EP1842936A1 - Frictional material - Google Patents

Frictional material Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1842936A1
EP1842936A1 EP07105839A EP07105839A EP1842936A1 EP 1842936 A1 EP1842936 A1 EP 1842936A1 EP 07105839 A EP07105839 A EP 07105839A EP 07105839 A EP07105839 A EP 07105839A EP 1842936 A1 EP1842936 A1 EP 1842936A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
frictional material
frictional
weight
magnetic
properties
Prior art date
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Granted
Application number
EP07105839A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1842936B1 (en
Inventor
Takashi Okazaki
Masaaki Matsumoto
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Tungaloy Corp
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Tungaloy Corp
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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
    • C22C33/02—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
    • C22C33/0207—Using a mixture of pre-alloyed powders or a master alloy
    • C22C33/0214—Using a mixture of pre-alloyed powders or a master alloy comprising P or a phosphorus compound
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
    • C22C33/02—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
    • C22C33/0207—Using a mixture of pre-alloyed powders or a master alloy
    • C22C33/0228—Using a mixture of pre-alloyed powders or a master alloy comprising other non-metallic compounds or more than 5% of graphite
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
    • C22C33/02—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
    • C22C33/0257—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy characterised by the range of the alloying elements
    • C22C33/0264—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy characterised by the range of the alloying elements the maximum content of each alloying element not exceeding 5%
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/002—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing In, Mg, or other elements not provided for in one single group C22C38/001 - C22C38/60
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/007—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silver
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/16—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing copper
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/60—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing lead, selenium, tellurium, or antimony, or more than 0.04% by weight of sulfur
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
    • H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
    • H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
    • H01F1/12—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials
    • H01F1/14—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials metals or alloys
    • H01F1/147—Alloys characterised by their composition
    • H01F1/14708—Fe-Ni based alloys
    • H01F1/14733—Fe-Ni based alloys in the form of particles
    • H01F1/14741—Fe-Ni based alloys in the form of particles pressed, sintered or bonded together
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2998/00—Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy
    • B22F2998/10—Processes characterised by the sequence of their steps
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2999/00—Aspects linked to processes or compositions used in powder metallurgy

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a frictional material for use in a means for arbitrarily controlling the rotation or movement of various machines, specifically a clutch or brake. More particularly, the present invention is concerned with a frictional material advantageously used in a magnetic rail brake or electromagnetic clutch.
  • a frictional material generally used in a magnetic rail brake is obtained by mixing metal powder forming a matrix with hard particles and sintering the resultant mixture.
  • conventional frictional materials for magnetic rail brake include a sintered material comprised of a wear-resistant material comprised of at least one member selected from the group consisting of Al 2 O 3 , ZrO 2 , Al 2 TiO 5 , Y 2 O 3 , SiC, Si 3 N 4 , WC, Cr 3 C 2 , and TiC, and powder of at least one member selected from the group consisting of nodular cast iron, graphite, iron sulfide, manganese sulfide, lead, and molybdenum sulfide (see, for example, Patent document 1).
  • Patent document 1 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. Hei 11-78882
  • a frictional material When a magnetic rail brake operates, a frictional material is pressed against a rail and, simultaneously, the magnetic force causes tension between the frictional material and the rail, so that the friction of the frictional material against the rail causes the train to slow down.
  • the higher the magnetic flux density of the frictional material the stronger the magnetic force, or the stronger the tension between the frictional material and the rail, that is, the magnetic rail brake increases in damping force.
  • the frictional material has a high coefficient of friction and hence, when the frictional material is unlikely to be melted and deposited, the frictional material achieves higher frictional force, thus increasing the damping force.
  • an object of the present invention is to provide a frictional material having excellent frictional properties and excellent resistance to melting and depositing as well as excellent magnetic properties.
  • the present invention is directed to a frictional material comprising a metal matrix and hard particles, wherein the frictional material contains: 1 to 5% by weight of Cu; 0.1 to 1.0% by weight of P; 1 to 5% by weight of at least one soft metal selected from the group consisting of Bi, Sb, In, and Ag; 1 to 6% by weight of hard particles of at least one member selected from the group consisting of zircon (ZrSiO 4 ) and zirconia (ZrO 2 ); and the balance comprising Fe and an unavoidable impurity.
  • the frictional material contains: 1 to 5% by weight of Cu; 0.1 to 1.0% by weight of P; 1 to 5% by weight of at least one soft metal selected from the group consisting of Bi, Sb, In, and Ag; 1 to 6% by weight of hard particles of at least one member selected from the group consisting of zircon (ZrSiO 4 ) and zirconia (ZrO 2 ); and the balance comprising Fe and an unavoidable impurity
  • the frictional material of the present invention comprises a metal matrix comprised mainly of Fe containing Cu, P, and Bi, Sb, In, or Ag, and hard particles of at least one member selected from zircon and zirconia.
  • the Cu content when the Cu content is less than 1% by weight, the resistance to melting and depositing is lowered. On the other hand, when the Cu content is more than 5% by weight, the coefficient of friction is lowered, and further the relative Fe content is reduced, so that the magnetic flux density is lowered. Therefore, the Cu content must be 1 to 5% by weight. It is preferred that the Cu content is 2 to 4% by weight.
  • the P content when the P content is less than 0.1% by weight, the resistance to melting and depositing is lowered. On the other hand, when the P content is more than 1.0% by weight, the coefficient of friction is lowered, and further the relative Fe content is reduced, so that the magnetic flux density is lowered. Therefore, the P content must be 0.1 to 1.0% by weight. It is preferred that the P content is 0.3 to 0.5% by weight.
  • the content of at least one soft metal selected from the group consisting of Bi, Sb, In, and Ag in the frictional material of the present invention is less than 1% by weight, the resistance to melting and depositing is lowered.
  • the soft metal content is more than 5% by weight, the coefficient of friction is lowered, and further the relative Fe content is reduced, so that the magnetic flux density is lowered. Therefore, the soft metal content must be 1 to 5% by weight. It is preferred that the soft metal content is 1.5 to 3.0% by weight.
  • the content of hard particles of at least one member selected from the group consisting of zircon and zirconia in the frictional material of the present invention is less than 1% by weight, both the coefficient of friction and the resistance to melting and depositing are lowered.
  • the hard particle content is more than 6% by weight, the relative Fe content is reduced, so that the magnetic flux density is lowered. Therefore, the hard particle content must be 1 to 6% by weight. It is preferred that the hard particle content is 2 to 4% by weight.
  • the resultant mixture is subjected to cold molding under a pressure of 196 and 490 MPa.
  • the cold-molded mixture is placed in a sintering furnace and sintered in a hydrogen gas atmosphere under conditions such that the sintering temperature is 900 to 1,100°C and the sintering time is 0.5 to 2 hours, thus producing the frictional material of the present invention.
  • the resultant frictional material advantageously has an improved wear resistance.
  • the frictional material of the present invention for increasing the tension between the frictional material and a rail, it is preferred that the frictional material has a magnetic flux density of 1.38 to 1.42 T in a magnetic field at a strength of 50 kA/m. Further, with respect to the frictional material of the present invention, for further increasing the tension between the frictional material and a rail, it is more preferred that the frictional material has a magnetic flux density of 2.05 to 2.09 T in a magnetic field at a strength of 400 kA/m.
  • Examples of uses of the frictional material of the present invention include means for arbitrarily controlling the rotation or movement of various machines, such as machine tools, construction machineries, agricultural machineries, automobiles, two-wheeled vehicles, railroads, aircrafts, or marine structures, specifically, so-called clutches and brakes.
  • various machines such as machine tools, construction machineries, agricultural machineries, automobiles, two-wheeled vehicles, railroads, aircrafts, or marine structures, specifically, so-called clutches and brakes.
  • more preferred are uses of the frictional material as a magnetic rail brake or an electromagnetic clutch, which fully utilize excellent magnetic properties of the frictional material, i.e., high magnetic flux density, and especially, the most preferred is use of the frictional material as a magnetic rail brake.
  • the frictional material of the present invention has excellent frictional properties including wear resistance and coefficient of friction, excellent resistance to melting and depositing, and excellent magnetic properties including magnetic flux density.
  • the frictional material of the present invention When used as a frictional material for clutch or brake in various machines, such as machine tools, construction machineries, agricultural machineries, automobiles, two-wheeled vehicles, railroads, aircrafts, or marine structures, the frictional material not only exhibits excellent damping properties but also extends the use life.
  • the frictional material of the present invention has excellent magnetic properties and hence, when used as a frictional material for magnetic rail brake or electromagnetic clutch, the frictional material exhibits especially excellent damping properties and extends the use life.
  • a sample obtained by sintering was machined into a test specimen having a size: 10 mm ⁇ 10 mm ⁇ 8 mm, and a magnetic flux density of the sample was measured using a magnetic property tester (BH analyzer). The results are shown in Table 2. Further, an abrasion test shown below was conducted to measure a coefficient of friction, an abrasion wear, and an amount of melting and deposition. The results are also shown in Table 2.
  • Table 2 indicates: that the higher the magnetic flux density, the more excellent the magnetic properties; that the higher the coefficient of friction or the smaller the abrasion wear, the more excellent the frictional properties; and that the smaller the amount of melting and deposition, the more excellent the welding resistance.
  • Table 2 indicates: that the higher the magnetic flux density, the more excellent the magnetic properties; that the higher the coefficient of friction or the smaller the abrasion wear, the more excellent the frictional properties; and that the smaller the amount of melting and deposition, the more excellent the welding resistance.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Braking Arrangements (AREA)
  • Soft Magnetic Materials (AREA)

Abstract

As the railroad speed becomes higher, frictional materials having magnetic properties, frictional properties, and a resistance to melting and depositing more excellent than those of conventional frictional materials are desired. The present invention provides a frictional material comprising a metal matrix and hard particles, wherein the frictional material contains: 1 to 5% by weight of Cu; 0.1 to 1.0% by weight of P; 1 to 5% by weight of at least one soft metal selected from the group consisting of Bi, Sb, In, and Ag; 1 to 6% by weight of hard particles of at least one member selected from the group consisting of zircon (ZrSiO4) and zirconia (ZrO2); and the balance comprising Fe and an unavoidable impurity. The frictional material of the present invention has excellent magnetic properties and excellent frictional properties as well as excellent resistance to melting and depositing, and exhibits excellent damping properties particularly when used as a magnetic rail brake.

Description

    BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Field of the Invention
  • The present invention relates to a frictional material for use in a means for arbitrarily controlling the rotation or movement of various machines, specifically a clutch or brake. More particularly, the present invention is concerned with a frictional material advantageously used in a magnetic rail brake or electromagnetic clutch.
    • Background Art
  • A frictional material generally used in a magnetic rail brake is obtained by mixing metal powder forming a matrix with hard particles and sintering the resultant mixture. Examples of conventional frictional materials for magnetic rail brake include a sintered material comprised of a wear-resistant material comprised of at least one member selected from the group consisting of Al2O3, ZrO2, Al2TiO5, Y2O3, SiC, Si3N4, WC, Cr3C2, and TiC, and powder of at least one member selected from the group consisting of nodular cast iron, graphite, iron sulfide, manganese sulfide, lead, and molybdenum sulfide (see, for example, Patent document 1).
  • [Patent document 1] Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. Hei 11-78882
  • When a magnetic rail brake operates, a frictional material is pressed against a rail and, simultaneously, the magnetic force causes tension between the frictional material and the rail, so that the friction of the frictional material against the rail causes the train to slow down. In a magnetic field generated from an electromagnet in the magnetic rail brake, the higher the magnetic flux density of the frictional material, the stronger the magnetic force, or the stronger the tension between the frictional material and the rail, that is, the magnetic rail brake increases in damping force. The frictional material has a high coefficient of friction and hence, when the frictional material is unlikely to be melted and deposited, the frictional material achieves higher frictional force, thus increasing the damping force. Further, when the frictional material has excellent wear resistance, the frequency of replacement of the frictional material by another can be reduced. Therefore, it is desired that the frictional material for use in magnetic rail brake has excellent frictional properties evaluated in terms of a wear resistance and a coefficient of friction, excellent resistance to melting and depositing, and excellent magnetic properties evaluated in terms of a magnetic flux density. Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a frictional material having excellent frictional properties and excellent resistance to melting and depositing as well as excellent magnetic properties.
    • SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
  • The present inventors have made extensive and intensive studies on frictional materials. As a result, they have succeeded in obtaining a frictional material having excellent frictional properties and excellent resistance to melting and depositing as well as excellent magnetic properties. Specifically, the present invention is directed to a frictional material comprising a metal matrix and hard particles, wherein the frictional material contains: 1 to 5% by weight of Cu; 0.1 to 1.0% by weight of P; 1 to 5% by weight of at least one soft metal selected from the group consisting of Bi, Sb, In, and Ag; 1 to 6% by weight of hard particles of at least one member selected from the group consisting of zircon (ZrSiO4) and zirconia (ZrO2); and the balance comprising Fe and an unavoidable impurity.
    • DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
  • The frictional material of the present invention comprises a metal matrix comprised mainly of Fe containing Cu, P, and Bi, Sb, In, or Ag, and hard particles of at least one member selected from zircon and zirconia.
  • In the frictional material of the present invention, when the Cu content is less than 1% by weight, the resistance to melting and depositing is lowered. On the other hand, when the Cu content is more than 5% by weight, the coefficient of friction is lowered, and further the relative Fe content is reduced, so that the magnetic flux density is lowered. Therefore, the Cu content must be 1 to 5% by weight. It is preferred that the Cu content is 2 to 4% by weight.
  • In the frictional material of the present invention, when the P content is less than 0.1% by weight, the resistance to melting and depositing is lowered. On the other hand, when the P content is more than 1.0% by weight, the coefficient of friction is lowered, and further the relative Fe content is reduced, so that the magnetic flux density is lowered. Therefore, the P content must be 0.1 to 1.0% by weight. It is preferred that the P content is 0.3 to 0.5% by weight.
  • When the content of at least one soft metal selected from the group consisting of Bi, Sb, In, and Ag in the frictional material of the present invention is less than 1% by weight, the resistance to melting and depositing is lowered. On the other hand, when the soft metal content is more than 5% by weight, the coefficient of friction is lowered, and further the relative Fe content is reduced, so that the magnetic flux density is lowered. Therefore, the soft metal content must be 1 to 5% by weight. It is preferred that the soft metal content is 1.5 to 3.0% by weight.
  • When the content of hard particles of at least one member selected from the group consisting of zircon and zirconia in the frictional material of the present invention is less than 1% by weight, both the coefficient of friction and the resistance to melting and depositing are lowered. On the other hand, when the hard particle content is more than 6% by weight, the relative Fe content is reduced, so that the magnetic flux density is lowered. Therefore, the hard particle content must be 1 to 6% by weight. It is preferred that the hard particle content is 2 to 4% by weight.
  • As an example of a method for producing the frictional material of the present invention, there can be mentioned the following method.
    Commercially available Fe powder having an average particle size of 60 to 140 µm, Cu powder having an average particle size of 30 to 70 µm, Fe-P powder having an average particle size of 60 to 140 µm, Cu-P powder having an average particle size of 60 to 140 µm, Bi powder having an average particle size of 40 to 100 µm, Sb powder having an average particle size of 40 to 100 µm, In powder having an average particle size of 50 to 150 µm, Ag powder having an average particle size of 5 to 15 µm, ZrSiO4 powder having an average particle size of 100 to 400 µm, ZrO2 powder having an average particle size of 400 to 800 µm, MoS2 powder having an average particle size of 3 to 10 µm, C powder having an average particle size of 50 to 350 µm, and SiC powder having an average particle size of 2 to 8 µm are prepared. These powders are weighed and mixed to achieve a desired composition. The resultant mixture is subjected to cold molding under a pressure of 196 and 490 MPa. The cold-molded mixture is placed in a sintering furnace and sintered in a hydrogen gas atmosphere under conditions such that the sintering temperature is 900 to 1,100°C and the sintering time is 0.5 to 2 hours, thus producing the frictional material of the present invention. When the sintering is performed while uniaxial pressing under a pressure of 0.49 to 3.92 MPa, the resultant frictional material advantageously has an improved wear resistance.
  • With respect to the frictional material of the present invention, for increasing the tension between the frictional material and a rail, it is preferred that the frictional material has a magnetic flux density of 1.38 to 1.42 T in a magnetic field at a strength of 50 kA/m.
    Further, with respect to the frictional material of the present invention, for further increasing the tension between the frictional material and a rail, it is more preferred that the frictional material has a magnetic flux density of 2.05 to 2.09 T in a magnetic field at a strength of 400 kA/m.
  • Examples of uses of the frictional material of the present invention include means for arbitrarily controlling the rotation or movement of various machines, such as machine tools, construction machineries, agricultural machineries, automobiles, two-wheeled vehicles, railroads, aircrafts, or marine structures, specifically, so-called clutches and brakes. Of these, more preferred are uses of the frictional material as a magnetic rail brake or an electromagnetic clutch, which fully utilize excellent magnetic properties of the frictional material, i.e., high magnetic flux density, and especially, the most preferred is use of the frictional material as a magnetic rail brake.
  • The frictional material of the present invention has excellent frictional properties including wear resistance and coefficient of friction, excellent resistance to melting and depositing, and excellent magnetic properties including magnetic flux density. When the frictional material of the present invention is used as a frictional material for clutch or brake in various machines, such as machine tools, construction machineries, agricultural machineries, automobiles, two-wheeled vehicles, railroads, aircrafts, or marine structures, the frictional material not only exhibits excellent damping properties but also extends the use life. The frictional material of the present invention has excellent magnetic properties and hence, when used as a frictional material for magnetic rail brake or electromagnetic clutch, the frictional material exhibits especially excellent damping properties and extends the use life.
    • Example 1
  • Commercially available Fe powder having an average particle size of 100 µm, Cu powder having an average particle size of 49 µm, Fe-P powder having an average particle size of 100 µm, Cu-P powder having an average particle size of 100 µm, Bi powder having an average particle size of 70 µm, Sb powder having an average particle size of 70 µm, Ag powder having an average particle size of 10 µm, ZrSiO4 powder having an average particle size of 200 µm, ZrO2 powder having an average particle size of 600 µm, MoS2 powder having an average particle size of 7 µm, C powder having an average particle size of 200 µm, and SiC powder having an average particle size of 5 µm were prepared. These raw material powders were weighed and mixed to achieve compositions shown in Table 1. The resultant mixture was subjected to cold molding under a pressure of 392 MPa, and then placed in a sintering furnace. The mixture was sintered using a hot press in a hydrogen gas atmosphere at a sintering temperature of 1,000°C under a pressure for uniaxial pressing of 1.5 MPa for one hour as a sintering time.
  • [Table 1]
    Composition (wt%)
    Fe Cu P Bi Sb Ag ZrSiO4 ZrO2 MoS2 C SiC Total
    Example 1 91.7 2.9 0.5 2.0 - - 3.0 - - - - 100
    Example 2 93.6 1.0 0.5 2.0 - - 3.0 - - - - 100
    Example 3 89.8 4.8 0.5 2.0 - - 3.0 - - - - 100
    Example 4 92.1 2.9 0.1 2.0 - - 3.0 - - - - 100
    Example 5 91.2 2.9 1.0 2.0 - - 3.0 - - - - 100
    Example 6 92.6 2.9 0.5 1.0 - - 3.0 - - - - 100
    Example 7 88.8 2.8 0.5 5.0 - - 3.0 - - - - 100
    Example 8 88.8 2.8 0.5 3.0 1.0 1.0 3.0 - - - - 100
    Example 9 93.6 2.9 0.5 2.0 - - 1.0 - - - - 100
    Example 10 88.8 8 2.8 0.5 2.0 - - 6.0 - - - - 100
    Example 11 91.7 2.9 0.5 2.0 - - 1.0 2.0 - - - 100
    Comparative Example 1 94.5 - 0.5 2.0 - - 3.0 - - - - 100
    Comparative Example 2 86.9 7.6 0.5 2.0 - - 3.0 - - - - 100
    Comparative Example 3 92.2 2.9 - 2.0 - - 3.0 - - - - 100
    Comparative Example 4 90.3 2.9 1.9 2.0 - - 3.0 - - - - 100
    Comparative Example 5 93.6 2.9 0.5 - - - 3.0 - - - - 100
    Comparative Example 6 85.9 2.7 0.4 8.0 - - 3.0 - - - - 100
    comparative Example 7 94.6 2.9 0.5 2.0 - - - - - - - 100
    Comparative Example 8 86.9 2.7 0.5 2.0 - - 8.0 - - - - 100
    Comparative Example 9 77.0 3.0 - 3.0 - - - - 3.0 7.0 10.0 100
    Comparative Example 10 93.5 5.0 - - - - - - 0.5 0.5 0.5 100
  • A sample obtained by sintering was machined into a test specimen having a size: 10 mm × 10 mm × 8 mm, and a magnetic flux density of the sample was measured using a magnetic property tester (BH analyzer). The results are shown in Table 2. Further, an abrasion test shown below was conducted to measure a coefficient of friction, an abrasion wear, and an amount of melting and deposition. The results are also shown in Table 2.
  • Abrasion test
    • Test machine:
    Inertia abrasion tester
    Moment of inertia:
    7.35 kgm2
    Speed:
    33 m/s
    Contact pressure:
    980 kPa
    Test specimen size:
    25mm × 25mm × 10 mm
    Brake starting temperature:
    100°C or lower
  • [Table 2]
    Magnetic properties Frictional properties Resistance to melting and depositing Overall judgment (Good, Bad)
    Magnetic flux density (T) Coeffi cient of friction (-) Abrasion wear (mm) Amount of melting and deposition (Large, Medium, Small, None)
    In magnetic field at strength of 50 kA/m In magnetic field at strength of 400 kA/m
    Example 1 1.41 2.09 0.40 0.339 Small Good
    Example 2 1.42 2.09 0.39 0.345 Small Good
    Example 3 1.40 2.08 0.40 0.320 Small Good
    Example 4 1.41 2.09 0.39 0.365 Small Good
    Example 5 1.40 2.05 0.39 0.335 Small Good
    Example 6 1.41 2.08 0.40 0.350 Small Good
    Example 7 1.38 2.06 0.40 0.426 None Good
    Example 8 1.39 2.07 0.40 0.402 Small Good
    Example 9 1.39 2.08 0.39 0.389 Small Good
    Example 10 1.40 2.09 0.38 0.418 Small Good
    Example 11 1.38 2.06 0.40 0.311 None Good
    Example 12 1.41 2.09 0.40 0.352 Small Good
    Comparative Example 1 1.39 2.09 0.39 0.366 Large Bad
    Comparative Example 2 1.36 2.02 0.36 0.388 Large Bad
    Comparative Example 3 1.40 2.07 0.38 0.335 Large Bad
    Comparative Example 4 1.39 2.03 0.37 0.412 Medium Bad
    Comparative Example 5 1.41 2.09 0.40 0.338 Large Bad
    Comparative Example 6 1.34 2.01 0.35 0.456 Small Bad
    Comparative Example 7 1.41 2.07 0.34 0.433 Large Bad
    Comparative Example 8 1.35 2.00 0.40 0.310 Small Bad
    Comparative Example 9 1.23 1.85 0.40 0.341 Small Bad
    Comparative Example 10 1.42 2.09 0.32 0.620 Large Bad
  • Table 2 indicates: that the higher the magnetic flux density, the more excellent the magnetic properties; that the higher the coefficient of friction or the smaller the abrasion wear, the more excellent the frictional properties; and that the smaller the amount of melting and deposition, the more excellent the welding resistance. As can be seen from Table 2, in the Examples of the present invention, the balance between the magnetic properties, frictional properties, and resistance to melting and depositing is excellent and therefore, overall judgments better than those of the Comparative Examples were obtained.

Claims (4)

  1. A frictional material comprising a metal matrix and hard particles,
    wherein said frictional material contains:
    1 to 5% by weight of Cu;
    0.1 to 1.0% by weight of P;
    1 to 5% by weight of at least one soft metal selected from the group consisting of Bi, Sb, In, and Ag;
    1 to 6% by weight of hard particles of at least one member selected from the group consisting of zircon (ZrSiO4) and zirconia (ZrO2); and
    the balance comprising Fe and an unavoidable impurity.
  2. The frictional material according to claim 1, which has a magnetic flux density of 1.38 to 1.42 T in a magnetic field at a strength of 50 kA/m.
  3. The frictional material according to claim 1 or 2, which has a magnetic flux density of 2.05 to 2.09 T in a magnetic field at a strength of 400 kA/m.
  4. Use of the frictional material according to any one of claims 1 to 3 as a frictional material for magnetic rail brake or electromagnetic clutch.
EP07105839A 2006-04-07 2007-04-10 Frictional material Active EP1842936B1 (en)

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Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4050619A (en) * 1976-05-04 1977-09-27 The Bendix Corporation Method of attaching a friction lining to a reinforcing cup
JPS59197549A (en) 1983-04-25 1984-11-09 Mitsubishi Metal Corp Fe-base sintered alloy for armature of electromagnetic coupling apparatus
JPS6392842A (en) * 1986-10-07 1988-04-23 Toyota Motor Corp Sintered friction material
EP0620286A1 (en) * 1993-03-18 1994-10-19 Hitachi, Ltd. Ceramic-particle-dispersed metallic member, manufacturing method of same and use of same
JPH09301256A (en) * 1996-05-09 1997-11-25 Toshiba Tungaloy Co Ltd Roller brake for vehicle
JPH1178882A (en) 1997-04-28 1999-03-23 Alliedsignal Bremsbelag Gmbh Sintered material for magnetic rail brake
JP2000277315A (en) * 1999-03-24 2000-10-06 Toyota Central Res & Dev Lab Inc Magnetic material
US20010052373A1 (en) * 2000-06-14 2001-12-20 Jyunji Kanaoka Friction material

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4050619A (en) * 1976-05-04 1977-09-27 The Bendix Corporation Method of attaching a friction lining to a reinforcing cup
JPS59197549A (en) 1983-04-25 1984-11-09 Mitsubishi Metal Corp Fe-base sintered alloy for armature of electromagnetic coupling apparatus
JPS6392842A (en) * 1986-10-07 1988-04-23 Toyota Motor Corp Sintered friction material
EP0620286A1 (en) * 1993-03-18 1994-10-19 Hitachi, Ltd. Ceramic-particle-dispersed metallic member, manufacturing method of same and use of same
JPH09301256A (en) * 1996-05-09 1997-11-25 Toshiba Tungaloy Co Ltd Roller brake for vehicle
JPH1178882A (en) 1997-04-28 1999-03-23 Alliedsignal Bremsbelag Gmbh Sintered material for magnetic rail brake
JP2000277315A (en) * 1999-03-24 2000-10-06 Toyota Central Res & Dev Lab Inc Magnetic material
US20010052373A1 (en) * 2000-06-14 2001-12-20 Jyunji Kanaoka Friction material

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ATE525491T1 (en) 2011-10-15
EP1842936B1 (en) 2011-09-21

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