EP1817715A2 - Method for identifying an individual based on fragments - Google Patents

Method for identifying an individual based on fragments

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Publication number
EP1817715A2
EP1817715A2 EP05822911A EP05822911A EP1817715A2 EP 1817715 A2 EP1817715 A2 EP 1817715A2 EP 05822911 A EP05822911 A EP 05822911A EP 05822911 A EP05822911 A EP 05822911A EP 1817715 A2 EP1817715 A2 EP 1817715A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fragments
image
determination
identifying
individual
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP05822911A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Frédéric BIARNES
Pierre Chastel
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Idemia Identity and Security France SAS
Original Assignee
Sagem Defense Securite SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Sagem Defense Securite SA filed Critical Sagem Defense Securite SA
Publication of EP1817715A2 publication Critical patent/EP1817715A2/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06V—IMAGE OR VIDEO RECOGNITION OR UNDERSTANDING
    • G06V40/00—Recognition of biometric, human-related or animal-related patterns in image or video data
    • G06V40/10—Human or animal bodies, e.g. vehicle occupants or pedestrians; Body parts, e.g. hands
    • G06V40/12—Fingerprints or palmprints
    • G06V40/1335—Combining adjacent partial images (e.g. slices) to create a composite input or reference pattern; Tracking a sweeping finger movement

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method of identifying an individual from image fragments of at least a portion of the individual and a database containing image characteristics of individuals.
  • Fingerprints consist of lines whose shape, interruptions, intersections, directions, among others, are characteristics that make them unique and unique to an individual. These characteristics are identified and coded to be compared with the fingerprint characteristics stored in a database of individuals to, if possible, identify among them the owner of the fingerprints taken. The number of common characteristics makes it possible to evaluate the probability that the fingerprint recorded is the same as the stored fingerprint. Most of the coding and comparison operations are performed by computer-implemented algorithms with a relatively high success rate.
  • An object of the invention is to provide an identification method exploiting image fragments.
  • a method of identifying an individual from image fragments of at least a part of the individual and a database containing characteristics of images of several individuals including the steps of:
  • the grouping of fragments may comprise a number of characteristics sufficient to enable it to be validly compared with the image characteristics of the database.
  • the exploitation of these fragments makes it possible to have additional information for the identification of the individual.
  • FIGS. 1, 2 and 3 are views of fingerprint fragments;
  • FIG. 4 is a view of a group of fragments;
  • FIG. 5 is a view of a fingerprint.
  • a fingerprint includes lines whose shape, intersections, interruptions, direction ... are characteristics that make it unique and unique to an individual.
  • FIGS. 1, 2 and 3 show fragments 1, 2 and 3 of this fingerprint, fragments that could have been found among others at the scene of a crime.
  • Each of these fragments has a number of the characteristic points mentioned above.
  • These fragments 1, 2, 3 are recovered in the form of digital files either directly from a digital camera or from the scanning of a photograph of the fragment.
  • the method according to the invention starts with the step of identifying (or recording) the characteristics of the fragments and coding them in digital form.
  • the next step is to determine if several of the fragments 1, 2, 3 correspond to or belong to the same fingerprint. This determination is made from the coded characteristics.
  • the correspondence determination is carried out by searching for identical characteristics in fragments. This determination makes it possible to identify overlapping fragments.
  • the determination is carried out by searching for coincidences of lines, especially in the vicinity of edges of the fragments.
  • This determination makes it possible to identify contiguous fragments by searching for continuity of the lines.
  • One approach is to compute a period of lines at one edge of one of the fragments and look for such a period at different locations of the other fragments.
  • This determination also makes it possible to identify overlapping fragments.
  • the fragments comprising lines
  • the determination is based on a shape of the lines by looking for compatibilities between the line forms of the fragments.
  • the group 4 then has a number of characteristics greater than that of each fragment 1, 2, 3 taken individually (at best equal to the sum of the numbers of characteristics of each fragment, generally a little less because of the overlaps of fragments). .
  • the characteristics of the grouping 4 are then compared to those of fingerprints of identified individuals stored in a database.
  • the owner of the fingerprint is assumed to be the one having left the fingerprints on the scene of the crime.
  • the invention is not limited to the embodiments that have just been described, but on the contrary covers any variant using, with equivalent means, the essential characteristics stated above.
  • the invention is applicable to other types of images than fingerprints, and for example images representing parts of the face.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Human Computer Interaction (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Collating Specific Patterns (AREA)
  • Image Analysis (AREA)

Abstract

The invention concerns a method for identifying an individual based on fragments (1, 2, 3) of an image (5) of at least part of the individual and a database containing characteristics of images of a plurality of individuals, comprising the following steps: identifying the characteristics of the image fragments; based on the characteristics, determining whether image fragments correspond to a common image and assembling together (4) corresponding fragments, comparing the characteristics of the set to characteristics of images contained in the database.

Description

Procédé d'identification d'un individu à partir de fragments d'image Method of identifying an individual from image fragments
La présente invention concerne un procédé d'identification d'un individu à partir de fragments d'image d'au moins une partie de l'individu et d'une base de données contenant des caractéristiques d'images d'individus.The present invention relates to a method of identifying an individual from image fragments of at least a portion of the individual and a database containing image characteristics of individuals.
ARRIERE PLAN DE L'INVENTIONBACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
A la suite d'un crime notamment (ceci s'applique aussi, entre autres, aux délits) , il est connu de relever des empreintes de doigts, de paumes, ... laissées sur les lieux du crime pour tenter d'identifier le criminel ou des témoins éventuels du crime. Les empreintes digitales sont formées de lignes dont la forme, les interruptions, les intersections, les directions entre autres, consti- tuent des caractéristiques qui les rendent uniques et propres à un individu. Ces caractéristiques sont relevées et codées pour être comparées aux caractéristiques d'empreintes digitales mémorisées dans une base de données d'individus afin, si possible, d'identifier parmi ceux-ci le possesseur des empreintes digitales relevées. Le nombre de caractéristiques communes permet d'évaluer la probabilité que l'empreinte digitale relevée soit la même que l'empreinte digitale mémorisée. L'essentiel des opérations de codage et de comparaison est effectué au moyen d'algorithmes mis en œuvre par des ordinateurs avec un taux de réussite relativement important .As a result of a particular crime (this also applies, inter alia, to offenses), it is known to note fingerprints, palms, ... left on the scene of the crime to try to identify the crime. criminal or possible witnesses to the crime. Fingerprints consist of lines whose shape, interruptions, intersections, directions, among others, are characteristics that make them unique and unique to an individual. These characteristics are identified and coded to be compared with the fingerprint characteristics stored in a database of individuals to, if possible, identify among them the owner of the fingerprints taken. The number of common characteristics makes it possible to evaluate the probability that the fingerprint recorded is the same as the stored fingerprint. Most of the coding and comparison operations are performed by computer-implemented algorithms with a relatively high success rate.
Pour améliorer encore le taux de réussite de ces procédés d'identification, la plupart des professionnels se concentrent sur l'amélioration du codage des caracté- ristiques des empreintes relevées afin d'éliminer le bruit dans 1 ' empreinte relevée (par exemple des éléments du support de l'empreinte comme la typographie d'un imprimé ou les sillons d'une pièce de cuir) et limiter le risque de création de fausses caractéristiques. Or, il apparaît qu'une voie d'amélioration du taux de réussite n'a pas encore été pleinement exploitée à ce jour.In order to further improve the success rate of these identification processes, most professionals focus on improving the coding of the characteristics of the fingerprints recorded in order to eliminate the noise in the fingerprint recorded (for example, elements of the fingerprint). impression support such as the typography of a print or the furrows of a piece of leather) and limit the risk of creating false features. However, it appears that a way of improving the success rate has not yet been fully exploited to date.
En effet, il est fréquent que des empreintes relevées sur les lieux des crimes ne soient pas complètes et ne constituent que des fragments d'empreintes. Lorsque les caractéristiques de ces fragments sont comparées à celles de la base de données, il existe un risque que le nombre de caractéristiques présentes sur le fragment ou la précision de leur positionnement soit insuffisant pour permettre une comparaison fiable. Ces fragments d'empreintes sont alors écartés lors du traitement informatique ou ne donnent pas de résultats pertinents pour une comparaison fiable.In fact, it is common for fingerprints taken at the scene of the crimes to be incomplete and only fragments of fingerprints. When the characteristics of these fragments are compared with those of the database, there is a risk that the number of characteristics present on the fragment or the accuracy of their positioning is insufficient to allow a reliable comparison. These fingerprint fragments are then discarded during computer processing or do not give relevant results for a reliable comparison.
Une solution à ce problème consisterait à noter lors du relevé des empreintes sur les lieux du crime la proximité des fragments pour associer aux fragments une information de proximité. Les caractéristiques des fragments proches pourraient alors être simultanément comparées aux caractéristiques des empreintes mémorisées. L'exploitation d'une nouvelle information nécessitant d'être interprétée pourrait éventuellement être envisageable pour un traitement au cas par cas par un spécialiste mais compliquerait le traitement informatique sans en améliorer la fiabilité. II est par ailleurs connu du document US-A-One solution to this problem would be to note, when taking fingerprints at crime scenes, the proximity of the fragments to associate fragments with proximity information. The characteristics of the close fragments could then be simultaneously compared to the characteristics of the stored fingerprints. The exploitation of new information that needs to be interpreted could possibly be possible for a case-by-case treatment by a specialist, but would complicate computer processing without improving its reliability. It is moreover known from document US-A-
2002/003892 un procédé de vérification d'identité de l'utilisateur d'un téléphone portable comportant une caméra et une mémoire contenant des caractéristiques d'une empreinte digitale de l'utilisateur. Pour faire valider son identité, l'utilisateur appose son doigt sur la caméra et, comme la caméra ne peut capturer l'empreinte digitale en une seule fois du fait de la taille de son capteur, la caméra capture des images partielles de l'empreinte digitale de manière à pouvoir assembler ces ima- ges partielles et reconstituer une image complète de l'empreinte digitale. Les caractéristiques de l'empreinte digitale figurant sur cette image complète sont ensuite comparées aux caractéristiques mémorisées pour vérifier l'identité de l'utilisateur. Dans ce procédé, on sait au départ que toutes les images partielles correspondent à une même empreinte et les images partielles sont capturées de manière à permettre leur réassemblage. Pour ces raisons, ce procédé n'est adapté qu'à une simple vérification d'identité très éloignée d'une identification telle que celle décrite précédemment. Le document WO-A- 0180167 décrit un procédé analogue.2002/003892 A method of verifying the identity of the user of a mobile phone comprising a camera and a memory containing characteristics of a fingerprint of the user. To validate his identity, the user puts his finger on the camera and, as the camera can not capture the fingerprint at one time due to the size of its sensor, the camera captures partial images of the fingerprint in order to assemble these partial images and reconstruct a complete image of the fingerprint. The characteristics of the fingerprint appearing on this complete image are then compared with the stored features to verify the identity of the user. In this process, it is known at the outset that all the partial images correspond to the same imprint and the partial images are captured so as to allow their reassembly. For these reasons, this method is suitable only for a simple identity verification very far from an identification such as that described above. WO-A-0180167 discloses a similar method.
OBJET DE L'INVENTIONOBJECT OF THE INVENTION
Un but de 1 ' invention est de proposer un procédé d'identification exploitant des fragments d'images. BREVE DESCRIPTION DE L'INVENTIONAn object of the invention is to provide an identification method exploiting image fragments. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
A cet effet, on prévoit, selon l'invention, un procédé d'identification d'un individu à partir de fragments d'image d'au moins une partie de l'individu et d'une base de données contenant des caractéristiques d'images de plusieurs individus, comprenant les étapes de :For this purpose, it is provided, according to the invention, a method of identifying an individual from image fragments of at least a part of the individual and a database containing characteristics of images of several individuals, including the steps of:
- identifier des caractéristiques des fragments d' image,- identify characteristics of image fragments,
- à partir des caractéristiques, déterminer si des fragments d'image correspondent à une même image et effectuer un groupement des fragments correspondants,- from the characteristics, to determine if image fragments correspond to the same image and to carry out a grouping of the corresponding fragments,
- comparer les caractéristiques du groupement aux caractéristiques d'images mémorisées.- compare the characteristics of the grouping with the characteristics of stored images.
Ainsi, le groupement de fragments peut comporter un nombre de caractéristiques suffisant pour lui permettre d'être valablement comparées aux caractéristiques d'images de la base de données. L'exploitation de ces fragments permet de disposer d'informations supplémentaires pour l'identification de l'individu. D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention ressortiront à la lecture de la description qui suit d'un mode de mise en œuvre particulier non limitatif de l'invention. BREVE DESCRIPTION DES DESSINSThus, the grouping of fragments may comprise a number of characteristics sufficient to enable it to be validly compared with the image characteristics of the database. The exploitation of these fragments makes it possible to have additional information for the identification of the individual. Other features and advantages of the invention will emerge on reading the following description of a particular non-limiting embodiment of the invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
II sera fait référence aux dessins annexés, parmi lesquels :Reference will be made to the appended drawings, among which:
- les figures 1, 2 et 3 sont des vues de fragments d'empreintes digitales, - la figure 4 est une vue d'un groupement de fragments,FIGS. 1, 2 and 3 are views of fingerprint fragments; FIG. 4 is a view of a group of fragments;
- la figure 5 est une vue d'une empreinte digitale.- Figure 5 is a view of a fingerprint.
DESCRIPTION DETAILLEE DE L'INVENTION Une empreinte digitale comporte des lignes dont la forme, les intersections, les interruptions, la direction... constituent des caractéristiques qui la rendent unique et propre à un individu.DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION A fingerprint includes lines whose shape, intersections, interruptions, direction ... are characteristics that make it unique and unique to an individual.
On a représenté aux figures 1, 2 et 3 des frag- ments 1, 2 et 3 de cette empreinte digitale, fragments qui pourraient notamment avoir été relevés parmi d'autres sur les lieux d'un crime.FIGS. 1, 2 and 3 show fragments 1, 2 and 3 of this fingerprint, fragments that could have been found among others at the scene of a crime.
Chacun de ces fragments comporte un certain nombre des points caractéristiques mentionnés ci-dessus. Ces fragments 1, 2, 3 sont récupérés sous forme de fichiers numériques issus soit directement d'un dispositif de prise de vue numérique soit de la numérisation d'une photographie du fragment.Each of these fragments has a number of the characteristic points mentioned above. These fragments 1, 2, 3 are recovered in the form of digital files either directly from a digital camera or from the scanning of a photograph of the fragment.
Le procédé conforme à l'invention débute par l'étape d'identifier (ou relever) les caractéristiques des fragments et de coder celles-ci sous forme numériqueThe method according to the invention starts with the step of identifying (or recording) the characteristics of the fragments and coding them in digital form.
(par coder, on entend ici mettre les caractéristiques des fragments sous une forme permettant leur comparaison, par exemple sous forme de coordonnées de point et d'angle de direction de lignes et/ou d'indication relative à la na- ture de la caractéristique...) . Cette étape peut être réalisée automatiquement par un algorithme de codage connu en lui-même et mis en œuvre par un ordinateur ou manuellement par un opérateur indiquant à un ordinateur les ca- ractéristiques sur une image du fragment affichée sur l'écran de l'ordinateur. Ces deux modes de relevés et le codage qui s'en suit sont réalisés de façon classique.(By coding, here is meant to put the characteristics of the fragments in a form allowing their comparison, for example in the form of point coordinates and line direction angle and / or indication relative to the character of the feature ...). This step can be performed automatically by a coding algorithm known in itself and implemented by a computer or manually by an operator indicating to a computer the characteristics of an image of the fragment displayed on the computer screen. . These two modes of reading and the coding that follows are made in a conventional manner.
L'étape suivante consiste à déterminer si plusieurs des fragments 1, 2, 3 correspondent ou appartien- nent à la même empreinte digitale. Cette détermination est effectuée à partir des caractéristiques codées.The next step is to determine if several of the fragments 1, 2, 3 correspond to or belong to the same fingerprint. This determination is made from the coded characteristics.
Selon un premier mode de détermination, la détermination de correspondance est réalisée en recherchant de caractéristiques identiques dans des fragments. Cette dé- termination permet d'identifier des fragments qui se chevauchent .According to a first mode of determination, the correspondence determination is carried out by searching for identical characteristics in fragments. This determination makes it possible to identify overlapping fragments.
Selon un deuxième mode de détermination, les fragments comportant des lignes, la détermination est réalisée en recherchant des coïncidences de lignes notam- ment au voisinage de bords des fragments.According to a second mode of determination, the fragments comprising lines, the determination is carried out by searching for coincidences of lines, especially in the vicinity of edges of the fragments.
Cette détermination permet d'identifier des fragments contigus en recherchant des continuités des lignes. Une approche est de calculer une période des lignes à un bord d'un des fragments et de rechercher une telle pé- riode à différents endroits des autres fragments.This determination makes it possible to identify contiguous fragments by searching for continuity of the lines. One approach is to compute a period of lines at one edge of one of the fragments and look for such a period at different locations of the other fragments.
Cette détermination permet également d'identifier des fragments qui se chevauchent.This determination also makes it possible to identify overlapping fragments.
Selon un troisième mode de détermination, les fragments comportant des lignes, la détermination est ba- sée sur une forme des lignes en recherchant des compatibilités entre les formes de lignes des fragments.According to a third mode of determination, the fragments comprising lines, the determination is based on a shape of the lines by looking for compatibilities between the line forms of the fragments.
Il est alors tenté de trouver les positions théoriques possibles de chaque fragment et vérifier si ces positions théoriques des fragments sont compatibles entre elles. Ces positions théoriques sont recherchées à partir des formes de lignes des fragments en fonction d'une classification des empreintes digitales mettant en évidence les positions possibles de lignes en fonction de leur forme. Ces différents modes de détermination et d'autres peuvent être utilisés seuls ou successivement pour améliorer la fiabilité de la détermination.It is then tempted to find the possible theoretical positions of each fragment and to verify if these theoretical positions of the fragments are compatible with each other. These theoretical positions are sought from line shapes of the fragments according to a classification of fingerprints highlighting the possible positions of lines according to their shape. These different modes of determination and others can be used alone or successively to improve the reliability of the determination.
Lorsque des fragments 1, 2, 3 sont identifiés comme appartenant à la même empreinte digitale, il est effectué un groupement 4 de ces fragments.When fragments 1, 2, 3 are identified as belonging to the same fingerprint, a group 4 of these fragments is made.
Le groupement 4 présente alors un nombre de caractéristiques supérieur à celui de chaque fragment 1, 2, 3 pris individuellement (au mieux égal à la somme des nombres de caractéristiques de chaque fragment, générale- ment un peu moins en raison des chevauchements de fragments) .The group 4 then has a number of characteristics greater than that of each fragment 1, 2, 3 taken individually (at best equal to the sum of the numbers of characteristics of each fragment, generally a little less because of the overlaps of fragments). .
Les caractéristiques du groupement 4 sont ensuite comparées à celles d'empreintes digitales d'individus identifiés mémorisés dans une base de données. Lorsque le nombre de caractéristiques communes au groupement 4 et à une des empreintes digitales 5 mémorisées est supérieur à un seuil, le propriétaire de l'empreinte digitale est supposé être celui ayant laissé les fragments d'empreinte sur les lieux du crime. Bien entendu l'invention n'est pas limitée aux modes de réalisation qui viennent d'être décrits, mais englobe au contraire toute variante reprenant, avec des moyens équivalents, les caractéristiques essentielles énoncées plus haut. En particulier, l'invention est applicable à d'autres types d'images que de empreintes digitales, et par exemple des images représentant des parties de visage. The characteristics of the grouping 4 are then compared to those of fingerprints of identified individuals stored in a database. When the number of features common to the grouping 4 and one of the stored fingerprints 5 is greater than a threshold, the owner of the fingerprint is assumed to be the one having left the fingerprints on the scene of the crime. Naturally, the invention is not limited to the embodiments that have just been described, but on the contrary covers any variant using, with equivalent means, the essential characteristics stated above. In particular, the invention is applicable to other types of images than fingerprints, and for example images representing parts of the face.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1. Procédé d'identification d'un individu à partir de fragments (1, 2, 3) d'image (5) d'au moins une partie de l'individu et d'une base de données contenant des caractéristiques d'images de plusieurs individus, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend les étapes de :A method of identifying an individual from image fragments (1, 2, 3) of at least a portion of the individual and a database containing image characteristics of several individuals, characterized in that it comprises the steps of:
- identifier des caractéristiques des fragments d' image, - à partir des caractéristiques, déterminer si des fragments d'image correspondent à une même image et effectuer un groupement (4) des fragments correspondants,- identify characteristics of the image fragments, - from the characteristics, determine if image fragments correspond to the same image and perform a grouping (4) of the corresponding fragments,
- comparer les caractéristiques du groupement aux caractéristiques d'images contenues dans la base de don- nées .- compare the characteristics of the group with the characteristics of images contained in the database.
2. Procédé d'identification selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la détermination de correspondance est réalisée en recherchant des caractéristiques identiques dans les fragments (1, 2, 3) . 3. Procédé d'identification selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les fragments (1, 2, 2. Identification method according to claim 1, characterized in that the correspondence determination is carried out by searching for identical characteristics in the fragments (1, 2, 3). 3. Identification method according to claim 1, characterized in that the fragments (1, 2,
3) comportant des lignes, la détermination est réalisée en recherchant des coïncidences de lignes.3) with lines, the determination is made by searching for line coincidences.
4. Procédé d'identification selon la revendica- tion 1, caractérisé en ce que les fragments (1, 2, 3) comportant des lignes, la détermination est basée sur une forme des lignes en recherchant des compatibilités entre les formes de lignes des fragments. 4. An identification method according to claim 1, characterized in that the fragments (1, 2, 3) comprising lines, the determination is based on a shape of the lines by searching for compatibilities between the line forms of the fragments. .
EP05822911A 2004-12-01 2005-11-25 Method for identifying an individual based on fragments Withdrawn EP1817715A2 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0412737A FR2878632B1 (en) 2004-12-01 2004-12-01 METHOD FOR IDENTIFYING AN INDIVIDUAL FROM IMAGE FRAGMENTS
PCT/FR2005/002935 WO2006058986A2 (en) 2004-12-01 2005-11-25 Method for identifying an individual based on fragments

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EP1817715A2 true EP1817715A2 (en) 2007-08-15

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US (1) US20070263912A1 (en)
EP (1) EP1817715A2 (en)
FR (1) FR2878632B1 (en)
WO (1) WO2006058986A2 (en)

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WO2006058986A3 (en) 2006-11-09
FR2878632B1 (en) 2007-02-09
WO2006058986A2 (en) 2006-06-08
US20070263912A1 (en) 2007-11-15
FR2878632A1 (en) 2006-06-02

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