EP1793651A1 - Elektronische Erwärmungs-/Warmhaltestoffartikel - Google Patents

Elektronische Erwärmungs-/Warmhaltestoffartikel Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1793651A1
EP1793651A1 EP07003172A EP07003172A EP1793651A1 EP 1793651 A1 EP1793651 A1 EP 1793651A1 EP 07003172 A EP07003172 A EP 07003172A EP 07003172 A EP07003172 A EP 07003172A EP 1793651 A1 EP1793651 A1 EP 1793651A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
article
fabric
circuit pattern
heating
warming
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP07003172A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Moshe Rock
Vickram Sharma
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
MMI IPCO LLC
Original Assignee
Malden Mills Industries Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Malden Mills Industries Inc filed Critical Malden Mills Industries Inc
Priority claimed from EP03250206A external-priority patent/EP1328137B1/de
Publication of EP1793651A1 publication Critical patent/EP1793651A1/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/20—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater
    • H05B3/34—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater flexible, e.g. heating nets or webs
    • H05B3/342—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater flexible, e.g. heating nets or webs heaters used in textiles
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A41—WEARING APPAREL
    • A41D—OUTERWEAR; PROTECTIVE GARMENTS; ACCESSORIES
    • A41D31/00—Materials specially adapted for outerwear
    • A41D31/04—Materials specially adapted for outerwear characterised by special function or use
    • A41D31/06—Thermally protective, e.g. insulating
    • A41D31/065—Thermally protective, e.g. insulating using layered materials
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/002—Heaters using a particular layout for the resistive material or resistive elements
    • H05B2203/003—Heaters using a particular layout for the resistive material or resistive elements using serpentine layout
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/013—Heaters using resistive films or coatings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/017—Manufacturing methods or apparatus for heaters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/036—Heaters specially adapted for garment heating

Definitions

  • the invention relates to electrical resistance heating/warming textile articles.
  • Techniques known for augmenting heating/warming capabilities of clothing fabric include adding electric wires to the fabric, typically by incorporating the wires directly into the fabric or by attaching the wires to the fabric, e.g., by sewing. It is also known, e.g., from Gross et al. U.S. Patent No. 4,021,640 , to print an electrical circuit with a resistance heating element on a plastic sheet, such as MYLAR ® , and to incorporate strips of the plastic sheet into a fabric article, such as a glove.
  • the invention features a method of forming an electric heating/warming fabric article, the method comprising: (a) configuring a conductive sheet-form layer comprising a metallized sheet or a conductive textile into an electrically conductive circuit pattern; and (b) attaching the circuit pattern to one of a first and a second broad surface of a fabric body for producing localized heating of the fabric body upon application of electrical current to the circuit pattern.
  • Using a sheet-form conductive layer to form the circuit pattern provides a robust, flat, and pliable heating/warming element that can be easily manufactured and readily attached to a textile to form a fabric article.
  • the flexible nature of the conductive layer provides good dexterity when the heating/warming element is used in a glove or other article of clothing in which flexibility is useful.
  • the sheet-form conductive layer can also be readily configured in various circuit patterns and geometries, e.g., to provide differential heating to different areas of an article, as will be discussed further below.
  • the configuring step includes die-cutting.
  • the conductive layer includes a metallized sheet material selected from the group consisting of metallized textiles, metallized plastic sheeting, and metal foils.
  • the configuring step includes subjecting a sheet material to metal coating, plating or deposition.
  • the attaching step includes joining the conductive layer and fabric body with adhesive.
  • adhesive refers to any material that will join the layers, including both liquid adhesives and non-liquid, flowable materials such as hot melt webs (commercially available, e.g., from Bostik Co.).
  • the method further includes forming an article of clothing including the fabric body.
  • the forming step includes shaping the circuit pattern to conform to the shape of the article of clothing.
  • the article of clothing includes an article selected from the group consisting of gloves, socks, sweaters, jackets, shirts, pants, hats, and footwear.
  • the level of heat generation can be controlled.
  • the volume of the heating/warming element in the region of the toes may preferably be less than its volume in the heel region, thus creating greater resistivity in the region of the toes and greater heat generation.
  • the effective volume of the heating/warming element in the region of the fingers will preferably be less (for greater resistivity and heat generation) than in the palm region.
  • the method further includes configuring the circuit pattern to include areas of relatively higher resistivity and areas of relatively lower resistivity to provide predetermined regions of relatively higher and relatively lower localized heating.
  • the predetermined areas of relatively higher and relatively lower resistivity are provided by varying the cross-sectional area of one or more selected regions of the circuit pattern.
  • the predetermined areas of relatively higher and relatively lower resistivity are provided by varying the conductivity of one or more selected regions of the conductive layer.
  • the electric heating/warming article is incorporated into an article of clothing, and the method further includes configuring the circuit pattern to place the areas of relatively higher resistivity adjacent a wearer's extremities when the article of clothing is worn, and/or to place the areas of relatively higher resistivity adjacent regions of the wearer's body where blood flow is close to the skin surface when the article of clothing is worn. This allows more heat to be delivered to the extremities, which are prone to vasorestriction in cold weather.
  • the method may also include interposing a barrier layer between the fabric body and the sheet-form conductive layer, e.g., by attaching an outer surface of the barrier layer to the fabric layer, and attaching an inner surface of the barrier layer to the sheet-form conductive layer.
  • the attaching steps may include joining the layers with adhesive.
  • a barrier is generally used if wind protection is desired.
  • the method further includes connecting the circuit pattern to a power source, to generate heating/warming.
  • the method further includes incorporating the electric heating/warming fabric article into a home textile article, e.g., a blanket, throw, mattress cover or sleeping bag.
  • the invention features a heating/warming fabric article, including: (a) a fabric layer having an inner surface and an outer surface, and, (b) attached to the inner surface of the fabric layer, a sheet-form conductive layer including an electrically conductive circuit pattern for producing localized heating of the fabric article upon application of electrical current to the circuit pattern.
  • the fabric layer includes a textile material selected from the group consisting of weft knitted materials, warp knitted materials, woven materials, and nonwoven materials.
  • the fabric layer may have a smooth surface, a raised surface, or a brushed surface.
  • the fabric article is an article of clothing.
  • the fabric article is a blanket.
  • the article of clothing includes an article selected from the group consisting of gloves, socks, sweaters, jackets, shirts, pants, hats, footwear, accessories such as ear muffs and neck warmers, and braces and pads such as medical braces, medical bands, knee pads, back pads, and joint pads.
  • the circuit pattern includes areas of relatively higher resistivity and areas of relatively lower resistivity to provide predetermined regions of relatively higher localized heating and predetermined regions of relatively lower localized heating.
  • the areas of relatively higher and relatively lower resistivity include regions of relatively lesser and relatively greater cross-sectional area, respectively.
  • the fabric article includes an article of clothing, and the circuit pattern is configured to place the areas of relatively higher resistivity adjacent a wearer's extremities when the article of clothing is worn, and/or to place the areas of relatively higher resistivity adjacent regions of the wearer's body where arteries are close to the skin surface when the article of clothing is worn.
  • the conductive layer includes a sheet-form material selected from the group consisting of metallized textiles, metallized plastic sheeting, and metal foils.
  • the fabric article further includes adhesive interposed between the metallized layer and fabric body.
  • the fabric article may further include a barrier layer between the fabric layer and sheet-formed metallized layer. The fabric layer, sheet-formed conductive layer, and barrier layer (if present) are joined by adhesive.
  • the fabric article further includes a temperature sensor for measuring the temperature of a portion of the circuit pattern.
  • the temperature sensor is configured to measure the temperature of a first portion of the circuit pattern, and the first portion of the circuit pattern is configured to have the same resistance as a second portion of the circuit pattern, to allow the temperature of the second portion to be estimated by measuring the temperature of the first portion.
  • the fabric article further includes a controller configured to adjust the power supplied to the circuit pattern in response to changes in the measured temperature.
  • the invention features a method of forming an electric heating/warming fabric article, the method including: (a) die-cutting a sheet-form conductive layer to form an electrically conductive circuit pattern wherein a first portion of the conductive layer is relatively narrower to increase localized heating and a second portion of the conductive layer is relatively wider to decrease localized heating; (b) attaching the circuit pattern to an outer surface of a fabric body; (c) incorporating the fabric body into an article of clothing; and (d) connecting a power source to the circuit pattern, thereby producing localized heating of the fabric body upon application of electrical current to the circuit pattern.
  • the second portion of the conductive layer may be made sufficiently wide that the second portion does not heat up at all, and functions only as a bus.
  • the heating/warming element 16 consists of die cut conductive sheet material, through which an electric current is conducted for producing local heating.
  • the conductive sheet material may be, for example, a metallized sheet, e.g., a metallized textile or metallized plastic sheeting or a metal foil, or a conductive textile, e.g., a knitted, woven or non-aroven material containing conductive fibers or yarns.
  • the heating/warming element may be incorporated, e.g., directly or in the form of a textile laminate, into articles of clothing or footwear, and into home furnishings such as blankets and the like. Electric current, e.g. alternating current, via a power cord and plug, or direct current, via a battery, is then applied through the element to cause generation of heat, due to electric resistance.
  • a windproof, water-resistant, and vapor permeable electric heating/warming composite fabric article 10 constructed in accordance with this invention has three major components. These components include a fabric layer 12, a barrier layer 14 and an electric heating/warming element 16, the fabric layer 12 and barrier layer 14 being joined at opposed fabric inner surface 13 and barrier outer surface 15, respectively, by adhesive 18.
  • the barrier layer 14 may be omitted.
  • the electric heating/warming composite fabric article includes a fabric layer 12 and an electric heating/warming element 16.
  • the fabric layer 12 inner surface 13 is joined to the inner surface 17 of the electric heating/warming element 16 by adhesive 18.
  • the fabric article 10 may further include a second fabric layer (not shown), with the heating/warming element and the barrier layer (if included) being interposed between the two fabric layers.
  • the fabric layer 12 is made in any well known manner, e.g. the fabric layer 12 may be a knitted material, e.g., a plaited circular knitted or reverse plaited circular knitted material, or other circular knitted material (such as double knitted, single jersey knitted, two-end fleece knitted, three-end fleece knitted, terry knitted or double loop knitted material), or warp knitted or weft knitted material, or a woven or non-woven material.
  • the material of the fabric layer is preferably hydrophobic, in order to resist penetration of liquids.
  • the material of the fabric layer is preferably naturally hydrophilic, chemically rendered hydrophilic, or hydrophobic, in order to enhance removal and transport of perspiration away from the skin.
  • the inner surface 13 of fabric layer 12, to which the adhesive 18 is adhered is preferably flat.
  • the exposed, outer surface 20 of fabric layer 12 may be flat or raised, e.g. by brushing, sanding or napping, and/or may be otherwise provided with decorative and functional features and finishes, e.g. as well known in the art.
  • the barrier layer 14 is formed of a vapor permeable membrane which is nonporous hydrophilic or micro-porous hydrophobic or a combination of both, e.g. in layers, as appropriate to the nature of the intended use, or as otherwise desired.
  • the material of the barrier layer 14 may also be preferred that the material of the barrier layer 14 be soft and stretchable.
  • the barrier layer is constructed and/or formulated to resist air and water droplets from passing through the composite fabric article 10 while being permeable to water vapor.
  • the fabric layer 12 may typically be a knitted material, and a preferred material for barrier layer 14 is poly urethane, e.g. as available from UCB Chemical Corp.
  • the fabric layer 12 may be a warp knitted material, and a preferred material for barrier layer 14 is poly tetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), e.g., as available from Tetratec, of Feasterville, Pennsylvania.
  • PTFE poly tetrafluoroethylene
  • the barrier layer 14 is joined to the inner surface 13 of fabric layer 12 by adhesive 18, typically applied in spots, lines or other discrete regions, or by attachment, lamination or other suitable manner of combining.
  • adhesive 18 typically applied in spots, lines or other discrete regions, or by attachment, lamination or other suitable manner of combining.
  • a similar composite fabric (but having an additional internal fabric layer) is described in commonly assigned Lumb et al. U.S. Patent No. 5,364,678 , the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.
  • electric heating/warming element 16 is disposed upon the outer surface 22 of banier layer 14.
  • the electric heating/warming element 16 is formed of metallized textile or plastic sheeting or metal foil.
  • Suitable metallized textiles are available, e.g.; from Schlegel Systems Inc. of Rochester, New York
  • the textile may be metallized by any suitable technique, e.g., by metal coating, plating, or deposition, using chemical, electrical or mechanical techniques.
  • the metal coating or deposit is made of a conductive material that provides a very low resistance, typically less than about 500 ohms per square.
  • Suitable conductive materials include silver, copper, nickel, nickel-chrome, and combinations of these metals.
  • the metallized textile or plastic sheeting or metal foil can be produced in any desired electrically continuous (in whole or in part) circuit pattern or produced in sheets and then diecut into the desired pattern.
  • the element (or its parts) is then attached or inserted, e.g., alone or laminated to or between one or two layers of suitable non-conductive material, to, or into, the fabric layer 12, to form a textile product.
  • formation of the electric heating/wanning element as a die cut stamping allow the buses to be formed integrally with the heating elements.
  • the heating elements may be spaced asymmetrically so that selected regions get preferentially warmer than other regions, or, as described in more detail below, by providing selected heating elements that are relatively more narrow than other heating elements, greater resistivity, with resultant generation of more heat, can be provided to selected regions.
  • the heating/warming element may be formed of a conductive textile, e.g., a textile that includes conductive fibers and/or yarns.
  • a conductive textile e.g., a textile that includes conductive fibers and/or yarns.
  • Suitable conductive fibers and yarns include, for example, carbon and polyaniline.
  • the predetermined pattern of the heating/warming element 16 may be custom designed for the particular purpose for which the composite fabric article 10 of the invention is to be used.
  • the pattern of the heating/warming element 16 of the composite fabric article 10 of FIG. 3 is designed for use in making a glove.
  • the electric heating/warming element 16 forms a pattern having four elongated branches 28A, 28B, 28C, 28D (corresponding to fingers of a glove) and one or more sections 28F (corresponding to the palm or back of the body of a glove).
  • the heating/warming element 16 is formed as a continuous circuit, terminating at each end in a contact pad 28G, 28H, respectively.
  • the contact pads preferably are disposed adjacent to each other in a region convenient for connection to a source of power, e.g. for a glove, as shown, in a region to form the wrist of the glove.
  • the heating/wanning element 16 is connected, by wire conductors 30, 32 extending from contact pads 28G, 28H, respectively, in a circuit including a switch 34 and a power supply, e.g., a battery pack 36. When switch 34 is closed, the heating/warming element 16 is activated to generate heat/warmth.
  • the pattern features of the heating/warming element 16 shown in FIG. 3 are sized and shaped to conform to the regions of the resulting fabric article, i.e., the glove; so that the composite fabric can readily be cut to form one side of a glove.
  • Patterns for use in other types and sizes of garments and fabric articles e.g. such as socks, sweaters, jackets, shirts, pants, hats, gloves, footwear (e.g. shoes and boots) and so on, can be generated in a similar manner, e.g., as will be discussed below with reference to FIGS. 4-6.
  • a composite fabric article 40 of the invention has a heating/warming element 42 sized and shaped to conform to the regions of the selected resulting fabric article, i.e., in this embodiment, a boot, to be heated/warmed so that the composite fabric can readily be cut to be formed and/or incorporated into a boot liner.
  • the heating/warming element 42 has heating/warming regions 44, 45, with sections of relatively reduced cross-sectional area for increased resistivity and heat generation, corresponding to the toe/ball and heel surfaces, respectively, of a wearer's foot.
  • the heating/warming element 42 which forms a circuit, terminates at each end in a contact pad 46, 47, respectively.
  • the contacts pads are disposed adjacent to each other in a region convenient for connection to a source of power, e.g., as shown, in a region to extend into or above the ankle collar of the boot.
  • a composite fabric article 50 of the invention has a heating/warming element 56 sized and shaped to conform to the regions of the selected resulting fabric article, i.e., in this embodiment, the opposite chest surfaces of a garment such as a shirt or a jacket 60 (FIG. 6), to be heated/warmed.
  • the heating/warming element, 56 terminates at each end in a contact pad 58, 59, respectively, the pads being disposed adjacent to each other in a region convenient for connection to a source of power, as discussed below.
  • a pair of fabric articles 50 is shown incorporated into jacket 60.
  • a battery pack 68 for powering each of the heating/warming composite fabric articles 50 is contained in the associated zippered pockets 70, 71.
  • the battery pack 68 e.g. as available from Polaroid Corporation, of Cambridge, Massachusetts, is preferably removably connected to the contact pads 58, 59 of heating/warming element 56 by releasable fastening elements 72, e.g. clips, snaps or other secure but releasable fastening elements.
  • The.fastening elements may provide the electrical connection of the battery pack to the circuit, or, alternatively, may maintain the battery pack in position for contact of the battery pack with separate connectors.
  • This arrangement permits the battery pack 68 to be removed, e.g., whenever the fabric article 50 is to be washed, or for replacement.
  • the heating/warming circuit 56 may also include an oscillator chip 74 or other timing or cycling device for cycling application of electrical power from the battery pack 68 to the heating/warming element 56, e.g., to extend battery pack life. For example, a timing cycle of three minutes "on” followed by one minute "off” is considered suitable for an electric heating/warming composite fabric article 50 incorporated as a chest panel of the heating/warm jacket 60 suited for outdoors use.
  • a composite fabric article 10 of the invention is formed by first combining the fabric layer 12 and barrier layer 14 with adhesive 18 disposed therebetween. An electric heating/warming element 16 is then affixed upon the surface 22 of the barrier layer 14. The resulting composite fabric article 10 is cut to shape, and otherwise processed using standard clothing procedures, for incorporation, e.g., into an article of clothing or the like. Alternatively, the heating/warming element 16 may be affixed upon the surface 22 of the barrier layer 14, before the barrier layer 14 and the fabric layer 12 are secured together.
  • an electric heating/warming composite fabric article 110 consists of a fabric layer 112 having an inner surface 114 upon which an electric heating/warming element 116 is disposed.
  • the composite fabric article 110 may be employed without a barrier layer.
  • a pair of fabric articles 110 may be incorporated into a garment, e.g. a jacket 60, as shown in FIG. 6, where the outer coverings 62, 64 of the opposite chest surfaces of the jacket may be a shell material selected to provide a barrier layer overlaying the heating/warming composite fabric articles 110 incorporated into the jacket.
  • the relative amounts of heat/warmth generated by a region of an electrical heating/warming element in a composite heating/warming fabric article of the invention can be controlled, e.g., by varying the width and/or by varying the length and/or the thickness of a circuit element or segment, and/or by varying the conductivity/resistivity of the material forming a segment of the circuit element.
  • a heating/warming element 56 formed of material of uniform conductivity and constant thickness has regions 80 and 82 of contrasting width, and, therefore, contrasting cross sectional area.
  • region 80 of relatively greater width there is more conductivity, i.e. less resistance to current flow, and thus less generation of heat/warmth.
  • region 82 of relatively lesser width there is less conductivity, i.e. more resistance to current flow, and thus relatively greater generation of heat/warmth.
  • a composite heating/warming fabric article 50 of the invention can be designed with a circuit element 56 that delivers relatively greater amounts of heat/warmth to selected regions of the wearer's body.
  • a composite heating/warming fabric article 10' of the invention has a heating/wanning element 16' having a region 90 of relatively lesser thickness (compared to adjacent regions).
  • a heating/warming element of constant dimension but with regions generating relatively different levels of heat/warmth may be formed by sequentially applying circuit regions using materials of inherently different conductivity.
  • a heating/warming element 102 is formed by affixing regions 104, 106 of a material of relatively greater conductivity, and thereafter, referring to FIG. 11, affixing region 108 of a material of relatively lower conductivity, region 108 interconnecting regions 104,106.
  • the conductivity of various regions of the electrical circuit may be adjusted to suit the requirements of a particular application and thereby enhance wearer comfort.
  • heating the extremities is important to providing comfort, and generally the fingers and toes, especially at their tips, require more heating than the rest of the hands and feet.
  • the electric heating/warming element 116 forms a pattern having four elongated branches 128A, 128B, 128C, 128D (corresponding to fingers of a glove) and sections 128E and 128F (corresponding to the palm or back of the body of a glove).
  • a region 129 is cut out, or is not metallized, to reduce the effective area of the conductive material.
  • the presence of region 129 increases the resistivity of the branches 128A-128D, while not significantly affecting the conductivity of the palm sections 128E and 128F. As a result, more heat will be generated in the branches 128A-128D than in the palm sections.
  • the branches 128A-128D include upper regions U, generally corresponding to the portion of the wearer's fingers from the first knuckle to the tip, and lower portions L, generally corresponding to the portion of the wearer's fingers from the first knuckle to the intersection of the finger with the palm.
  • the upper regions U are narrower than the lower regions L, and thus have a greater resistivity and as a result generate more heat at the wearer's fingertips.
  • the temperature generated in upper portions U is about 101 degrees Fahrenheit while the temperature generated in lower portions L is about 80 degrees Fahrenheit. This provides greater heat generation in the fingers, and particularly at the tips of the fingers, providing more comfort for the user while conserving battery power.
  • the width of the branches 128A-128D is further varied, to provide narrow areas 31 and 33, generally corresponding, respectively, to the tips and first knuckles of a wearer, and wide areas 32 and 34, generally corresponding to the areas between the knuckles of the wearer.
  • the temperature generated at narrow areas 31 and 33 is about 101 degrees Fahrenheit, while the temperature generated at wide areas 32 and 34 is about 80 degrees Fahrenheit.
  • the section next to the terminals and in the palm area will have very low resistance and thus will generate very little, if any, heat.
  • the narrow areas 31 and 33 provide high heat generation at the fingertips and close to the arteries (at the first knuckle). Providing heat generation at regions close to arteries helps to warm the blood and improve circulation. As a result, the user's fingers are kept warm without overheating the rest of the user's hand, while also conserving battery power.
  • the heating/warming element 16 is formed as a continuous circuit, terminating at each end in a contact pad 128G, 128H, respectively, for connection to a source of power, e.g., a battery pack 136, by wire connectors 130,132.
  • a source of power e.g., a battery pack 136
  • the electric heating/warming composite fabric article 110 described above with reference to FIGS. 5 and 6 may be further processed.
  • a barrier layer 122 e.g. as described above, is attached adjacent to the side of the inner surface 114 of the fabric layer, overlying at least a portion of the heating/warming element 116, using adhesive, also as described above.
  • contact pads 118 (only one is shown) of heating/warming element 116 are left exposed for connection to a source of power (FIG. 13), or electrical connectors 124 (only one is shown) are provided for connecting the contact pads and power source through the barrier layer 122 (FIG. 14).
  • the heating/warming element is supported by a fabric layer, whether or not a barrier layer is provided.
  • the fabric layer may be naturally hydrophilic, chemically rendered hydrophilic, or hydrophobic.
  • a barrier layer is provided at least adjacent to the inner surface of the fabric layer, i.e., attached to the fabric layer (with or without intervening materials) or spaced from attachment to or upon the fabric layer, but positioned at the inner surface side of the fabric.
  • a barrier layer associated with or attached, e.g. by lamination or other techniques, upon the surface of the fabric layer 12 upon which the heating/warming element 16 is affixed serves also to protect the circuit against the effects of abrasion that might otherwise deteriorate the quality or continuity of the electrical heating circuit.
  • the barrier layer would also serve to resist short-circuiting in the event that condensate forms on the fabric layer inner surface.
  • the barrier layer may be formed of any suitable, protective material. It will preferably be micro porous hydrophobic or nonporous hydrophilic if it is a complete layer. Where a complete layer is not desired or employed, the barrier layer may be applied exclusively to the printed circuit itself, in which case, it will preferably be nonporous hydrophobic.
  • the temperature of a portion of the heating/warming element can be measured during use.
  • a sensor can be included to determine the temperature at the fingertip of the glove.
  • the sensor can be placed at the fingertip, with a wire running down the finger.
  • this may interfere with dexterity, and thus it may be desirable to simulate the fingertip temperature at another area of the glove and measure the temperature at that area.
  • the temperature at fingertip 150 can be simulated by providing two cut-out areas 152 in the palm region, near the wire conductors 154, 156, that define a rectangular area 158 that is calculated to have the same resistance as the portion of the circuit in the fingertip 150.
  • the temperature at the fingertip can be estimated remotely by measuring the temperature of the area 158.
  • This temperature data can be used, in conjunction with a controller (not shown), e.g., a voltage regulator, to automatically shut off the battery or deliver less power to the circuit when a maximum temperature is detected, and turn on the battery or increase power delivery when a minimum temperature is detected.
  • a controller e.g., a voltage regulator
  • the temperature can be displayed on a read-out (not shown) mounted on the glove, and a manual control can be provided to allow the wearer to turn the battery on and off or adjust the temperature.
  • additional fabric layers may be added to enhance various aesthetic and functional characteristics of the electric heating/warming composite fabric article.
  • the circuit used in the heating/warming element may be a parallel circuit, e.g., as shown in Fig. 18.
  • the relatively wide areas 202 act as buses, while the cut-out areas 204, 206 provide areas of higher resistivity, as discussed above.
  • the circuit shown in Fig. 18 also illustrates that the circuit need not be symmetrical, e.g., in the circuit shown in Fig. 18 there are three cut-out areas 206 in the upper region of the circuit, but only two cut-out areas 204 in the lower region of the circuit.
  • the heating/warming element may be used in many different applications.
  • a heating/warming element 220 for use in a sock, shoe, or other article of footwear, is shown in Fig. 19.
  • the circuit includes a left hand portion 222 and a right hand portion 224, separated by a cut-out area 226.
  • Cut-out area 226 is shaped to provide relatively wide bus areas 228 in the heel region, and relatively narrower, higher resistivity areas 230 in the forefoot region.
  • the toe portions 232 are narrowest of all, and thus have the highest resistivity, so that the highest temperature will be generated adjacent the wearer's toes.
  • a broad aspect of the invention provides a method of forming an electric heating/warming fabric article, the method comprising: configuring a sheet-form conductive layer element into an electrically conductive circuit pattern; and attaching said circuit pattern to one of a first and a second broad surface of a fabric body for producing localized heating of the fabric body upon application of electrical current to said circuit pattern.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Professional, Industrial, Or Sporting Protective Garments (AREA)
  • Surface Heating Bodies (AREA)
EP07003172A 2002-01-14 2003-01-14 Elektronische Erwärmungs-/Warmhaltestoffartikel Withdrawn EP1793651A1 (de)

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EP03250206A EP1328137B1 (de) 2002-01-14 2003-01-14 Elektrische heizende/wärmende Stoffgegenstände

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Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB581212A (en) * 1944-05-18 1946-10-04 Callender Suchy Developments L Improvements in electrically heated clothing, blankets and the like
GB587189A (en) * 1944-01-25 1947-04-17 Albert Victor Summers Improvements relating to electrically heated garments
GB653641A (en) * 1947-02-20 1951-05-23 British Thomson Houston Co Ltd Improvements in and relating to temperature control devices for electric blankets
DE3334744A1 (de) * 1982-10-06 1984-04-12 Bulten-Kanthal AB, 73401 Hallstahammar Heizvorrichtung und verfahren dieselbe herzustellen
US4764665A (en) * 1985-07-02 1988-08-16 Material Concepts, Inc. Electrically heated gloves
EP1021064A2 (de) * 1999-01-13 2000-07-19 Malden Mills Industries, Inc. Elektrische heizende/wärmende Stoffgegenstände

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB587189A (en) * 1944-01-25 1947-04-17 Albert Victor Summers Improvements relating to electrically heated garments
GB581212A (en) * 1944-05-18 1946-10-04 Callender Suchy Developments L Improvements in electrically heated clothing, blankets and the like
GB653641A (en) * 1947-02-20 1951-05-23 British Thomson Houston Co Ltd Improvements in and relating to temperature control devices for electric blankets
DE3334744A1 (de) * 1982-10-06 1984-04-12 Bulten-Kanthal AB, 73401 Hallstahammar Heizvorrichtung und verfahren dieselbe herzustellen
US4764665A (en) * 1985-07-02 1988-08-16 Material Concepts, Inc. Electrically heated gloves
EP1021064A2 (de) * 1999-01-13 2000-07-19 Malden Mills Industries, Inc. Elektrische heizende/wärmende Stoffgegenstände

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