EP1844315A1 - Measuring arrangement and method for determining the concentration of particles in gas mixtures - Google Patents

Measuring arrangement and method for determining the concentration of particles in gas mixtures

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Publication number
EP1844315A1
EP1844315A1 EP06701168A EP06701168A EP1844315A1 EP 1844315 A1 EP1844315 A1 EP 1844315A1 EP 06701168 A EP06701168 A EP 06701168A EP 06701168 A EP06701168 A EP 06701168A EP 1844315 A1 EP1844315 A1 EP 1844315A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
sensor element
measuring
temperature
particles
electrical resistance
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP06701168A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1844315B1 (en
Inventor
Sabine Rösch
Thorsten Ochs
Bernhard Kamp
Henrik Schittenhelm
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Robert Bosch GmbH
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch GmbH filed Critical Robert Bosch GmbH
Publication of EP1844315A1 publication Critical patent/EP1844315A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1844315B1 publication Critical patent/EP1844315B1/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
    • G01N15/06—Investigating concentration of particle suspensions
    • G01N15/0606—Investigating concentration of particle suspensions by collecting particles on a support
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
    • G01N15/06—Investigating concentration of particle suspensions
    • G01N15/0656—Investigating concentration of particle suspensions using electric, e.g. electrostatic methods or magnetic methods
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
    • G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples
    • G01N1/22—Devices for withdrawing samples in the gaseous state
    • G01N1/2247—Sampling from a flowing stream of gas
    • G01N1/2252—Sampling from a flowing stream of gas in a vehicle exhaust

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a measuring arrangement and a method for determining the concentration of particles in gas mixtures and their use according to the
  • Exhaust Aftertreatment Systems Meaning that allow the filtration or elimination of existing in combustion exhaust soot particles.
  • sensors are needed with which an accurate determination of the particle concentration currently present in the combustion exhaust gas can be made possible even in long-term operation.
  • a load prediction example of diesel particulate filters in order to achieve a high level of system security and thereby use more cost-effective filter materials can be made.
  • Gases known in addition to a resistance measuring structure comprises a temperature measuring device and a heating element. This requires a relatively complicated structure of the sensor element, since the heating and the temperature measuring element and the Resistance measurement structure must be spatially separated within the sensor element and electrically isolated from each other.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a measuring arrangement and a method for determining the particle concentration of a gas mixture, which ensure a good measuring accuracy and make use of a sensor element with a simplified structure.
  • the measuring arrangement or the method for determining the concentration of particles in gas mixtures, in particular soot, with the characterizing features of the independent claims has the advantage that the problem underlying the invention is achieved in an advantageous manner.
  • This is based, in particular, on the simple structure of the sensor element on which the measuring arrangement is based since the installation of a heating element in the sensor element can be dispensed with.
  • This is achieved, in particular, by a temperature measuring element integrated in the sensor element fulfilling a double function in that it is operated in phases as a temperature measuring element and in phases as a heating element.
  • Measuring electrode comprises, which are designed as interdigital electrodes and with which an electrical resistance can be determined.
  • the use of interdigital electrodes increases the measuring accuracy of the sensor element and thus of the entire measuring arrangement.
  • the measuring arrangement has an evaluation unit, a temperature determined by means of the temperature measuring element of the sensor element and an electrical resistance or measured current determined by the measuring element of the sensor element being supplied to the evaluation unit and the measured electrical resistance being measured by means of an in the evaluation unit stored compensation algorithm is converted into a temperature-adjusted electrical resistance or current.
  • the compensation algorithm comprises at least one correlation between the temperature of the sensor element and its associated electrical resistance in at least one load state or at least one correlation of the temperature of the sensor element and the deposition behavior of the particles at at least one particle concentration in the gas mixture or both correlations.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of the components of the measuring arrangement and Figure 2 shows the sensor element shown schematically in Figure 1 in an exploded view.
  • FIG. 1 shows a basic structure of an embodiment of the present invention.
  • 10 is a measuring arrangement for determining the concentration of particles in
  • the measuring arrangement 10 comprises a sensor element 12 which is in physical contact with the gas mixture to be determined and generates a measurement signal proportional to the particle concentration of the gas mixture. At the same time, a determination of the temperature of the gas mixture is made via the sensor element 12.
  • the sensor element 12 is electrically contacted, for example, with a current or voltage supply 14.
  • the measuring arrangement 10 comprises an evaluation unit 16, which is likewise in electrical contact with the sensor element 12 and serves for the acquisition or processing of measured values. The evaluation unit receives both a measurement signal that is proportional to the deposited particle mass, as well as a measurement signal, - -
  • a correlation between the measurement signals of the sensor element and the current temperature of the sensor element is preferably produced by means of the evaluation unit 16 and temperature-adjusted measured values calculated therefrom. This happens, for example, by using appropriate compensation algorithms. Additionally or alternatively, the adsorption or desorption behavior of the deposited particles can be deposited at certain temperatures and included in the measurement value formation. In this way, both temperature influences on the electrical measurement signal of the sensor element and temperature effects due to the accumulation behavior of the particles to be determined, which have an indirect effect on the measurement signal, can be compensated. This improves the quality of the measured values obtained.
  • a calculation of the particle concentration is possible on the basis of the measured values, as long as the flow velocity of the gas mixture is known. This or the volume flow of the gas mixture can be determined, for example, by means of a suitable further sensor.
  • the evaluation unit 16 is preferably in contact with a control unit 18, which serves to regulate the current to be applied to the sensor element 12 by means of the current or voltage supply 14 or the corresponding voltage.
  • a control unit 18 which serves to regulate the current to be applied to the sensor element 12 by means of the current or voltage supply 14 or the corresponding voltage.
  • Control unit 18 initiated a regeneration of the sensor element 12.
  • an increased electrical power is applied to the temperature measuring element of the sensor element 12 by means of the current and voltage supply 14 in response to a corresponding signal of the control unit 18, so that heating of the sensor element 12 occurs.
  • This heating is preferably carried out to a temperature at which there is a burn-up or a relatively rapid desorption or oxidation of the deposited particles.
  • the electrical power applied to the temperature sensing element is again reduced substantially to its pre-regeneration level.
  • Sensor element 12 comprises, for example, oxygen-ion-conducting solid electrolyte layers 21a, 21b.
  • the solid electrolyte layer 21a is embodied as a ceramic film and forms a planar ceramic body. It consists of an oxygen-ion-conducting solid electrolyte material, such as Y 2 O 3 stabilized or partially stabilized ZrO 2 .
  • the solid electrolyte layer 21b is formed on the solid electrolyte layer 21a, for example, by screen printing a pasty ceramic material.
  • the ceramic component of the pasty material used here is preferably the same solid electrolyte material from which the solid electrolyte layer 21a also consists.
  • the sensor element for example, a plurality of electrically insulating ceramic layers 22a, 22b, 22c.
  • the layers 22a-22c are likewise produced by screen printing of a pasty ceramic material, for example on the solid electrolyte layers 21a, 21b.
  • Barium-containing aluminum oxide is used as the ceramic component of the pasty material, since this is also used in
  • Thermal cycling over a long period of time has a largely constant high electrical resistance.
  • the use of ceria or the addition of other alkaline earth oxides is possible.
  • two measuring electrodes 24, 26 are applied, which are preferably designed as interdigitated interdigital electrodes.
  • interdigital electrodes as measuring electrodes 24, 26 enables a particularly accurate determination of the electrical resistance or the electrical conductivity of the surface material located between the measuring electrodes 24, 26.
  • contact surfaces 28, 30 are provided in the region of an end of the sensor element facing away from the gas mixture.
  • the supply regions of the electrodes 24, 26 are preferably shielded from the influences of a gas mixture surrounding the sensor element 12 by a further, electrically insulating, ceramic layer 22d.
  • a porous layer On the large surface of the sensor element 12 provided with the measuring electrodes 24, 26, a porous layer, not shown for reasons of clarity, can additionally be provided, which shields the measuring electrodes 24, 26 in their intermeshed region from direct contact with the gas mixture to be determined.
  • the layer thickness of the porous layer is preferably greater than the layer thickness of the measuring electrodes 24, 26.
  • the porous layer is preferably open-pored, wherein the pore size is selected so that the particles to be determined in the gas mixture can diffuse into the pores of the porous layer.
  • the pore size of the porous layer is preferably in a range of 2 to 10 microns.
  • the porous layer is made of a ceramic material which is preferably similar to or conforms to the material of the layer 22a - -
  • the porosity of the porous layer can be adjusted accordingly by adding pore formers to the screen printing paste.
  • Layer 22a are arranged, there is initially substantially no current flow between the measuring electrodes 24, 26th
  • a gas mixture flowing around the sensor element 12 contains particles, in particular soot, they deposit on the surface of the sensor element 12.
  • the particles diffuse through the porous layer into the immediate vicinity of the measuring electrodes 24, 26. Since the particles have a certain electrical conductivity, an adequate current flow occurs when the surface of the sensor element 12 is sufficiently charged with particles between the measuring electrodes 24, 26, which correlates with the extent of the loading.
  • the integral of the current flow over time can affect the deposited particle mass or the current particle mass flow, in particular Soot mass flow, and be closed on the particle concentration in the gas mixture.
  • concentration of all those particles in a gas mixture is detected, which influence the electrical conductivity of the located between the measuring electrodes 24, 26 ceramic material positive or negative.
  • Another possibility is to determine the increase in current flow over time and from the quotient of current flow increase and time or from the differential quotient of current flow over time on the deposited particle mass or on the current particle mass flow, in particular soot mass flow, and on the Close particle concentration in the gas mixture.
  • the sensor element 12 comprises a temperature measuring element 32, which is designed in the form of an electrical resistance conductor track.
  • the resistor track is preferably made of a cermet material; preferably as a mixture of platinum or a platinum metal with ceramic portions, such as alumina.
  • the Resistance conductor track is furthermore preferably designed in the form of a meander and has electrical connections 46, 48 at both ends.
  • Possibility of Tempraturflop is to determine the per se temperature-dependent conductivity of between the resistor track of the temperature measuring element 32 and the measuring electrodes 24, 26 arranged ceramic body and close from its height to the temperature of the sensor element.
  • the present sensor element 12 makes the installation of a separate heating element dispensable.
  • the control unit 18 a regeneration of the measurement signals of the sensor element 12
  • Sensor element 12 initiated.
  • an increased electrical power is applied to the temperature measuring element 30 of the sensor element 12 by means of the current and voltage supply 14 in response to a corresponding signal of the control unit 18, so that heating of the sensor element 12 occurs.
  • This heating is preferably carried out to a temperature at which there is a burn-up or a relatively rapid desorption or oxidation of the deposited particles.
  • the electrical power applied to the temperature sensing element 32 is again reduced substantially to its pre-regeneration level. The operation of the temperature measuring element 32 thus takes place in a two-phase operation.
  • the temperature measuring element 32 is operated in a first phase in a measuring mode in which a temperature is determined via the temperature measuring element 32 in parallel with the determination of the electrical resistance by means of the measuring electrodes 24, 26.
  • a second phase which serves to regenerate the sensor element 12
  • heating of the sensor element 12 takes place by means of the temperature measuring element 32.
  • the temperature measuring element 32 is again operated in the temperature measuring mode of the first phase.
  • the present invention is not limited to the embodiments of a sensor element illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2, but numerous modifications of this sensor element may be made.
  • it is possible, for example, to provide additional ceramic layers in the sensor element or to simplify the multi-layer structure of the sensor element according to the application, as well as to provide further measuring electrodes.
  • the use of several heating and temperature measuring elements is possible.
  • one or more of the elements 14, 16, 18 can be combined to form a combination instrument.
  • the application of the sensor element described is not limited to the determination of soot particles in exhaust gases of internal combustion engines, but it can generally for the determination of the concentration of particles which change the electrical conductivity of a ceramic substrate on deposition, for example in chemical

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
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  • Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Electric Means (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a measuring arrangement and to a method for determining the concentration of particles in gas mixtures, particularly soot. To this end, a sensor element (12) with at least one measuring element, which is to be exposed to the gas to be identified, and with at least one temperature measuring element (32), which is integrated in the sensor element (12), as well as a control unit (18) are provided. Upon a signal of the control unit, a modified electrical power is applied in phases to the temperature measuring element (32).

Description

Messanordnung und Verfahren zur Bestimmung der Konzentration von Partikeln in GasgemischenMeasuring arrangement and method for determining the concentration of particles in gas mixtures
Die Erfindung geht von einer Messanordnung und einem Verfahren zur Bestimmung der Konzentration von Partikeln in Gasgemischen sowie deren Verwendung gemäß der imThe invention relates to a measuring arrangement and a method for determining the concentration of particles in gas mixtures and their use according to the
Oberbegriff der unabhängigen Ansprüche definierten Art aus.Generic term of the independent claims defined type.
Stand der TechnikState of the art
Im Zuge einer sich verschärfenden Umweltgesetzgebung erlangen zunehmendIn the course of a tightening environmental legislation gain increasingly
Abgasnachbehandlungssysteme Bedeutung, die die Filtration bzw. Eliminierung von in Verbrennungsabgasen existierenden Rußpartikeln ermöglichen. Um die Funktionstüchtigkeit derartiger Abgasnachbehandlungssysteme zu überprüfen bzw. zu überwachen, werden Sensoren benötigt, mit denen auch im Langzeitbetrieb eine genaue Ermittlung der aktuell im Verbrennungsabgas vorliegenden Partikelkonzentration ermöglicht werden kann. Darüber hinaus soll mittels derartiger Sensoren eine Beladungsprognose beispielsweise von Dieselpartikelfiltern ermöglicht werden, um eine hohe Systemsicherheit zu erreichen und dadurch kostengünstigere Filtermaterialien einsetzen zu können.Exhaust Aftertreatment Systems Meaning that allow the filtration or elimination of existing in combustion exhaust soot particles. In order to check or monitor the functionality of such exhaust aftertreatment systems, sensors are needed with which an accurate determination of the particle concentration currently present in the combustion exhaust gas can be made possible even in long-term operation. In addition to be made possible by means of such sensors, a load prediction example of diesel particulate filters in order to achieve a high level of system security and thereby use more cost-effective filter materials can.
Aus der DE 101 49 333 Al ist eine Sensorvorrichtung zur Bestimmung der Feuchtigkeit vonFrom DE 101 49 333 Al a sensor device for determining the moisture of
Gasen bekannt, die neben einer Widerstandsmessstruktur eine Temperaturmessvorrichtung sowie ein Heizelement umfasst. Dies bedingt einen verhältnismäßig komplizierten Aufbau des Sensorelements, da das Heiz- und das Temperaturmesselement sowie die Widerstandsmessstruktur innerhalb des Sensorelements räumlich getrennt und elektrisch isoliert voneinander ausgebildet werden müssen.Gases known in addition to a resistance measuring structure comprises a temperature measuring device and a heating element. This requires a relatively complicated structure of the sensor element, since the heating and the temperature measuring element and the Resistance measurement structure must be spatially separated within the sensor element and electrically isolated from each other.
Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es, eine Messanordnung und ein Verfahren zur Bestimmung der Partikelkonzentration eines Gasgemisches bereitzustellen, die eine gute Messgenauigkeit gewährleisten und auf ein Sensorelement mit vereinfachtem Aufbau zurückgreifen.The object of the present invention is to provide a measuring arrangement and a method for determining the particle concentration of a gas mixture, which ensure a good measuring accuracy and make use of a sensor element with a simplified structure.
Vorteile der ErfindungAdvantages of the invention
Die Messanordnung bzw. das Verfahren zur Bestimmung der Konzentration von Partikeln in Gasgemischen, insbesondere von Ruß, mit den kennzeichnenden Merkmalen der unabhängigen Ansprüche hat den Vorteil, dass die der Erfindung zugrundeliegende Aufgabe in vorteilhafter Weise gelöst wird. Dies beruht insbesondere auf dem einfachen Aufbau des der Messanordnung zugrunde liegenden Sensorelements da auf den Einbau eines Heizelements in das Sensorelement verzichtet werden kann. Dies wird insbesondere erreicht, indem ein in das Sensorelement integriertes Temperaturmesselement eine Doppelfunktion erfüllt, indem es phasenweise als Temperaturmesselement und phasenweise als Heizelement betrieben wird.The measuring arrangement or the method for determining the concentration of particles in gas mixtures, in particular soot, with the characterizing features of the independent claims has the advantage that the problem underlying the invention is achieved in an advantageous manner. This is based, in particular, on the simple structure of the sensor element on which the measuring arrangement is based since the installation of a heating element in the sensor element can be dispensed with. This is achieved, in particular, by a temperature measuring element integrated in the sensor element fulfilling a double function in that it is operated in phases as a temperature measuring element and in phases as a heating element.
Weitere vorteilhafte Ausführungsformen des vorliegenden Sensorelements bzw. Verfahrens ergeben sich aus den Unteransprüchen.Further advantageous embodiments of the present sensor element or method emerge from the subclaims.
So ist von Vorteil, wenn das der Messanordnung zugrunde liegende Sensorelement als Messelement zur Detektion von Partikeln im Gasgemisch eine erste und eine zweiteIt is advantageous if the sensor element on which the measuring arrangement is based serves as a measuring element for detecting particles in the gas mixture a first and a second
Messelektrode umfasst, die als Interdigitalelektroden ausgeführt sind und mit denen ein elektrischer Widerstand bestimmbar ist. Die Verwendung von Interdigitalelektroden erhöht die Messgenauigkeit des Sensorelements und somit der gesamten Messanordnung.Measuring electrode comprises, which are designed as interdigital electrodes and with which an electrical resistance can be determined. The use of interdigital electrodes increases the measuring accuracy of the sensor element and thus of the entire measuring arrangement.
Weiterhin ist von Vorteil, wenn eine Regenerierung des Sensorelementes vorgesehen ist, bei der das Temperaturmesselement mit einer elektrischen Leistung beaufschlagt wird, bei der es zur Erhitzung des Sensorelements insbesondere auf die Abbrandtemperatur der auf der Oberfläche des Sensorelements abgelagerten Partikel kommt. In einer besonders vorteilhaften Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung weist die Messanordnung eine Auswerteeinheit auf, wobei eine mittels dem Temperaturmesselement des Sensorelementes ermittelte Temperatur und ein mittels dem Messelement des Sensorelementes bestimmter elektrischer Widerstand bzw. gemessene Stromstärke der Auswerteeinheit zugeführt wird und der gemessene elektrische Widerstand mittels eines in der Auswerteeinheit hinterlegten Kompensationsalgorithmus in einen temperaturbereinigten elektrischen Widerstand bzw. Stromstärke überführt wird. Dabei umfasst der Kompensationsalgorithmus zumindest eine Korrelation zwischen der Temperatur des Sensorelements und dessen zugehörigem elektrischem Widerstand bei mindestens einem Beladungszustand oder mindestens eine Korrelation der Temperatur des Sensorelements und dem Anlagerungsverhalten der Partikel bei mindestens einer Partikelkonzentration im Gasgemisch oder beide Korrelationen.Furthermore, it is advantageous if a regeneration of the sensor element is provided, in which the temperature measuring element is acted upon by an electrical power, in which it comes to heating of the sensor element in particular to the burning temperature of the deposited on the surface of the sensor element particles. In a particularly advantageous embodiment of the present invention, the measuring arrangement has an evaluation unit, a temperature determined by means of the temperature measuring element of the sensor element and an electrical resistance or measured current determined by the measuring element of the sensor element being supplied to the evaluation unit and the measured electrical resistance being measured by means of an in the evaluation unit stored compensation algorithm is converted into a temperature-adjusted electrical resistance or current. In this case, the compensation algorithm comprises at least one correlation between the temperature of the sensor element and its associated electrical resistance in at least one load state or at least one correlation of the temperature of the sensor element and the deposition behavior of the particles at at least one particle concentration in the gas mixture or both correlations.
Zeichnungdrawing
Ein Ausführungsbeispiel einer erfindungsgemäßen Messanordnung ist in der Zeichnung schematisch vereinfacht dargestellt und wird in der nachfolgenden Beschreibung näher erläutert. Dabei zeigt Figur 1 eine schematische Darstellung der Komponenten der Messanordnung und Figur 2 das in Figur 1 schematisch dargestellte Sensorelement in einer Explosionsdarstellung.An embodiment of a measuring arrangement according to the invention is shown schematically simplified in the drawing and will be explained in more detail in the following description. 1 shows a schematic representation of the components of the measuring arrangement and Figure 2 shows the sensor element shown schematically in Figure 1 in an exploded view.
Beschreibung des AusführungsbeispielsDescription of the embodiment
In Figur 1 ist ein prinzipieller Aufbau einer Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung dargestellt. Mit 10 ist eine Messanordnung zur Bestimmung der Konzentration von Partikeln inFIG. 1 shows a basic structure of an embodiment of the present invention. 10 is a measuring arrangement for determining the concentration of particles in
Gasgemischen, insbesondere von Ruß, dargestellt. Die Messanordnung 10 umfasst ein Sensorelement 12, das mit dem zu bestimmenden Gasgemisch in physischem Kontakt steht und ein der Partikelkonzentration des Gasgemischs proportionales Messsignal generiert. Gleichzeitig wird über das Sensorelement 12 eine Bestimmung der Temperatur des Gasgemischs vorgenommen. Dazu ist das Sensorelement 12 beispielsweise mit einer Stromoder Spannungsversorgung 14 elektrisch kontaktiert. Weiterhin umfasst die Messanordnung 10 eine Auswerteeinheit 16, die ebenfalls mit dem Sensorelement 12 in elektrischem Kontakt steht und der Messwertaufnahme bzw. -Verarbeitung dient. Die Auswerteeinheit erhält dabei sowohl ein Messsignal, das proportional zur abgelagerten Partikelmasse ist, als auch ein Messsignal, - -Gas mixtures, in particular of soot, shown. The measuring arrangement 10 comprises a sensor element 12 which is in physical contact with the gas mixture to be determined and generates a measurement signal proportional to the particle concentration of the gas mixture. At the same time, a determination of the temperature of the gas mixture is made via the sensor element 12. For this purpose, the sensor element 12 is electrically contacted, for example, with a current or voltage supply 14. Furthermore, the measuring arrangement 10 comprises an evaluation unit 16, which is likewise in electrical contact with the sensor element 12 and serves for the acquisition or processing of measured values. The evaluation unit receives both a measurement signal that is proportional to the deposited particle mass, as well as a measurement signal, - -
das die aktuelle Temperatur des Sensorelementes repräsentiert. Da die eine Partikelmasse abbildenden Messsignale des Sensorelements 12 eine starke Temperaturabhängigkeit zeigen, wird mittels der Auswerteeinheit 16 vorzugsweise eine Korrelation zwischen den Messsignalen des Sensorelementes und der aktuellen Temperatur des Sensorelementes hergestellt und daraus temperaturbereinigte Messwerte berechnet. Dies geschieht beispielsweise durch Anwendung von entsprechenden Kompensationsalgorithmen. Zusätzlich oder alternativ kann das Adsorptions- bzw. Desorptionsverhalten der angelagerten Partikel bei bestimmten Temperaturen hinterlegt und in die Messwertbildung einbezogen werden. Auf diese Weise können sowohl Temperatureinflüsse auf das elektrische Messsignal des Sensorelements als auch Temperatureinflüsse bedingt durch das Anlagerungsverhalten der zu bestimmenden Partikel, die sich indirekt auf das Messsignal auswirken, kompensiert werden. Dies verbessert die Güte der erhaltenen Messwerte. Eine Berechnung der Partikelkonzentration ist auf der Basis der Messwerte möglich, sofern die Strömungsgeschwindigkeit des Gasgemisches bekannt ist. Diese bzw. der Volumenstrom des Gasgemisches kann bspw. mittels eines geeigneten weiteren Sensors bestimmt werden.representing the current temperature of the sensor element. Since the measurement signals of the sensor element 12 which depict a particle mass exhibit a strong temperature dependence, a correlation between the measurement signals of the sensor element and the current temperature of the sensor element is preferably produced by means of the evaluation unit 16 and temperature-adjusted measured values calculated therefrom. This happens, for example, by using appropriate compensation algorithms. Additionally or alternatively, the adsorption or desorption behavior of the deposited particles can be deposited at certain temperatures and included in the measurement value formation. In this way, both temperature influences on the electrical measurement signal of the sensor element and temperature effects due to the accumulation behavior of the particles to be determined, which have an indirect effect on the measurement signal, can be compensated. This improves the quality of the measured values obtained. A calculation of the particle concentration is possible on the basis of the measured values, as long as the flow velocity of the gas mixture is known. This or the volume flow of the gas mixture can be determined, for example, by means of a suitable further sensor.
Die Auswerteeinheit 16 steht vorzugsweise in Kontakt mit einer Steuereinheit 18, die der Regulierung des mittels der Strom- oder Spannungsversorgung 14 an das Sensorelement 12 anzulegenden Stroms bzw. der entsprechenden Spannung dient. Insbesondere dann, wenn den Messsignalen des Sensorelements 12 ein Sättigungsverhalten zu entnehmen ist, wird mittels derThe evaluation unit 16 is preferably in contact with a control unit 18, which serves to regulate the current to be applied to the sensor element 12 by means of the current or voltage supply 14 or the corresponding voltage. In particular, when the measurement signals of the sensor element 12 is to be taken from a saturation behavior, by means of the
Steuereinheit 18 eine Regenerierung des Sensorelements 12 eingeleitet. Dazu wird auf ein entsprechendes Signal der Steuereinheit 18 hin mittels der Strom- und Spannungsversorgung 14 an das Temperaturmesselement des Sensorelements 12 eine erhöhte elektrische Leistung angelegt, sodass es zu einer Erwärmung des Sensorelements 12 kommt. Diese Erwärmung erfolgt vorzugsweise bis zu einer Temperatur, bei der es zu einem Abbrand bzw. zu einer verhältnismäßig raschen Desorption bzw. Oxidation der angelagerten Partikel kommt. Dann wird die an das Temperaturmesselement angelegte elektrische Leistung wieder im wesentlichen auf ihr Niveau vor der Regenerierung reduziert.Control unit 18 initiated a regeneration of the sensor element 12. For this purpose, an increased electrical power is applied to the temperature measuring element of the sensor element 12 by means of the current and voltage supply 14 in response to a corresponding signal of the control unit 18, so that heating of the sensor element 12 occurs. This heating is preferably carried out to a temperature at which there is a burn-up or a relatively rapid desorption or oxidation of the deposited particles. Then, the electrical power applied to the temperature sensing element is again reduced substantially to its pre-regeneration level.
In Figur 2 sind Einzelheiten des in Figur 1 dargestellten Sensorelementes 12 abgebildet. DasDetails of the sensor element 12 shown in FIG. 1 are shown in FIG. The
Sensorelement 12 umfasst beispielsweise sauerstoffϊonenleitende Festelektrolytschichten 21a, 21b. Die Festelektrolytschicht 21a wird dabei als keramische Folie ausgeführt und bildet einen planaren keramischen Körper. Sie besteht aus einem sauerstoffϊonenleitenden Festelektrolytmaterial, wie beispielsweise mit Y2O3 stabilisiertem oder teilstabilisiertem ZrO2. Die Festelektrolytschicht 21b wird dagegen beispielsweise mittels Siebdruck eines pastösen keramischen Materials auf der Festelektrolytschicht 21a erzeugt. Als keramische Komponente des pastösen Materials wird dabei bevorzugt dasselbe Festelektrolytmaterial verwendet, aus dem auch die Festelektrolytschicht 21a besteht.Sensor element 12 comprises, for example, oxygen-ion-conducting solid electrolyte layers 21a, 21b. The solid electrolyte layer 21a is embodied as a ceramic film and forms a planar ceramic body. It consists of an oxygen-ion-conducting solid electrolyte material, such as Y 2 O 3 stabilized or partially stabilized ZrO 2 . On the other hand, the solid electrolyte layer 21b is formed on the solid electrolyte layer 21a, for example, by screen printing a pasty ceramic material. The ceramic component of the pasty material used here is preferably the same solid electrolyte material from which the solid electrolyte layer 21a also consists.
Weiterhin weist das Sensorelement beispielsweise eine Vielzahl von elektrisch isolierenden keramischen Schichten 22a, 22b, 22c auf. Die Schichten 22a - 22c werden dabei ebenfalls mittels Siebdruck eines pastösen keramischen Materials beispielsweise auf den Festelektrolytschichten 21a, 21b erzeugt. Als keramische Komponente des pastösen Materials wird dabei beispielsweise bariumhaltiges Aluminiumoxid verwendet wird, da dieses auch beiFurthermore, the sensor element, for example, a plurality of electrically insulating ceramic layers 22a, 22b, 22c. The layers 22a-22c are likewise produced by screen printing of a pasty ceramic material, for example on the solid electrolyte layers 21a, 21b. Barium-containing aluminum oxide is used as the ceramic component of the pasty material, since this is also used in
Temperaturwechselbeanspruchungen über einen langen Zeitraum einen weitgehend konstant hohen elektrischen Widerstand aufweist. Alternativ ist auch die Verwendung von Cerdioxid bzw. der Zusatz anderer Erdalkalioxide möglich.Thermal cycling over a long period of time has a largely constant high electrical resistance. Alternatively, the use of ceria or the addition of other alkaline earth oxides is possible.
Auf einer Großfläche des Sensorelements 10 sind beispielsweise zwei Messelektroden 24, 26 aufgebracht, die vorzugsweise als ineinander verzahnte Interdigitalelektroden ausgebildet sind. Die Verwendung von Interdigitalelektroden als Messelektroden 24, 26 ermöglicht eine besonders genaue Bestimmung des elektrischen Widerstandes bzw. der elektrischen Leitfähigkeit des sich zwischen den Messelektroden 24, 26 befindenden Oberflächenmaterials. Zur Kontaktierung der Messelektroden 24, 26 sind im Bereich eines dem Gasgemisch abgewandten Ende des Sensorelements 12 Kontaktflächen 28, 30 vorgesehen. Dabei sind die Zuleitungsbereiche der Elektroden 24, 26 vorzugsweise durch eine weitere, elektrisch isolierende, keramische Schicht 22d gegenüber den Einflüssen eines das Sensorelement 12 umgebenden Gasgemischs abgeschirmt.On a large surface of the sensor element 10, for example, two measuring electrodes 24, 26 are applied, which are preferably designed as interdigitated interdigital electrodes. The use of interdigital electrodes as measuring electrodes 24, 26 enables a particularly accurate determination of the electrical resistance or the electrical conductivity of the surface material located between the measuring electrodes 24, 26. For contacting the measuring electrodes 24, 26, contact surfaces 28, 30 are provided in the region of an end of the sensor element facing away from the gas mixture. In this case, the supply regions of the electrodes 24, 26 are preferably shielded from the influences of a gas mixture surrounding the sensor element 12 by a further, electrically insulating, ceramic layer 22d.
Auf der mit den Messelektroden 24, 26 versehenen Großfläche des Sensorelements 12 kann zusätzlich eine aus Übersichtlichkeitsgründen nicht dargestellte poröse Schicht vorgesehen sein, die die Messelektroden 24, 26 in ihrem ineinander verzahnten Bereich gegenüber einem direkten Kontakt mit dem zu bestimmenden Gasgemisch abschirmt. Dabei ist die Schichtdicke der porösen Schicht vorzugsweise größer als die Schichtdicke der Messelektroden 24, 26. Die poröse Schicht ist vorzugsweise offenporös ausgeführt, wobei die Porengröße so gewählt wird, dass die zu bestimmenden Partikel im Gasgemisch in die Poren der porösen Schicht eindiffundieren können. Die Porengröße der porösen Schicht liegt dabei vorzugsweise in einem Bereich von 2 bis 10 μm. Die poröse Schicht ist aus einem keramischen Material ausgeführt, das vorzugsweise dem Material der Schicht 22a ähnlich ist oder diesem entspricht und kann - —On the large surface of the sensor element 12 provided with the measuring electrodes 24, 26, a porous layer, not shown for reasons of clarity, can additionally be provided, which shields the measuring electrodes 24, 26 in their intermeshed region from direct contact with the gas mixture to be determined. The layer thickness of the porous layer is preferably greater than the layer thickness of the measuring electrodes 24, 26. The porous layer is preferably open-pored, wherein the pore size is selected so that the particles to be determined in the gas mixture can diffuse into the pores of the porous layer. The pore size of the porous layer is preferably in a range of 2 to 10 microns. The porous layer is made of a ceramic material which is preferably similar to or conforms to the material of the layer 22a - -
mittels Siebdruck hergestellt werden. Die Porosität der porösen Schicht kann durch Zusatz von Porenbildnern zu der Siebdruckpaste entsprechend eingestellt werden.be produced by screen printing. The porosity of the porous layer can be adjusted accordingly by adding pore formers to the screen printing paste.
Während des Betriebs des Sensorelementes 12 wird an die Messelektroden 24, 26 eine Spannung angelegt. Da die Messelektroden 24, 26 auf der Oberfläche der elektrisch isolierendenDuring operation of the sensor element 12, a voltage is applied to the measuring electrodes 24, 26. Since the measuring electrodes 24, 26 on the surface of the electrically insulating
Schicht 22a angeordnet sind, kommt es zunächst im wesentlichen zu keinem Stromfluss zwischen den Messelektroden 24, 26.Layer 22a are arranged, there is initially substantially no current flow between the measuring electrodes 24, 26th
Enthält ein das Sensorelement 12 umströmendes Gasgemisch Partikel, insbesondere Ruß, so lagern sich diese auf der Oberfläche des Sensorelementes 12 ab. Durch die offenporige Struktur der porösen Schicht diffundieren die Partikel durch die poröse Schicht hindurch bis in unmittelbare Nähe der Messelektroden 24, 26. Da die Partikel eine bestimmte elektrische Leitfähigkeit aufweisen, kommt es bei ausreichender Beladung der Oberfläche des Sensorelementes 12 mit Partikeln zu einem ansteigenden Stromfluss zwischen den Messelektroden 24, 26, der mit dem Ausmaß der Beladung korreliert.If a gas mixture flowing around the sensor element 12 contains particles, in particular soot, they deposit on the surface of the sensor element 12. As a result of the open-pored structure of the porous layer, the particles diffuse through the porous layer into the immediate vicinity of the measuring electrodes 24, 26. Since the particles have a certain electrical conductivity, an adequate current flow occurs when the surface of the sensor element 12 is sufficiently charged with particles between the measuring electrodes 24, 26, which correlates with the extent of the loading.
Wird nun an die Messelektroden 24, 26 eine vorzugsweise konstante Gleich- oder Wechselspannung angelegt und der zwischen den Messelektroden 24, 26 auftretende Stromfluss ermittelt, so kann aus dem Integral des Stromflusses über der Zeit auf die abgelagerte Partikelmasse bzw. auf den aktuellen Partikelmassenstrom, insbesondere Rußmassenstrom, und auf die Partikelkonzentration im Gasgemisch geschlossen werden. Mit dieser Messmethode wird die Konzentration all derjenigen Partikel in einem Gasgemisch erfasst, die die elektrische Leitfähigkeit des sich zwischen den Messelektroden 24, 26 befindenden keramischen Materials positiv oder negativ beeinflussen.If a preferably constant direct or alternating voltage is applied to the measuring electrodes 24, 26 and the current flow occurring between the measuring electrodes 24, 26 is determined, then the integral of the current flow over time can affect the deposited particle mass or the current particle mass flow, in particular Soot mass flow, and be closed on the particle concentration in the gas mixture. With this measuring method, the concentration of all those particles in a gas mixture is detected, which influence the electrical conductivity of the located between the measuring electrodes 24, 26 ceramic material positive or negative.
Eine weitere Möglichkeit besteht darin, den Anstieg des Stromflusses über der Zeit zu ermitteln und aus dem Quotienten aus Stromflussanstieg und Zeit bzw. aus dem Differentialquotienten aus Stromfluss nach der Zeit auf die abgelagerte Partikelmasse bzw. auf den aktuellen Partikelmassenstrom, insbesondere Rußmassenstrom, und auf die Partikelkonzentration im Gasgemisch zu schließen.Another possibility is to determine the increase in current flow over time and from the quotient of current flow increase and time or from the differential quotient of current flow over time on the deposited particle mass or on the current particle mass flow, in particular soot mass flow, and on the Close particle concentration in the gas mixture.
Darüber hinaus umfasst das Sensorelement 12 ein Temperaturmesselement 32, das in Form einer elektrischen Widerstandsleiterbahn ausgeführt ist. Die Widerstandsleiterbahn ist vorzugsweise aus einem Cermet-Material ausgeführt; vorzugsweise als Mischung von Platin oder einem Platinmetall mit keramischen Anteilen, wie beispielsweise Aluminiumoxid. Die Widerstandsleiterbahn ist weiterhin vorzugsweise in Form eines Mäanders ausgebildet und weist an beiden Enden elektrische Anschlüsse 46, 48 auf. Durch Anlegen einer entsprechenden Spannung bzw. eines entsprechenden Stroms an die Anschlüsse 46, 48 der Widerstandsleiterbahn und durch Bestimmen des elektrischen Widerstandes derselben kann auf die Temperatur des Sensorelements geschlossen werden. Eine alternative bzw. zusätzlicheIn addition, the sensor element 12 comprises a temperature measuring element 32, which is designed in the form of an electrical resistance conductor track. The resistor track is preferably made of a cermet material; preferably as a mixture of platinum or a platinum metal with ceramic portions, such as alumina. The Resistance conductor track is furthermore preferably designed in the form of a meander and has electrical connections 46, 48 at both ends. By applying a corresponding voltage or a corresponding current to the terminals 46, 48 of the resistor track and determining the electrical resistance of the same can be concluded that the temperature of the sensor element. An alternative or additional
Möglichkeit der Tempraturmessung besteht darin, die per se temperaturabhängige Leitfähigkeit des zwischen der Widerstandsleiterbahn des Temperaturmesselements 32 und den Messelektroden 24, 26 angeordneten keramischen Körpers zu bestimmen und aus dessen Höhe auf die Temperatur des Sensorelementes zu schließen.Possibility of Tempraturmessung is to determine the per se temperature-dependent conductivity of between the resistor track of the temperature measuring element 32 and the measuring electrodes 24, 26 arranged ceramic body and close from its height to the temperature of the sensor element.
Übliche Sensorelemente zur Bestimmung insbesondere von Rußpartikeln weisen weiterhin keramische Heizelemente auf, die in Form einer elektrischen Widerstandsleiterbahn ausgeführt sind und der Aufheizung der Sensorelemente auf eine Temperatur dienen, bei der es zu einem Abbrand der auf dem Sensorelement abgelagerten Rußpartikel kommt. Die Ausbildung eines separaten Heizelementes bedingt jedoch einen relativ aufwendigen Gesamtaufbau desConventional sensor elements for determining, in particular, soot particles furthermore have ceramic heating elements, which are designed in the form of an electrical resistance conductor track and serve to heat the sensor elements to a temperature at which the soot particles deposited on the sensor element burn off. However, the formation of a separate heating element requires a relatively complex overall structure of the
Sensorelements.Sensor element.
Das vorliegende Sensorelement 12 macht jedoch den Einbau eines separaten Heizelementes entbehrlich. Dazu wird insbesondere dann, wenn den Messsignalen des Sensorelementes 12 ein Sättigungsverhalten zu entnehmen ist, mittels der Steuereinheit 18 eine Regenerierung desHowever, the present sensor element 12 makes the installation of a separate heating element dispensable. For this purpose, in particular when the measurement signals of the sensor element 12 show a saturation behavior, by means of the control unit 18 a regeneration of the
Sensorelementes 12 eingeleitet. Dazu wird auf ein entsprechendes Signal der Steuereinheit 18 hin mittels der Strom- und Spannungsversorgung 14 an das Temperaturmesselement 30 des Sensorelements 12 eine erhöhte elektrische Leistung angelegt, sodass es zu einer Erwärmung des Sensorelements 12 kommt. Diese Erwärmung erfolgt vorzugsweise bis zu einer Temperatur, bei der es zu einem Abbrand bzw. zu einer verhältnismäßig raschen Desorption bzw. Oxidation der angelagerten Partikel kommt. Dann wird die an das Temperaturmesselement 32 angelegte elektrische Leistung wieder im wesentlichen auf ihr Niveau vor der Regenerierung reduziert. Der Betrieb des Temperaturmesselementes 32 erfolgt somit in einem Zweiphasenbetrieb. Dabei wird das Temperaturmesselement 32 in einer ersten Phase in einem Messmodus betrieben, bei dem parallel zur Bestimmung des elektrischen Widerstandes mittels der Messelektroden 24, 26 eine Temperaturbestimmung über das Temperaturmesselement 32 erfolgt. In einer zweiten Phase, die der Regenerierung des Sensorelementes 12 dient, erfolgt mittels dem Temperaturmesselement 32 eine Beheizung des Sensorelementes 12. Nach Ende der Regenerierung wird das Temperaturmesselement 32 wieder im Temperaturmessmodus der ersten Phase betrieben. - —Sensor element 12 initiated. For this purpose, an increased electrical power is applied to the temperature measuring element 30 of the sensor element 12 by means of the current and voltage supply 14 in response to a corresponding signal of the control unit 18, so that heating of the sensor element 12 occurs. This heating is preferably carried out to a temperature at which there is a burn-up or a relatively rapid desorption or oxidation of the deposited particles. Then, the electrical power applied to the temperature sensing element 32 is again reduced substantially to its pre-regeneration level. The operation of the temperature measuring element 32 thus takes place in a two-phase operation. In this case, the temperature measuring element 32 is operated in a first phase in a measuring mode in which a temperature is determined via the temperature measuring element 32 in parallel with the determination of the electrical resistance by means of the measuring electrodes 24, 26. In a second phase, which serves to regenerate the sensor element 12, heating of the sensor element 12 takes place by means of the temperature measuring element 32. After the regeneration has ended, the temperature measuring element 32 is again operated in the temperature measuring mode of the first phase. - -
Die vorliegende Erfindung ist nicht auf die in den Figuren 1 und 2 dargestellten Ausführungsformen eines Sensorelements beschränkt, sondern es können zahlreiche Abwandlungen dieses Sensorelements vorgenommen werden. So ist es beispielsweise möglich, zusätzliche keramische Schichten im Sensorelement vorzusehen oder den Mehrschichtaufbau des Sensorelements anwendungsbezogen zu vereinfachen, sowie weitere Messelektroden vorzusehen. Auch die Verwendung mehrerer Heiz- und Temperaturmesselemente ist möglich.The present invention is not limited to the embodiments of a sensor element illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2, but numerous modifications of this sensor element may be made. Thus, it is possible, for example, to provide additional ceramic layers in the sensor element or to simplify the multi-layer structure of the sensor element according to the application, as well as to provide further measuring electrodes. The use of several heating and temperature measuring elements is possible.
Weiterhin können einzelne oder mehrere der Elemente 14, 16, 18 zu einem Kombiinstrument zusammengefasst werden.Furthermore, one or more of the elements 14, 16, 18 can be combined to form a combination instrument.
Die Anwendung des beschriebenen Sensorelements ist nicht auf die Bestimmung von Rußpartikeln in Abgasen von Verbrennungsmotoren beschränkt, sondern es kann allgemein zur Bestimmung der Konzentration von Partikeln, die die elektrische Leitfähigkeit eines keramischen Substrats bei Anlagerung verändern, beispielsweise in chemischenThe application of the sensor element described is not limited to the determination of soot particles in exhaust gases of internal combustion engines, but it can generally for the determination of the concentration of particles which change the electrical conductivity of a ceramic substrate on deposition, for example in chemical
Herstellungsprozessen oder Abluftnachbehandlungsanlagen, eingesetzt werden. Manufacturing processes or exhaust aftertreatment systems, are used.

Claims

Ansprüche claims
1. Messanordnung zur Bestimmung der Konzentration von Partikeln in Gasgemischen, insbesondere von Ruß, umfassend ein Sensorelement (12) mit mindestens einem dem zu bestimmenden Gas ausgesetzten Messelement und mindestens einem in das Sensorelement (12) integrierten Temperaturmesselement (32), sowie eine Steuereinheit (18), dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass auf ein Signal der Steuereinheit (18) hin phasenweise am Temperaturmesselement (32) eine veränderte elektrische Leistung anliegt.1. Measuring arrangement for determining the concentration of particles in gas mixtures, in particular soot, comprising a sensor element (12) with at least one measuring element exposed to the gas to be determined and at least one temperature sensor element (32) integrated in the sensor element (12), and a control unit ( 18), characterized in that in response to a signal of the control unit (18) in phase at the temperature measuring element (32) applied to a modified electrical power.
2. Messanordnung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Messelement eine erste und eine zweite Messelektrode (24, 26) umfasst, durch die ein elektrischer Widerstand oder ein zwischen der ersten und der zweiten Messelektrode (24, 26) fließender elektrischer Strom bestimmbar ist.2. Measuring arrangement according to claim 1, characterized in that the measuring element comprises a first and a second measuring electrode (24, 26) through which an electrical resistance or between the first and the second measuring electrode (24, 26) flowing electrical current can be determined ,
3. Messanordnung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die erste und/oder zweite Messelektrode (24, 26) als Interdigitalelektrode ausgeführt ist.3. Measuring arrangement according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the first and / or second measuring electrode (24, 26) is designed as an interdigital electrode.
4. Messanordnung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die erste und die zweite Messelektrode (24, 26) auf einem elektrisch isolierenden Substrat (22a) angeordnet sind, wobei das elektrisch isolierende Substrat Aluminiumoxid und/oder Erdalkalioxide enthält. 4. Measuring arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the first and the second measuring electrode (24, 26) are arranged on an electrically insulating substrate (22a), wherein the electrically insulating substrate contains alumina and / or alkaline earth oxides.
5. Messanordnung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass eine Auswertevorrichtung (16) vorgesehen ist, die einen zwischen den Messelektroden (24, 26) anliegenden Stromfluss oder elektrischen Widerstand ermittelt und dies als Maß für die abgelagerte Partikelmasse ausgibt.5. Measuring arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that an evaluation device (16) is provided, which determines a voltage between the measuring electrodes (24, 26) current flow or electrical resistance and outputs this as a measure of the deposited particle mass.
6. Verfahren zur Bestimmung der Konzentration von Partikeln in Gasgemischen, insbesondere von Ruß in Abgasen von Verbrennungsmotoren, insbesondere mittels einer Messanordnung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüchen, wobei an ein in ein Sensor element (12) integriertes Temperaturmesselement (32) in einem ersten Zeitraum eine elektrische Leistung angelegt wird, die im wesentlichen nicht zur Erwärmung des Sensorelementes (12) führt und dass in einem zweiten Zeitraum eine abweichende elektrische Leistung an das Tempraturmesselement (32) angelegt wird, die zur Erwärmung des Sensorelementes (12) führt.6. A method for determining the concentration of particles in gas mixtures, in particular of soot in exhaust gases of internal combustion engines, in particular by means of a measuring arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, wherein a sensor element in a (12) integrated temperature measuring element (32) in a first period a electrical power is applied, which essentially does not lead to heating of the sensor element (12) and that in a second period, a different electrical power to the Tempraturmesselement (32) is applied, which leads to heating of the sensor element (12).
7. Verfahren nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass im ersten Zeitraum ein elektrischer Widerstand des Temperaturmesselementes (32) als Maß für die Temperatur des7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that in the first period, an electrical resistance of the temperature measuring element (32) as a measure of the temperature of
Sensor elementes (12) bestimmt wird.Sensor elementes (12) is determined.
8. Verfahren nach Anspruch 6 oder 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass im zweiten Zeitraum eine Regenerierung des Sensorelementes (12) durchgeführt wird, indem das Sensorelement (12) auf eine Temperatur erhitzt wird, die zum Abbrand der abgelagerten Partikel führt.8. The method according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that in the second period, a regeneration of the sensor element (12) is performed by the sensor element (12) is heated to a temperature which leads to the burning of the deposited particles.
9. Verfahren nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass eine Regenerierung des Sensorelements (12) eingeleitet wird, sobald der sich zwischen Messelektroden (24, 26) des Sensorelementes (12) einstellende Stromfluss einen vorbestimmten Wert überschreitet und/oder für einen vorbestimmten Zeitraum einen konstanten Wert annimmt.9. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that a regeneration of the sensor element (12) is initiated as soon as the between the measuring electrodes (24, 26) of the sensor element (12) adjusting current flow exceeds a predetermined value and / or for a predetermined period of time assumes constant value.
10. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 6 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass im ersten Zeitraum eine mittels dem Temperaturmesselement (32) ermittelte Temperatur und ein mittels eines in das Sensorelement integrierten Messelements bestimmter elektrischer Widerstand oder eine gemessene elektrische Stromstärke einer Auswerteeinheit (16) zugeführt wird und der elektrische Widerstand oder die Stromstärke mittels eines in der Auswerteeinheit (16) hinterlegten Kompensationsalgorithmus in einen temperaturbereinigten elektrischen Widerstand überführt wird, wobei der Kompensationsalgorithmus eine Korrelation zwischen der Temperatur des Sensorelements (12) und dessen elektrischem Widerstand bei mindestens einem Beladungszustand und/oder mindestens eine Korrelation der Temperatur des Sensorelements (12) und dem Anlagerungsverhalten der Partikel bei mindestens einer Partikelkonzentration im Gasgemisch beinhaltet.10. The method according to any one of claims 6 to 9, characterized in that in the first period of time by means of the temperature measuring element (32) determined temperature and supplied by means of a measuring element integrated in the sensor element certain electrical resistance or a measured electric current to an evaluation unit (16) and the electrical resistance or the current intensity is converted by means of a compensation algorithm stored in the evaluation unit (16) into a temperature-adjusted electrical resistance, the compensation algorithm determining a correlation between the temperature of the sensor element (12) and its electrical resistance in at least one Loading state and / or at least one correlation of the temperature of the sensor element (12) and the accumulation behavior of the particles at at least one particle concentration in the gas mixture includes.
11. Verwendung eines Sensorelements nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6 oder eines Verfahrens nach einem der Ansprüche 7 bis 10 zur Überwachung der Betriebsweise eines Dieselmotors oder der Funktionstüchtigkeit und/oder des Beladungszustands eines Partikelfϊlters. 11. Use of a sensor element according to one of claims 1 to 6 or a method according to one of claims 7 to 10 for monitoring the operation of a diesel engine or the functionality and / or the loading state of a Partikelfϊlters.
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