EP1843376B1 - Switching chamber of a high voltage switch with a variable heating volume - Google Patents

Switching chamber of a high voltage switch with a variable heating volume Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1843376B1
EP1843376B1 EP06405144A EP06405144A EP1843376B1 EP 1843376 B1 EP1843376 B1 EP 1843376B1 EP 06405144 A EP06405144 A EP 06405144A EP 06405144 A EP06405144 A EP 06405144A EP 1843376 B1 EP1843376 B1 EP 1843376B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
piston
heating volume
arc
space
gas
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Not-in-force
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EP06405144A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1843376A1 (en
Inventor
Christian Franck
Martin Seeger
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ABB Research Ltd Switzerland
ABB Research Ltd Sweden
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ABB Research Ltd Switzerland
ABB Research Ltd Sweden
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Application filed by ABB Research Ltd Switzerland, ABB Research Ltd Sweden filed Critical ABB Research Ltd Switzerland
Priority to AT06405144T priority Critical patent/ATE433191T1/en
Priority to DE502006003878T priority patent/DE502006003878D1/en
Priority to EP06405144A priority patent/EP1843376B1/en
Priority to CNA2007800124869A priority patent/CN101416263A/en
Priority to PCT/CH2007/000132 priority patent/WO2007112605A1/en
Publication of EP1843376A1 publication Critical patent/EP1843376A1/en
Priority to US12/245,297 priority patent/US20090078680A1/en
Publication of EP1843376B1 publication Critical patent/EP1843376B1/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/70—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/88—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts
    • H01H33/90—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts this movement being effected by or in conjunction with the contact-operating mechanism
    • H01H33/901—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts this movement being effected by or in conjunction with the contact-operating mechanism making use of the energy of the arc or an auxiliary arc
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/70—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/88—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts
    • H01H33/90—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts this movement being effected by or in conjunction with the contact-operating mechanism
    • H01H2033/908—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts this movement being effected by or in conjunction with the contact-operating mechanism using valves for regulating communication between, e.g. arc space, hot volume, compression volume, surrounding volume

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a switching chamber of a high voltage switch with a heating volume according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • the invention also relates to a switch with such a switching chamber.
  • This value corresponds to a density value which is achieved with a heating volume which is greater from the beginning, but whose volume would be too great to produce an extinguishing gas pressure when switching off small to medium currents, which has a sufficient magnitude for successful arc blowing.
  • FIGURE shows a plan view of a guided along an axis section through a designated for a gas-insulated high-voltage switch switching chamber according to the invention, in which the switching chamber is shown above the axis with the switch closed and below the axis when opening the switch.
  • the left end of the arcing contact 4 is inserted in an electrically conductive manner into the right end of the tubular arc contact 3.
  • the two arc contacts 3, 4 separate from each other and this forms a footing on the two ends of the arcing contacts arc L, which generates in the arc zone 8 hot high pressure gases.
  • the temperature and pressure of the arc gases are determined by the arc work and are therefore proportional to the duration of the arc current determined by the current zero crossing and approximately the square of the current to be switched off.

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  • Circuit Breakers (AREA)
  • Control Of High-Frequency Heating Circuits (AREA)
  • Constitution Of High-Frequency Heating (AREA)

Abstract

The chamber has a heating volume (6) for accommodating compressed quenching gas from an arc zone (8), where a part of a wall of the heating volume is formed by a differential piston (9). The piston has a piston step forming a working face (A2) that acts in an expansion space (12) and another working face (A1) that acts in a storage space (13) filled with insulating gas. A channel, which connects the heating volume to the storage space, is guided through the piston, where the channel is opened if the insulating gas pressure (p2) is greater than the quenching gas pressure (p1).

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung bezieht sich auf eine Schaltkammer eines Hochspannungsschalters mit einem Heizvolumen nach dem Oberbegriff von Patentanspruch 1. Die Erfindung betrifft auch einen Schalter mit einer solchen Schaltkammer.The present invention relates to a switching chamber of a high voltage switch with a heating volume according to the preamble of claim 1. The invention also relates to a switch with such a switching chamber.

Der gasisolierte Hochspannungsschalter dient in einem hochspannungsführenden elektrischen Netzwerk dem Ein- und Ausschalten von Strömen, deren Stärke sich von sehr kleinen induktiven und kapazitiven Ströme über normale Lastströme bis hin zu mittleren und grossen Kurzschlussströmen erstreckt. Zur Löschung eines beim Ausschalten gebildeten Lichtbogens wird in diesem Schalter ein Isoliergas mit guten Lichtbogenlöscheigenschaften verwendet, welches beim Ausschaltvorgang komprimiert wird und nachfolgend als Löschgas den Lichtbogen solange bebläst, bis dieser im Nulldurchgang des zu unterbrechenden Stroms erlischt. Als Kompressionsmittel dienen eine vom Schalterantrieb betätigte und daher Antriebsenergie benötigende Kompressionsvorrichtung und/oder der Schaltlichtbogen selber, dessen Energie ausgenutzt wird, um in einem Heizvolumen heisse Lichtbogengase unter Druck zu speichern (sogenanntes Selbstblasprinzip).The gas-insulated high-voltage switch is used in a high-voltage electrical network to turn on and off currents that range from very small inductive and capacitive currents through normal load currents to medium and large short-circuit currents. To extinguish an arc formed when switching off an insulating gas is used with good arc extinguishing properties in this switch, which is compressed during the turn-off and subsequently as arc gas inflates the arc until it goes out at the zero crossing of the current to be interrupted. As a compression means operated by the switch drive and therefore drive energy required compression device and / or the switching arc itself, whose energy is used to store hot arc gases under pressure in a heating volume (so-called Selbstblasprinzip).

Nach dem Selbstblasprinzip arbeitende Schalter verbrauchen keine Antriebsenergie und führen zudem in vorteilhafter Weise Abbrandmaterial einer Isolierdüse ins Heizvolumen. Der Druck wie auch die Temperatur im Heizvolumen nehmen nichtlinear und fast quadratisch mit der Stromstärke des Lichtbogens zu. Im allgemeinen sind eine vom Schaltlichtbogen ausgelöste Aufheizströmung und die Grösse des Heizvolumens auf Ströme kleiner und mittlerer Höhe optimal abgestimmt, da bei Abstimmung auf Ströme grosser Höhe die Aufheizströmung bei kleinen Strömen sonst viel zu gering wäre und keinen zur erfolgreichen Lichtbogenbeblasung ausreichend hohen Löschgasdruck im Heizvolumen aufbauen könnte.After the Selbstblasprinzip working switches do not consume drive energy and also lead burnout material of an insulating nozzle in the heating volume in an advantageous manner. The pressure as well as the temperature in the heating volume increase non-linearly and almost quadratically with the current strength of the arc. In general, a heating arc triggered by the switching arc and the size of the heating volume are optimal for small and medium-height flows tuned, because when tuned to currents of high altitude, the heating flow at low currents would otherwise be much too low and could not build sufficient for successful arc blowing high quenching gas pressure in the heating volume.

STAND DER TECHNIKSTATE OF THE ART

Eine Schaltkammer der eingangs genannten Art mit einem flexibel ausgebildeten Heizvolumen ist beschrieben in DE 44 12 249 A1 . Ein Teil der Begrenzungswand des Heizvolumens ist von einem Kolben gebildet, der entgegen einer Rückstellkraft in einem Hohlzylinder verschiebbar gelagert ist. Der Rauminhalt des Heizvolumens ist so bemessen, dass beim Ausschalten kleiner Ströme in seinem Inneren ein Löschgasdruck aufgebaut wird, der ausreicht, um einen zugeordneten leistungsschwachen Schaltlichtbogen im allgemeinen erfolgreich beblasen zu können. Beim Ausschalten eines starken Kurzschlussstroms wird im Heizvolumen ein hoher Löschgasdruck aufgebaut, der den Kolben entgegen der Rückstellkraft verschiebt und das Heizvolumen vergrössert. Zur Beblasung des leistungsstarken Schaltlichtbogens steht dann Löschgas hohen Drucks und hoher Temperatur aus einem vergrösserten Volumen zur Verfügung. Um beim Verschieben des Kolbens den Aufbau eines hohen Gegendrucks im Hohlzylinder zu vermeiden, ist der Hohlzylinder mit einem Expansionsraum der Schaltkammer verbunden.A switching chamber of the type mentioned with a flexibly designed heating volume is described in DE 44 12 249 A1 , A part of the boundary wall of the heating volume is formed by a piston which is displaceably mounted counter to a restoring force in a hollow cylinder. The volume of the heating volume is such that when switching off small currents in its interior, an extinguishing gas pressure is built up, which is sufficient to blow an associated low-performance switching arc in general can successfully. When switching off a strong short-circuit current, a high quenching gas pressure is built up in the heating volume, which shifts the piston against the restoring force and increases the heating volume. To extinguish the high-performance switching arc, extinguishing gas of high pressure and high temperature is then available from an enlarged volume. In order to avoid the buildup of a high back pressure in the hollow cylinder when moving the piston, the hollow cylinder is connected to an expansion space of the switching chamber.

DARSTELLUNG DER ERFINDUNGPRESENTATION OF THE INVENTION

Der Erfindung, wie sie in den Patentansprüchen angegeben ist, liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Schaltkammer der eingangs genannten Art zu schaffen, welche sich nach Einbau in einem gasisolierten Hochspannungsschalter trotz geringer Antriebsleistung durch ein gutes Schaltvermögen auszeichnet.The invention, as indicated in the claims, the object is to provide a switching chamber of the type mentioned above, which is characterized by installation in a gas-insulated high-voltage switch despite low drive power by a good switching capacity.

Bei der Schaltkammer nach der Erfindung ist ein einen Teil der Wand eines Heizvolumens bildender Kolben als Differentialkolben ausgeführt und weist auf seiner vom Heizvolumen abgewandten Seite eine Kolbenstufe auf, welche eine in einem Expansionsraum wirkende erste Arbeitsfläche und eine in einem isoliergasgefüllten Speicherraum wirkende zweite Arbeitsfläche bildet. Durch den Kolben ist ferner ein das Heizvolumen mit dem Speicherraum verbindender Kanal geführt, der geöffnet ist, wenn der Isoliergasdruck im Speicherraum grösser ist als der Löschgasdruck im Heizvolumen.In the switching chamber according to the invention, a part of the wall of a heating volume forming piston is designed as a differential piston and has on its side facing away from the heating volume on a piston step, which acts in an expansion space first working surface and in a insulating gas filled storage space acting second working surface forms. Through the piston, a channel connecting the heating volume with the storage space is further guided, which is open when the Isoliergasdruck in the storage space is greater than the quenching gas pressure in the heating volume.

Beim Ausschalten von Strömen kleiner bis mittlerer Höhe steht daher eine im allgemeinen ausreichende Menge an lichtbogenerzeugtem Löschgas zur Verfügung und wird dann allenfalls eine geringe Antriebsleistung zur Erzeugung von zusätzlichem Löschgas in einer Kompressionsvorrichtung benötigt. Beim Ausschalten von Strömen mittlerer bis grosser Höhe wird hingegen der Rauminhalt des Heizvolumens unter Zufuhr von frischem Isoliergas aus dem Speicherraum vergrössert. Die Dichte des im Heizvolumen vorgesehenen Löschgases wird daher unabhängig von der Grösse des abzuschaltenden Stroms auf einem für eine gute Aussschaltleistung erforderlichen hohen Wert gehalten. Dieser Wert entspricht einem Dichtewert, der mit einem von Anfang an grösseren Heizvolumen erreicht wird, dessen Rauminhalt allerdings zu gross wäre, um beim Ausschalten kleinen bis mittleren Strömen einen Löschgasdruck zu erzeugen, der eine zur erfolgreichen Lichtbogenbeblasung ausreichende Grösse aufweist.When turning off currents of small to medium height, therefore, a generally sufficient amount of arc-generated quenching gas is available and then at most a low drive power for generating additional extinguishing gas in a compression device is needed. When turning off currents of medium to high altitude, however, the volume of the heating volume is increased by supplying fresh insulating gas from the storage space. The density of the extinguishing gas provided in the heating volume is therefore kept at a high value required for a good switch-off capacity, regardless of the size of the current to be disconnected. This value corresponds to a density value which is achieved with a heating volume which is greater from the beginning, but whose volume would be too great to produce an extinguishing gas pressure when switching off small to medium currents, which has a sufficient magnitude for successful arc blowing.

Die erste Arbeitsfläche sollte derart bemessen sein, dass oberhalb eines Grenzwerts des im Heizvolumen herrschenden Löschgasdrucks die Rückstellkraft kleiner ist als eine aus der Differenz zwischen Löschgasdruck und Gasdruck im Expansionsraum gebildeten Gegenkraft. Durch diese Bemessung ist sichergestellt, dass der Kolben unter Vergrösserung des Rauminhalts des Heizvolumens verschoben werden kann und so in der Hochstromphase des abzuschaltenden Stroms stets frisches Isoliergas aus dem Speicherraum ins Heizvolumen tritt.The first working surface should be dimensioned such that, above a limit value of the extinguishing gas pressure prevailing in the heating volume, the restoring force is smaller than a counterforce formed from the difference between extinguishing gas pressure and gas pressure in the expansion space. This design ensures that the piston can be displaced by increasing the volume of the heating volume and thus always fresh insulating gas from the storage space in the heating volume occurs in the high-current phase of the current to be disconnected.

Die Rückstellkraft wird in im allgemeinen durch eine auf den Kolben wirkende Druckfeder erzeugt, welche in fertigungstechnisch einfacher Weise im Speicherraum oder im Expansionsraum angeordnet ist.The restoring force is generated in general by a force acting on the piston compression spring, which is arranged in a simple manufacturing manner in the storage space or in the expansion space.

Für eine stetige Frischgaszufuhr aus dem Speicherraum ins Heizvolumen und damit für eine hohe Dichte des Löschgases ist beim Schalten mittlerer bis grosser Ströme gesorgt, wenn in der Hochstromphase des abzuschaltenden Stroms die Kraft der Druckfeder über einen durch zwei Anschläge begrenzten Verschiebungsweg des Kolbens kleiner ist als eine auf den Kolben wirkende Differenzkraft A2·(p1 - p0), wobei p1 der durch die Arbeit eines Schaltlichtbogens in der Heizkammer erzeugte Gasdruck ist, p0 der Gasdruck im Expansionsraum und A2 die Grösse der ersten Arbeitsfläche.For a steady supply of fresh gas from the storage space into the heating volume and thus for a high density of the quenching gas is provided when switching medium to large currents when in the high-current phase of the current to be disconnected Force of the compression spring is smaller than a differential force A 2 · (p 1 -p 0 ) acting on the piston via a displacement path of the piston limited by two stops, where p 1 is the gas pressure generated by the operation of a switching arc in the heating chamber, p 0 the gas pressure in the expansion space and A 2 the size of the first working surface.

Um Platz zu sparen und um so die Abmessungen der Schaltkammer klein zu halten, ist die erste Arbeitsfläche von einem axial erstreckten Kolbenfortsatz gebildet und enthält der Expansionsraum einen axial ausgerichteten Teilraum, in dem die erste Arbeitsfläche verschiebbar geführt ist. Ist der Kolbenfortsatz rohrförmig ausgeführt und weist der Teilraum ein als Hohlzylinder ausgeführtes Volumen auf, so zeichnet sich die Schaltkammer durch eine grosse Betriebssicherheit aus, da betriebstechnisch wichtige Eigenschaften, wie insbesondere die Gasdichtigkeit, die mechanische und die dielektrische Festigkeit sowie die Stromtragfähigkeit, mit einfachen Mitteln optimiert werden. Ist die Aussenfläche des Hohlzylinders von einem das Heizvolumen nach aussen begrenzenden Metallrohr und die Innenfläche von der Isolierdüse gebildet, so kann für eine kostengünstige Fertigung der Schaltkammer auf sowieso schon vorhandene Bauteile zurückgegriffen werden.In order to save space and so as to keep the dimensions of the switching chamber small, the first working surface is formed by an axially extending piston extension and contains the expansion space an axially aligned subspace in which the first working surface is slidably guided. If the piston extension is tubular and the subspace has a volume designed as a hollow cylinder, then the interrupter chamber is characterized by a high degree of operational reliability, since operationally important properties, in particular gas tightness, mechanical and dielectric strength and current carrying capacity, are achieved with simple means be optimized. If the outer surface of the hollow cylinder is formed by a metal tube bounding the heating volume to the outside and the inner surface by the insulating nozzle, it is possible to resort to already existing components for cost-effective production of the switching chamber.

Ist in einer zwischen Speicherraum und Expansionsraum vorgesehenen Verbindung ein Rückschlagventil angeordnet, welches bei Bildung eines Überdrucks im Speicherraum gesperrt ist, so kann der Speicherraum nach einem Ausschaltvorgang rasch wieder mit frischem Isoliergas gefüllt werden.If a non-return valve is arranged in a connection provided between storage space and expansion space, which is blocked in the storage space when an excess pressure is formed, the storage space can quickly be filled again with fresh insulating gas after a switch-off operation.

KURZE BESCHREIBUNG DER ZEICHNUNGENBRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Anhand von Zeichnungen wird nachfolgend ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung näher erläutert. Hierbei zeigt die einzige Figur eine Aufsicht auf einen längs einer Achse geführten Schnitt durch eine für einen gasisolierten Hochspannungsschalter bestimmte Schaltkammer nach der Erfindung, bei dem die Schaltkammer oberhalb der Achse bei geschlossenem Schalter dargestellt ist und unterhalb der Achse beim Öffnen des Schalters.With reference to drawings, an embodiment of the invention will be explained in more detail below. Here, the single FIGURE shows a plan view of a guided along an axis section through a designated for a gas-insulated high-voltage switch switching chamber according to the invention, in which the switching chamber is shown above the axis with the switch closed and below the axis when opening the switch.

WEGE ZUR AUSFÜHRUNG DER ERFINDUNGWAYS FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

Die in der einzigen Figur dargestellte Schaltkammer eines Hochspannungsleistungsschalters enthält ein mit einem komprimierten Isoliergas, etwa auf der Basis von Schwefelhexafluorid, Stickstoff, Sauerstoff oder Kohlendioxid oder von Mischungen dieser Gase untereinander, beispielsweise Luft, gefülltes Gehäuse 1 sowie eine vom Gehäuse 1 aufgenommene und vom Gehäuse gehaltene, vorwiegend axialsymmetrisch ausgebildete Kontaktanordnung 2 mit zwei längs einer Achse A relativ zueinander beweglichen Lichtbogenkontakten 3, 4. Der Lichtbogenkontakt 3 kann entlang der Achse A bewegt werden, wohingegen der Lichtbogenkontakt 4 im allgemeinen feststehend im Gehäuse 1 gehalten ist, gegebenenfalls aber auch längs der Achse verschoben werden kann. Die beiden Lichtbogenkontakte 3, 4 sind von einer Isolierdüse 5 und einem Heizvolumen 6 zum Speichern von Löschgas koaxial umfasst. Das Heizvolumen 6 ist nach Art eines Torus mit einem rechteckigen Querschnitt in Umfangsrichtung ausgeführt. Bei einem für Nennspannungen von typischerweise 200 bis 300 kV und für einen Nenn-Kurzschlussausschaltstrom von typischerweise 50 bis 70 kA bestimmten Schalter kann das Heizvolumen 6 im allgemeinen ca. 1 bis 2 Liter unter Druck stehendes Löschgas aufnehmen. Ins Heizvolumen 6 mündet ein Heizkanal 7, der eine beim Öffnen des Schalters durch Trennen der Abbrandkontakte 3, 4 gebildete und durch die Isolierdüse 5 radial begrenzte Lichtbogenzone 8 mit dem Heizvolumen 6 verbindet. Ein Teil der Wand des Heizvolumens 6 ist von einem Differentialkolben 9 gebildet, der entgegen einer von einer Druckfeder 10 aufgebrachten Rückstellkraft F gasdicht in einem axialsymmetrisch angeordneten Ringraum 11 verschoben werden kann.The switching chamber of a high-voltage circuit breaker shown in the single figure contains a filled with a compressed insulating gas, such as based on sulfur hexafluoride, nitrogen, oxygen or carbon dioxide or mixtures of these gases, for example air, housing 1 and a housing 1 and received by the housing The arcing contact 3 can be moved along the axis A, whereas the arcing contact 4 is generally fixedly held in the housing 1, but optionally also along the axis Axis can be moved. The two arcing contacts 3, 4 are coaxially covered by an insulating nozzle 5 and a heating volume 6 for storing quenching gas. The heating volume 6 is designed in the manner of a torus with a rectangular cross-section in the circumferential direction. With a switch designed for nominal voltages of typically 200 to 300 kV and for a nominal short-circuit breaking current of typically 50 to 70 kA, the heating volume 6 can generally accommodate approximately 1 to 2 liters of pressurized extinguishing gas. In the heating volume 6 opens a heating channel 7, which connects a when opening the switch by separating the Abbrandkontakte 3, 4 and formed by the insulating 5 radially bounded arc zone 8 with the heating volume 6. A part of the wall of the heating volume 6 is formed by a differential piston 9, which can be displaced gas-tight in an axially symmetrical annular space 11 against a restoring force F applied by a compression spring 10.

Der Kolben 9 weist auf seiner das Heizvolumen 6 begrenzenden Seite eine mit dem Bezugszeichen A1 gekennzeichnete ringförmige Arbeitsfläche mit einem wirksamen Querschnitt der Grösse A1 auf. Auf der vom Heizvolumen 6 abgewandten Seite ist er stufenförmig ausgebildet und enthält eine durch einen Rohrstutzen 91 gebildete Kolbenstufe, welche zwei Arbeitsflächen A2 und A1 - A2 jeweils mit einem wirksamen Querschnitt A2 bzw.A1 - A2 bildet. Die Arbeitsfläche A2 wirkt in einem Expansionsraum 12, in dem das Isoliergas einen Druck p0 aufweist, die Kolbenfläche A1 - A2 hingegen in einem mit frischem Isoliergas gefülltem Speicherraum 13. Im Kolben 9 ist ein von einem nicht federbelasteten Rückschlagventil 14 verschliessbarer, aus Gründen der Übersichtlichkeit nicht bezeichneter Kanal angeordnet, der das Heizvolumen 6 und den Speicherraum 13 miteinander verbindet.The piston 9 has a marked by the reference numeral 1 A ring-shaped working surface having an effective cross-sectional size of the A 1 to its 6 the heating volume defining side. On the side facing away from the heating volume 6 side it is stepped and includes a formed by a pipe stub 91 piston step, which forms two working surfaces A 2 and A 1 - A 2 each with an effective cross-section A 2 andA 1 - A 2 . The working surface A 2 acts in an expansion space 12, in which the insulating gas has a pressure p 0 In contrast, the piston surface A 1 - A 2 in a filled with fresh insulating gas storage space 13. In the piston 9 is closed by a non-spring-loaded check valve 14, for reasons of clarity not designated channel, the heating volume 6 and the storage space 13 with each other combines.

Der Speicherraum 13 ist als Ringkammer ausgeführt und wird radial von zwei koaxial angeordneten Hohlzylindern und axial von zwei Stirnkörpern begrenzt. Der innenliegende Hohlzylinder wird von einem in die Isolierdüse 5 eingeformten rohrförmigen Kolbenfortsatz 51 gebildet, welcher einen axial geführten Abschnitt des Heizkanals 7 nach aussen begrenzt. Der aussenliegende Hohlzylinder ist von zwei teleskopartig verschiebbaren, rohrförmigen Fortsätzen 52 und 91 gebildet, von denen der Fortsatz 52 ebenfalls in die Isolierdüse 5 eingeformt ist, während der Fortsatz 91 in den Kolben 9 eingeformt ist. Die zur axialen Begrenzung vorgesehenen beiden Stirnkörper werden zum einen von einem radial geführten Abschnitt 92 des Kolbens 9 gebildet und zum anderen von einem radial geführten Abschnitt 53 der Isolierdüse 5. Der Kolbenabschnitt 92 bildet die Arbeitsfläche A1-A2. Die Druckfeder 10 ist im Speicherraum 13 angeordnet und ist mit einem Ende auf dem Abschnitte 92 und dem anderen Ende auf dem Abschnitt 53 abgestützt.
In einer in den Abschnitt 53 eingeformten Verbindung zwischen dem Expansionsraum 12 und dem Speicherraum 13 ist ein Rückschlagventil 15 angeordnet, welches derart ausgerichtet ist, dass es bei Bildung eines Überdrucks im Speichervolumen 13 gesperrt ist.The storage space 13 is designed as an annular chamber and is bounded radially by two coaxially arranged hollow cylinders and axially by two end bodies. The internal hollow cylinder is formed by a molded into the insulating nozzle 5 tubular piston extension 51 which limits an axially guided portion of the heating channel 7 to the outside. The outer hollow cylinder is formed by two telescopically displaceable, tubular extensions 52 and 91, of which the extension 52 is also formed in the insulating nozzle 5, while the extension 91 is formed in the piston 9. The two end faces provided for the axial delimitation are formed on the one hand by a radially guided section 92 of the piston 9 and on the other hand by a radially guided section 53 of the insulating nozzle 5. The piston section 92 forms the working surface A 1 -A 2 . The compression spring 10 is disposed in the storage space 13 and is supported at one end on the portion 92 and the other end on the portion 53.
In a formed in the section 53 connection between the expansion chamber 12 and the storage space 13, a check valve 15 is arranged, which is oriented such that it is locked in the storage volume 13 when an overpressure.

Die Arbeitsfläche A1 wird vom Kolbenfortsatz 91 gebildet und ist in einem axial ausgerichteten Teilraum 16 des Expansionsraums 12 verschiebbar geführt. Der Teilraum 16 weist ersichtlich ein als Hohlzylinder ausgeführtes Volumen auf. Die Aussenfläche des Hohlzylinders ist von einem das Heizvolumen 6 nach aussen begrenzenden und im allgemeinen zur Führung von Betriebsströmen verwendeten Metallrohr 17 gebildet, die Innenfläche hingegen von den Teilen 52, 53 der Isolierdüse 5.The working surface A 1 is formed by the piston extension 91 and is guided displaceably in an axially aligned subspace 16 of the expansion space 12. The subspace 16 is evidently a volume designed as a hollow cylinder. The outer surface of the hollow cylinder is formed by a heating volume 6 to the outside limiting and generally used to guide operating currents metal tube 17, the inner surface of the parts 52, 53 of the insulating 5th

In der in der oberen Hälfte der Figur dargestellten Einschaltposition der Kammer ist das linke Ende des Lichtbogenkontakts 4 in stromleitender Weise in das rechte Ende des rohrförmig ausgebildeten Lichtbogenkontakts 3 eingeschoben. Beim Ausschalten eines Stroms trennen sich die beiden Lichtbogenkontakte 3, 4 voneinander und bildet sich hierbei ein auf den beiden Enden der Lichtbogenkontakte fussender Lichtbogen L, der in der Lichtbogenzone 8 heisse Gase hohen Drucks erzeugt. Die Temperatur und der Druck der Lichtbogengase sind durch die Lichtbogenarbeit bestimmt und sind daher der Dauer der durch den Stromnulldurchgang bestimmten Lichtbogenzeit und annähernd dem Quadrat des auszuschaltenden Stroms proportional.In the switching on position of the chamber shown in the upper half of the figure, the left end of the arcing contact 4 is inserted in an electrically conductive manner into the right end of the tubular arc contact 3. At the Turning off a current, the two arc contacts 3, 4 separate from each other and this forms a footing on the two ends of the arcing contacts arc L, which generates in the arc zone 8 hot high pressure gases. The temperature and pressure of the arc gases are determined by the arc work and are therefore proportional to the duration of the arc current determined by the current zero crossing and approximately the square of the current to be switched off.

Der Druck der Lichtbogengase in der Lichtbogenzone 8 ist im allgemeinen grösser als im Heizvolumen 6. Im Heizkanal 7 strömt daher heisses Gas aus der Lichtbogenzone 8 ins Heizvolumen 6. Lässt die Heizwirkung des Lichtbogens L bei Annäherung an den Nulldurchgang des Stroms nach, so erfolgt eine Strömungsumkehr. Im Heizvolumen 6 gespeichertes Gas mit einem Druck p1 strömt als Löschgas über den Heizkanal 7 in die Lichtbogenzone 8 und bebläst dort den Lichtbogen L mindestens solange bis dieser im Stromnulldurchgang gelöscht ist.The pressure of the arc gases in the arc zone 8 is generally greater than in the heating volume 6. In the heating channel 7 therefore hot gas flows from the arc zone 8 into the heating 6. If the heating effect of the arc L on approaching the zero crossing of the current, so there is a flow reversal. Gas stored in the heating volume 6 with a pressure p 1 flows as extinguishing gas via the heating channel 7 into the arc zone 8 and there blows the arc L at least until it is extinguished in the current zero crossing.

Der Rauminhalt des Heizvolumens 6 ist so bestimmt, dass beim Abschalten kleiner bis mittlerer Ströme im Heizvolumen 6 eine zur Lichtbogenlöschung im allgemeinen ausreichende Menge an komprimiertem Löschgas zur Verfügung steht. Zusätzliches Löschgas kann aus einem bei kleinem Löschgasdruck p1 mit dem Heizvolumen 6 verbundenen Kompressionsraum 18 einer schwach dimensionierten Kolben-Zylinder-Kompressionsvorrichtung eingespeist werden. Der Kolben 9 ist dann unter der rückstellenden Wirkung einer geringfügig vorgespannten Druckfeder 10 stehend gegen einen am Metallrohr 17 gehaltenen Anschlag 19 geführt. Die Vorspannkraft F1 der Feder ist so eingestellt, dass sie unterhalb eines Grenzwerts p1 G des Löschgasdrucks p1 im Heizvolumen 6 den Kolben 9 am Anschlag 19 hält. Bei unverschobenem Kolben 9 ist das Rückschlagventil 15 geöffnet. Der Speicherraum 13 ist dann mit dem isoliergasgefüllten Expansionsraum 12 verbunden, in dem das Isoliergas auf einem Druck p0 gehalten wird. Die Vorspannkraft F1 muss daher A1·(p1 G - po) betragen.The volume of the heating volume 6 is determined so that when switching off small to medium currents in the heating volume 6, a sufficient amount of compressed extinguishing gas is generally available for extinguishing an arc. Additional extinguishing gas can be fed from a at a small extinguishing gas pressure p 1 connected to the heating volume 6 compression space 18 a weakly dimensioned piston-cylinder compression device. The piston 9 is then guided under the restoring action of a slightly prestressed compression spring 10 standing against a stop 19 held on the metal tube 17. The biasing force F 1 of the spring is adjusted so that it keeps the piston 9 at stop 19 below a limit value p 1 G of the quenching gas pressure p 1 in the heating volume 6. When the piston 9 is not pushed the check valve 15 is opened. The storage space 13 is then connected to the insulating gas filled expansion space 12, in which the insulating gas is maintained at a pressure p 0 . The preload force F 1 must therefore be A 1 · (p 1 G - po).

Bei Strömen mittlerer bis grosser Höhe übersteigt p1 den Grenzwertdruck p1 G. Der Kolben 9 wird nun nach rechts verschoben, so dass sich hierbei der Druck p2 im Speicherraum 13 gegenüber dem Druck p0 im Expansionsraum erhöht und das Rückschlagventil 15 nun geschlossen wird. Sobald der Druck p2 im Speicherraum 13 den Druck p1 im Heizvolumen 6 übertrifft, öffnet das Rückschlagventil 14 und strömt frisches Isoliergas aus dem Speicherraum 13 in das Heizvolumen 6. Hierdurch wird die Dichte des Gases im Heizvolumen 6 auf einem erwünscht hohen Wert gehalten. Dieser Wert entspricht demjenigen, der mit einem von Anfang an grösseren Heizvolumen erreicht wird, dessen Rauminhalt allerdings zu gross wäre, um bei Strömen kleiner bis mittlerer Höhe einen zur erfolgreichen Lichtbogenbeblasung ausreichenden Löschgasdruck p1 zu erreichen.For currents of medium to high altitude, p 1 exceeds the threshold pressure p 1 G. The piston 9 is now shifted to the right, so that in this case the pressure p 2 in the storage chamber 13 is increased in relation to the pressure p 0 in the expansion space and the check valve 15 is now closed. As soon as the pressure p 2 in the storage chamber 13 exceeds the pressure p 1 in the heating volume 6, the check valve 14 opens and fresh insulating gas flows from the storage space 13 into the heating volume 6. In this way, the density of the gas in the heating volume 6 is maintained at a desirably high value. This value corresponds to the one which is achieved with a larger heating volume from the beginning, but whose volume would be too great to reach a quenching gas pressure p 1 sufficient for successful arc blowing at currents of small to medium height.

Je nach Höhe des Drucks p1 im Heizvolumen 6 wird der Kolben mehr oder weniger weit nach rechts verschoben. Die Bewegung des Kolbens 9 nach rechts ist durch einen vom Fortsatz 52 gebildeten Anschlag begrenzt. Über den durch den Anschlag 20 und den Fortsatz 52 bestimmten Weg der Länge I muss eine vom Kolben 9 aufgebrachte Kraft grösser sein als die von der Druckfeder 9 aufgebrachte Rückstellkraft F. Die vom Kolben 9 durch Differenzwirkung der Drücke p1 im Heizvolumen 6 und p0 im Teilraum 12 erzeugte Kraft beträgt A2·(p1 - p0). Daher sollte die Kolbenfläche A2 so bemessen sein, dass über den ganzen Weg I die an einem Ort des Wegs herrschende Federkraft F kleiner oder höchstes gleich der am Kolben 9 wirkenden Differentialkraft ist. Es ist dann sichergestellt, dass über den ganzen Verschiebungsweg I p2 grösser p1 ist und so im Heizvolumen 6 ein Löschgas grösserer Dichte gebildet wird als bei einem Schalter nach dem Stand der Technik, bei dem der Kolben zwar durch Verschiebung den Rauminhalt des Heizvolumens vergrössert, die Qualität des Löschgases durch Reduktion des Löschgasdichte jedoch erheblich herabsetzt.Depending on the height of the pressure p 1 in the heating volume 6, the piston is moved more or less far to the right. The movement of the piston 9 to the right is limited by a stop formed by the extension 52. About determined by the stop 20 and the extension 52 way of length I, a force applied by the piston 9 must be greater than the force applied by the compression spring 9 restoring force F. The piston 9 by differential action of the pressures p 1 in the heating volume 6 and p 0 force generated in subspace 12 is A 2 · (p 1 -p 0 ). Therefore, the piston area A 2 should be dimensioned so that over the entire path I, the spring force F prevailing at a location of the path is smaller or highest equal to the differential force acting on the piston 9. It is then ensured that over the entire displacement path I p 2 is greater p 1 and so in the heating volume 6, a quenching gas greater density is formed as in a switch according to the prior art, in which the piston increases by displacement the volume of the heating volume , but significantly reduces the quality of the quenching gas by reducing the extinguishing gas density.

Durch Beblasen des Schaltlichtbogens L im Stromnulldurchgang sinkt der Löschgasdruck p1 im Heizvolumen 6. Die Rückstellkraft F der Druckfeder 10 überwiegt dann die Differentialkraft und führt den Kolben 9 wieder in die Ausgangslage zurück, in der er gegen den Anschlag 19 geführt ist. Frisches Isoliergas kann dann aus dem Expansionsraum 12 über das nun geöffnete Rückschlagventil 15 in den Speicherraum 13 eintreten.By blowing of the switching arc L in the current zero crossing of the quenching gas pressure p 1 6 in the heating volume, the restoring force F of the compression spring 10 then weighs the differential force and guides the piston 9 back into the starting position, in which it is guided against the stop 19th drops Fresh insulating gas can then enter the storage space 13 from the expansion space 12 via the now open check valve 15.

BEZUGSZEICHENLISTELIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

11
Gehäusecasing
22
KontaktanordnungContact configuration
3, 43, 4
Kontaktstückecontacts
55
Isolierdüseinsulating
66
Heizvolumenheating volume
77
Heizkanalheating duct
88th
LichtbogenzoneArc zone
99
Kolbenpiston
1010
Druckfedercompression spring
1111
Ringraumannulus
1212
Expansionsraumexpansion space
1313
Speicherraumstorage space
14, 1514, 15
Rückschlagventilecheck valves
1616
Teilraumsubspace
1717
Metallrohrmetal pipe
1818
Kompressionsraumcompression chamber
1919
Anschlagattack
51, 5251, 52
Fortsätze der IsolierdüseExtensions of the insulating nozzle
5353
Abschnitt der IsolierdüseSection of the insulating nozzle
9191
KolbenfortsatzPiston extension
9292
Kolbenabschnittpiston section
AA
Achseaxis
A1, A2, A1 - A2 A 1 , A 2 , A 1 - A 2
Arbeitsflächen am KolbenWork surfaces on the piston
FF
RückstellkraftRestoring force
F1 F 1
Vorspannkraftpreload force
LL
LichtbogenElectric arc
p0 p 0
Gasdruck im ExpansionsraumGas pressure in the expansion area
p1 p 1
(Lösch)gasdruck im Heizvolumen(Extinguishing) gas pressure in the heating volume
p2 p 2
(Isolier)gasdruck im Speicherraum(Insulating) gas pressure in the storage space
II
maximale Länge des Verschiebungswegs des Kolbensmaximum length of the displacement path of the piston

Claims (10)

  1. Arc chamber for a gas-insulated high-voltage switch with an insulating-gas-filled housing (1) in which two arc contacts (3, 4) movable relatively to one another along an axis (A) are arranged, a heating volume (6), coaxially surrounding the two arc contacts, for accommodating compressed quenching gas from an arc space (8) and a space (12) for accommodating expanded quenching gas, a part of the wall of the heating volume (6) being formed by a piston (9) which is displaceable against a restoring force (F), characterized in that the piston (9) is arranged as differential piston and has on the side facing away from the heating volume (6) a piston step which forms a first working surface (A2) acting in the expansion space (12) and a second working surface (A1 - A2) acting in an insulating-gas-filled storage space (13), and in that a duct connecting the heating volume (6) with the storage space (13) is conducted through the piston (9), which is opened when the insulating-gas pressure (p2) in the storage space (13) is greater than the quenching-gas pressure (p1) in the heating volume (6).
  2. Arc chamber according to Claim 1, characterized in that the first working surface (A2) is dimensioned in such a manner that above a limit value of the quenching gas pressure (p1) prevailing in the heating volume (6), the restoring force (F) is lower than a counterforce formed from the difference between quenching gas pressure (p1) and gas pressure (p0) in the expansion space (12) .
  3. Arc chamber according to Claim 2, characterized in that in the storage space (13), a compression spring (10) acting on the piston (9) is arranged for generating the restoring force (F).
  4. Arc chamber according to Claim 3, characterized in that the compression spring (10) is arranged in the expansion space (12) instead of the storage space (13).
  5. Arc chamber according to one of Claims 3 or 4, characterized in that the force (F) of the compression spring (10) over a displacement path (1) of the piston (9), limited by two stops (20, 52), is smaller than a differential force A1 · (P1 - p0) acting on the piston (9), wherein
    p1 is the gas pressure generated by the work of a switching arc (L) in the heating chamber (6),
    p0 is the gas pressure in the expansion space (12), and
    A2 is the size of the first working surface (A2) .
  6. Arc chamber according to one of Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the first working surface (A2) is formed by an axially extended piston projection (91) and in that the expansion space (12) contains an axially aligned part-space (16) in which the first working surface (A2) is carried displaceably.
  7. Arc chamber according to Claim 6, characterized in that the piston projection (91) is arranged to be tubular and in that the part-space (16) has a volume arranged as hollow cylinder.
  8. Arc chamber according to Claim 7, characterized in that the outer surface of the hollow cylinder is formed by a metal tube (17) limiting the heating volume (6) toward the outside, and the inside surface is formed by the insulating nozzle (5).
  9. Arc chamber according to one of Claims 1 to 8, characterized in that in a connection provided between the storage space (13) and expansion space (12), a return valve (15) is arranged which is blocked when an overpressure forms in the storage space (13).
  10. High-voltage switch comprising an arc chamber according to one of Claims 1 to 9.
EP06405144A 2006-04-05 2006-04-05 Switching chamber of a high voltage switch with a variable heating volume Not-in-force EP1843376B1 (en)

Priority Applications (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT06405144T ATE433191T1 (en) 2006-04-05 2006-04-05 SWITCH CHAMBER OF A HIGH VOLTAGE SWITCH WITH A HEATING VOLUME OF VARIABLE SIZE
DE502006003878T DE502006003878D1 (en) 2006-04-05 2006-04-05 Switching chamber of a high-voltage switch with a heating volume of variable size
EP06405144A EP1843376B1 (en) 2006-04-05 2006-04-05 Switching chamber of a high voltage switch with a variable heating volume
PCT/CH2007/000132 WO2007112605A1 (en) 2006-04-05 2007-03-09 Switching chamber of a high-voltage breaker having a heating volume of variable size
CNA2007800124869A CN101416263A (en) 2006-04-05 2007-03-09 Arc chamber of a high-voltage switch with a heating volume of variable size
US12/245,297 US20090078680A1 (en) 2006-04-05 2008-10-03 Arc chamber of a high-voltage switch with a heating volume of variable size

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP06405144A EP1843376B1 (en) 2006-04-05 2006-04-05 Switching chamber of a high voltage switch with a variable heating volume

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1843376A1 EP1843376A1 (en) 2007-10-10
EP1843376B1 true EP1843376B1 (en) 2009-06-03

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP06405144A Not-in-force EP1843376B1 (en) 2006-04-05 2006-04-05 Switching chamber of a high voltage switch with a variable heating volume

Country Status (6)

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US (1) US20090078680A1 (en)
EP (1) EP1843376B1 (en)
CN (1) CN101416263A (en)
AT (1) ATE433191T1 (en)
DE (1) DE502006003878D1 (en)
WO (1) WO2007112605A1 (en)

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AP3244A (en) 2009-06-12 2015-05-31 Abb Technology Ag Dielectric insulation medium
DE202009009305U1 (en) 2009-06-17 2009-11-05 Ormazabal Gmbh Switching device for medium, high or very high voltage with a filling medium
FR2949170B1 (en) * 2009-08-14 2011-11-25 Areva T & D Sas BREAKER CHAMBER FOR A MEDIUM OR HIGH VOLTAGE CIRCUIT BREAKER WITH REDUCED MANEUVER POWER
DE102010020979A1 (en) * 2010-05-12 2011-11-17 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Compressed gas circuit breakers
WO2012080246A1 (en) 2010-12-14 2012-06-21 Abb Technology Ag Dielectric insulation medium
EP2791958B2 (en) 2011-12-13 2019-07-17 ABB Schweiz AG Circuit breaker with fluid injection
WO2013087700A1 (en) 2011-12-13 2013-06-20 Abb Technology Ag Sealed and gas insulated high voltage converter environment for offshore platforms
EP2791959B1 (en) 2011-12-13 2016-03-09 ABB Technology AG Circuit breaker with fluid injection
WO2013087688A1 (en) * 2011-12-13 2013-06-20 Abb Technology Ag Circuit breaker with fluid injection
US9305726B2 (en) 2014-08-27 2016-04-05 Eaton Corporation Arc extinguishing contact assembly for a circuit breaker assembly
US9343252B2 (en) 2014-08-27 2016-05-17 Eaton Corporation Arc extinguishing contact assembly for a circuit breaker assembly
CN107706044A (en) * 2017-10-26 2018-02-16 平高集团有限公司 A kind of moving contact component and arc-extinguishing chamber of circuit breaker, breaker
DE102018211621A1 (en) * 2018-07-12 2020-01-16 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Gas-insulated switch
CN110838421B (en) * 2018-08-15 2022-03-29 平高集团有限公司 Circuit breaker and arc extinguish chamber thereof
CN110838420A (en) * 2018-08-15 2020-02-25 平高集团有限公司 Circuit breaker and arc extinguish chamber thereof

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DE716929C (en) * 1937-08-24 1942-02-02 Sachsenwerk Licht & Kraft Ag Flow switch
DE710178C (en) * 1940-05-04 1941-09-05 Studiengesellschaft Fuer Hochl Compressed gas switch with a differential pump piston built into the switch housing
DE1916811A1 (en) * 1969-03-28 1970-10-08 Siemens Ag Electric circuit breaker
DE4412249A1 (en) * 1994-04-06 1995-10-12 Siemens Ag Electrical high-voltage circuit breaker with a boiler room and a compression room
FR2821482B1 (en) * 2001-02-27 2003-04-04 Alstom CIRCUIT BREAKER INCLUDING A PISTON COMPRESSION CHAMBER DRAIN CHANNEL

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP1843376A1 (en) 2007-10-10
WO2007112605A1 (en) 2007-10-11
CN101416263A (en) 2009-04-22
US20090078680A1 (en) 2009-03-26
ATE433191T1 (en) 2009-06-15
DE502006003878D1 (en) 2009-07-16

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