EP1839757A1 - Schälscheibe für Zentrifugiervorrichtung - Google Patents

Schälscheibe für Zentrifugiervorrichtung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1839757A1
EP1839757A1 EP06405138A EP06405138A EP1839757A1 EP 1839757 A1 EP1839757 A1 EP 1839757A1 EP 06405138 A EP06405138 A EP 06405138A EP 06405138 A EP06405138 A EP 06405138A EP 1839757 A1 EP1839757 A1 EP 1839757A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
zone
contact surface
extraction
chamber
fluid
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP06405138A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Jean-Denis Rochat
Laurent Mosimann
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Individual
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Individual
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Publication date
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Priority to EP06405138A priority Critical patent/EP1839757A1/de
Publication of EP1839757A1 publication Critical patent/EP1839757A1/de
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
    • B04B—CENTRIFUGES
    • B04B11/00—Feeding, charging, or discharging bowls
    • B04B11/08—Skimmers or scrapers for discharging ; Regulating thereof
    • B04B11/082—Skimmers for discharging liquid

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a fluid withdrawal member for a centrifugation device, in particular for the separation and / or washing of at least one fluid or its constituents.
  • centrifugation devices find many applications in diversified fields of use. Among these, we will mention the one dealing with the treatment of blood and its constituents for which the object of the invention will find a preferred application, taken by way of non-limiting example in the present description.
  • centrifugation The most commonly used principle for washing and / or separating blood components is centrifugation.
  • a device comprising in particular a centrifugation chamber having an inner cylindrical sidewall rotated about an axis of revolution.
  • the treated fluid or fluids are introduced into this chamber by a generally stationary central member which will also serve as means for bringing out from this chamber these fluids or at least one of their constituents after centrifugation.
  • the blood introduced into the chamber will come to press against the inner cylindrical side wall of this chamber and form a tubular-shaped liquid body rotated.
  • the red blood cells once concentrated and / or washed are separated from other fluids or constituents such as plasma, waste, stromas or the sterile washing solution for example, before being extracted from the chamber as the other fluids or blood components.
  • the document US 3,409,213 discloses a centrifuge device wherein the blood component withdrawal member comprises two adjacent conical walls which form collection lips spaced a few tenths of a millimeter apart. These lips penetrate the tubular liquid body in rotation in order to suck it. Although this member operates, it has the disadvantage of generating significant shear forces in the liquid to be extracted. These shear forces are generated over the entire periphery by the contact between the centrifuged liquid at a tangential speed of the order of 10 to 50 m / s and the lips of the withdrawal member which have a zero speed.
  • the low spacing of the lips induces between them a velocity profile of the high gradient liquid and by therefore very high shear forces in the liquid.
  • red blood cells In the collection of concentrated red blood cells (RBC), shearing efforts can cause cells to burst, a phenomenon called hemolysis, releasing free hemoglobin that is toxic to the human body. This rate of hemolysis is regulated and limited by standards in the case of the separation of blood components, in order to guarantee the protection of infused persons.
  • the collection lips of the aforementioned withdrawal member have a major disadvantage. If they are too tight, the shear forces become too important and the hemolysis exceeds the norms eligible. If they are too far apart, the cells collected will undergo slow deceleration over several revolutions, which will lengthen the time during which they will be subjected to shear stresses by also increasing the hemolysis rate beyond the allowable values.
  • the document US 6,705,983 discloses a centrifugation chamber whose inputs and outputs useful for the injection and extraction of fluids are located on the outer wall of this chamber, which requires the arrangement of pipes rotating at the periphery of this chamber in the manner of a lasso. Because of this particular arrangement, these inputs and outputs necessarily rotate at the same speed as the chamber which generates no significant shearing force during the collection of fluids. This way of doing, however, makes the realization of the centrifuge chambers much more complex, increases the size of the device and ultimately leads to obtaining a costly and unreliable solution.
  • the document GB 494 '211 proposes a withdrawal member formed of three collectors whose ends are each formed by the upstream portion of a draw channel which plunges deeply into the liquid to be collected, well beyond the free surface of the rotating tubular liquid body. This results in a strong disturbance of the flow as well that significant shear efforts.
  • the openings that constitute the ends of the withdrawal channels facing the direction of rotation of the fluid in this device generate many splashes from the stop surface formed by the peripheral edges of these openings. This causes a significant energy loss and helps to mix the fluid with the air or the ambient gas inside the chamber.
  • the document EP 404'923 presents another embodiment of a member for withdrawing a liquid in rotation in a centrifugation chamber.
  • This member is formed of a right cylinder slice in the side wall of which is formed one or two openings leading to a withdrawal channel. These openings are of triangular shape oriented so that the edge which forms the base of this triangle is located downstream in the direction of rotation of the fluid in which the withdrawal member is immersed. As a result, the opening has side edges that diverge in the direction of fluid flow.
  • One of the disadvantages of this device lies in the fact that the contact surface, namely the edge of the body of revolution, of the withdrawal member with the free surface of the liquid is very important.
  • the document US 4,908,048 discloses a method and a centrifuge device for degassing liquids containing air bubbles. To do this, it employs a depressurized centrifuge chamber in which there is a convex curvature collector fully comprised in a circular sector of acute center angle, to consider that the center is located on the axis of rotation of the chamber. On the flank of this manifold is disposed an opening for extracting the centrifuged fluid by immersion of this window which is dipped under the free surface of the rotating liquid in the centrifuge chamber.
  • the profile of the collector is convex and has a projecting edge arranged longitudinally along the entire length of the sidewall.
  • the extraction window has a shape flaring downstream and is located upstream of the point of the collector which is immersed most deeply in the liquid layer.
  • the main disadvantages of this collector reside in the fact that, due to the shape of its profile, that of the extraction window, the position of the latter and the importance of the depth of immersion required, on the one hand a large amount of air is sucked in the form of bubbles in the draw channel and, on the other hand, the immersion of this member in the liquid generates shear stresses going beyond the tolerable limits, especially in the case of a blood treatment to avoid any risk of hemolysis, for example.
  • the object of the present invention is to remedy at least in part the aforementioned drawbacks by suggesting a fluid extraction member for a centrifugation device which reduces as much as possible the shearing forces and their duration as well as the disturbances of the flow of rotating liquid, especially when said member is used for the purpose of extracting a biological fluid such as than blood or one or more of its components.
  • This organ must also be reliable and simple in its manufacture and use. It must also be able to avoid mixing and subsequent absorption of gaseous bubbles with the liquid.
  • it favors the Coanda effect, consisting of the deflection of the fluid flow against the contact surface of this body, in the fluid extraction zone.
  • the subject of the present invention is a draw-off member according to claim 1.
  • this member makes it possible to avoid the phenomenon of hemolysis and foam formation in the withdrawal channel, thus improving the stability of the regulation of the withdrawal of this fluid.
  • it makes it possible to convert the kinetic energy of the rotating fluid into pressure energy in the collector with a minimum of losses.
  • the body of the present invention also prevents any accidental deviation of a portion of the liquid flow against the outer walls of the collector.
  • the device for which the object of the present invention is intended comprises a chamber 1 for centrifugation, an essentially cylindrical inner side wall 2, a bottom 3 and preferably has a cylindrical shape. elongate about its axis of revolution 5. Its upper end has a circular opening 6 preferably provided with a sealing means, not shown, which may be in the form of a rotary joint.
  • This sealing means is intended to guarantee the sterility inside the chamber by surrounding a static admission / discharge member 10 passing through the circular opening 6 and extending into the chamber 1, preferably at least partially along of its axis of revolution 5.
  • the typical dimensions of a centrifuge chamber used for blood treatment purposes are of the order of 30 to 200 mm in height for a diameter of between about 15 and 150 mm.
  • the fixed part constituted by this static member 10 comprises a plurality of ducts making it possible to easily exchange fluids between the inside and the outside of the centrifugation chamber.
  • the static member 10 comprises at least a first supply channel 11 for the entry of a fluid 11 ', such as blood, to be treated. in the centrifuge chamber.
  • a fluid 11 ' such as blood
  • the static member 10 is also provided with at least a first outlet channel 13 of the fluid 11 'or at least one of its liquid constituents 13 'such as a concentrate of red blood cells for example.
  • the static member 10 will comprise at least a second outlet channel 14 for extracting from the chamber a second fluid 14 'formed on the one hand from the other liquid constituents of the fluid 11', such as plasma for example and, in the in the case of washing the blood, a sterile washing solution supply channel on the other hand.
  • a second fluid 14 'formed on the one hand from the other liquid constituents of the fluid 11', such as plasma for example and, in the in the case of washing the blood, a sterile washing solution supply channel on the other hand.
  • the concentrate of red blood cells formed by the liquid component 13 'of the fluid 11' is pressed against the inner cylindrical side wall 2 of the centrifugation chamber 1.
  • the fluid is also driven by an axial displacement, preferably upward, so that it can flow from the downstream end of the first supply channel 11 to This allows the extraction of the liquid component 13 'from the centrifugation chamber.
  • This body is connected in its downstream part to outlet channel 13 of the static member 10, while its upstream portion is intended to come into contact with the tubular liquid body formed by the liquid component 7.3 'in rotation in the chamber, to capture the latter and remove it from the bedroom.
  • the draw-off member 20 comprises at least one collector 21, preferably only one, having a contact surface 23 coming into precise contact with the free surface 13 "of the liquid component 13 'in rotation in the chamber 1.
  • This contact surface is provided with a convex curvature which is entirely comprised in a circular sector of angle at the acute center and whose apex of this angle is situated on the axis of revolution 5.
  • the limited extent of this contact surface makes it possible to benefit from a very small surface in contact with the fluid and thus to reduce the shear forces, preferably the value of this central angle is typically of the order of 30.
  • the contact surface 23 comprises at least two distinct and successive zones, preferably three zones, the latter being a bow zone 30 with the liquid component 13 ', a second zone 42 provided with a window extraction 40 of the liquid component 13 ', and a recess surface 50 which constitutes the third zone.
  • the contact surface 23 also has a so-called first-touch zone 31 defined as being the zone of this surface furthest from the axis of revolution 5.
  • this first-touch zone is located upstream of the extraction window 40. In a variant, it is more precisely situated between the downstream end of the bow zone 30 and an upstream edge 41. of the extraction window 40.
  • the first-touch zone 31 is located in the bow zone 30, preferably in its downstream part, so that the first points of the contact surface 23 which touch the free surface 13 "of the rotating liquid in the chamber 1 are located upstream of the extraction window 40, at the bow zone 30.
  • the bow zone 30 forms with the free surface 13 "of the liquid component 13 'a substantially constant angle of attack ⁇ regardless of the immersion depth of the first zone.
  • the angle of attack ⁇ does not vary beyond 2 ° regardless of the immersion depth of the first-touch zone. constancy of the angle of attack ⁇ of the contact surface 23 irrespective of this immersion depth makes it possible to tolerate variations in the thickness of the liquid 13 'in rotation in the chamber while maintaining stable flux lines. the latter prevent the liquid from moving upstream of the bow region 30.
  • the operating range of the collector 21 is in no way limited either to a given thickness of the layer of liquid in rotation in the chamber, or to a restricted range of this Thickness
  • the draw-off member 20 of the present invention is sized so that the depth of immersion of the first-touch zone 31 is included. between 0.01 and 1 millimeter at the most. Since this member is preferably fixed, the immersion depth is in fact given by the thickness of the liquid layer rotating against the inner cylindrical side wall 2 of the centrifuge chamber. For a given chamber size, this thickness in turn depends on the amount of liquid rotating in this chamber.
  • the bow zone 30 consists of either a spiral portion, a straight line segment or preferably a circle portion whose center is distinct from that of of the circle which defines the external shape of the extraction window 40.
  • the value of the angle of attack ⁇ is between 1 and 10 °, preferably substantially equal to 5 °, for example in the case of the extraction a concentrate of red blood cells.
  • this angle of attack will be larger and may extend to a value of the order of 20 °.
  • the angular values given here make it possible to avoid the formation of undesirable waves and splashes.
  • the bow zone 30 is preferably delimited from the second zone 42, and therefore from the extraction window 40, by a dam 35 which can take various forms.
  • this dam will be constituted by a ridge joining these two areas.
  • this barrier will be constituted by a curved surface, such as a portion of a cylinder or other body of revolution, tangent to these two zones.
  • the upstream edge 41 of the extraction window 40 will preferably be situated inside the second zone 42. However, it could be situated at the junction of the two zones 30, 42, and would then be merged with the position of the dam. 35.
  • the contact surface 23 has a concave profile.
  • This profile can nevertheless be flat, even partially flat and partly concave.
  • only the bow zone 30 has a concave profile and / or plane.
  • the profile of the bow zone 30 is concave and becomes plane in its downstream part as shown in FIG. 4.
  • the planar and / or concave geometries allow a collection of the liquid constituent 13 'without disturbance of its free surface 13 ".
  • the concave shape of the contact surface 23 or of a preferred portion of this surface also makes it possible to overcome the problem of parallelism between the free surface 13" and the contact surface 23.
  • the concave and / or planar geometries prevent the formation of a large wake and reduce the splashes that generate disturbances in the regulation of the flow collection and haemolysis on the one hand. where the latter is a constituent of blood.
  • the junction of the bow zone 30 with the second zone 42 defines a vertical edge.
  • the zones 30 and 42 are not necessarily tangent and, consequently, the bow zone 30 forms with the second zone 42 or with the extraction window 40, an angle ⁇ preferably comprised between 160 and 180 °.
  • the recess surface 50 is intended to promote the separation of the liquid component and the collector 21 in the downstream part of its contact surface 23.
  • the recess surface 50 and the stem zone 30 will be as short as possible, in order to limit the shear forces and the friction of the liquid against the wall, and consequently the hemolysis.
  • the contact surface 23 of the collector 21 is delimited at its upstream ends 25 and downstream 26 respectively by an anterior edge 60 and a rear edge 70 of the collector.
  • the posterior edge 70 of the collector forms with the recess surface.
  • At least one step angle ⁇ between 90 ° and 160 °, preferably substantially equal to 120 °. This recess angle makes it possible to avoid the flow of drops of the liquid component 13 'at the outer surface of the collector 21, in particular along the posterior edge 70.
  • the angle ⁇ is greater than 90 °, the flow of gas ambient caused by the rotational flow 13 'around the downstream end 26 returns the droplets that have formed in the recess angle, in the flow of the liquid component 13' and thus prevents their flow along the rear edge 70 especially.
  • the extraction window 40 forms the upstream portion of an extraction channel 45 which is formed in the manifold 21 to drive the liquid component 13 'to the outlet channel 13.
  • this extraction channel 45 is a volute, namely a channel of increasing section from upstream to downstream.
  • This divergent section makes it possible to slow down progressively but gradually the flow of the liquid component 13 'withdrawn from the centrifugation chamber and to convert the kinetic energy of this flow into a pressure energy useful for the circulation of the flow without any other means of pumping.
  • the speed of this flow is of the order of 10 to 20 m / s, generally 12 m / s, in the centrifugation chamber and goes to a value between 0.05 and 0.5 m / s, preferably 0.15 m / s. s, about halfway the length of the extraction channel 45.
  • This latter speed corresponds to the usual speed that is usually found in extracorporeal blood circulation tubing and guaranteed transfer without hemolysis.
  • the extraction channel 45 comprises a wall 46 of which at least a portion has a radius of curvature degressive upstream downstream.
  • the curvature of the wall 46 is that of an ellipse portion. This shape makes it possible to have an extraction window 40 of large dimensions, reducing the risk of frictional hemolysis of a liquid constituent 13 'against the blood contact surface 23.
  • the degressive radius of curvature of the wall 46 allows the extraction and slowing of the flow 13 'without significant shear efforts. Indeed, the flow arriving at a tangential speed of the order of 12 m / s is initially weakly deflected by the strong input radius of curvature, limiting the depression on the wall 46.
  • the decrease in the radius of curvature of the wall 46 is then proportional to the slowing of the extracted flow.
  • the low speed of the latter allows a greater deviation of the flow without excessive stress or depression on the wall 46.
  • the risk of haemolysis and detachment of the liquid from the wall 46 are thus limited.
  • this form also prevents any effect of swirl or cavitation.
  • the draw-off member 20 of the present invention is a stationary member with respect to the centrifuge chamber.
  • this member could be animated with a certain speed of rotation making it possible to reduce the existing difference in speed. between this member and the flow of the liquid constituent 13 'in rotation in the chamber. Such a reduction in speed would then further reduce the shearing forces within this stream for example.
  • this also schematically illustrates the theoretical speed profile which is created in the boundary layer of the liquid component 13 ', namely in the thin layer which is close to its free surface.
  • 13 " when the first-touch zone 31 penetrates very slightly into the liquid component 13 ', under the effect of the interaction forces existing between the molecules of the fluid and between these molecules and those of the contact surface of the collector, each molecule of fluid does not flow at the same speed, it is said that there is then a velocity profile.
  • the velocity profile is constant throughout the thickness of the fluid layer. This follows from the fact that on its free surface 13 "it has no friction, except that with the ambient gas of the chamber, and that on its opposite surface of larger diameter it is driven at the same speed as the wall internal cylindrical side 2 against which it is plated.
  • the quasi constancy of the angle of attack ⁇ also makes it possible to tolerate large variations in pressure and flow rate in the extraction channel 45 without any risk of gas suction, such as air for example, nor risk of hemolysis in the case of centrifugation of blood or blood components.
  • the collector can advantageously benefit from a short bow zone, and therefore little haemolyzing, while maintaining an extraction channel 45 having in its upstream part a large radius of curvature and thus allowing extraction of the flow without hemolysis.
  • the Coanda effect generated by the speed difference between the rotating fluid 13 'and the collector 21, allows this fluid to come and press against the contact surface 23, this from the first touch zone 31, until at the downstream end of the recess surface 50, even when the latter is situated on a radius smaller than the radius of curvature 13 "of the surface of the constituent 13 'in rotation. very quickly initiate a collection of the liquid component 13 'in the extraction channel 45 without sucking air bubbles or other ambient gas.At the first contact, the first touch zone 31 creates a dam for the ambient gas that is also rotated around the free surface 13 "of the liquid component. This barrier thus prevents the aspiration of the ambient gas as soon as the liquid sticks to the contact surface 23 by Coanda effect.
  • the suction of air or ambient gas by the extraction window 40 is also prevented by a conjugated discharge effect and obtained by virtue of the static pressure prevailing inside the collector 21 which is greater than the atmospheric pressure inside the centrifuge chamber.
  • this gas discharge reduces the risk of haemolysis in the collector as well as instabilities regulating the withdrawal of the liquid component 13 '. It also makes it possible to avoid the arrangement of bubble traps during filling, further downstream, of collection pockets of the fluids not shown.
  • the Coanda effect is abruptly interrupted, which allows the liquid constituent 13 'to be distinctly detached from this surface without the risk that drops are formed.
  • the draw-off member 20 is preferably provided with a single collector 21. However, it is also possible to provide that this member comprises several collectors, for example at least one collector per liquid component withdrawn as illustrated in FIG.

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EP06405138A 2006-03-31 2006-03-31 Schälscheibe für Zentrifugiervorrichtung Withdrawn EP1839757A1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

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EP06405138A EP1839757A1 (de) 2006-03-31 2006-03-31 Schälscheibe für Zentrifugiervorrichtung

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE202008011597U1 (de) * 2008-08-30 2010-01-07 Gea Westfalia Separator Gmbh Schälscheibe einer Zentrifuge

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4908048A (en) * 1981-02-18 1990-03-13 Agfa-Gevaert Aktiengesellschaft Apparatus for degassing liquids by centrifugal force in a frustum shaped body
EP0404923A1 (de) * 1989-01-13 1991-01-02 Alfa Laval Separation Ab Trennschleuder mit einer vorrichtung zur umwandlung von kinetischer energie in druck.
US5171205A (en) * 1990-03-10 1992-12-15 Westfalia Separator Ag Solid-bowl centrifuge with an intake pipe and a peeling disk

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4908048A (en) * 1981-02-18 1990-03-13 Agfa-Gevaert Aktiengesellschaft Apparatus for degassing liquids by centrifugal force in a frustum shaped body
EP0404923A1 (de) * 1989-01-13 1991-01-02 Alfa Laval Separation Ab Trennschleuder mit einer vorrichtung zur umwandlung von kinetischer energie in druck.
US5171205A (en) * 1990-03-10 1992-12-15 Westfalia Separator Ag Solid-bowl centrifuge with an intake pipe and a peeling disk

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE202008011597U1 (de) * 2008-08-30 2010-01-07 Gea Westfalia Separator Gmbh Schälscheibe einer Zentrifuge

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