EP1831336A1 - Procede de gazeification de matieres carbonees et dispositif pour sa mise en oeuvre - Google Patents
Procede de gazeification de matieres carbonees et dispositif pour sa mise en oeuvreInfo
- Publication number
- EP1831336A1 EP1831336A1 EP05803078A EP05803078A EP1831336A1 EP 1831336 A1 EP1831336 A1 EP 1831336A1 EP 05803078 A EP05803078 A EP 05803078A EP 05803078 A EP05803078 A EP 05803078A EP 1831336 A1 EP1831336 A1 EP 1831336A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- gas
- heater
- heated
- feed gas
- reactor
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 85
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000012495 reaction gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000008246 gaseous mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000002956 ash Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 235000002918 Fraxinus excelsior Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000011269 tar Substances 0.000 description 4
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011362 coarse particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010791 domestic waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003517 fume Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 industrial residues Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004017 vitrification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002916 wood waste Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
- C10J3/06—Continuous processes
- C10J3/08—Continuous processes with ash-removal in liquid state
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
- C10J3/20—Apparatus; Plants
- C10J3/22—Arrangements or dispositions of valves or flues
- C10J3/24—Arrangements or dispositions of valves or flues to permit flow of gases or vapours other than upwardly through the fuel bed
- C10J3/26—Arrangements or dispositions of valves or flues to permit flow of gases or vapours other than upwardly through the fuel bed downwardly
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/72—Other features
- C10J3/78—High-pressure apparatus
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2200/00—Details of gasification apparatus
- C10J2200/09—Mechanical details of gasifiers not otherwise provided for, e.g. sealing means
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2200/00—Details of gasification apparatus
- C10J2200/15—Details of feeding means
- C10J2200/156—Sluices, e.g. mechanical sluices for preventing escape of gas through the feed inlet
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
- C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
- C10J2300/0916—Biomass
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
- C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
- C10J2300/0946—Waste, e.g. MSW, tires, glass, tar sand, peat, paper, lignite, oil shale
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
- C10J2300/0953—Gasifying agents
- C10J2300/0956—Air or oxygen enriched air
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
- C10J2300/0953—Gasifying agents
- C10J2300/0959—Oxygen
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
- C10J2300/0953—Gasifying agents
- C10J2300/0973—Water
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/12—Heating the gasifier
- C10J2300/1215—Heating the gasifier using synthesis gas as fuel
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/12—Heating the gasifier
- C10J2300/1246—Heating the gasifier by external or indirect heating
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/12—Heating the gasifier
- C10J2300/1253—Heating the gasifier by injecting hot gas
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/16—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant
- C10J2300/1625—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant with solids treatment
- C10J2300/1628—Ash post-treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/16—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant
- C10J2300/1625—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant with solids treatment
- C10J2300/1628—Ash post-treatment
- C10J2300/1634—Ash vitrification
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/18—Details of the gasification process, e.g. loops, autothermal operation
- C10J2300/1807—Recycle loops, e.g. gas, solids, heating medium, water
- C10J2300/1823—Recycle loops, e.g. gas, solids, heating medium, water for synthesis gas
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
- Y02P20/129—Energy recovery, e.g. by cogeneration, H2recovery or pressure recovery turbines
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a process for the gasification of carbonaceous materials in the form of solid particles, comprising
- Carbonaceous material in the form of solid particles is any solid material containing carbon in a fragmented state, such as for example biomass, industrial residues, household waste, coal, coal, wood waste, etc. .
- the object of the present invention is to propose a gasification process in which the gas obtained has qualities and performances at least equal to, and preferably greater than those of the known process, and in which the ashes are discharged in an intensely free form. carbon element and particularly low pollution, and this in a simple and economical manner.
- the process according to the invention offers the advantage of allowing to overheat not only the gaseous mixture to be used for gasification reaction at a temperature above 1200 ° C, preferably from 1300 to 1400 ° C, but also simultaneously a dry feed gas which will be able to form in the reactor a fuel mixture for treating the ash at a temperature greater than 1500 ° C, preferably 1600 ° C.
- the fuel mixture consumes all the residual carbon of the unburned materials having undergone the gasification reaction and the gas resulting from the combustion of the fuel mixture and enriched with CO by passage through the ashes joins the raw reaction gas, increasing the qualities of the latter.
- the gasification reaction is so rapid that there is no passage through the usual phase of tar formation, which simplifies the process and reduces the cost.
- said heating of said gaseous mixture takes place in a horizontal heater, filled with refractory thermal materials, and it comprises, sequentially, during a first period of time, a first phase of heating refractory thermal materials of a first portion of the heater by passing through this first portion by flue gases obtained by combustion of combustible gas and combustion air, and a first phase of heat exchange between refractory thermal materials, previously heated, a second portion of the heater and the water vapor and the feed gas fed into the second part of the heater, and for a second period of time, a second heating phase of the refractory thermal materials of the second part of the heater that has been cooled during the first phase of rmique, by crossing this second part by the aforementioned flue gases, and a second phase of heat exchange between the refractory heat materials of the first part of the heater, - A - which have been heated during said first heating phase, and the water vapor and the feed gas supplied in this first part of the heater
- said feed gas is air
- said heated gas mixture is a mixture of air and water vapor and said gas forming with the dry feed gas, heated
- a fuel mixture is a gaseous fuel.
- it is gasified in the presence of an oxidizing gaseous medium, which makes it possible, after cooling and purification, to produce a purified reaction gas that can be used in industrial furnaces or to supply gas turbines or various engines.
- said feed gas is a fuel gas
- said heated gas mixture is a mixture of this fuel gas and water vapor and said gas forming with the dry feed gas, heated, a fuel mixture is an oxidizing gas.
- the gasification is advantageously carried out in the presence of a recycled gas mixed with water vapor, which makes it possible to produce synthesis gas for the production of, for example, ammonia, methanol, fuel synthetic liquid, or direct reduction of minerals.
- the present invention also relates to a heater for carrying out the process according to the invention.
- This heater comprises - a horizontal cylindrical envelope, a vertical perforated partition dividing this envelope into two parts, each filled with refractory thermal materials,
- At least one burner to which the fuel gas and the combustion air are fed, and which is situated at the bottom of the heater near the perforated partition, and
- FIG. 1 schematically represents a carbonaceous material gasification installation implementing a method according to the invention.
- Figure 2 is an enlarged scale, a schematic axial sectional view of a heater, as shown in Figure 1.
- FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a refractory heat element that can be used in the heater of FIG.
- FIG. 4 represents, on an enlarged scale, a schematic view of a gasification reactor according to the invention, as illustrated in FIG.
- FIG. 5 represents a partial schematic view of a variant embodiment of a gasification reactor that can be used according to the invention.
- FIG 1 is illustrated an embodiment of installation according to the invention.
- This installation comprises a gas heater 1 which feeds a gasification reactor 2 into an oxidizing gas mixture formed of air and water vapor, at a temperature of at least 1200 ° C., and in dry air at this same temperature. .
- the heater has a cylindrical envelope 3 which is arranged horizontally and divided into two parts 4 and 5, advantageously symmetrical, by a perforated vertical partition 6. These two parts are filled with refractory thermal materials 7, an item of which is shown in more detail in Figure 3. It is understood that this is shown for illustrative purposes and that many other forms of refractory thermal materials can be applied.
- each of the two parts 4.5 of the casing there is provided an inlet for water vapor 8.8 'which is located opposite the perforated partition 6.
- This inlet of water vapor 8, 8 ' is located at the top of the heater 1 and is closable by a valve.
- an inlet 9,9 'for a gas supply which, in the exemplary embodiment, is air. This is at a lower level than that of the inlet 8,8 'for the water vapor, in particular at the bottom of the heater 1, and it is supplied with air by a compressor 10 connected to these inputs 8, 8 'by a conduit 11, 11' closable by a valve 12,12 '.
- the heater further comprises an outlet 13 for the heated gas mixture of air and steam, which outlet is unique for the two parts 4 and 5 in the illustrated example and which communicates with the gasification reactor via a duct. 14.
- This single outlet 13 is located between the two parts 4 and 5 of the heater, above the perforated partition 6, so as to be in simultaneous communication with the two aforementioned parts 4 and 5.
- the heater also comprises an outlet 15 for heated dry air, which, in the example illustrated, is common to the two parts 4 and 5 of the envelope, and therefore unique.
- This outlet 15 is in the lower half of the heater. It is in communication with the gasification reactor 2 via line 16.
- the heater further comprises a burner 17, which, in the example shown, is common to the two parts 4.5 of the envelope and therefore unique. Here, it is supplied with combustion air, preferably already hot, by a conduit 18 closed by a valve 19 and fuel gas, preferably already hot, by a conduit 20 closed by a valve 21.
- a valve 22 sets the chamber combustion 23 where the burner opens in communication with one or other of the parts 4 and 5 of the heater, alternatively.
- Each of these parts is provided with at least one outlet for the flue gas, here two outlets 24,24 ', closable by valves 25,25'.
- the flue gases are evacuated under pressure through the conduits 26, 26 'to an expansion device 27.
- the gasification reactor as illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 4, is supplied with carbonaceous material 29 from a storage tank 28 into which heated dry air can be introduced at 30, bottom of the tank 28.
- This is provided with an elevator 31 which opens at the top of an intermediate tank 32, which is in communication from below with a pressurized tank 33, then with a permanent pressure tank 34.
- These tanks 32, 33 and 34 are respectively separated by valves 35 and 36.
- the gasification reactor 2 is supplied with gasification material at its top, by a material injection screw 37 receiving this material from the tank 34 and introducing it into the jet of heated oxidizing gas mixture which emits under pressure into the reactor .
- the illustrated reactor 2 is provided with an annular duct 38 for collecting the reaction gases and this duct communicates with a lateral outlet duct 39.
- conduit 16 which supplies the heated dry air from the heater and a conduit 40 which is fed with a gaseous fuel.
- an orifice 42 is provided for the evacuation of the latter in a pressurized watering chamber 43 provided with nozzles 44 for injecting water in spray form.
- the orifice 42 is provided with a flow control member known per se 45.
- the spraying chamber 43 communicates from below with an intermediate tank 44, then with a conveyor belt 45.
- the outlet duct 39 for the raw reaction gas is connected via a duct 46 to a heat exchanger 47 which, in the example shown, comprises four stages.
- the upper stage 48 is provided with an inlet and an outlet for the combustion air.
- the next stage 49 is provided with an inlet and an outlet for the fuel gas and the next stage 50 is provided with an inlet for water and an outlet for water vapor.
- the lower stage 51 is provided with an inlet and an outlet for drying air.
- the combustion air inlet is, in the illustrated example, connected by the duct 52 to the air compressor 10 and the combustion air outlet is connected via the duct 18 to the burner 17 of the heater 1.
- the fuel gas inlet is, in the illustrated example, connected by the duct 53 to the purified reaction gas outlet duct 54.
- the fuel gas outlet is connected to the burner 17 via the duct 20.
- the inlet for the water in the stage 50 of the heat exchanger is at 55 and the steam leaving via the duct 56 can be transmitted through the container 57 to the steam inlet. water 8 and 8 'of the heater 1.
- the inlet for the drying air in the stage 51 is at 58 and the heated dry air exiting at 59 is supplied with 30 for drying the carbonaceous materials to be treated.
- the bottom of the heat exchanger 47 is, via a filter 61, in communication with a washer 60, followed by a two-stage scrubber 62 and 63, filled with activated carbon and operating alternately.
- the outlet duct of the purified reaction gas 54 is connected to the top of these two stages of scrubber
- the installation according to the invention operates in the following manner: in a first time period, a heating phase of the part 5 of the heater 1 takes place.
- the valve 22 is in the position shown in solid lines in FIG. 2.
- Preheated air at a temperature of 750 ° C. in the stage 48 of the heat exchanger 47 and the preheated fuel gas at a temperature of 450 ° C in the stage 49 of the same exchanger are burned in the burner 17.
- the fuel gas comes, in the illustrated example, a partial recycling of the purified reaction gas obtained in 54.
- the flue gases pass through the thermal materials 7 of the part 5 of the heater by heating them at high temperature, then they are discharged through the outlet 24 ', the conduit 25' and the device 27 where is performed a relaxation.
- Inlet valve 8 'for water vapor and valve 12' for air inlet are closed.
- the part 4 of the heater allows a heat exchange.
- compressed air 10 is injected into a lower zone of this same part 4 of the heater, through the inlet 9.
- the valves 25 of the flue gas outlets are then closed.
- the air heated by the thermal materials in the part 4 of the heater is mixed with the heated water vapor in the upper zone of this part and this oxidizing mixture leaves the heater via the conduit 13 at a temperature which can reach 1300 ° C. at 1400 ° C.
- the air does not mix with water vapor and is instead dried, which allows a simultaneous outlet of dry air through line 15 at a temperature also from 1300 to 1400 ° C.
- This first period of time can last for example 2.5 to 4 minutes.
- valves are then inverted in each part of the heater.
- the fuel gas inlet is cut off by closing the valve 21 for 2 seconds and then the valve 22 is placed in the position shown in dashed lines in FIG. this second period of time is the part 4 of the heater which is subjected to the heating step and the part 5 to the heat exchange.
- the heater works thus continuously.
- the expansion device 27 makes it possible to recover 80% of the energy required for the compression of the air in the compressor 10. The totally burnt gases leaving the expansion device 27 are discharged into the atmosphere.
- the carbonaceous material previously dried by air preheated in the heat exchanger 47 is in the form of coarse particles of the order of 10 to 40 mm and is brought to the top of the gasification reactor 1. There it is supplied in a stream of gas oxidizing air + steam at very high temperature (1300 ° - 1400 ° C) forming a mobile bed where a reaction occurs, without passing through the tar formation phase.
- the reaction in reactor 2 produces a crude reduction gas having a temperature of the order of 900 ° C.
- the gas is evacuated, via the circular duct 38, the duct 39, a cyclonic separator 64 and the duct 46, to the heat exchanger 47 which it traverses from top to bottom the 4 stages 48 to 51.
- the raw reaction gas cooled then passes through the filter 61, the gas washer 60 and one of the two scrubber stages 62,63 which provides a purified reaction gas, part of which can be recycled and used for the operation of the burner 17 .
- the dry air very hot (1300-1400 0 C) is injected into a lower part of the gasification reactor 2, through the conduit 16.
- fuel gas preheated to 750 ° C in the exchanger Thermal 47 is injected at 40.
- This fuel gas also comes from a recycling of the purified reaction gas obtained.
- the combustion of this fuel gas in dry air causes a temperature rise to above 1500 ° C, possibly up to 1600 ° C.
- the ashes resulting from the gasification reaction carried out at the top of the reactor 2 and falling are traversed by the gas of the latter combustion and all the carbon they contain. still is consumed, these gases being collected with the reaction gas via line 38.
- the ashes 41 liquefy and accumulate at the bottom of the reactor 2 in molten form. Their level is controlled by differential pressure and they flow into the watering chamber 43 where, by jets of water, they are cooled and vitrified and then discharged by the conveyor belt 45.
- finer carbonaceous materials the particles of which have a size of the order of 0.5 to 8 mm.
- These are fed from several permanently pressurized tanks 34 arranged peripherally around the reactor and this by means of several feed screws 37.
- the gas mixture oxidizing air + steam is also injected tangentially at these levels. screw 37, which makes it possible to form in the middle of the reactor a circulating bed in which the gasification reaction takes place.
- the crude reaction gas is collected at the top of the reactor, while the lower part of the latter may be identical to that shown in FIG. 4.
- the heater 1 it is also possible to heat a fuel gas in the heater 1, instead of air, and especially the recycled reaction gas which has been taken for example from 65 in the fuel line. output of the purified reaction gas.
- the heated gas mixture exiting the heater through line 14 is therefore a mixture of recycled reaction gas + steam, while the dry gas exiting via line 16 is dry recycled reaction gas, which is a combustible gas.
- Through line 40 neither a gaseous fuel but an oxidizing gas, for example oxygen, is supplied.
- This process makes it possible to produce at the outlet of the installation a purified synthesis gas which has a CO + H 2 concentration> 90%.
- the net yield of the gasification can then be of the order of 82%.
- an important advantage of the process according to the invention is that the emissions to the atmosphere do not include harmful elements of the S, Cl, P, NO, fly ash type, or discharge of pollutants such as tars. , toxic liquids, and the like.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
- Separating Particles In Gases By Inertia (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
BE2004/0567A BE1016325A3 (fr) | 2004-11-18 | 2004-11-18 | Procede de gazeification de matieres carbonees et dispositif pour sa mise en oeuvre. |
PCT/EP2005/055978 WO2006053869A1 (fr) | 2004-11-18 | 2005-11-15 | Procede de gazeification de matieres carbonees et dispositif pour sa mise en oeuvre |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1831336A1 true EP1831336A1 (fr) | 2007-09-12 |
Family
ID=34974766
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP05803078A Withdrawn EP1831336A1 (fr) | 2004-11-18 | 2005-11-15 | Procede de gazeification de matieres carbonees et dispositif pour sa mise en oeuvre |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US7736401B2 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP1831336A1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JP2008520785A (fr) |
CN (1) | CN101072852A (fr) |
BE (1) | BE1016325A3 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2006053869A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN101251265B (zh) * | 2008-02-27 | 2012-07-11 | 广州市宇联机电有限公司 | 一种多进料口的生物质气化炉 |
US9587186B2 (en) | 2008-09-04 | 2017-03-07 | Epic Clean Technologies Corporation | Pressurized gasification apparatus to convert coal or other carbonaceous material to gas while producing a minimum amount of tar |
US8349046B2 (en) * | 2009-04-30 | 2013-01-08 | Enerjetik Llc | Method of making syngas and apparatus therefor |
WO2011021944A1 (fr) * | 2009-08-19 | 2011-02-24 | Eicproc As | Procédés combinés permettant d'utiliser un gaz de synthèse à faible émission de co2 et à rendement énergétique élevé |
CN109812832A (zh) * | 2017-11-21 | 2019-05-28 | 吴鲜家 | 高效能燃烧控制系统及其方法 |
Family Cites Families (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0089329B1 (fr) * | 1982-03-11 | 1987-06-16 | Société DISTRIGAZ | Procédé et installation de gazéification de charbon sous pression |
JP4037599B2 (ja) * | 1999-09-20 | 2008-01-23 | 独立行政法人科学技術振興機構 | 固体又は液体燃料のガス化装置及びガス化方法 |
ES2190689B1 (es) * | 2000-03-15 | 2004-10-16 | Luis M. Santi De Azcoitia Y Villanueva | Procedimiento de obtencion de gas combustible a partir de materiales combustibles. |
JP4033610B2 (ja) * | 2000-07-21 | 2008-01-16 | 独立行政法人科学技術振興機構 | 湿潤燃料ガス化システム及びガス化方法 |
EP1312662A3 (fr) * | 2001-05-07 | 2003-09-24 | Cirad-Foret | Procédé de gazéification de biomasse, appareil et utilisation |
WO2003029390A1 (fr) * | 2001-09-28 | 2003-04-10 | Ebara Corporation | Procede de modification de gaz inflammable, appareil de modification de gaz inflammable et appareil de gazeification |
-
2004
- 2004-11-18 BE BE2004/0567A patent/BE1016325A3/fr not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2005
- 2005-11-15 JP JP2007541940A patent/JP2008520785A/ja active Pending
- 2005-11-15 EP EP05803078A patent/EP1831336A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2005-11-15 CN CNA2005800394750A patent/CN101072852A/zh active Pending
- 2005-11-15 US US11/719,621 patent/US7736401B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-11-15 WO PCT/EP2005/055978 patent/WO2006053869A1/fr active Application Filing
Non-Patent Citations (2)
Title |
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None * |
See also references of WO2006053869A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US7736401B2 (en) | 2010-06-15 |
US20090145028A1 (en) | 2009-06-11 |
CN101072852A (zh) | 2007-11-14 |
BE1016325A3 (fr) | 2006-08-01 |
WO2006053869A1 (fr) | 2006-05-26 |
JP2008520785A (ja) | 2008-06-19 |
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