulverschichtung und Verpressen der Pulver zum Grünling und durch Sintern der Rohling hergestellt wird, bleiben der Widerstand sehr gering und somit die Leitfähigkeit auf einem hohen Niveau.Compared with the other MLC processes, which require an integrated sintering and melting process, this manufacturing process (the soldering of two components to form an MLC contact piece is quick and simple and, in the case of a multiple layer directly beyond the powder coating process, also considerably more economical. In addition, large layer thicknesses over conventional methods can be achieved and used, so that the above-mentioned advantages of low current path resistances as well as a significantly higher mechanical strength and the application of high switching forces are ensured. In contrast to the MLC sintering and melting method, the conductivity is also increased in the present inventive method by virtue of the fact that the original conductivity of the materials used in the layers is virtually retained by the heat treatment of the multilayer contact piece. In the case of composite soldering, only the melting temperature of the solder is achieved. Due to diffusion in the soldering zone, the resistance increases only slightly in this narrow zone or the conductivity decreases slightly.
Even if the multi-layer is produced by the powder coating and pressing of the powder to the green compact and by sintering the blank, the resistance remains very low and thus the conductivity at a high level.

In weiterer vorteilhafter Ausgestaltung ist angegeben, dass mehrere Schichten (größer zwei) Scheiben oder Platten mit dem Kontaktstück beim Prozess verlötet, bzw. beim Pulverschichten hergestellt werden können. Gegenüber dem üblichen Multilayerkontakt - Verfahren, MLC Verfahren, wird durch diese Form der Lötung (oder auch Pulverschichtung) gegenüber dem Sinter - und Wärmebehandlungsprozess (Temperung) der Strombahnwiderstand jedoch deutlich geringer erhöht, so dass die Mehrfachanordnung von Scheiben keine nachteilige Beeinflussung der Leitfähigkeit mit sich führt.
Im übrigen hat sich herausgestellt, dass der so hergestellte Übergang, der durch die zwischen die Platten eingelegte Lötfolie und dem anschließenden Temperieren im Lötofen entsteht, nicht nur eine grenzflächenschlüssige Lötverbindung als solche ergibt, sondern dass durch die gesamte Wärmebehandlung im Lötofen das Lot auch über eine entsprechende mikroskopische Eindringtiefe in die Grenzoberflächen der Materialien eindringt. Dadurch gleichen sich festkörperphysikalisch die Fermienergien und die Valenzbänder im Grenzflächenbereich potential - bzw. störungsfrei aneinander an, so dass es dort nicht zu Metall - Metalloxydstörstellen kommt, was bei einem Sinter- Schmelzprozess deutlich häufiger auftritt.In a further advantageous embodiment, it is stated that several layers (larger than two) are soldered disks or plates to the contact piece during the process, or can be produced in the powder layers. Compared to the usual multilayer contact method, MLC method, this method of soldering (or else powder coating) compared to the sintering and heat treatment process (annealing) of the current path resistance increased significantly lower, so that the multiple arrangement of slices no adverse effect on the conductivity with it leads.
Moreover, it has been found that the transition thus produced, which is formed by the inserted between the plates solder foil and the subsequent tempering in the soldering oven, not only results in a surface-bonded solder joint as such, but that through the entire heat treatment in the soldering furnace, the solder also over a corresponding microscopic penetration into the boundary surfaces of the materials penetrates. As a result, the Fermi energies and the valence bands in the interface area are similar to each other in terms of solids or interference, so that metal - metal oxide impurities do not occur there, which occurs significantly more frequently in a sintering / melting process.

Im übrigen können durch diese hohe mechanische Beanspruchbarkeit in Verbindung mit der erzielten Abbrandfestigkeit auch hohe Ein-und Ausschaltgeschwindigkeiten gefahren werden, insbesondere bei Kontaktstücken, die einen relativ großem Aussendurchmesser beispielsweise für die Verwendung in Hochspannungs-, Hochstrom- und Generatorvakuumschaltkammern aufweisen.Moreover, this high mechanical strength in conjunction with the achieved Abbrandfestigkeit also high on and off speeds can be driven, especially in contact pieces, which have a relatively large outer diameter, for example, for use in high-voltage, high-current and generator vacuum switching chambers.

In weiterer vorteilhafter Ausgestaltung ist angegeben, dass als abbrandfester Werkstoff CuCr 25 verwendet wird.In a further advantageous embodiment, it is stated that CuCr 25 is used as the erosion-resistant material.

Eine weitere Alternative besteht in der Verwendung von CuW. Eine weitere besteht in der Verwendung von CuCrW sowie alternativ WCAg oder auch andere. Grundsätzlich gilt hierbei, dass die obere Schicht mit der darunter liegenden mindestens einer weiteren Schicht z.B. einer Kupferschicht auf die erfindungsgemäße Weise verlötet oder über eine Pulverschichtung hergestellt wird. In allen diesen verwendeten Legierungen trifft die oben ausgeführte festkörperphysikalische Eigenschaft zu, dass bei dieser Art des Lötvorganges bzw. Sinterprozesses des MLC Kontaktrohlings der Strombahnwiderstand durch eine potentialdiskontinuitätsfreie Übergangszone niedrig gehalten wird.Another alternative is the use of CuW. Another is the use of CuCrW and alternatively WCAg or others. Basically, the upper layer with the underlying at least one further layer, e.g. a copper layer is soldered in the manner according to the invention or prepared by a powder coating. In all of these alloys used, the solid state physical property set forth above holds true that in this type of soldering process of the MLC contact blank, the current path resistance is kept low by a potential discontinuity free transition zone.

In weiterer vorteilhafter Ausgestaltung ist angegeben, dass in einem Teil der verwendeten Kontaktstückschichten Schlitze eingebracht sind beziehungsweise eingebracht werden.In a further advantageous embodiment, it is stated that in some of the contact piece layers used slots are introduced or introduced.

In weiterer vorteilhafter Ausgestaltung ist angegeben, dass die so miteinander verbundenen Schichten so ausgebildet sind, dass sie im fertig bearbeiteten Zustand des Kontaktstückes eine doppelt konische diskusähnliche Form ergeben. Dies hat den Vorteil, der mit den oben ausgeführten dielektrischen Eigenschaften beschrieben wurde, und somit auch bei der Ausschaltung hoher Ströme insbesondere im Randbereich ein Verlöschen des Ausschaltlichtbogens begünstigen.In a further advantageous embodiment, it is stated that the layers connected to one another are designed in such a way that, in the finished state of the contact piece, they produce a double conical disk-like shape. This has the advantage that has been described with the dielectric properties outlined above, and thus favor a quenching of the Ausschaltlichtbogen also in the elimination of high currents, especially in the edge region.

In weiterer vorteilhafter Ausgestaltung ist angegeben, dass die der abbrandfesten Schicht nachfolgende mindestens eine weitere Schicht im Durchmesser kleiner ist beziehungsweise bei einer Mehrzahl sukzessive kleiner werden.In a further advantageous embodiment, it is stated that the at least one further layer following the erosion-resistant layer is smaller in diameter or, in the case of a plurality, successively smaller.

Weiterhin ist ausgestaltet, dass die einzelnen Schichten pulvermetallurgisch als gepresste Grünlinge vorliegen und im Lötvorgang gleichzeitig gesintert werden.Furthermore, it is configured that the individual layers are powder metallurgically present as pressed green bodies and are sintered simultaneously in the soldering process.

Das Kontaktstück gemäß Anspruch 1ff. stellt ein Kontaktstück für eine Mittelspannungsanlage insbesondere für eine Vakuumschaltkammer im Nieder-, Mittelspannungs- und Hochspannungsbereich nach dem oben dargestellten Verfahren dar.The contact piece according to claim 1ff. provides a contact piece for a medium-voltage system, in particular for a vacuum switching chamber in the low, Medium voltage and high voltage range according to the method shown above.

Die Erfindung ist in Zeichnung dargestellt und nachfolgend näher beschrieben.The invention is illustrated in the drawing and described in more detail below.

Es zeigt.

  • Figur 1: Gesamtdarstellung einer Vakuumkammer.
  • Figur 2: Kontaktstück
It shows.
  • FIG. 1 : Overall view of a vacuum chamber.
  • FIG. 2 : Contact piece

Figur 1 zeigt als Gesamtdarstellung einer Vakuumschaltkammer gekennzeichnet und nachfolgend in der Figur 2 detailliert gezeigt und beschrieben. Figur 1 zeigt eine Vakuumschaltkammer, bestehend aus der bewegbaren Zuleitung 1, dem Vakuumschaltkammerdeckel 2, der die vakuumdichte Verbindung zwischen dem Isolator (Keramik) 6 und dem metallischen Balg 3 herstellt. Der Mittelschirm 4 steuert das elektrische Feld innerhalb und außerhalb der Vakuumschaltkammer und schützt den Isolator 6 vor Metalldampf. Im Zentrum der Figur 2 sind die Kontaktstücke 5' und 5" angeordnet, die vorteilhaft als MLC - Kontaktstück nach Figur 2 ausgestaltet sind. Auf der Festkontaktseite ist Zuleitung 8 angeordnet, die elektrische Feldsteuerung übernimmt der Schirm 7. FIG. 1 shows as an overall view of a vacuum interrupter chamber and subsequently in the FIG. 2 shown and described in detail. FIG. 1 shows a vacuum interrupter chamber, consisting of the movable supply line 1, the vacuum interrupter chamber lid 2, which establishes the vacuum-tight connection between the insulator (ceramic) 6 and the metallic bellows 3. The center screen 4 controls the electric field inside and outside the vacuum interrupter chamber and protects the insulator 6 from metal vapor. In the center of FIG. 2 are the contact pieces 5 ' and 5 "arranged, which advantageously as MLC contact piece after FIG. 2 are designed. On the fixed contact side supply line 8 is arranged, the electric field control takes over the screen. 7

Figur 2 zeigt die neuartige Kombination von zwei Schichten, nämlich einer abbrandfesten ersten Kontaktstückschicht 5', die zum Beispiel aus CuCr oder den oben alternativ genannten abbrandfesten Werkstoffen oder Werkstofflegierungen bestehen kann, und einer weiteren Kontaktstückschicht 5", die zum Beispiel aus Kupfer, aus reinem oder legiertem Kupfer bestehen kann. Die Schicht 10 zeigt im Falle der Lötung von zwei oder mehreren Schichten die Lötzone, im Falle der Pulveraufeinanderschichtung auf die Grenzzone zwischen den zwei (oder mehr Schichten). Damit lässt sich ein Kontaktstück mit optimierten Eigenschaften herstellen was zum einen sowohl der Abbrandfestigkeit in besonderem Maße genügt, zum anderen aber auch einen niedrigen Strombahnwiderstand und eine hohe Leitfähigkeit gewährleitstet. FIG. 2 shows the novel combination of two layers, namely a erosion-resistant first contact piece layer 5 ' , which may for example consist of CuCr or the abbrandfesten mentioned above materials or material alloys, and another contact piece layer 5 ", for example, made of copper, pure or alloyed In the case of soldering two or more layers, the layer 10 shows the soldering zone, in the case of the powder stacking on the boundary zone between the two (or more layers), a contact piece with optimized properties can be produced, which results in both Abbrandfestigkeit is particularly sufficient, but on the other hand also a low current path resistance and a high conductivity gewährleitstet.

Bei der Verwendung oder der Erstellung dieser oben bereits beschriebenen Diskusform durch die Verwendung von doppelt konischen oder teilkonischen Schichten, die so zueinander gebracht werden, dass das Kontaktstück insgesamt doppelt konisch also mit abfallenden Flanken auf beiden Seiten ausgebildet ist, lassen sich auch neben den Schalteigenschaften besonders gute mechanische Eigenschaften erzielen. Das Kontaktstück wird durch ein Übereinanderschichten von zwei Schichten unter Zwischenfügen einer Lötfolie 10 gebildet, was in einem Lötofen sodann mit der Anordnung verlötet wird. Zum Beispiel kann auch durch Auflöten einer Trägerplatte aus Stahl die mechanische Festigkeit weiter gesteigert und zusätzlich eine B-Feld abschirmende Funktion erzielt werden.When using or creating this Discusform already described above by the use of double conical or partially conical layers, which are brought to each other so that the contact piece is a total of double conical so formed with sloping edges on both sides, in addition to the switching characteristics can be particularly achieve good mechanical properties. The contact piece is formed by stacking two layers with the interposition of a solder foil 10, which is then soldered to the assembly in a soldering oven. For example, by soldering a support plate made of steel, the mechanical strength can be further increased and additionally a B-field shielding function can be achieved.

Bezugszeichen:Reference numerals:

11
bewegbare Zuleitungmovable supply line
22
VakuumschaltkammerdeckelVacuum switching chamber cover
33
Balgbellows
44
Mittelschirmmedium screen
55
Kontaktstückecontacts
5'5 '
Kontaktstückcontact piece
5"5 '
Kontaktstückcontact piece
66
Isolatorinsulator
77
Schirmumbrella
88th
Zuleitungsupply
1010
Schicht/LötfolieLayer / solder film

Claims (11)

  1. Process for producing a contact piece, for use in a vacuum interrupter chamber, in particular in a low-voltage, medium-voltage and high-voltage vacuum interrupter chamber, the contact piece being formed from at least two layers (5', 5") with an interposed soldering foil (10), which layers are soldered to one another in a desired position in relation to one another in a soldering furnace,
    characterized
    in that the contact piece is produced from at least two layers (5', 5'') by powders being layered one above the other in a mold, so that, after a pressing operation, there is a powder compact, which becomes the multilayer contact blank by means of sintering.
  2. Process according to Claim 1,
    characterized
    in that the erosion-resistant contact piece layer (5') comprises an erosion-resistant copper-containing alloy, and the second contact piece layer (5") lying therebeneath comprises a copper layer having the same or a greater thickness.
  3. Process according to one of the preceding claims,
    characterized
    in that at least one further contact piece layer is provided, which is soldered with a soldering foil (10).
  4. Process according to one of the preceding Claims 1 to 3,
    characterized
    in that CuCr 25 is used as the erosion-resistant material.
  5. Process according to one of the preceding Claims 1 to 3,
    characterized
    in that CuCrW is used as the erosion-resistant material.
  6. Process according to one of the preceding Claims 1 to 3,
    characterized
    in that WCAg is used as the erosion-resistant material.
  7. Process according to one of the preceding claims,
    characterized
    in that at least the upper contact piece layer contains slits in the form of a radial magnetic field contact.
  8. Process according to one of the preceding claims,
    characterized
    in that the individual layers are designed such that and are connected to one another, or will be connected to one another, such that in the ready-soldered state, a single-cone or double-cone discus-like shape results.
  9. Process according to one of the preceding claims,
    characterized
    in that the layers (5', 5") have successively smaller diameters from the erosion-resistant layer down.
  10. Process according to one of the preceding claims,
    characterized
    in that the layers (5', 5") are present, prior to the soldering operation, as powder-metallurgical pressed green compacts, which are sintered at the same time as the soldering operation.
  11. Contact piece for a vacuum interrupter chamber, in particular for a medium-voltage vacuum interrupter chamber,
    characterized
    in that the contact piece (5) is produced according to one or more of the preceding process claims.
EP06701154.4A 2005-01-27 2006-01-24 Method for producing a contact piece, and corresponding contact piece for a vacuum interrupter chamber Not-in-force EP1844486B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE200510003812 DE102005003812A1 (en) 2005-01-27 2005-01-27 Method for producing a contact piece, and contact piece for a vacuum interrupter itself
PCT/EP2006/000578 WO2006079495A1 (en) 2005-01-27 2006-01-24 Method for producing a contact piece, and corresponding contact piece for a vacuum interrupter chamber

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EP1844486A1 EP1844486A1 (en) 2007-10-17
EP1844486B1 true EP1844486B1 (en) 2015-03-04

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EP (1) EP1844486B1 (en)
CN (1) CN101111914B (en)
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WO (1) WO2006079495A1 (en)

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US20120312785A1 (en) 2012-12-13
US8302303B2 (en) 2012-11-06
US8869393B2 (en) 2014-10-28
CN101111914B (en) 2014-02-19
DE102005003812A1 (en) 2006-10-05
EP1844486A1 (en) 2007-10-17
CN101111914A (en) 2008-01-23
WO2006079495A1 (en) 2006-08-03
US20080163476A1 (en) 2008-07-10

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