EP1784226A2 - Cyanine dyes conjugated with antibodies for the diagnosis of micrometastasis - Google Patents

Cyanine dyes conjugated with antibodies for the diagnosis of micrometastasis

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Publication number
EP1784226A2
EP1784226A2 EP05776048A EP05776048A EP1784226A2 EP 1784226 A2 EP1784226 A2 EP 1784226A2 EP 05776048 A EP05776048 A EP 05776048A EP 05776048 A EP05776048 A EP 05776048A EP 1784226 A2 EP1784226 A2 EP 1784226A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
dysplasia
stands
use according
micrometastasis
chain
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP05776048A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Michael Schirner
Kai Licha
Peter Hauff
Christin Perlitz
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Bayer Pharma AG
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Bayer Schering Pharma AG
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Priority to EP05776048A priority Critical patent/EP1784226A2/en
Publication of EP1784226A2 publication Critical patent/EP1784226A2/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K49/00—Preparations for testing in vivo
    • A61K49/001—Preparation for luminescence or biological staining
    • A61K49/0013—Luminescence
    • A61K49/0017—Fluorescence in vivo
    • A61K49/0019—Fluorescence in vivo characterised by the fluorescent group, e.g. oligomeric, polymeric or dendritic molecules
    • A61K49/0021—Fluorescence in vivo characterised by the fluorescent group, e.g. oligomeric, polymeric or dendritic molecules the fluorescent group being a small organic molecule
    • A61K49/0032—Methine dyes, e.g. cyanine dyes
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
    • A61K47/50—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
    • A61K47/50—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates
    • A61K47/51—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent
    • A61K47/62—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being a protein, peptide or polyamino acid
    • A61K47/64—Drug-peptide, drug-protein or drug-polyamino acid conjugates, i.e. the modifying agent being a peptide, protein or polyamino acid which is covalently bonded or complexed to a therapeutically active agent
    • A61K47/643—Albumins, e.g. HSA, BSA, ovalbumin or a Keyhole Limpet Hemocyanin [KHL]
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
    • A61K47/50—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates
    • A61K47/51—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent
    • A61K47/68—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being an antibody, an immunoglobulin or a fragment thereof, e.g. an Fc-fragment
    • A61K47/6835—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being an antibody, an immunoglobulin or a fragment thereof, e.g. an Fc-fragment the modifying agent being an antibody or an immunoglobulin bearing at least one antigen-binding site
    • A61K47/6843—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being an antibody, an immunoglobulin or a fragment thereof, e.g. an Fc-fragment the modifying agent being an antibody or an immunoglobulin bearing at least one antigen-binding site the antibody targeting a material from animals or humans
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
    • A61K47/50—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates
    • A61K47/51—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent
    • A61K47/68—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being an antibody, an immunoglobulin or a fragment thereof, e.g. an Fc-fragment
    • A61K47/6835—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being an antibody, an immunoglobulin or a fragment thereof, e.g. an Fc-fragment the modifying agent being an antibody or an immunoglobulin bearing at least one antigen-binding site
    • A61K47/6851—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being an antibody, an immunoglobulin or a fragment thereof, e.g. an Fc-fragment the modifying agent being an antibody or an immunoglobulin bearing at least one antigen-binding site the antibody targeting a determinant of a tumour cell
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K49/00—Preparations for testing in vivo
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K49/00—Preparations for testing in vivo
    • A61K49/001—Preparation for luminescence or biological staining
    • A61K49/0013—Luminescence
    • A61K49/0017—Fluorescence in vivo
    • A61K49/005—Fluorescence in vivo characterised by the carrier molecule carrying the fluorescent agent
    • A61K49/0058—Antibodies
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
    • G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
    • G01N33/53—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor
    • G01N33/574—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor for cancer
    • G01N33/57484—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor for cancer involving compounds serving as markers for tumor, cancer, neoplasia, e.g. cellular determinants, receptors, heat shock/stress proteins, A-protein, oligosaccharides, metabolites

Definitions

  • This invention relates to the use of conjugates of cyanine dyes with an angiogenesis specific binding component preferably with an EB-D fibronectin specific binding component for the diagnosis of micrometastasis and small proliferative lesions, in particular primary tumors, precancerosis, dysplasia, metaplasia, inflammatory lesions, e.g. psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis and/or rheumatoid arthritis, endometriotic lesions, and ocular diseases associated with angiogenesis.
  • angiogenesis specific binding component preferably with an EB-D fibronectin specific binding component for the diagnosis of micrometastasis and small proliferative lesions, in particular primary tumors, precancerosis, dysplasia, metaplasia, inflammatory lesions, e.g. psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis and/or rheumatoid arthritis, endometriotic lesions, and ocular diseases associated with angiogenesis.
  • Photons of this wavelength are comparatively little absorbed by tissue and can therefore penetrate several centimeters into the tissue before the absorption process (primarily by oxyhemoglobin and deoxyhemoglobin) ends the light transport. Absorption can take place, moreover, by the fluorescence dyes that are introduced into the tissue, but that emit the absorbed energy in the form of longer-wave fluorescence radiation.
  • This fluorescence radiation can be detected spectrally separated and makes possible the localization of dyes and the correlation with molecular structures to which the dye has bonded (see in this respect also Licha, K. (2002) Contrast Agents for Optical Imaging (Review). In: Topics in Current Chemistry - Contrast Agents II (Editor: W.
  • Fluorescence dyes from the class of cyanine dyes fall into the category of promising representatives and were synthesized in many different structural widths.
  • carbocyanines with indocarbocyanine, indodicarbocyanine and indotricarbocyanine skeletons have high extinction coefficients and good fluorescence quantum yields (Licha, K. (2002) supra, and the references cited therein).
  • the dye that is administered must lead to as high a concentration difference between the two tissue types as possible. This can be carried out based on tumor- physiological or morphological properties (blood supply, distribution kinetics, delayed removal, vessel structures) as well as based on molecular properties of the tumor and vessel cell or adjacent tissue.
  • conjugates that consist of fluorescence dyes with target-affine molecules, such as proteins, peptides, or antibodies, can be used.
  • vascular endothelial growth factor receptor VEGF-R
  • ED-B extra domain B
  • fibronectin a sequence of 91 amino acids identical in mouse, rat and human, which is inserted by alternative splicing into the fibronectin molecule, has been shown to specifically accumulate around neo-vascular structures (Castellani et al. (1994). Int. J. Cancer 59:612-618).
  • a micrometastasis is a cohesive cluster of malignant cells > 0.2 mm and a cluster of malignant cells ⁇ 0.2 mm is called sub-micrometastasis (Van der Westhuizen N. (2002) Laboratory Report; Rampaul RS 3 et al. (2001) Breast Cancer Res. 3:113-116; Bitterman A., et al. (2002) IMAJ 4:803-809).
  • Micrometastasis which presently can only be detected in vitro with a microscope can be angiogenic or non-angiogenic.
  • avascular in situ carcinoma can recruit their own blood supply by stimulating neovascularization in an adjacent host vascular bed - the most common process in human tumors
  • circulating precursor endothelial cells from bone marrow may incorporate into an angiogenic focus
  • tumors may induce host fibroblast and/or macrophages in the tumor bed to overexpress an angiogenic factor (e.g. , vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)); and (4) preexisting vessels can be coopted by tumor cells.
  • VEGF vascular endothelial growth factor
  • the angiogenic switch may also include combinations of these mechanisms (Folkman J (2001) Angiogenesis.
  • Angiogenesis activators are molecular structures as e.g., VEGF family members, VEGFR, NRP-I, Angl, Thie2, PDGF-BB and receptors, TGF- ⁇ l, endoglin, TGF- ⁇ receptors, FGF, HGF, MCP-I, Integrins ( ⁇ v ⁇ 3 , ⁇ v ⁇ 5 , ⁇ 5 ⁇ i), VE-cadherin, PECAM (CD31), Ephrins, Plasminogen activators, MMPs, PAI-I, NOS, COX-2, AC133, Chemokins or Idl/Id3.
  • Angiogenesis inhibitors are molecular structures as e.g., VEGFR-I, Ang2, TSP-1,-2, Angiostatin and related plasminogen kringles, Endostatin (collagen XVII fragment), Vasostatin, Platelet factor 4, TIMPs, MMP inhibitors, PEX, Meth-1, Meth-2, IFN- ⁇ , - ⁇ , - ⁇ , IP-10, IL-4, IL- 12, IL-18, Prolactin (M, 16K), VEGI, Fragment of SPARC, Osteopontin fragment or Maspin (Carmeliet P and Jain RK. (2000) Nature 407:249-257; Yancopoulos GD et al. (2000) Nature 407:242-248; Bergers G. and Benjamin LE (2002) Nature Reviews Cancer 3:401-410; Hendrix MJC et al. (2002) Nature Reviews Cancer 3:411-421).
  • Ntziachristos V, et al. (2000) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 97:2767-2772 describe diffuse optical tomography of fibroadenoma with indocyanine green enhancement.
  • the resolved tumors are primary tumors with a size in excess of 1 cm.
  • WO 01/23005 Al describes conjugates of ED-B specific antibodies and various dyes, and their use in the delineation of tumor peripheries. No teaching is provided on the spatial resolution that can be obtained with these conjugates.
  • the present invention provides the use of a conjugate of the general formula (I):
  • n 1 to 5 for the production of a diagnostic for the diagnosis of micrometastasis and small proliferative lesions.
  • the angiogenesis specific binding component binds to structures, which are preferentially or exclusively present in micrometastasis, in or in the vicinity of newly formed microvessels or which are present prior or during growth of microvascular structures. Such molecular structures are reviewed in, for example, WO 96/01653, Alessi P, et al. (2004) and Nanda A and St Croix B. (2004).
  • angiogenesis activators include without limitation molecular structures like, e.g. ED-B fibronectin (ED-BF), endoglin (CD105) (Burrows FJ et al.
  • VEGF family members vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGFR), NRP-I, Angl, Thie2, PDGF-BB and receptors, TGF-Bl, TGF-B receptors, FGF, HGF, MCP-I, Integrins ( ⁇ v ⁇ 3 , ⁇ v ⁇ 5 , ⁇ s ⁇ i), VE-cadherin, PECAM (CD31), Ephrins, Plasminogen activators, MMPs, PAI-I, NOS, COX-2, AC 133, chemokines or Idl/Id3.
  • Angiogenesis inhibitors include without limitation molecular structures like, e.g.
  • the angiogenesis specific binding component include ED-BF, VEGFR, or endoglin. Out of those ED-BF is a particular preferred target structure.
  • ED-BF is splice variant of fibronectin also called oncofoetal fibronectin, which is specifically formed in newly grown microvascular structures during angiogenesis.
  • the component that binds to these structures is preferably a peptide (amino acid chain with two to 50 amino acid residues), a protein (amino acid chains with more than 50 amino acid residues), a nucleic acid, a small molecule, or a sugar.
  • Preferred proteins or peptides are ligands of receptors, which are preferentially or exclusively expressed in micrometastasis and/or nearly vascularized or vascularizing structures, in particular vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) 5 and antibodies, including human, humanized and chimeric antibodies; antibody binding domain comprising fragments, e.g. Fv, Fab, Fab', F(ab') 2 , Fabc, Facb; single chain antibodies, e.g. single chain Fvs (scFvs); and diabodies.
  • VEGF vascular endothelial growth factor
  • Antibodies specific to ED-BF have been reviewed in Ebbinghaus C, et al. (2004) Curr Pharm Des. 10:1537-49. All these antibodies or antibody binding fragments thereof can be used as angiogenesis specific binding component in a preferred use of the present invention. Particularly preferred antibodies are L19, E8, AP 38 and AP 39 or binding domain comprising fragments thereof.
  • Antibodies for VEGF-R include Bevacizumab (AvastinTM, rhumAb-VEGF developed by Genentech and Roche), the anti- VEGFR-I antibody mAb 6.12, the fully human anti- VEGFR-2 antibodies IMC-2C6 and IMC-1121, the folly human anti-VEGFR-3 mAb HF4- 3C5 (all Imclone Systems Inc.), and KM-2550 (Kyowa Hakko Kogyo Co Ltd), an anti- VEGFR-I antibody (Salgaller ML (2003) Current Opinion in Molecular Therapeutics 5(6):657-667).
  • Bevacizumab AvastinTM, rhumAb-VEGF developed by Genentech and Roche
  • the anti- VEGFR-I antibody mAb 6.12 the fully human anti- VEGFR-2 antibodies IMC-2C6 and IMC-1121
  • the folly human anti-VEGFR-3 mAb HF4- 3C5 all Imclone Systems Inc.
  • Antibodies for endoglin include: SN6h, SN6, SN6a, SN6j, P3D1, P4A4, 44G4, GRE, E-9, CLE-4, RMAC8, PN-E2, MAEND3, TEC4, TECIl, Al l, 8El 1.
  • Clone SN6h has been used extensively to study expression of endoglin in different tumor entities by immunohistochemistry (Wikstr ⁇ m P. et al. (2002) The Prostate 51:268-275; Li C. et al.
  • the clone 8El 1 was investigated for its prediction of metastatic risk in breast cancer patients by immunohistochemistry (Dales J.P. et al. (2004) Br. J. Cancer 90:1216-1221). All these antibodies or antibody binding fragments thereof can be used as angiogenesis specific binding component in a preferred use of the present invention.
  • nucleic acids can possess specific binding properties, thus, the angiogenesis specific binding component can also be a nucleic acid.
  • nucleic acids include DNA, RNA, aptamers, and PNA, wherein aptamers are particularly preferred.
  • small molecules i.e. non peptidly, non nucleic acid compounds
  • a preferred small molecule is 2,2-diphenylethylamine, which has been identified to specifically bind to ED-BF (Scheuermann J. (2002) Isolation of binding molecules to the EDB domain of fibronectin, a marker of angiogenesis. Dissertation submitted to Swiss Federal Inst, of Technology, Zurich).
  • the cyanine dye is selected from the group consisting of carbocyanine, dicarbocyanine, and tricarbocyanine.
  • the synthesis of cyanine dyes useable according to the present invention can be carried out using the methods known in the state of the art and which are exemplified in, e.g. Hamer F.M. The Cyanine Dyes and Related Compounds, John Wiley and Sons, New York 1964; Ernst LA, et al.
  • indotricarbocyanines with altered substituents were synthesized and coupled to biomolecules (described in, e.g. Becker A et al., Photochem. Photobiol. 72, 234, 2000; Licha K et al., Bioconjugate Chem. 12, 44, 2001; Becker A et al., Nature Biotechnol. 19, 327, 2001; Bugaj JE et al., J. Biomed. Optics 6, 122, 2001;Achilefu S et al., J. Med. Chem. 45, 2003, 2002).
  • Various 4-substituted pyridines can be converted by means of the Zincke reaction (Zincke-K ⁇ nig reaction, see R ⁇ mpps Chemie Lexikon [R ⁇ mpps Chemical Dictionary], 10th Edition, page 5067) in high yields into meso-subs ⁇ tatQd glutaconaldehyde-dianilide, which are precursors to cyanine dyes.
  • the cyanine dye has the general formula (II)
  • a and can stand for the group (V), (VI), (VII), (VIII) or (IX)
  • R 1 and R 2 independently of one another, stand for a C rQ-sulfoalkyl chain, e.g. sulfomethyl, sulfoethyl, ⁇ -sulfopropyl, w ⁇ -sulfopropyl, sulfobutyl, wo-sulfobutyl, sec- sulfobutyl, terf-isobutyl; or a saturated or unsaturated, branched or straight-chain Q-Cso-alkyl chain, e.g.
  • R stands for B or a linker connected to B, wherein the linker is a branched or straight-chain carbohydrate chain with up to 20 carbon residues, in particular methyl, ethyl, propyl, /50-propyl, butyl, wo-butyl, tert-butyl, pentyl, hexyl, pentyl, otyl, nonyl, decyl, undecyl, dodecyl, tridecyl, tetradecyl, pentadecyl, hexadecyl, heptadecyl, octadecyl, nonadecyl, eicosyl, which is substituted with one or more -OH, -COOH, -SO 3 groups and/or optionally interrupted one or more times (preferably 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6 times) by -O-, -S-, -CO-,
  • R 4 stands for the group -COOE 1 , -CONE 1 E 2 , -NHCOE 1 , -NHCONHE 1 , -NE 1 E 2 , - OE 1 , -OSO 3 E 1 , -SO 3 E 1 , -SO 2 NHE 1 or -E 1 , wherein E 1 and E 2 , independently of one another, stand for a hydrogen atom, a C 1 -C 4 - sulfoalkyl chain, e.g.
  • sulfomethyl sulfoethyl, ⁇ -sulfopropyl, wo-sulfopropyl, sulfobutyl, w ⁇ -sulfobutyl, sec-sulfobutyl, tert-isobutyl; a saturated or unsaturated, branched or straight-chain Q-Cso-alkyl chain, e.g.
  • R 5 stands for a hydrogen atom, or a fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine atom, methyl, ethyl, propyl or wo-propyl
  • b means the number 2 or 3;
  • the cyanine dye usable according to the present invention has the general formula (X)
  • radical (XV) or (XVII) optionally can be substituted with a Cj to C 4 -alkyl radical, e.g. methyl, ethyl, propyl, wo-propyl, butyl, /so-butyl, sec-butyl, f ⁇ rt-butyl, wherein
  • R 1 stands for a Ci-Q-sulfoalkyl chain, e.g. sulfomethyl, sulfoethyl, n-sulfopropyl, w ⁇ -sulfopropyl, sulfobutyl, /so-sulfobutyl, sec-sulfobutyl, fert-isobutyl; a saturated or unsaturated, branched or straight-chain Ci-C 5 o-alkyl chain, e.g.
  • 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, or 15, oxygen atoms and/or by 0 to 3 carbonyl groups e.g. 1, 2, or 3, and/or can be substituted with 0 to 5, e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, hydroxyl groups or is optionally interrupted by 0 to 15, e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, or 15, oxygen atoms and/or by 0 to 3.
  • carbonyl groups and/or can be substituted with 0 to 5, e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5, hydroxyl groups; or M'-R 6 ;
  • R 2 stands for a C 1 -C 4 -sulfoalkyl chain, a C 1 -C 4 -sulfoalkyl chain, e.g. sulfomethyl, sulfoethyl, wo-sulfopropyl, sulfobutyl, wo-sulfobutyl, s ⁇ c-sulfobutyl, tert-isobutyl, a saturated or unsaturated, branched or straight-chain d-Cso-alkyl chain, e.g.
  • 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, or 15, oxygen atoms and/or by 0 to 3 carbonyl groups e.g. 1, 2, or 3, and/or can be substituted with 0 to 5, e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, hydroxyl groups or is optionally interrupted by 0 to 15, e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, or 15, oxygen atoms and/or by 0 to 3.
  • carbonyl groups and/or can be substituted with 0 to 5, e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5, hydroxyl groups; or M'-R 7 ;
  • R 3 , R 4 , R 6 and R 7 independently of one another, stand for the group -COOE 1 , - CONE 1 E 2' , -NHCOE 1' , -NHCONHE 1' , -NE 1 E 2' , -OE 1' , -OSO 3 E 1' , -SO 3 E 1' , -SO 2 NHE 1' or - E 1 , wherein
  • E 1 and E 2 independently of one another, stand for a hydrogen atom, a C 1 -C 4 - sulfoalkyl chain, e.g. sulfomethyl, sulfoethyl, wo-sulfopropyl, sulfobutyl, /so-sulfobutyl, sec-sulfobutyl, tert-isobutyl, a saturated or unsaturated, branched or straight-chain C 1 - C 50 -alkyl chain, e.g.
  • 0 to 3 carbonyl groups e.g. 1, 2, 3, and/or is substituted with 0 to 5 hydroxyl groups, e. g. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5;
  • M' stands for CH 2 -CH 2 or CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 2 ;
  • R 5' stands for -Q'-CH 2 -R 8' ;
  • Q' stands for C 1 to C 5 alkyl, e.g.
  • R 8' stands for -CO-NH-R 9' -R 10' , -NH-CS-NH- R 9' -R 10' or -NH-CO- R 9' -R 10' , wherein R 9 is selected from the group consisting of unbranched C 2 -C 13 alkyl, e.g. ethyl, propyl, butyl pentyl, hexyl hepty octyl, nonyl, decyl, undecyl, dodecyl and tridecyl, in which one or more C atoms, e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4, are optionally replaced by O or S 5 and
  • R 10 is B or the residual part of a coupling moiety, which is linked to B, and b' means the number 2 or 3;
  • R 5' , R 8' , R 9' , R 10' , E 1' , E 2' , M' and Q' have the meaning as outlined above for embodiment (i) and
  • A' stands for a radical (XVI) or (XVII), wherein radical (XVII) optionally can be substituted in j? ⁇ r ⁇ -position with a C 1 to C 4 -alkyl radical, e.g.methyl, ethyl, propyl, iso- propyl, wO-butyl, sec-butyl, or tert-butyl;
  • C stands for a radical (XII);
  • R 1' stands for M-R 6'
  • R 2' stands for M-R 7'
  • R 1' , R 2' , R 3' , R 4' , R 5' , R 6' , R 7' , R 8' , R 9> , R 10' , E 1' , E 2' , X', Y' and b' have the meaning as outlined above for embodiment (i); or R 5 , R 8 , R 9 , R 10 , E 1 and E 2 have the meaning as outlined above for embodiment (i) and C, R 1' , R 2' , R 3' , R 4' , R 6' , R 7' , X', Y' and b' have the meaning as outlined above for embodiment (ii) and A' stands for the radical with the formula (XVI); M' stands for CH 2 -CH 2 ; and Q' stands for C 1 to C 5 alkyl, whereby the C atoms are optionally substituted by O or
  • Q' stands for C 1 -C 5 alkyl, e.g. methyl, ethyl, propyl, zso-propyl, butyl, wo-butyl, sec-butyl, fert-butyl, n-pentyl, 1-methylbutyl, 2-methylbutyl, 3-methylbutyl, 1- dimethylpropyl, neopentyl.
  • R 1' , R 2' , R 3' , R 4' , R 5' , R 6' , R 7' , R 8' , R 9' , R 10' , E 1' , E 2' , M', X', Y' have the meaning as outlined above for embodiment (i); and R 5 , R 8 , R 9 , R 10 , E 1 , E 2 and M' have the meaning as outlined above for embodiment (i) and C, R 1' , R 2> , R 3' , R 4' R 6' R 7' , X', and Y' have the meaning as outlined above for embodiment (ii) and
  • A' stands for the radical with the formula (XVII) b' means 3, and
  • Especially preferred indotricarbocyanine dyes which can be used according to the invention are selected from the dyes with formulas (XVIII) to (XXXVI) that are listed in Table 1 below show the structure of the dyes prior to coupling to B and comprise either a maleinimide (maleimide) or bromoacetyl coupling moiety, which facilitates coupling to thiol- group containing angiogenesis specific binding components.
  • the respective coupling moiety will in some embodiments not be present anymore, if it was a leaving group, or only parts of it will remain in the conjugate called residual part of a coupling moiety.
  • Preferred dyes which can be used for coupling to an angiogenesis specific binding component are:
  • the cyanine dyes coupled to B via R 5 in the middle of the cyanine dye show a particular good quantum yield and a surprisingly low or even no reduction of the quantum yield once coupled to an angiogenesis specific binding component. Therefore, the use of the cyanine dyes according to embodiments (i) to (vi) and the specific cyanine dyes according to structures (XVIII) to (XXXVI) is in the context of the present invention particularly preferred.
  • the appropriate method for coupling the respective cyanine dye and the respective angiogenesis specific binding component primarily depends on the chemical nature of the angiogenesis specific binding component.
  • a large variety of residues or groups are known in the art, which are naturally present or can be introduced into the various angiogenesis specific binding components, e.g. -NH 2 , -COOH, -SH, -OH etc.. These groups can then form covalent bonds with groups attached to the cyanine dyes, which show a good reactivity, towards the other group resulting in the coupling of the two components.
  • inverse the order i.e. attach the reactable group to the cyanine dye and the reactive group to the angiogenesis specific binding component.
  • the skilled person is able to choose appropriate reactive and reactable groups for each respective pair of a cyanine dye and an angiogenesis specific binding component.
  • proteins or peptides comprise thiol-groups, e.g. of cysteine residues, or can be modified to comprise thiol groups. Therefore, if the conjugate used in the present invention comprises a peptide or protein and (a) cyanine dye(s) it is preferred that the cyanine dyes mentioned above comprise prior to coupling to the protein or peptide a thiol group-reactive coupling moiety.
  • Thiol group-reactive functionalities are well known in the art and comprise, e.g.
  • R 3 or R 10 in above embodiments represented such a coupling moiety prior to linkage to B. If R 3 is a linker connected to B the linker comprises such coupling moiety prior to coupling.
  • a part of the coupling moiety may remain attached to R 3 , to the linker or to R 10 .
  • This part which may remain at the junction of the cyanine dye and the angiogenesis specific binding component is referred to as "residual part of the coupling moiety".
  • the pharmaceutically acceptable salt may be any as long as it forms a non-toxic salt with the cyanine compounds outlined above.
  • examples include alkali metal salts such as sodium salts, potassium salts; salts of alkaline earth metals such as magnesium salts, calcium salts and the like organic ammonium salts such as triethyl ammonium salts, tributyl ammonium salts, pyridinium salts and the like, salts of amino acids such as lysine, arginine and the like.
  • Preferred salts are sodium salts.
  • Small proliferative lesions are in a preferred embodiment primary tumors; precancerosis; dysplasias; metaplasias; inflammatory lesions due to e.g. autoimmune diseases, e.g. psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis or infections; endometriosis; micro- lesions, preferably of the skin and/or ocular diseases associated with angiogenesis.
  • the conjugate(s) is (are) used for in vivo diagnosis of the above indicated diseases and/or micrometastasis.
  • the use of the present invention can be for routine diagnosis, i.e. for screening for the respectively indicated diseases.
  • the conjugates are used once a disease has been diagnosed with, for example, a standard x-ray procedure, e.g. mammography, a whole body scans or MRI.
  • the patient is then examined for further micrometastasis and/or small (additional) primary tumor(s).
  • Such an examination can occur for a better assessment of the severity, e.g. stage of a disease, in order to determine the best treatment options and/or prior, during and/or after a treatment procedure (e.g., drugs, radiation or surgery).
  • a treatment procedure e.g., drugs, radiation or surgery.
  • the use of the diagnostic of the present invention allows the determination whether, e.g.
  • micrometastases have already formed in the vicinity of the primary tumor and, thus, whether a lumpectomy or rather a mastectomy is indicated as an example in breast cancer.
  • the use of the diagnostic of the present invention allows to assess the success of the treatment procedure and to determine subsequent treatment regimens, e.g. radiation or chemotherapy.
  • subsequent treatment regimens e.g. radiation or chemotherapy.
  • tissue e.g. lymph nodes
  • the use of the present invention allows a more complete removal of tumors or micrometastasis during the procedure.
  • the use according to the present invention allows the detection of events preceding the onset of angiogenesis, the onset of angiogenesis or angiogenesis, i.e. already formed microvasculature, even when it occurs in very small tissue structures.
  • the micrometastasis and/or the small proliferative lesions, in particular the micrometastasis, the precancerosis, the dysplasia, the metaplasia, endometriosis and/or the primary tumor(s), which are detected with the present invention has (have) a diameter of less than 10 mm, preferably of less than 8 mm, more preferably of less than 6 mm, more preferably of less than 5 mm, more preferably of less than 4 mm, more preferably of less than 3 mm, more preferably of less than 2 mm and most preferably of less than 1 mm.
  • a particular preferred range of the micrometastasis and/or the small proliferative lesions, in particular the micrometastasis, the precancerosis, the dysplasia, the metaplasia, the inflammatory lesion, the endometriosis and/or the primary tumor(s), detectable according to the use of the present invention are between about 10 mm to about 0.1 mm, more preferably between about 10 mm to about 0.2 mm, more preferably between about 8 mm to about 0.1 mm, more preferably between about 8 mm to about 0.2 mm, more preferably between about 6 mm to about 0.1 mm, more preferably between about 6 mm to about 0.2 mm, more preferably between about 5 mm and 0.1 mm, more preferably between about 5 mm to about 0.2 mm, more preferably between about 4 mm and 0.1 mm, more preferably between about 4 mm to about 0.2 mm, more preferably between about 3 mm and 0.1 mm, more preferably between about 3 mm to about
  • the micrometastasis which is detected according to the use of the present invention is an iatrogenic micrometastasis, a hematogenous micrometastasis, a cavitary micrometastasis, an intraluminal micrometastasis, a lymphatic micrometastasis, a local micrometastasis, and/or a regional micrometastasis.
  • the micrometastasis diagnosed preferably originates from a primary tumor including but not limited to malignomas (e.g., carcinomas, sarcomas) of the gastrointestinal or colorectal tract, liver, pancreas, kidney, bladder, prostate, endometrium, ovary, testes, melanoma, dysplastic oral mucosa, invasive oral cancers, small cell and non-small cell lung carcinomas; mammary tumors, e.g.
  • malignomas e.g., carcinomas, sarcomas
  • mammary tumors e.g.
  • the small primary tumor detectable according to the use of the present invention preferably is one of the above indicated tumors.
  • the small primary tumor or the micrometastasis is a mammary tumor, in particular a hormone-dependent breast cancer or hormone independent breast cancer.
  • the precancerosis which is detectable according to the use of the present invention is preferably selected from the group consisting of precancerosis of the skin, in particular actinic keratosis, cutaneaous horn, actinic cheilitis, tar keratosis, arsenic keratosis, x-ray keratosis, Bowen's disease, bowenoid papulosis, lentigo maligna, lichen sclerosus, and lichen rubber mucosae; precancerosis of the digestive tract, in particular erythroplakia, leukoplakia, Barrett's esophagus, Plummer- Vinson syndrome, crural ulcer, gastropathia hypertrophica gigantea, borderline carcinoma, neoplastic intestinal polyp, rectal polyp, porcelain gallbladder; gynaecological precancerosis, in particular carcinoma ductale in situ (CDIS), cervical intraepithelial
  • Dysplasia is frequently a forerunner of cancer, and is found mainly in the epithelia; it is the most disorderly form of non-neoplastic cell growth, involving a loss in individual cell uniformity and in the architectural orientation of cells.
  • Dysplastic cells often have abnormally large, deeply stained nuclei, and exhibit pleomorphism.
  • Dysplasia characteristically occurs where there exist chronic irritation or inflammation.
  • Dysplastic disorders which can be diagnosed according to the present invention include, but are not limited to, anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia, anterofacial dysplasia, asphyxiating thoracic dysplasia, atriodigital dysplasia, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, cerebral dysplasia, cervical dysplasia, chondroectodermal dysplasia, cleidocranial dysplasia, congenital ectodermal dysplasia, craniodiaphysial dysplasia, craniocarpotarsal dysplasia, craniometaphysial dysplasia, dentin dysplasia, diaphysial dysplasia, ectodermal dysplasia, enamel dysplasia, encephalo- ophthalmic dysplasia, dysplasia epiphysialis heminelia, dysplasia epiphysialis multiplex, dysplasia epiphysalis
  • Metaplasia is a form of controlled cell growth in which one type of adult or fully differentiated cell substitutes for another type of adult cell.
  • Metaplastic disorders which are detectable according to the use of the present invention are preferably selected from the group consisting of agnogenic myeloid metaplasia, apocrine metaplasia, atypical metaplasia, autoparenchymatous metaplasia, connective tissue metaplasia, epithelial metaplasia, intestinal metaplasia, metaplastic anemia, metaplastic ossification, metaplastic polyps, myeloid metaplasia, primary myeloid metaplasia, secondary myeloid metaplasia, squamous metaplasia, squamous metaplasia of amnion, symptomatic myeloid metaplasia and regenerative metaplasia.
  • the ocular disease which is detectable according to the use of the present invention is preferably selected from the group consisting of trachoma, retinopathy of prematurity, diabetic retinopathy, neovascular glaucoma and age-related macular degeneration.
  • Inflammatory lesions are characterised by a number of pathological processes including without limitation infiltration of immune cells, in particular T cells and mast cells, release of cytokines and proliferation of cells.
  • immune cells in particular T cells and mast cells
  • cytokines and proliferation of cells For example, in psoriasis it has been shown that keratinocytes in an attempt to escape the destruction by immune cells start to proliferate, a process which is accompanied by neoangiogenesis. Without wishing to be bound by any theory the present inventors believe that this neoangiogenesis allows the detection of such small lesions using the present invention.
  • Inflammatory lesions detectable according to the present invention can be in response to a number of stimuli or diseases, including autoimmune diseases, which are often characterized by the formation of inflammatory lesions, infection, mechanical stimulation etc.
  • the ability to detect such small inflammatory lesions can be used on one hand to more accurately delineate the affected areas, if manifest inflammation is detectable or on the other hand to allow earlier diagnosis of the development of an inflammatory disease in a stadium, wherein the classical symptoms of the respective disease, e.g. reddening and scaling for psoriasis or joint pain and/or deformation of limbs for arthritis are not yet detectable.
  • Small inflammatory lesions which can be diagnosed with the use of the present invention are preferably those occurring in diseases or conditions selected from the group consisting of rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, septic shock osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, neuropathic pain, viral infection, e.g.
  • viral myocarditis bacterial infection insulin-dependent diabetes, non-insulin dependent diabetes, periodontal disease, restenosis, alopecia areta, psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, acute pancreatitis, allograft rejection, allergies, allergic inflammation in the lung, atherosclerosis, mutiple sclerosis, cachexia, alzheimer's disease, stroke, Crohn's disease, inflammatory bowel disease, ischemia, congestive heart failure, pulmonary fibrosis, hepatitis, glioblastoma, Guillain-Barre Syndrome, and systemic lupus erythematosus.
  • Endometriosis is a gynecological disease defined by the proliferation of endometrial tissue outside the uterine cavity. Proliferating endometrial cells can distribute through the entire body and endometrial lesions have already been found in the lung and in other organs and in that respect the distribution of endometrial lesions resembles the distribution of micrometastasis.
  • the endometric lesions, e.g. endometrial cell clusters which are detected are hematogenous cell clusters, cavitary cell clusters, intraluminal cell clusters, lymphatic cell clusters, local cell clusters and/or regional cell clusters.
  • the endometric lesions, which are detected with the present invention has (have) a diameter of less than 10 mm, preferably of less than 8 mm, more preferably of less than 6 mm, more preferably of less than 5 mm, more preferably of less than 4 mm, more preferably of less than 3 mm, more preferably of less than 2 mm and most preferably of less than 1 mm.
  • a particular preferred range of the endometric lesion detectable according to the use of the present invention are between about 10 mm to about 0.2 mm, more preferably between about 8 mm to about 0.2 mm, more preferably between about 6 mm to about 0.2 mm, more preferably between about 5 mm to about 0.2 mm, more preferably between about 4 mm to about 0.2 mm, more preferably between about 3 mm to about 0.2 mm and most preferably between about 2 mm to about 0.2 mm.
  • the dose of the conjugate is not particularly limited insofar as the dose enables detection of the site to be ultimately diagnosed. It is appropriately adjusted depending on the kind of compound to be used, age, body weight and target organ or tissue and the like. Typically the dose is between 0.002 to 100 mg/kg body weight, preferably between 0.005 to 10 mg/kg body weight, more preferably between 0.01 to 2 mg/kg body weight, and most preferably between 0.02 to 1 mg/kg body weight.
  • the fluorescence imaging method of the present invention is practised following known methods, and each parameter, such as excitation wavelength and fluorescence wavelength to be detected, can appropriately be determined for each conjugate to be administered, to achieve optimal imaging and resolution.
  • the time spend from administration of the conjugates to the determination by the fluorescence imaging method varies depending on the conjugate and the administration target. For example, when the conjugate is used for tumor imaging the lapse time typically will be in the range of about 2 to 120 hours after administration and preferably between about 2 to about 1O h after administration. When the lapse time is too short the fluorescence is so intense that angiogenic and non-angiogenic tissues can not be clearly differentiated (low signal-to-noise ratio).
  • Devices for the fluorescence imaging method are well known in the art and are describe in, for example, EP 0 868 143, EP 1 146 811 Al, EP 1 408 824 A2, EP 1 409 995 Al, and EP 1 410 330 A2.
  • the present invention can also be used in connection with surgical procedures and, therefore, the detection of the fluorescence can be carried out using surgical microscopes, microscopes, magnifying glasses and the like.
  • Such devices can be employed both in a variety of surgical procedures including open and endoscopic procedures. It is also possible to use the invention in connection with devices and procedures, which are commonly used for routine screening for cancers, e.g. colonoscopy and gastroscopy.
  • Fig. 1 The effectiveness of the dye conjugate in mesenterial Capan-1 micrometastasis 6 h after substance administration.
  • the upper panel A depicts the original image, while the lower panel B depicts the inverted image.
  • White and black dots or areas, respectively, show micrometastasis. Both images include a ruler indicating a cm size scale.
  • Fig. 2 Example of ex vivo imaging of experimental endometriotic lesion 24 h after substance administration.
  • Panel A shows the original image and Panel B shows the inverted image. Both images include a ruler indicating a cm size scale.
  • Fig. 3 Example of in vivo imaging of spontaneous micro-lesions of the skin 6 h after substance administration. Panel A shows the original image and Panel B shows the inverted image. Both images include a ruler indicating a cm size scale. Examples
  • Example 1 Trisodium 3,3-dimethyl-2- ⁇ 7-[3,3-dimethyl-5-sulfonato-l-(2-sulfonatoethyl)- 3H-indolium-2-yl]-4-(2- ⁇ [2-(2,5-dioxo-2,5-dihydro-lH-pyrrol-l-yl)ethyl]carbamoyl ⁇ - ethyl)hepta-2,4,6-trien-l-ylidene ⁇ -l-(2-suIfonatoethyl)-2,3-dihydro-lH-indoIe-5- sulfonate, internal salt (Formula XVIII)
  • the residue is dissolved in isopropanol while being heated, non-soluble portions are filtered off, and the solution is cooled to 0°C for crystallization.
  • the solid that is produced is filtered off, stirred with hexane, filtered and dried.
  • the intermediate product (15.3 g) is hydrogenated in 150 ml of ethanol with 0.15 g of 10% palladium/activated carbon for 6 hours.
  • the catalyst is filtered off, the solution is concentrated by evaporation, and the residue is filtered on silica gel (mobile solvent diethyl ether). 13.0 g of a light yellow oil (71% of theory) is obtained.
  • Example 2 Trisodium 3,3-dimethyl-2- ⁇ 7-[3,3-dimethyl-5-sulfonato-l-(2- sulfonatoethyl)-3H-indoIium-2-yI]-4-(2- ⁇ [6-(2,5-dioxo-2,5-dihydro-lH-pyrrol-l- yI)hexyl]carbamoyI ⁇ ethyl)hepta-2,4,6-trien-l-ylidene ⁇ -l-(2-sulfonatoethyl)-2,3-dihydro- lH-indole-5-sulfonate, internal salt (Formula XIX)
  • Example Ie The synthesis is carried out analogously to Example Ie) from 0.4 g (0.45 mmol) of the title compound of Example Id) and 0.21 g (0.68 mmol) of N-(6-aminohexyi)maleimide- trifluoroacetate (Int J Pept Protein Res 1992, 40, 445). Yield: 0.38 g of a blue lyophilizate (81% of theory).
  • Example 3 Trisodium 3,3-dimethyl-2- ⁇ 7-[3,3-dimethyl-5-sulfonato-l-(2-sulfonatoethyl)- 3H-indolium-2-yl]-4-(2- ⁇ [13-(2,5-dioxo-2,5-dihydro-lH-pyrrol-l-yl)-4,7,10- trioxatridecyl]carbamoyl ⁇ ethyl)hepta-2,4,6-trien-l-ylidene ⁇ -l-(2-sulfonatoethyl)-2,3- dihydro-lH-indole-5-sulfonate, internal salt (Formula XX)
  • Example Ie The synthesis is carried out analogously to Example Ie) from 0.4 g (0.45 mmol) of the title compound of Example Id) and 0.28 g (0.68 mmol) of N-(13-amino-4,7,10- trioxatridecyl)maleimide-trifluoroacetate (Int J Pept Protein Res 1992, 40, 445). Yield: 0.27 g of a blue lyophilizate (51 % of theory).
  • Example 4 Trisodium 3,3-dimethyl-2- ⁇ 7-[3,3-dimethyl-5-suIfonato-l-(2-sulfonatoethyl)- 3H-mdolium-2-yl]-4-(4- ⁇ [2-(2,5-dioxo-2,5-dihydro-lH-pyrrol-l-yl)ethyl]carbamoyl ⁇ - butyl)hepta-2,4,6-trien-l-ylidene ⁇ -l-(2-sulfonatoethyl)-2,3-dihydro-lH-indole-5- sulfonate, internal salt (Formula XXI)
  • the residue is distilled in a vacuum (boiling point 72°C/0.9 mbar; yield: 41 g).
  • the reaction to form phosphonium salt is carried out by reflux-heating 41 g (0.18 mol) of intermediate product, 44.6 g (0.17 mol) of triphenylphosphine and 32.5 g (0.36 mol) of sodium bicarbonate in 250 ml of acetonitrile for 20 hours.
  • the reaction mixture is filtered, concentrated by evaporation, and the residue is brought to crystallization by stirring with diethyl ether. Yield: 58.5 g (40% of theory, relative to 4-bromobutyric acid) of a white solid.
  • Example 5 Trisodium 3,3-dimethyl-2- ⁇ 7-[3,3-dimethyI-5-sulfonato-l-(2-sulfonatoethyl)- 3H-indolium-2-yl]-4-(4- ⁇ [6-(2,5-dioxo-2,5-dihydro-lH-pyrrol-l- yl)hexyl]carbamoyl ⁇ butyl)hepta-2,4,6-trien-l-yIidene ⁇ -l-(2-sulfonatoethyI)-2,3-dihydro- lH-indole-5-sulfonate, internal salt (Formula XXII)
  • Example 7 Trisodium 3,3-dimethyl-2- ⁇ 7-[3,3-dimethyl-5-sulfonato-l-(2-sulfonatoethyl)- 3H-indolium-2-yl]-4-(6- ⁇ [2-(2,5-dioxo-2,5-dihydro-lH-pyrrol-l- yl)ethyl]carbamoyl ⁇ hexyI)hepta-2,4,6-trien-l-ylidene ⁇ -l-(2-sulfonatoethyI)-2,3-dihydro- lH-indole-5-sulfonate, internal salt (Formula XXIV)
  • Example 4a The production is carried out as described in Example 4a), whereby the intermediate product 6-bromohexanoic acid-fert-butyl ester is reacted as a crude product. 79 g of product (69% of theory) is obtained as a viscous, colorless oil from 50 g of 6-bromohexanoic acid.
  • Example 7a The production is carried out as described in Example 4b). 7.5 g of 7-pyridin-4-yl- heptanoic acid-t-butyl ester (65% of theory) is obtained as a yellow oil from 25 g (48.7 mmol) of (3-tert-butoxycarbonyl-pentyl)-triphenyl-phosphonium bromide (Example 7a).
  • Example Id The synthesis is carried out analogously to Example Id) from the title compound of Example 7c) (3 mmol) and l-(2-sulfonatoethyl)-2,3,3-trimethyl-3H-indolenine-5-sulfonic acid (6 mmol). Yield: 1.5 g (54% of theory) of a blue lyophilizate.
  • Example 8 Trisodium 3,3-dimethyl-2- ⁇ 7-[3,3-dimethyl-5-sulfonato-l-(2-suIfonatoethyl)- 3H-indoIium-2-yl]-4-(6- ⁇ [6-(2,5-dioxo-2,5-dihydro-lH-pyrroI-l- yl)hexyl]carbamoyl ⁇ hexyl)hepta-2,4,6-trien-l-ylidene ⁇ -l-(2-sulfonatoethyl)-2,3-dihydro- lH-indole-5-suIfonate, internal salt (Formula XXV)
  • Example Ie The synthesis is carried out analogously to Example Ie) from 0.5 g (0.53 mmol) of the title compound of Example 7d) and 0.44 g (1.06 mmol) of N-(13-amino-4,7,10- trioxatridecyl)maleimide-trifluoroacetate. Yield: 0.24 g of a blue lyophilizate (37% of theory).
  • Example 10 Trisodium 3,3-dimethyl-2- ⁇ 7-[3,3-dimethyl-5-sulfonato-l-(2- sulfonatoethyl)-3H-indolium-2-yl]-4-(5- ⁇ [2-(2,5-dioxo-2,5-dihydro-lH-pyrrol-l- yI)ethyl]carbamoyI ⁇ -3-oxa-pentyI)hepta-2,4,6-trien-l-ylidene ⁇ -l-(2-suIfonatoethyl)-2,3- dihydro-lH-indole-5-sulfonate, internal salt (Formula XXVII)
  • THF is mixed with 10 g of tetrabutylammonium sulfate and 350 ml of 32% sodium hydroxide solution. Then, 123 g (0.68 mol) of bromoacetic acid-fert-butyl ester is added in drops and stirred for 18 hours at room temperature. The organic phase is separated, and the aqueous phase is extracted three times with diethyl ether. The combined organic phases are washed with NaCl solution, dried on sodium sulfate and concentrated by evaporation. After chromatographic purification (silica gel: mobile solvent hexane:ethyl acetate), 56 g of product (41% of theory) is obtained as a brownish oil.
  • Example 11 Trisodium 3,3-dimethyl-2- ⁇ 7-[3,3-dimethyl-5-sulfonato-l-(2- sulfonatoethyl)-3H-indolium-2-yl]-4-(5- ⁇ [6-(2,5-dioxo-2,5-dihydro-lH-pyrrol-l- yI)hexyI]carbamoyl ⁇ -3-oxa-pentyl)hepta-2,4,6-trien-l-ylidene ⁇ -l-(2-sulfonatoethyl)-2,3- dihydro-lH-indole-5-suIfonate, internal salt (Formula XXVIII)
  • Example 12 Trisodium 3,3-dimethyl-2- ⁇ 7-[3,3-dimethyl-5-sulfonato-l-(2- sulfonatoethyl)-3H-indolium-2-yl]-4-(5- ⁇ [13-(2,5-dioxo-2,5-dihydro-lH-pyrrol-l-yl)- 4,7,10-trioxatridecyl]carbamoyl ⁇ -4-oxapentyl)hepta-2,4,6-trien-l-ylidene ⁇ -l-(2- sulfonatoethyl)-2,3-dihydro-lH-indole-5-sulfonate, internal salt (Formula XXIX)
  • Example Ie The synthesis is carried out analogously to Example Ie) from 0.5 g (0.55 mmol) of the title compound of Example 10c) and 0.46 g (1.06 mmol) of N-(13-amino-4,7,10- trioxatridecyl)maleimide-trifluoroacetate. Yield: 0.34 g of a blue lyophilizate (56% of theory).
  • Example 13 Trisodium 3,3-dimethyI-2-[2-(l- ⁇ [3,3-dimethyI-5-suIfonato-l-(2- sulfonatoethyI)-3H-indolium-2-yl]vinyIene ⁇ -2-[4-(2- ⁇ [2-(2,5-dioxo-2,5-dihydro-lH- pyrrol-l- yl)ethyl]carbamoyI ⁇ ethyI)-phenoxy]cyclohex-l-en-3-yliden)ethylidene]-l-(2- suIfonatoethyl)-2,3-dihydro-lH-indole-5-suIfonate, internal salt (Formula XXX)
  • Example 15 Trisodium 3,3-dimethyl-2-[2-(l- ⁇ [3,3-dimethyl-5-sulfonato-l-(2- sulfonatoethyl)-3H-indolium-2-yl]vinylene ⁇ -2-[4-(2- ⁇ [13-(2,5-dioxo-2,5-dihydro-lH- pyrrol-1- yl)-4,7,10-trioxatridecyl]carbamoyl ⁇ ethyl)phenoxy]cyclohex-l-en-3- ylidene)ethylidene]-l-(2-sulfonatoethyl)-2,3-dihydro-lH-indole-5-sulfonate, internal salt (Formula XXXII)
  • Example Ie The synthesis is carried out analogously to Example Ie) from 0.7 g (0.68 mmol) of the title compound of Example 14a) and 0.59 g (1.36 mmol) of N-(13-amino-4,7,10- trioxatridecyl)maleimide-trifluoroacetate. Two chromatographic purifications are carried out. Yield: 0.67 g of a blue lyophilizate (75% of theory) .
  • Example 16 Trisodium 3,3-dimethyl-2-[2-(l- ⁇ [3,3-dimethyl-5-sulfonato-l-(2- suIfonatoethyl)-3H-indolium-2-yl]vmyIene ⁇ -2-[4-(2- ⁇ [2-(2,5-dioxo-2,5-dihydro-lH- pyrrol-1- yl)ethyl] carbamoyl ⁇ ethyl)-phenoxy] S-tert-butyl-cy clohex-l-en-3- yliden)ethylidene]-l-(2-sulfonatoethyl)-2,3-dihydro-lH-mdole-5-sulfonate, internal salt (Formula XXXIII)
  • Example 17 Trisodium 3,3-dimethyl-2- ⁇ 7-[3,3-dimethyl-5-sulfonato-l-(2- sulfonatoethyl)-3H-indolium-2-yl]-4-(5- ⁇ [6-(bromoacetylamino)hexyl]carbamoyl ⁇ -4- oxapentyl)hepta-2,4,6-trien-l-ylidene ⁇ -l-(2-sulfonatoethyl)-2,3-dihydro-lH-indole-5- sulfonate, internal salt (Formula XXXIV)
  • Example IIe The synthesis is carried out analogously to Example Ie) from 0.5 g (0.55 mmol) of the title compound of Example 10c) and 0.15 g (0.70 mmol) of N-boc-hexanediamine (Fluka).
  • the reaction product is purified by chromatography (RP C18-chromatography, gradient: methanol/water) and after freeze-drying, it is stirred in 2 ml of trifluoroacetic acid/8 ml of dichloromethane for 15 minutes while being cooled with ice. After spinning-in in a vacuum, the residue is dissolved in methanol, precipitated with diethyl ether and isolated. Yield: 0.26 g of a blue solid (41% of theory) .
  • Example 18 Trisodium 3,3-dimethyl-2- ⁇ 7-[3,3-dimethyl-5-sulfonato-l-(2- sulfonatoethyI)-3H-mdolium-2-yl]-4-(3- ⁇ [3-(bromoacetyIamino)propyI]carbamoyI ⁇ - ethyl)hepta-2,4,6-trien-l-ylidene ⁇ -l-(2-sulfonatoethyl)-2,3-dihydro-lH-indoIe-5- sulfonate, internal salt (Formula XXXV)
  • Example Id The synthesis is carried out starting from the title compound of Example Id) (0.5 g; 0.56 mmol) and N-boc-propylenediamine analogously to Example 17. Yield over all the stages: 0.22 g (37% of theory).
  • Example 19 Trisodium 3,3-dimethyl-2-[2-(l- ⁇ [3,3-dimethyl-5-sulfonato-l-(2- sulfonatoethyl)-3H-mdolium-2-yI]vinylene ⁇ -2-[4-(2- ⁇ [3- (bromoacetyIamino)propyl]carbamoyl ⁇ ethyl)-phenoxy]cyclohex-l-en-3- ylidene)ethylideneI-l-(2-suIfonatoethyI)-2,3-dihydro-lH-indole-5-suIfonate, internal salt (Formula XXXVI)
  • Example 13b The synthesis is carried out starting from the title compound of Example 13b) (0.5 g; 0.49 mmol) and N-boc-propylenediamine analogously to Example 17. Yield over all stages: 0.31 g (53% of theory).
  • Example 22 Labeling of anti-ED-B-fibronectin scFv antibody AP39 (single chain fragment) with the title compounds of Examples 1-16 AP39 is an scFv with a C-teraiinal cysteine and is present as a covalent S-S-dimer of the molar-mass of about 56,000 g/mol (Curr. Opin. Drug Discov. Devel.. 2002 Mar; 5(2): 204-13). By reduction of the disulfide bridges, two monomers with accessible SH groups are produced (molar mass 28,000 g/mol).
  • the solution is mixed with 0.03 ⁇ mol of the title compounds of Examples 1-16 (stock solutions of 0.5 mg/ml in PBS) and incubated for 30 minutes at 25°C.
  • the conjugate is purified by gel chromatography on an NAP-5 column (eluant: PBS/10% glycerol).
  • the immune reactivity of the conjugate solution is determined by means of affinity chromatography (ED-B-fibronectin resin) (J. Immunol. Meth. 1999, 231, 239).
  • the immune reactivity of the conjugates obtained was >80% (AP39 before the conjugation >95%).
  • Example 23 Labeling of anti-ED-B-fibronectin scFv antibodies AP39 (single chain fragment) with the title compounds of Examples 17-19
  • the solution is mixed with 0.06 ⁇ mol of the title compounds of Examples 17-19 (stock solutions of 0.5 mg/ml in PBS) and incubated for 4 hours at 25 0 C.
  • the conjugate is purified by gel chromatography on an NAP-5 column (eluant: PBS/10% glycerol).
  • the immune reactivity of the conjugate solution is determined by means of affinity chromatography (ED-B -fibronectin resin) (J. Immunol. Meth. 1999, 231, 239).
  • the immune reactivities of the conjugates that were obtained was >75% (AP39 before the conjugation >95%).
  • Example 24 Photophysical properties and immunoreactivity (ELISA) of target-specific conjugates for different dye structures and AP39
  • the immunoreactivity was measured by ELISA and describes the percentage (%) of biomolecules binding to the target (ED-B-fibronectin) relative to non-labeled biomolecule AP39 prior to conjugation with sample dyes of examples 1-19.
  • the results are summarized in Table 2 below.
  • Example 25 Labeling of anti-CD105-antibody (anti-Endoglin IgG) with dye and determination of photophysical properties.
  • the example describes a different bioniolecule type (full-size IgG antibody) directed against the target CD 105 (endoglin).
  • Dye synthesis The dye used for conjugation to the antibody is Trisodium 3,3-dimethyl- 2- ⁇ 7-[3,3-dimethyl-5-sulfonato-l-(2-sulfonatoethyl)-3H-indolium-2-yl]-4-(6-carboxy-4- oxahexyl)hepta-2,4,6-trien-l-ylidene ⁇ -l-(2-sulfonatoethyl)-2,3-dihydro-lH-indole-5- sulfonate, internal salt (Example 10 c).
  • This dye was converted into the corresponding N- hydroxysuccinimidyl ester by reaction in dimethylformaniide with 5 eq. N- hydroxysuccinimid, 4 eq. N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide for 5 h at room temperature. After precipitation with diethylether, the crude dye was directly used for conjugation with anti- CD 105-antibody. Labeling reaction: 1 mL of antibody anti-CD 105 IgG solution (concentration 1 mg/mL) in phosphate-buffered saline (pH 7.4) was treated with 0,17 ⁇ mol of the N- hydroxysuccinimidyl ester described above (stock solution 0,2 mg/mL in dest.
  • Example 26 Imaging of micrometastasis in Capan-1 tumor bearing nude mice
  • Capan-1 tumor cells that were grown subconfluently in culture were trypsinized, centrifuged and resuspended in PBS. After staining with trypan blue and calculation of the cell concentration, the cell suspension was set at a concentration of 3x10 7 AnI. The cell suspension was cooled on ice until it was used. Three female nude mice (NMRI-nude, 24-25 g body weight) were anesthetized, and 30 ⁇ l (1x10 6 cells/animal) of the cell suspension inoculated subcapsularly in the pancreas in each animal after abdominal incision.
  • Each animal received 0.05 ⁇ mol/kg body weight (1.3 mg/kg body weight) of a substance comprising a cyanine dye according to Example 10, i.e. having a structure as depicted in formula XXVII, which had been conjugated to the EB-DF antibody AP39 according to the method of Example 22.
  • This substance was administered intravenously at a time point that a clear tumor growth was palpable (about 12 to 14 weeks post tumor cell implantation).
  • the animals were sacrificed 6 hours after substance administration and the mesenterium containing micrometastasis was imaged ex vivo for fluorescence signals using an intensified CCD camera.
  • the fluorescence of the substance was excited by mesenterium irradiation with near- infrared ligth with 740 nm wavelength, which was produced with a laser diode (0.5 W output).
  • the fluorescence images were stored digitally. Following, the size of micrometastasis were evaluated using a low magnification microscope (Stemi 2000-C, Fa. Carl Zeis). Fluorescence signals were received from micrometastasis in the range of 0.5 to 2.0 mm in diameter and from larger mesenterial metastasis and corresponds with the microscopic evaluation.
  • the effectiveness of the dye conjugates is depicted in Figure 1 based on an example.
  • Example 27 Ex vivo imaging of small endometriotic lesions in nude mice
  • Endometriosis was surgically induced in 4 NMRI nude mice.
  • the mice were anesthetized with an intraperitoneal injection of xylazine/ketamine (volume ration 2:10, 1 ml/kg body weight).
  • the abdomen was opened through a 2-cni midline incision and two samples of human endometriosis tissues (sample size about 1 mm ) were anchored onto the peritoneum on each side of the abdominal cavity. Imaging was performed in all mice 9 days after induction of endometriosis.
  • mice received 0.05 ⁇ mol/kg body weight (1.3 mg/kg b.w.) of a conjugate according to example 20 (AP39 + title compound of example 10 having the structure as depicted in formula XXVII) intravenously.
  • the other two mice received a control conjugate synthesized from BSA and Trisodium 3,3-dimethyl-2- ⁇ 7-[3,3- dimethyl-5-sulfonato-l-(2-sulfonatoethyl)-3-H-indolium-2-yl]-4-(6-carboxy-4-oxahexyl)- hepta-2,4,6-trien-l-ylidene ⁇ -l-(2-sulfonatoethyl)-2,3-dihydro-lH-indole-5-sulfonate, internal salt (Example 10 c).
  • AU animals were sacrificed 24 hours after substance administration and the peritoneum containing endonietriotic lesions were imaged ex vivo for fluorescence signals using an intensified CCD camera.
  • the fluorescence of the substance was excited by peritoneum containing endometriotic lesion irradiation with near-infrared light with 740 nm wavelength, which was produced with a laser diode (0.5 W output).
  • the fluorescence images were stored digitally.
  • a clear fluorescence signal enhancement was observed in endometriotic lesions of both mice treated with a conjugate according to example 20 (AP39 + title compound of example 10 having the structure as depicted in formula XXVII), which was not given in mice treated with the control substance.
  • the size of the fluorescence containing lesions was smaller than 2 mm.
  • the effectiveness of the dye conjugates is depicted in Figure 2 based on a representative example.
  • Example 28 In vivo imaging of spontaneous micro-lesions of the skin in nude mice

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Abstract

This invention relates to the use of conjugates of cyanine dyes with an angiogenesis specific binding component preferably with an EB-D fibronectin specific binding component for the diagnosis of micrometastasis and small proliferative lesions, in particular primary tumors, precancerosis, dysplasia, metaplasia, inflammatory lesions, e.g. psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis and/or rheumatoid arthritis, endometriotic lesions, and ocular diseases associated with angiogenesis.

Description

Use of cyanine dyes for the diagnosis of disease associated with angiogenesis
This invention relates to the use of conjugates of cyanine dyes with an angiogenesis specific binding component preferably with an EB-D fibronectin specific binding component for the diagnosis of micrometastasis and small proliferative lesions, in particular primary tumors, precancerosis, dysplasia, metaplasia, inflammatory lesions, e.g. psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis and/or rheumatoid arthritis, endometriotic lesions, and ocular diseases associated with angiogenesis.
Background of the Invention
The use of light in medical diagnosis has recently gained importance (see, e.g., Biomedical Photonics Handbook (Editor: T. Vo-Dinh), CRC Press). A wide variety of diagnostic processes are under experimental testing for application in various medical disciplines, e.g. endoscopy, mammography, surgery or gynecology. To this end dyes are fed to the tissue as exogenic contrast media for fluorescence diagnosis and imaging, and here in particular fluorescence dyes with an absorption and fluorescence maximum in the spectral range of 700-900 nm (diagnostic window of tissue), have been used for in vivo imaging. Photons of this wavelength are comparatively little absorbed by tissue and can therefore penetrate several centimeters into the tissue before the absorption process (primarily by oxyhemoglobin and deoxyhemoglobin) ends the light transport. Absorption can take place, moreover, by the fluorescence dyes that are introduced into the tissue, but that emit the absorbed energy in the form of longer-wave fluorescence radiation. This fluorescence radiation can be detected spectrally separated and makes possible the localization of dyes and the correlation with molecular structures to which the dye has bonded (see in this respect also Licha, K. (2002) Contrast Agents for Optical Imaging (Review). In: Topics in Current Chemistry - Contrast Agents II (Editor: W. Krause), Volume 222, Springer Heidelberg, pp. 1 - 31.). Fluorescence dyes from the class of cyanine dyes fall into the category of promising representatives and were synthesized in many different structural widths. In particular, carbocyanines with indocarbocyanine, indodicarbocyanine and indotricarbocyanine skeletons have high extinction coefficients and good fluorescence quantum yields (Licha, K. (2002) supra, and the references cited therein).
To achieve a diagnostically significant differentiation between diseased structures and healthy tissue, the dye that is administered must lead to as high a concentration difference between the two tissue types as possible. This can be carried out based on tumor- physiological or morphological properties (blood supply, distribution kinetics, delayed removal, vessel structures) as well as based on molecular properties of the tumor and vessel cell or adjacent tissue. For molecular labeling of disease-specific structures, conjugates that consist of fluorescence dyes with target-affine molecules, such as proteins, peptides, or antibodies, can be used. After injection, a certain portion of these conjugates binds to molecular target structures, such as receptors, cell surface structures or matrix proteins, while the unbonded portion remains diluted or metabolized in the bodily fluids or is excreted from the body. In this way, a higher concentration difference and, thus, a greater image contrast in implementing the fluorescence diagnosis may result (high signal-to-noise ratio). It has been described that many diseases like, for example, tumors (Folkman J. (1974).
Symp. Soc. Dev. Biol. 30:43-52), arthritis (Colville-Nash PR, Scott DL (1992) Ann. Rheum. Dis. 51 :919-25), psoriasis (Folkman J. (1972) J. Invest. Dermatol. 59:40-43), ocular diseases (Adamis AP, et al. (1999) Angiogenesis, 3:9-14) are associated with angiogenesis. The various diseases associated with angiogenesis are reviewed in, for example, Longo R, et al. (2002) Angiogenesis 5:237-56. On the other hand the formation of new blood vessels rarely occurs in healthy tissue with a few exceptions including wound healing and the changes in endometrial tissue during the menstrual cycle or pregnancy. Thus, neoangiogenesis has become both an important therapeutic as well as diagnostic target.
Many molecular structures that are preferentially or exclusively present in or in the vicinity of growing vascular cells have been described (for a review see, for example, Alessi P, et al. (2004) Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 1654:39-49 and Nanda A and St. Croix B (2004) Curr. Opin. Oncol. 16:44-49) including receptors on the endothelial cells like vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGF-R) and matrix proteins like extra domain B (ED-B) fibronectin. The ED-B domain of fibronectin, a sequence of 91 amino acids identical in mouse, rat and human, which is inserted by alternative splicing into the fibronectin molecule, has been shown to specifically accumulate around neo-vascular structures (Castellani et al. (1994). Int. J. Cancer 59:612-618).
A micrometastasis is a cohesive cluster of malignant cells > 0.2 mm and a cluster of malignant cells < 0.2 mm is called sub-micrometastasis (Van der Westhuizen N. (2002) Laboratory Report; Rampaul RS3 et al. (2001) Breast Cancer Res. 3:113-116; Bitterman A., et al. (2002) IMAJ 4:803-809). Micrometastasis which presently can only be detected in vitro with a microscope can be angiogenic or non-angiogenic. Most human tumors including primary tumors and metastasis arise without angiogenic activity and exist in situ as a microscopic lesion of 0.2 to < 2 mm in diameter for months to years, after which a small percentage may switch to the angiogenic phenotype (Folkman J and Becker K (2000) Acad. Radiol. 7:783-785; Folkman J (2001) Angiogenesis. In Braunwald E, et al., Harrison's Textbook of Internal Medicine, 15th Edition, McGraw-Hill, 517-530). At the cellular level at least four mechanisms of the angiogenic switch have been identified in human and mouse tumors: (1) avascular in situ carcinoma can recruit their own blood supply by stimulating neovascularization in an adjacent host vascular bed - the most common process in human tumors, (2) circulating precursor endothelial cells from bone marrow may incorporate into an angiogenic focus, (3) tumors may induce host fibroblast and/or macrophages in the tumor bed to overexpress an angiogenic factor (e.g. , vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)); and (4) preexisting vessels can be coopted by tumor cells. The angiogenic switch may also include combinations of these mechanisms (Folkman J (2001) Angiogenesis. In Braunwald E, et al., Harrison's Textbook of Internal Medicine, 15th Edition, McGraw-Hill, 517-530). It is now widely accepted that the "angiogenic switch" is "off when the effect of pro-angiogenic molecules is balanced by that of anti-angiogenic molecules, and is "on" when the net balance is tipped in favour of angiogenesis. Various signals that trigger this switch have been discovered. Angiogenesis activators are molecular structures as e.g., VEGF family members, VEGFR, NRP-I, Angl, Thie2, PDGF-BB and receptors, TGF-βl, endoglin, TGF-β receptors, FGF, HGF, MCP-I, Integrins (αvβ3, αvβ5, α5βi), VE-cadherin, PECAM (CD31), Ephrins, Plasminogen activators, MMPs, PAI-I, NOS, COX-2, AC133, Chemokins or Idl/Id3. Angiogenesis inhibitors are molecular structures as e.g., VEGFR-I, Ang2, TSP-1,-2, Angiostatin and related plasminogen kringles, Endostatin (collagen XVII fragment), Vasostatin, Platelet factor 4, TIMPs, MMP inhibitors, PEX, Meth-1, Meth-2, IFN-α, -β, -γ, IP-10, IL-4, IL- 12, IL-18, Prolactin (M, 16K), VEGI, Fragment of SPARC, Osteopontin fragment or Maspin (Carmeliet P and Jain RK. (2000) Nature 407:249-257; Yancopoulos GD et al. (2000) Nature 407:242-248; Bergers G. and Benjamin LE (2002) Nature Reviews Cancer 3:401-410; Hendrix MJC et al. (2002) Nature Reviews Cancer 3:411-421).
Ntziachristos V, et al. (2000) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 97:2767-2772 describe diffuse optical tomography of fibroadenoma with indocyanine green enhancement. The resolved tumors are primary tumors with a size in excess of 1 cm. WO 01/23005 Al describes conjugates of ED-B specific antibodies and various dyes, and their use in the delineation of tumor peripheries. No teaching is provided on the spatial resolution that can be obtained with these conjugates.
McDonald D.M and Choyke PX (2003) Nat. Med. 9: 713-25 review advances in imaging of angiogenesis. They discuss how magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computer tomography (CT), positron emission tomography (PET), ultrasonography and optical imaging provide noninvasive methods to obtain images of angiogenesis in animals and humans. They teach that these methods provide their highest resolution on preserved tissue specimen, whereas clinical methods give images of living tissues at much lower resolution and specificity and can not resolve vessels of the microcirculation. It concludes that future challenges include developing new imaging methods that can bridge this resolution gap and specifically identify angiogenic vessels. Presently, no such methods are available.
Detailed Description of the Invention
Given the difficulties in the prior art to image micrometastasis and newly vascularized or vascularizing structures, i.e. structures, which comprise primarily microvasculature or which are in the process of developing a microvasculature, it has been surprisingly found by the present inventors that such structures can be distinguished by light based diagnosis using conjugates of an angiogenesis specific binding component, in particular ED-B fibronectin specific binding components, and cyanine dye(s). This observation opens the use of near infrared fluorescent imaging to new fields of diagnosis, which require the detection of small diseased structures. Therefore, in a first aspect the present invention provides the use of a conjugate of the general formula (I):
B-(D)n
(I), wherein B stands for an angiogenesis specific binding component,
D stands for a cyanine dye, and n is 1 to 5 for the production of a diagnostic for the diagnosis of micrometastasis and small proliferative lesions. The angiogenesis specific binding component binds to structures, which are preferentially or exclusively present in micrometastasis, in or in the vicinity of newly formed microvessels or which are present prior or during growth of microvascular structures. Such molecular structures are reviewed in, for example, WO 96/01653, Alessi P, et al. (2004) and Nanda A and St Croix B. (2004). As pointed out above cells forming a micrometastasis and similarly cells of small proliferative lesions express both angiogenic and antiangiogenic factors, which as long as the angiogenesis inhibitors counteract the effect of the angiogenic factors leads to a suppression of angiogenesis. Once the effect of the angiogenic factors prevail they lead to initiation of angiogenesis. Thus, both structures, i. e. angiogenesis activators and inhibitors, which are involved in the regulation of angiogenesis can be an angiogenesis specific binding component within the meaning of the present invention. Angiogenesis activators include without limitation molecular structures like, e.g. ED-B fibronectin (ED-BF), endoglin (CD105) (Burrows FJ et al. (1995) CHn. Cancer Res.. 1: 1623- 1634), VEGF family members, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGFR), NRP-I, Angl, Thie2, PDGF-BB and receptors, TGF-Bl, TGF-B receptors, FGF, HGF, MCP-I, Integrins (αvβ3, αvβ5, αsβi), VE-cadherin, PECAM (CD31), Ephrins, Plasminogen activators, MMPs, PAI-I, NOS, COX-2, AC 133, chemokines or Idl/Id3. Angiogenesis inhibitors include without limitation molecular structures like, e.g. VEGFR-I, Ang2, TSP-1,-2, Angiostatin and related plasminogen kringles, Endostatin (collagen XVII fragment), Vasostatin, Platelet factor 4, TIMPs, MMP inhibitors, PEX, Meth-1, Meth-2, IFN-α, -β, -γ, IP-IO, IL-4, IL-12, IL-18, Prolactin (M, 16K), VEGI, Fragment of SPARC, Osteopontin fragment or Maspin (Carmeliet P and Jain RK (2000) Nature 407:249-257; Yancopoulos GD et al. (2000) Nature 407:242- 248; Bergers G and Benjamin LE (2002) Nature Reviews Cancer 3:401-410; Hendrix MJC et al. (2002) Nature Reviews Cancer 3:411-421). In a preferred embodiment the angiogenesis specific binding component include ED-BF, VEGFR, or endoglin. Out of those ED-BF is a particular preferred target structure. ED-BF is splice variant of fibronectin also called oncofoetal fibronectin, which is specifically formed in newly grown microvascular structures during angiogenesis.
The component that binds to these structures is preferably a peptide (amino acid chain with two to 50 amino acid residues), a protein (amino acid chains with more than 50 amino acid residues), a nucleic acid, a small molecule, or a sugar.
Preferred proteins or peptides are ligands of receptors, which are preferentially or exclusively expressed in micrometastasis and/or nearly vascularized or vascularizing structures, in particular vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)5 and antibodies, including human, humanized and chimeric antibodies; antibody binding domain comprising fragments, e.g. Fv, Fab, Fab', F(ab')2, Fabc, Facb; single chain antibodies, e.g. single chain Fvs (scFvs); and diabodies.
A large variety of such antibodies has been described in the literature and include for ED-BF L19 and E8 (see Viti F. et al. (1999) Cancer Res. 59:347-352), the BC-I monoclonal antibody described in EP 0 344 134 Bl, which is obtainable from the hybridoma deposited at the European Collection of Animal Cell Cultures, Porton Down, Salisbury, UK under the number 88042101 or a chimeric or humanized version thereof, the antibodies against ED-BF with the specific VL and VH sequences disclosed in WO 97/45544 Al, the antibodies against ED-BF with the specific VL and VH sequences disclosed in WO 99/5857 A2, the antibodies against ED-BF with the specific VL and VH sequences disclosed in WO 01/62800 Al and AP38 and AP39 (Marty C, et al. (2001) Protein Expr. Purif. 21 :156-64). Antibodies specific to ED-BF have been reviewed in Ebbinghaus C, et al. (2004) Curr Pharm Des. 10:1537-49. All these antibodies or antibody binding fragments thereof can be used as angiogenesis specific binding component in a preferred use of the present invention. Particularly preferred antibodies are L19, E8, AP 38 and AP 39 or binding domain comprising fragments thereof.
Antibodies for VEGF-R include Bevacizumab (Avastin™, rhumAb-VEGF developed by Genentech and Roche), the anti- VEGFR-I antibody mAb 6.12, the fully human anti- VEGFR-2 antibodies IMC-2C6 and IMC-1121, the folly human anti-VEGFR-3 mAb HF4- 3C5 (all Imclone Systems Inc.), and KM-2550 (Kyowa Hakko Kogyo Co Ltd), an anti- VEGFR-I antibody (Salgaller ML (2003) Current Opinion in Molecular Therapeutics 5(6):657-667). Antibodies for endoglin include: SN6h, SN6, SN6a, SN6j, P3D1, P4A4, 44G4, GRE, E-9, CLE-4, RMAC8, PN-E2, MAEND3, TEC4, TECIl, Al l, 8El 1. Clone SN6h has been used extensively to study expression of endoglin in different tumor entities by immunohistochemistry (Wikstrδm P. et al. (2002) The Prostate 51:268-275; Li C. et al.
(2003) Br. J. Cancer 88:1424-1431; Saad R.S. et al. (2004) Modern Pathol. 17: 197-203). Of the same SN6 series antibodies SN6, SN6a and SN6j have been described (She X. et al.
(2004) Int. J. Cancer 108:251-257). For the antibody clones P3D1, P4A4, 44G4, GRE, E-9, CLE-4, RMAC8, PN-E2, MAEND3, TEC4, TECI l the binding epitopes of endoglin have been determined (Pichuantes S. et al. (1997) Tissue antigens 50:265-276). For some of these antibodies and antibody clone Al l the differential expression of endoglin has been investigated on normal and tumor tissues of human origin (Duff S. E. et al. (2003) FASEB J. 17:984-992). WO 02/02614 discloses further endoglin specific antibodies, e.g. scFv C4. In one of the last publications on antibodies against CD 105 the clone 8El 1 was investigated for its prediction of metastatic risk in breast cancer patients by immunohistochemistry (Dales J.P. et al. (2004) Br. J. Cancer 90:1216-1221). All these antibodies or antibody binding fragments thereof can be used as angiogenesis specific binding component in a preferred use of the present invention. It is well known in the art that nucleic acids can possess specific binding properties, thus, the angiogenesis specific binding component can also be a nucleic acid. Preferably, such nucleic acids include DNA, RNA, aptamers, and PNA, wherein aptamers are particularly preferred. Methods to identify specifically binding aptamers are well known in the art and are described, for example, in WO 93/24508 Al, WO 94/08050 Al, WO 95/07364 Al, WO 96/27605 Al, and WO 96/34875 Al. The methods disclosed in these documents are hereby specifically referenced and can be used in the identification of angiogenesis specific binding aptamers useable in the present invention. Preferred aptamers employed in the use of the present invention specifically recognize ED-BF, endoglin or VEGFR.
With the advent of high throughput screening of small molecules, i.e. non peptidly, non nucleic acid compounds, of a molecular weight lower than 1.000 g/mol, preferably lower than 500 g/mol, it has been possible to identify small molecules with particular binding properties. Such small molecules can equally be employed as one component of the conjugate usable according to the present invention. A preferred small molecule is 2,2-diphenylethylamine, which has been identified to specifically bind to ED-BF (Scheuermann J. (2002) Isolation of binding molecules to the EDB domain of fibronectin, a marker of angiogenesis. Dissertation submitted to Swiss Federal Inst, of Technology, Zurich).
In a preferred use of the present invention the cyanine dye is selected from the group consisting of carbocyanine, dicarbocyanine, and tricarbocyanine. The synthesis of cyanine dyes useable according to the present invention can be carried out using the methods known in the state of the art and which are exemplified in, e.g. Hamer F.M. The Cyanine Dyes and Related Compounds, John Wiley and Sons, New York 1964; Ernst LA, et al. (1989) Cytometry 10:3-10; Southwick PL, et al., (1990) Cytometry 11:418-430; Lansdorp PM et al., (1991) Cytometry 12:723-730; Mujumdor RB et al., (1993) Bioconjugate Chem. 4:105-11; Mujumdor SR et al., (1996) Bioconjugate Chem. 7:356-62; Flanagan JH et al., (1997) Bioconjugate Chem. 8:751-56; Keil D et al., (1991) Dyes and Pigments 17:19-27; Terpetschnig E and Lakowicz JR (1993) Dyes and Pigments 21:227-34; Terpetschnig E et al., (1994) Anal. Biochem. 217: 197-204; Lindsey JS et al., (1989) Tetrahedron 45:4845-66; Gόrecki T et al., (1996) J. Heterocycl. Chem. 33, 1871-6; Narayanan N and Patonay G (1995) J. Org. Chem. 60:2391-5, 1995; and Terpetschnig E et al., (1993) J. Fluoresc. 3:153-155. Additional processes are described in patent publications US 4,981,977; US 5,688,966; US 5,808,044; EP 0 591 820 Al; WO 97/42976; WO 97/42978; WO 98/22146; WO 98/26077; and EP 0 800 831.
Moreover, indotricarbocyanines with altered substituents were synthesized and coupled to biomolecules (described in, e.g. Becker A et al., Photochem. Photobiol. 72, 234, 2000; Licha K et al., Bioconjugate Chem. 12, 44, 2001; Becker A et al., Nature Biotechnol. 19, 327, 2001; Bugaj JE et al., J. Biomed. Optics 6, 122, 2001;Achilefu S et al., J. Med. Chem. 45, 2003, 2002). Other examples are found in particular in the publications WO 00/61194 ("Short-Chain Peptide Dye Conjugates as Contrast Agents for Optical Diagnostics"), WO 00/71162, WO 01/52746, WO 01/52743 and WO 01/62156. Another process for the production of an indotricarbocyanine dye is a simple access via 4-substituted pyridines. Various 4-substituted pyridines can be converted by means of the Zincke reaction (Zincke-Kδnig reaction, see Rδmpps Chemie Lexikon [Rδmpps Chemical Dictionary], 10th Edition, page 5067) in high yields into meso-subsύtatQd glutaconaldehyde-dianilide, which are precursors to cyanine dyes.
In a particular preferred embodiment of the present invention the cyanine dye has the general formula (II)
(H),
wherein C stands for a radical (III) or (IV)
(HI) (IV), wherein the position that is labeled with the star means the point of linkage with radical
A and can stand for the group (V), (VI), (VII), (VIII) or (IX)
(V) (VI) (VII)
(VIII) (IX)
wherein
R1 and R2, independently of one another, stand for a C rQ-sulfoalkyl chain, e.g. sulfomethyl, sulfoethyl, π-sulfopropyl, wø-sulfopropyl, sulfobutyl, wo-sulfobutyl, sec- sulfobutyl, terf-isobutyl; or a saturated or unsaturated, branched or straight-chain Q-Cso-alkyl chain, e.g. CH3, C2H5, C3H7, C4H9, C5Hn, C6H13, C7Hi5, C8H17, C9Hi9, Ci0H2I, CnH23, C12H23, C13H27, C14H19, C15H31, C16H33, C17H35, C18H37, C19H39, C2oH41, C2iH43, C22H45, C23H47, C24H49, C25H51, C26H53, C27H55, C28H57, C29H59, C30H6I, C31H63, which optionally is substituted by 0 to 15, e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, or 15, oxygen atoms and/or by 0 to 3 carbonyl groups, e.g. 1, 2, or 3, and/or with 0 to 5, e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, hydroxyl groups or is optionally interrupted by 0 to 15, e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, or 15, oxygen atoms and/or by 0 to 3. e.g. 1, 2, or 3, carbonyl groups and/or can be substituted with 0 to 5, e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5, hydroxyl groups; R stands for B or a linker connected to B, wherein the linker is a branched or straight-chain carbohydrate chain with up to 20 carbon residues, in particular methyl, ethyl, propyl, /50-propyl, butyl, wo-butyl, tert-butyl, pentyl, hexyl, pentyl, otyl, nonyl, decyl, undecyl, dodecyl, tridecyl, tetradecyl, pentadecyl, hexadecyl, heptadecyl, octadecyl, nonadecyl, eicosyl, which is substituted with one or more -OH, -COOH, -SO3 groups and/or optionally interrupted one or more times (preferably 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6 times) by -O-, -S-, -CO-, - CS-, -CONH, -NHCO-, NHCSNH-, -SO2-, -PO4 '-, -aryl- and/or -NH- group;
R4 stands for the group -COOE1, -CONE1E2, -NHCOE1, -NHCONHE1, -NE1E2, - OE1, -OSO3E1, -SO3E1, -SO2NHE1 or -E1, wherein E1 and E2, independently of one another, stand for a hydrogen atom, a C1-C4- sulfoalkyl chain, e.g. sulfomethyl, sulfoethyl, π-sulfopropyl, wo-sulfopropyl, sulfobutyl, wø-sulfobutyl, sec-sulfobutyl, tert-isobutyl; a saturated or unsaturated, branched or straight-chain Q-Cso-alkyl chain, e.g. CH3, C2H5, C3H7, C4H9, C5H11, C6H13, C7H15, C8H17, C9H19, C10H21, C11H23, C12H23, C13H27, C14H19, C15H31, C16H33, C17H35, C18H37, C19H39, C20H41, C21H43, C22H45, C23H47, C24H49, C25H51, C26H53, C27H55, C28H57, C29H59, C30H61, C31H63, which optionally is interrupted by 0 to 15 oxygen atoms, e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, or 15, and/or by 0 to 3 carbonyl groups, e.g. 1, 2, or 3, and/or is substituted with 0 to 5 hydroxyl groups, e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5; R5 stands for a hydrogen atom, or a fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine atom, methyl, ethyl, propyl or wo-propyl; b means the number 2 or 3; and
X and Y, independently of one another, stand for O, S, =C(CH3)2 or-(CH=CH)-, as well as pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates of these compounds.
In a further preferred embodiment (i) the cyanine dye usable according to the present invention has the general formula (X)
(X)5
wherein C stands for a radical (XI) or (XII)
(XI) (XII), wherein the position that is labeled with the star means the point of linkage with radical A' and can stand for the group (XIII), (XIV), (XV), (XVI) or (XVII)
(XIII) (XIV) (XV)
(XVI) (XVII),
wherein radical (XV) or (XVII) optionally can be substituted with a Cj to C4-alkyl radical, e.g. methyl, ethyl, propyl, wo-propyl, butyl, /so-butyl, sec-butyl, ført-butyl, wherein
R1 stands for a Ci-Q-sulfoalkyl chain, e.g. sulfomethyl, sulfoethyl, n-sulfopropyl, wø-sulfopropyl, sulfobutyl, /so-sulfobutyl, sec-sulfobutyl, fert-isobutyl; a saturated or unsaturated, branched or straight-chain Ci-C5o-alkyl chain, e.g. CH3, C2H5, C3H7, C4H9, C5H11, C6H13, C7H15, C8H17, C9H1C1, C10H21, C11H23, C12H23, C13H27, C14H19, C15H31, C16H33, C17H35, C1SH37, C19H39, C20H41, C21H43, C22H45, C23H47, C24H49, C25H51, C26H53, C27H55, C28H57, C29H59, C30H61, C31H63, which optionally is substituted by 0 to 15, e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, or 15, oxygen atoms and/or by 0 to 3 carbonyl groups, e.g. 1, 2, or 3, and/or can be substituted with 0 to 5, e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, hydroxyl groups or is optionally interrupted by 0 to 15, e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, or 15, oxygen atoms and/or by 0 to 3. e.g. 1, 2, or 3, carbonyl groups and/or can be substituted with 0 to 5, e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5, hydroxyl groups; or M'-R6 ;
R2 stands for a C1-C4-sulfoalkyl chain, a C1-C4-sulfoalkyl chain, e.g. sulfomethyl, sulfoethyl, wo-sulfopropyl, sulfobutyl, wo-sulfobutyl, søc-sulfobutyl, tert-isobutyl, a saturated or unsaturated, branched or straight-chain d-Cso-alkyl chain, e.g. CH3, C2H5, C3H7, C4H9, C5H11, C6H13, C7H15, C8H17, C9H19, C10H21, C11H23, C12H23, C13H27, C14H19, C15H31, C16H33, C17H35, C18H37, C19H39, C20H41, C21H43, C22H45, C23H47, C24H49, C25H51, C26H53, C27H55, C28H57, C29H59, C30H61, C31H63, which optionally is substituted by 0 to 15, e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, or 15, oxygen atoms and/or by 0 to 3 carbonyl groups, e.g. 1, 2, or 3, and/or can be substituted with 0 to 5, e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, hydroxyl groups or is optionally interrupted by 0 to 15, e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, or 15, oxygen atoms and/or by 0 to 3. e.g. 1, 2, or 3, carbonyl groups and/or can be substituted with 0 to 5, e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5, hydroxyl groups; or M'-R7 ;
R3 , R4 , R6 and R7 , independently of one another, stand for the group -COOE1 , - CONE1 E2', -NHCOE1', -NHCONHE1', -NE1 E2', -OE1', -OSO3E1', -SO3E1', -SO2NHE1' or - E1 , wherein
E1 and E2 , independently of one another, stand for a hydrogen atom, a C1-C4- sulfoalkyl chain, e.g. sulfomethyl, sulfoethyl, wo-sulfopropyl, sulfobutyl, /so-sulfobutyl, sec-sulfobutyl, tert-isobutyl, a saturated or unsaturated, branched or straight-chain C1- C50-alkyl chain, e.g. CH3, C2H5, C3H7, C4H9, C5H11, C6H13, C7H15, C8H17, C9H19, C10H21, C11H23, C12H23, C13H27, C14H19, C15H31, C16H33, C17H35, C18H37, C19H39, C20H41, C21H43, C22H45, C23H47, C24H49, C25Hs1, C26H53, C27H55, C28H57, C29H59, C30H61, C31H63, which optionally is interrupted by 0 to 15 oxygen atoms, e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10,
11, 12, 13, 14, 15 and/or by 0 to 3 carbonyl groups, e.g. 1, 2, 3, and/or is substituted with 0 to 5 hydroxyl groups, e. g. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5; M' stands for CH2-CH2 or CH2-CH2-CH2; R5' stands for -Q'-CH2-R8'; Q' stands for C1 to C5 alkyl, e.g. methyl, ethyl, ^-propyl, /.so-propyl, butyl, wo-butyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl, 1-methylbutyl, 2-methylbutyl, 3-methylbutyl, 1- dimethylpropyl, neopentyl, whereby the C atoms are optionally substituted by O or S; or stands for
R8' stands for -CO-NH-R9'-R10', -NH-CS-NH- R9'-R10' or -NH-CO- R9'-R10', wherein R9 is selected from the group consisting of unbranched C2-C13 alkyl, e.g. ethyl, propyl, butyl pentyl, hexyl hepty octyl, nonyl, decyl, undecyl, dodecyl and tridecyl, in which one or more C atoms, e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4, are optionally replaced by O or S5 and
R10 is B or the residual part of a coupling moiety, which is linked to B, and b' means the number 2 or 3; and
X' and Y', independently of one another, stand for O, S5 =C(CH3)2 , =C(C2H5)2, =C(C3H7)2, =C(/søC3H7)2, =C(C4H9)2, or -(CH=CH)-, as well as pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates of these compounds. In a more preferred embodiment (ii) of the cyanine dyes usable according to the present invention R5', R8', R9', R10', E1', E2', M' and Q' have the meaning as outlined above for embodiment (i) and
A' stands for a radical (XVI) or (XVII), wherein radical (XVII) optionally can be substituted in j?αrα-position with a C1 to C4-alkyl radical, e.g.methyl, ethyl, propyl, iso- propyl, wO-butyl, sec-butyl, or tert-butyl; C stands for a radical (XII);
R1' stands for M-R6'; R2' stands for M-R7';
R3 , R4 , R6 and R7 , independently of one another, stand for SO3H or H, with the proviso that at least three of R3', R4', R6' and R7' are SO3H, and X' and Y', independently of one another, stand for O, S, =C(CH3)2 , =C(C2H5)2,
=C(C3H7)2, or =C(C4H9)2, b' is 3.
In a more preferred embodiment (iii) of the cyanine dyes usable according to the present invention C R1', R2', R3', R4', R5', R6', R7', R8', R9>, R10', E1', E2', X', Y' and b' have the meaning as outlined above for embodiment (i); or R5 , R8 , R9 , R10 , E1 and E2 have the meaning as outlined above for embodiment (i) and C, R1', R2', R3', R4', R6', R7', X', Y' and b' have the meaning as outlined above for embodiment (ii) and A' stands for the radical with the formula (XVI); M' stands for CH2-CH2; and Q' stands for C1 to C5 alkyl, whereby the C atoms are optionally substituted by O or
S.
In a more preferred embodiment (iv) of the cyanine dyes usable according to the present invention A', C, R1', R2', R3', R4', R5', R6', R7' R8', R9', R10', E1', E2', M', X', Y' and b' have the meaning as outlined above for embodiment (i); R5 , R8 , R9 , R10 , E1 , E2' and M' have the meaning as outlined above for embodiment (i) and A', C5 R1', R2', R3>, R4', R6', R7' X', Y' and b' have the meaning as outlined above for embodiment (ii); C R1', R2', R3', R4', R5', R6' R7' R8', R9', R10', E1 ', E2', X', Y' and b' have the meaning as outlined above for embodiment (i) and A' and M' have the meaning as outlined above for embodiment (iii); or R5 , R8', R9', R10 , E1' and E2' have the meaning as outlined above for embodiment (i), C5 R1', R2', R3', R4', R6' R7 , X', Y' and b' have the meaning as outlined above for embodiment (ii) and A' and M' have the meaning as outlined above for embodiment (iii) and
Q' stands for C1-C5 alkyl, e.g. methyl, ethyl, propyl, zso-propyl, butyl, wo-butyl, sec-butyl, fert-butyl, n-pentyl, 1-methylbutyl, 2-methylbutyl, 3-methylbutyl, 1- dimethylpropyl, neopentyl.
In a more preferred embodiment (v) of the cyanine dyes usable according to the present invention C R1', R2', R3', R4', R5', R6', R7', R8', R9', R10', E1', E2', M', X', Y' have the meaning as outlined above for embodiment (i); and R5 , R8 , R9 , R10 , E1 , E2 and M' have the meaning as outlined above for embodiment (i) and C, R1', R2>, R3', R4' R6' R7', X', and Y' have the meaning as outlined above for embodiment (ii) and
A' stands for the radical with the formula (XVII) b' means 3, and
Q' stands for
In a more preferred embodiment (vi) of the cyanine dyes usable according to the present invention A', C, R1', R2', R3', R4', R5', R6>, R7', R9', R10', E1', E2', M', Q', X', Y' have the meaning as outlined above for embodiment (i); R5', R9', R10', E1', E2', M' and Q' have the meaning as outlined above for embodiment (i) and A', C, R1', R2', R3', R4', R6', R7', X', Y' and b have the meaning as outlined above for embodiment (ii); C R1', R2 , R3', R4', R5', R6' R7 , R9 , R10 , E1 , E2 , X', Y' and b' have the meaning as outlined above for embodiment (i) and A', M' and Q' have the meaning as outlined above for embodiment (iii); or R5 , R9 , R10 , E1' and E2' have the meaning as outlined above for embodiment (i), C, R1', R2', R3>, R4' R6' R7 X', Y' and b' have the meaning as outlined above for embodiment (ii) and A', M', Q' and have the meaning as outlined above for embodiment (iii) and R8' stands for CO-B or NH-B.
Especially preferred indotricarbocyanine dyes, which can be used according to the invention are selected from the dyes with formulas (XVIII) to (XXXVI) that are listed in Table 1 below show the structure of the dyes prior to coupling to B and comprise either a maleinimide (maleimide) or bromoacetyl coupling moiety, which facilitates coupling to thiol- group containing angiogenesis specific binding components. In the resulting conjugates the respective coupling moiety will in some embodiments not be present anymore, if it was a leaving group, or only parts of it will remain in the conjugate called residual part of a coupling moiety. It will be apparent to someone of skill in the art that other moieties instead of the maleinimide (maleimide) or bromoacetyl coupling moieties depicted below can be substitued in below structures, including, for example, chloroacetyl, iodoacetyl, chloroacetamido, bromoacetamido, iodoacetamido, chloroalkyl, bromoalkyl, iodoalkyl, pyridyl disulfide and vinyl sulfonamide, to effect coupling reactions to B.
Table 1
Preferred dyes which can be used for coupling to an angiogenesis specific binding component:
The cyanine dyes coupled to B via R5 in the middle of the cyanine dye show a particular good quantum yield and a surprisingly low or even no reduction of the quantum yield once coupled to an angiogenesis specific binding component. Therefore, the use of the cyanine dyes according to embodiments (i) to (vi) and the specific cyanine dyes according to structures (XVIII) to (XXXVI) is in the context of the present invention particularly preferred.
The appropriate method for coupling the respective cyanine dye and the respective angiogenesis specific binding component primarily depends on the chemical nature of the angiogenesis specific binding component. A large variety of residues or groups are known in the art, which are naturally present or can be introduced into the various angiogenesis specific binding components, e.g. -NH2, -COOH, -SH, -OH etc.. These groups can then form covalent bonds with groups attached to the cyanine dyes, which show a good reactivity, towards the other group resulting in the coupling of the two components. Of course it is also possible to inverse the order, i.e. attach the reactable group to the cyanine dye and the reactive group to the angiogenesis specific binding component. Based on this teaching the skilled person is able to choose appropriate reactive and reactable groups for each respective pair of a cyanine dye and an angiogenesis specific binding component.
Many proteins or peptides comprise thiol-groups, e.g. of cysteine residues, or can be modified to comprise thiol groups. Therefore, if the conjugate used in the present invention comprises a peptide or protein and (a) cyanine dye(s) it is preferred that the cyanine dyes mentioned above comprise prior to coupling to the protein or peptide a thiol group-reactive coupling moiety. Thiol group-reactive functionalities are well known in the art and comprise, e.g. maleinimide (maleimide), chloroacetyl, bromoacetyl, iodoacetyl, chloroacetamido, bromoacetamido, iodoacetamido, chloroalkyl, bromoalkyl, iodoalkyl, pyridyl disulfide and vinyl sulfonamide. Thus, in a preferred embodiment R3 or R10 in above embodiments represented such a coupling moiety prior to linkage to B. If R3 is a linker connected to B the linker comprises such coupling moiety prior to coupling.
For some coupling moieties, which are not entirely replaced during the coupling reaction, e.g. which are not a leaving group in the coupling reaction, a part of the coupling moiety may remain attached to R3, to the linker or to R10 . This part, which may remain at the junction of the cyanine dye and the angiogenesis specific binding component is referred to as "residual part of the coupling moiety".
The pharmaceutically acceptable salt may be any as long as it forms a non-toxic salt with the cyanine compounds outlined above. Examples include alkali metal salts such as sodium salts, potassium salts; salts of alkaline earth metals such as magnesium salts, calcium salts and the like organic ammonium salts such as triethyl ammonium salts, tributyl ammonium salts, pyridinium salts and the like, salts of amino acids such as lysine, arginine and the like. Preferred salts are sodium salts.
Small proliferative lesions are in a preferred embodiment primary tumors; precancerosis; dysplasias; metaplasias; inflammatory lesions due to e.g. autoimmune diseases, e.g. psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis or infections; endometriosis; micro- lesions, preferably of the skin and/or ocular diseases associated with angiogenesis. In a preferred use of the present invention the conjugate(s) is (are) used for in vivo diagnosis of the above indicated diseases and/or micrometastasis.
The use of the present invention can be for routine diagnosis, i.e. for screening for the respectively indicated diseases. However, in a preferred embodiment the conjugates are used once a disease has been diagnosed with, for example, a standard x-ray procedure, e.g. mammography, a whole body scans or MRI. The patient is then examined for further micrometastasis and/or small (additional) primary tumor(s). Such an examination can occur for a better assessment of the severity, e.g. stage of a disease, in order to determine the best treatment options and/or prior, during and/or after a treatment procedure (e.g., drugs, radiation or surgery). If performed prior to a treatment procedure the use of the diagnostic of the present invention allows the determination whether, e.g. micrometastases have already formed in the vicinity of the primary tumor and, thus, whether a lumpectomy or rather a mastectomy is indicated as an example in breast cancer. After treatment the use of the diagnostic of the present invention allows to assess the success of the treatment procedure and to determine subsequent treatment regimens, e.g. radiation or chemotherapy. When used during a surgical procedure it is, for example, possible to detect micrometastasis in tissue, e.g. lymph nodes, surrounding the primary tumor. In this embodiment the use of the present invention allows a more complete removal of tumors or micrometastasis during the procedure.
The use according to the present invention allows the detection of events preceding the onset of angiogenesis, the onset of angiogenesis or angiogenesis, i.e. already formed microvasculature, even when it occurs in very small tissue structures. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention the micrometastasis and/or the small proliferative lesions, in particular the micrometastasis, the precancerosis, the dysplasia, the metaplasia, endometriosis and/or the primary tumor(s), which are detected with the present invention has (have) a diameter of less than 10 mm, preferably of less than 8 mm, more preferably of less than 6 mm, more preferably of less than 5 mm, more preferably of less than 4 mm, more preferably of less than 3 mm, more preferably of less than 2 mm and most preferably of less than 1 mm. A particular preferred range of the micrometastasis and/or the small proliferative lesions, in particular the micrometastasis, the precancerosis, the dysplasia, the metaplasia, the inflammatory lesion, the endometriosis and/or the primary tumor(s), detectable according to the use of the present invention are between about 10 mm to about 0.1 mm, more preferably between about 10 mm to about 0.2 mm, more preferably between about 8 mm to about 0.1 mm, more preferably between about 8 mm to about 0.2 mm, more preferably between about 6 mm to about 0.1 mm, more preferably between about 6 mm to about 0.2 mm, more preferably between about 5 mm and 0.1 mm, more preferably between about 5 mm to about 0.2 mm, more preferably between about 4 mm and 0.1 mm, more preferably between about 4 mm to about 0.2 mm, more preferably between about 3 mm and 0.1 mm, more preferably between about 3 mm to about 0.2 mm and most preferably between about 2 mm to about 0.2 mm.
Preferably the micrometastasis, which is detected according to the use of the present invention is an iatrogenic micrometastasis, a hematogenous micrometastasis, a cavitary micrometastasis, an intraluminal micrometastasis, a lymphatic micrometastasis, a local micrometastasis, and/or a regional micrometastasis. The micrometastasis diagnosed preferably originates from a primary tumor including but not limited to malignomas (e.g., carcinomas, sarcomas) of the gastrointestinal or colorectal tract, liver, pancreas, kidney, bladder, prostate, endometrium, ovary, testes, melanoma, dysplastic oral mucosa, invasive oral cancers, small cell and non-small cell lung carcinomas; mammary tumors, e.g. a hormone-dependent breast cancers, hormone independent breast cancers; transitional and squamous cell cancers; neurological malignancies including neuroblastoma, gliomas, astrocytomas, osteosarcomas; soft tissue sarcomas; hemangioamas and endocrinological tumors. The small primary tumor detectable according to the use of the present invention preferably is one of the above indicated tumors. In a particular preferred embodiment the small primary tumor or the micrometastasis is a mammary tumor, in particular a hormone-dependent breast cancer or hormone independent breast cancer.
The precancerosis, which is detectable according to the use of the present invention is preferably selected from the group consisting of precancerosis of the skin, in particular actinic keratosis, cutaneaous horn, actinic cheilitis, tar keratosis, arsenic keratosis, x-ray keratosis, Bowen's disease, bowenoid papulosis, lentigo maligna, lichen sclerosus, and lichen rubber mucosae; precancerosis of the digestive tract, in particular erythroplakia, leukoplakia, Barrett's esophagus, Plummer- Vinson syndrome, crural ulcer, gastropathia hypertrophica gigantea, borderline carcinoma, neoplastic intestinal polyp, rectal polyp, porcelain gallbladder; gynaecological precancerosis, in particular carcinoma ductale in situ (CDIS), cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), leukoplakia, endometrial hyperplasia (grade III), vulvar dystrophy, vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN), hydatidiform mole; urologic precancerosis, in particular bladder papillomatosis, Queyrat's erythroplasia, testicular intraepithelial neoplasia (TIN), leukoplakia; carcinoma in situ (CIS); precancerosis caused by chronic inflammation, in particular pyoderma, osteomyelitis, acne conglobata, lupus vulgaris, and fistula.
Dysplasia is frequently a forerunner of cancer, and is found mainly in the epithelia; it is the most disorderly form of non-neoplastic cell growth, involving a loss in individual cell uniformity and in the architectural orientation of cells. Dysplastic cells often have abnormally large, deeply stained nuclei, and exhibit pleomorphism. Dysplasia characteristically occurs where there exist chronic irritation or inflammation. Dysplastic disorders which can be diagnosed according to the present invention include, but are not limited to, anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia, anterofacial dysplasia, asphyxiating thoracic dysplasia, atriodigital dysplasia, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, cerebral dysplasia, cervical dysplasia, chondroectodermal dysplasia, cleidocranial dysplasia, congenital ectodermal dysplasia, craniodiaphysial dysplasia, craniocarpotarsal dysplasia, craniometaphysial dysplasia, dentin dysplasia, diaphysial dysplasia, ectodermal dysplasia, enamel dysplasia, encephalo- ophthalmic dysplasia, dysplasia epiphysialis heminelia, dysplasia epiphysialis multiplex, dysplasia epiphysalis punctata, epithelial dysplasia, faciodigitogenital dysplasia, familial fibrous dysplasia of jaws, familial white folded dysplasia, fibromuscular dysplasia, fibrous dysplasia of bone, florid osseous dysplasia, hereditary renal-retinal dysplasia hidrotic ectodermal dysplasia, hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia, lymphopenic thymic dysplasia, mammary dysplasia, mandibulofacial dysplasia, metaphysical dysplasia, Mondini dysplasia, monostotic fibrous dysplasia, mucoepithelial dysplasia, multiple epiphysial dysplasia, oculoauriculovertebral dysplasia, oculodentodigital dysplasia, oculovertebral dysplasia, odontogenic dysplasia, ophthalmomandibulonielic dysplasia, periapical cemental dysplasia, polyostotic fibrous dysplasia, pseudoachondroplastic spondyloepiphysial dysplasia, retinal dysplasia, septo-optic dysplasia, spondyloepiphysial dysplasia, and ventriculoradial dysplasia.
Metaplasia is a form of controlled cell growth in which one type of adult or fully differentiated cell substitutes for another type of adult cell. Metaplastic disorders, which are detectable according to the use of the present invention are preferably selected from the group consisting of agnogenic myeloid metaplasia, apocrine metaplasia, atypical metaplasia, autoparenchymatous metaplasia, connective tissue metaplasia, epithelial metaplasia, intestinal metaplasia, metaplastic anemia, metaplastic ossification, metaplastic polyps, myeloid metaplasia, primary myeloid metaplasia, secondary myeloid metaplasia, squamous metaplasia, squamous metaplasia of amnion, symptomatic myeloid metaplasia and regenerative metaplasia.
The ocular disease, which is detectable according to the use of the present invention is preferably selected from the group consisting of trachoma, retinopathy of prematurity, diabetic retinopathy, neovascular glaucoma and age-related macular degeneration.
Inflammatory lesions are characterised by a number of pathological processes including without limitation infiltration of immune cells, in particular T cells and mast cells, release of cytokines and proliferation of cells. For example, in psoriasis it has been shown that keratinocytes in an attempt to escape the destruction by immune cells start to proliferate, a process which is accompanied by neoangiogenesis. Without wishing to be bound by any theory the present inventors believe that this neoangiogenesis allows the detection of such small lesions using the present invention. Inflammatory lesions detectable according to the present invention can be in response to a number of stimuli or diseases, including autoimmune diseases, which are often characterized by the formation of inflammatory lesions, infection, mechanical stimulation etc. The ability to detect such small inflammatory lesions can be used on one hand to more accurately delineate the affected areas, if manifest inflammation is detectable or on the other hand to allow earlier diagnosis of the development of an inflammatory disease in a stadium, wherein the classical symptoms of the respective disease, e.g. reddening and scaling for psoriasis or joint pain and/or deformation of limbs for arthritis are not yet detectable. Small inflammatory lesions which can be diagnosed with the use of the present invention are preferably those occurring in diseases or conditions selected from the group consisting of rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, septic shock osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, neuropathic pain, viral infection, e.g. viral myocarditis, bacterial infection insulin-dependent diabetes, non-insulin dependent diabetes, periodontal disease, restenosis, alopecia areta, psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, acute pancreatitis, allograft rejection, allergies, allergic inflammation in the lung, atherosclerosis, mutiple sclerosis, cachexia, alzheimer's disease, stroke, Crohn's disease, inflammatory bowel disease, ischemia, congestive heart failure, pulmonary fibrosis, hepatitis, glioblastoma, Guillain-Barre Syndrome, and systemic lupus erythematosus.
Endometriosis is a gynecological disease defined by the proliferation of endometrial tissue outside the uterine cavity. Proliferating endometrial cells can distribute through the entire body and endometrial lesions have already been found in the lung and in other organs and in that respect the distribution of endometrial lesions resembles the distribution of micrometastasis. In a preferred embodiment of the use of the present invention the endometric lesions, e.g. endometrial cell clusters, which are detected are hematogenous cell clusters, cavitary cell clusters, intraluminal cell clusters, lymphatic cell clusters, local cell clusters and/or regional cell clusters. Because of the sensitivity of the method of the present invention it is possible to detect endometric lesions much smaller than those detected in the prior. The endometric lesions, which are detected with the present invention has (have) a diameter of less than 10 mm, preferably of less than 8 mm, more preferably of less than 6 mm, more preferably of less than 5 mm, more preferably of less than 4 mm, more preferably of less than 3 mm, more preferably of less than 2 mm and most preferably of less than 1 mm. A particular preferred range of the endometric lesion detectable according to the use of the present invention are between about 10 mm to about 0.2 mm, more preferably between about 8 mm to about 0.2 mm, more preferably between about 6 mm to about 0.2 mm, more preferably between about 5 mm to about 0.2 mm, more preferably between about 4 mm to about 0.2 mm, more preferably between about 3 mm to about 0.2 mm and most preferably between about 2 mm to about 0.2 mm. The dose of the conjugate is not particularly limited insofar as the dose enables detection of the site to be ultimately diagnosed. It is appropriately adjusted depending on the kind of compound to be used, age, body weight and target organ or tissue and the like. Typically the dose is between 0.002 to 100 mg/kg body weight, preferably between 0.005 to 10 mg/kg body weight, more preferably between 0.01 to 2 mg/kg body weight, and most preferably between 0.02 to 1 mg/kg body weight.
The fluorescence imaging method of the present invention is practised following known methods, and each parameter, such as excitation wavelength and fluorescence wavelength to be detected, can appropriately be determined for each conjugate to be administered, to achieve optimal imaging and resolution. The time spend from administration of the conjugates to the determination by the fluorescence imaging method varies depending on the conjugate and the administration target. For example, when the conjugate is used for tumor imaging the lapse time typically will be in the range of about 2 to 120 hours after administration and preferably between about 2 to about 1O h after administration. When the lapse time is too short the fluorescence is so intense that angiogenic and non-angiogenic tissues can not be clearly differentiated (low signal-to-noise ratio). Devices for the fluorescence imaging method are well known in the art and are describe in, for example, EP 0 868 143, EP 1 146 811 Al, EP 1 408 824 A2, EP 1 409 995 Al, and EP 1 410 330 A2. As has been outlined above the present invention can also be used in connection with surgical procedures and, therefore, the detection of the fluorescence can be carried out using surgical microscopes, microscopes, magnifying glasses and the like. Such devices can be employed both in a variety of surgical procedures including open and endoscopic procedures. It is also possible to use the invention in connection with devices and procedures, which are commonly used for routine screening for cancers, e.g. colonoscopy and gastroscopy.
Brief Description of the Figure
Fig. 1: The effectiveness of the dye conjugate in mesenterial Capan-1 micrometastasis 6 h after substance administration. The upper panel A depicts the original image, while the lower panel B depicts the inverted image. White and black dots or areas, respectively, show micrometastasis. Both images include a ruler indicating a cm size scale.
Fig. 2: Example of ex vivo imaging of experimental endometriotic lesion 24 h after substance administration. Panel A shows the original image and Panel B shows the inverted image. Both images include a ruler indicating a cm size scale.
Fig. 3: Example of in vivo imaging of spontaneous micro-lesions of the skin 6 h after substance administration. Panel A shows the original image and Panel B shows the inverted image. Both images include a ruler indicating a cm size scale. Examples
Examples 1 -16: Synthesis of Indotricarbocyanine Dyes with Maleimide Groups
Example 1: Trisodium 3,3-dimethyl-2-{7-[3,3-dimethyl-5-sulfonato-l-(2-sulfonatoethyl)- 3H-indolium-2-yl]-4-(2-{[2-(2,5-dioxo-2,5-dihydro-lH-pyrrol-l-yl)ethyl]carbamoyl}- ethyl)hepta-2,4,6-trien-l-ylidene}-l-(2-suIfonatoethyl)-2,3-dihydro-lH-indoIe-5- sulfonate, internal salt (Formula XVIII)
a) l-(2-Sulfonatoethyl)-2,3,3-trimethyl-3H-indolenine-5-sulfonic acid, internal salt 1O g (0.04 mol) of 2,3,3-trimethyl-3H-indolenine-5-sulfbnic acid (Bioconjugate Chem 1993, 4, 105), 6.8 g (0.04 mol) of 2-chloroethanesulfonic acid chloride and 4.2 g (0.04 mol) of triethylamine are refluxed in 200 ml of acetonitrile for 6 hours. The precipitate is suctioned off and dried. Yield 5.0 g (35% of theory). Anal Biochem 1994, 217, 197
b) 3-Pyridin-4-yl-propionic acid-fert-butyl ester
20 g (89 mmol) of t-butyl-P,P-dimethylphosphonoacetate in 50 ml of THF is added in drops at O0C to a suspension of 3.9 g (98 mmol) of sodium hydride (60 % in mineral oil) in 250 ml of THF. After 1 hour of stirring at 00C, a solution of 10 g (93 mmol) of pyridine-4- carbaldehyde in 50 ml of tetrahydrofuran is added in drops, and the reaction mixture is stirred for 1 hour at O0C and for 18 hours at room temperature. The precipitated solid is removed by filtration, and the solution is concentrated by evaporation. The residue is dissolved in isopropanol while being heated, non-soluble portions are filtered off, and the solution is cooled to 0°C for crystallization. The solid that is produced is filtered off, stirred with hexane, filtered and dried. The intermediate product (15.3 g) is hydrogenated in 150 ml of ethanol with 0.15 g of 10% palladium/activated carbon for 6 hours. The catalyst is filtered off, the solution is concentrated by evaporation, and the residue is filtered on silica gel (mobile solvent diethyl ether). 13.0 g of a light yellow oil (71% of theory) is obtained.
c) 3 - [2-(terM3utyloxycarbonyl)ethyl] glutaconaldehyde-dianilide-hy drobromide
A solution of 10 g (48 mmol) of 3-pyridin-4-yl-propionic acid-ført-butyl ester in 150 ml of diethyl ether is mixed with 8.9 g (96 mmol) of aniline and then mixed at 00C with a solution of 5.4 g (48 mmol) of bromocyanogen in 2 ml of diethyl ether. After 3 hours of stirring at O0C, the red solid that is produced is filtered off, washed with ether and vacuum- dried. Yield: 20.3 g (92% of theory)
d) Trisodium 3,3-dimethyl-2-{7-[3,3-dimethyl-5-sulfonato-l-(2-sulfonatoethyl)-3H- indolium-2-yl] -4-(2-carboxyethyl) hepta-2,4,6-trien- 1 -ylidene } - 1 -(2-sulfonatoethyl)-2,3 - dihydro-lH-indole-5-sulfonate, internal salt A suspension of 1.0 g (2.2 mmol) of 3-[2-(tert-butyloxycarbonyl)ethyl]- glutaconaldehyde-dianilide-hydrobromide (Example Ic)) and 1.5 g (4.4 mmol) of l-(2- sulfonatoethyl)-2,3,3-trimethyl-3H-indolenine-5-sulfonic acid (Example Ia)) in 20 ml of acetic acid anhydride and 5 ml of acetic acid is mixed with 0.75 g (9.1 mmol) of sodium acetate and stirred for 1 hour at 12O0C. After cooling, it is mixed with diethyl ether, the precipitated solid is filtered off and purified by chromatography (RP-C 18-silica gel, mobile solvent water/methanol) and the product is freeze-dried (0.5 g). The cleavage of the protective group is carried out by stirring the intermediate product in 4 ml of dichloromethane/1 ml of trifluoroacetic acid for 1 hour. After concentration by evaporation and chromatographic purification (RP-Cl 8-silica gel, mobile solvent water/methanol), 0.45 g (23% of theory) of a blue lyophilizate is obtained.
e) Trisodium 3,3-dimethyl-2-{7-[3,3-dimethyl-5-sulfonato-l-(2-sulfonatoethyl)-3H- indolium-2-yl]-4-(2-{[2-(2,5-dioxo-2,5-dihydro-lH-pyrrol-l-yl)ethyl]carbamoyl}ethyl)hepta- 2,4,6-trien-l-ylidene}-l-(2-sulfonatoethyl)-2,3-dihydro-lH-indole-5-sulfonate, internal salt 0.4 g (0.45 mmol) of the title compound of Example Id) and 45 mg (0.45 mmol) of triethylamine are dissolved in 10 ml of dimethylformamide, mixed at 00C with 0.15 g (0.45 mmol) of TBTU and stirred for 10 minutes. Then, a solution of 0.17 g (0.68 mmol) of N-(2- aminoethyl)maleimide-trifluoroacetate (Int J Pept Protein Res 1992, 40, 445) and 68 mg (0.68 mmol) of triethylamine in 0.5 ml of dimethylformamide is added, and it is stirred for 1 hour at room temperature. After 10 ml of diethyl ether is added, the solid is centrifuged off, dried and purified by means of chromatography (RP C- 18 silica gel, gradient methanol/water) .
Yield: 0.30 g of a blue lyophilizate (65% of theory).
Elementary analysis: CId.: C 47.24 H 4.26 N 5.51 S 12.61 Na 6.78
Fnd.: C 47.74 H 4.47 N 5.40 S 11.99 Na 7.02
Example 2: Trisodium 3,3-dimethyl-2-{7-[3,3-dimethyl-5-sulfonato-l-(2- sulfonatoethyl)-3H-indoIium-2-yI]-4-(2-{[6-(2,5-dioxo-2,5-dihydro-lH-pyrrol-l- yI)hexyl]carbamoyI}ethyl)hepta-2,4,6-trien-l-ylidene}-l-(2-sulfonatoethyl)-2,3-dihydro- lH-indole-5-sulfonate, internal salt (Formula XIX)
The synthesis is carried out analogously to Example Ie) from 0.4 g (0.45 mmol) of the title compound of Example Id) and 0.21 g (0.68 mmol) of N-(6-aminohexyi)maleimide- trifluoroacetate (Int J Pept Protein Res 1992, 40, 445). Yield: 0.38 g of a blue lyophilizate (81% of theory).
Elementary analysis: CId.: C 49.25 H 4.79 N 5.22 S 11.95 Na 6.43
Fnd.: C 48.96 H 4.92 N 5.32 S 11.88 Na 6.56
Example 3: Trisodium 3,3-dimethyl-2-{7-[3,3-dimethyl-5-sulfonato-l-(2-sulfonatoethyl)- 3H-indolium-2-yl]-4-(2-{[13-(2,5-dioxo-2,5-dihydro-lH-pyrrol-l-yl)-4,7,10- trioxatridecyl]carbamoyl}ethyl)hepta-2,4,6-trien-l-ylidene}-l-(2-sulfonatoethyl)-2,3- dihydro-lH-indole-5-sulfonate, internal salt (Formula XX)
The synthesis is carried out analogously to Example Ie) from 0.4 g (0.45 mmol) of the title compound of Example Id) and 0.28 g (0.68 mmol) of N-(13-amino-4,7,10- trioxatridecyl)maleimide-trifluoroacetate (Int J Pept Protein Res 1992, 40, 445). Yield: 0.27 g of a blue lyophilizate (51 % of theory).
Elementary analysis: CId.: C 48.97 H 5.05 N 4.76 S 10.89 Na 5.86
Fnd.: C 49.22 H 5.16 N 4.62 S 10.67 Na 5.66
Example 4: Trisodium 3,3-dimethyl-2-{7-[3,3-dimethyl-5-suIfonato-l-(2-sulfonatoethyl)- 3H-mdolium-2-yl]-4-(4-{[2-(2,5-dioxo-2,5-dihydro-lH-pyrrol-l-yl)ethyl]carbamoyl}- butyl)hepta-2,4,6-trien-l-ylidene}-l-(2-sulfonatoethyl)-2,3-dihydro-lH-indole-5- sulfonate, internal salt (Formula XXI)
a) (3 -tert-Butoxycarbonyl-propy^-triphenyl-phosphonium bromide
50 g (0.30 mol) of 4-bromobutyric acid is mixed drop by drop in 400 ml of THF at - 4O0C with 187 g (0.89 mol) of trifluoroacetic acid anhydride. After 30 minutes of stirring at - 40°C, 400 ml of tert-butanol/30 ml of THF is added in drops within 1 hour. After 16 hours of stirring at room temperature, the reaction mixture is poured onto an ice-cooled sodium carbonate solution, the aqueous phase is extracted three times with diethyl ether, and the organic phases are dried on sodium sulfate and concentrated by evaporation. The residue is distilled in a vacuum (boiling point 72°C/0.9 mbar; yield: 41 g). The reaction to form phosphonium salt is carried out by reflux-heating 41 g (0.18 mol) of intermediate product, 44.6 g (0.17 mol) of triphenylphosphine and 32.5 g (0.36 mol) of sodium bicarbonate in 250 ml of acetonitrile for 20 hours. The reaction mixture is filtered, concentrated by evaporation, and the residue is brought to crystallization by stirring with diethyl ether. Yield: 58.5 g (40% of theory, relative to 4-bromobutyric acid) of a white solid.
b) 5-Pyridin-4-yl-pentanoic acid-t-butyl ester
A solution of 14 g (28 mmol) of (3-tert-butoxycarbonyl-propyl)-triphenyl-phosphonium bromide (Example 4a)) in 100 ml of anhydrous THF is mixed at -40°C in an air-free environment within 20 minutes with 17.5 ml (28 mmol) of butyllithium (1.6 M in hexane) and stirred for 1 hour at -40°C. A solution of 2.78 g (26 mmol) of 4-pyridinecarbaldehyde in 20 ml of THF is added in drops and stirred for 16 hours at room temperature, then poured onto ice water, the aqueous phase is extracted three times with diethyl ether, and the organic phases are dried on sodium sulfate and concentrated by evaporation. After chromatographic purification (silica gel, mobile solvent hexane/ethyl acetate), the product is obtained as an E,Z-mixture (4:1 after 1H-NMR; 5.0 g). To hydrogenate the double bond, the intermediate product is dissolved in 200 ml of methanol and stirred with 100 mg of PtO2 catalyst at room temperature over hydrogen. After filtration and concentration by evaporation, a yellow oil is obtained. Yield: 4.9 g (74% of theory).
c) 3 - [4-(tert-Butyloxy carbonyl)butyl] glutaconaldehyde-dianilide-hydrobromide A solution of 4.0 g (17 mmol) of 5-pyridin-4-yl-pentanoic acid-t-butylester in 35 ml of diethyl ether is mixed with 3.2 g (34 mmol) of aniline and then at 00C with a solution of 1.9 g (17 mmol) of bromocyanogen in 8 ml of diethyl ether. After 3 hours of stirring at O0C, the red solid that is produced is filtered off, washed with ether and vacuum-dried. Yield: 7.8 g (95% of theory).
d) Trisodium 3,3-dimethyl-2-{7-[3,3-dimethyl-5-sulfonato-l-(2-sulfonatoethyl)-3H- indolium-2-yl] -4-(4-carboxybutyl)hepta-2,4,6-trien- 1 -ylidene} - 1 -(2-sulfonatoethyl)-2,3 - dihydro-lH-indole-5 -sulfonate, internal salt The synthesis is carried out analogously to Example Id) from the title compound of Example 4c) (2.5 mmol) and l-(2-sulfonatoethyl)-2,353-trimethyl-3H-indolenine-5-sulfonic acid (5 mmol). Yield: 0.85 g (37% of theory) of a blue lyophilizate.
e) Trisodium 3,3-dimethyl-2-{7-[3,3-dimethyl-5-sulfonato-l-(2-sulfonatoethyl)-3H- indolium-2-yl]-4-(4- { [2-(2,5-dioxo-2,5-dihydro- lH-pyrrol- 1 -yl)ethyi] carbamoyl} - butyl)hepta-2,4,6-trien- 1 -ylidene} - 1 -(2-sulfonatoethyl)-2,3-dihydro- lH-indole-5-sulfonate, internal salt
The synthesis is carried out analogously to Example Ie) from 0.4 g (0.43 mmol) of the title compound of Example 4d). Yield: 0.31 g (69% of theory) of a blue lyophilizate. Elementary analysis: CId.: C 48.27 H 4.53 N 5.36 S 12.27 Na 6.60
Fnd.: C 48.01 H 4.44 N 5.56 S 12.10 Na 6.81
Example 5: Trisodium 3,3-dimethyl-2-{7-[3,3-dimethyI-5-sulfonato-l-(2-sulfonatoethyl)- 3H-indolium-2-yl]-4-(4-{[6-(2,5-dioxo-2,5-dihydro-lH-pyrrol-l- yl)hexyl]carbamoyl}butyl)hepta-2,4,6-trien-l-yIidene}-l-(2-sulfonatoethyI)-2,3-dihydro- lH-indole-5-sulfonate, internal salt (Formula XXII)
The synthesis is carried out analogously to Example Ie) from 0.4 g (0.43 mmol) of the title compound of Example 4d) and 0.20 g (0.66 mmol) of N-(6-aminohexyl)maleimide- trifluoroacetate. Yield: 0.35 g of a blue lyophilizate (74% of theory).
Elementary analysis: CId.: C 50.17 H 5.03 N 5.09 S 11.65 Na 6.26 Fnd.: C 49.83 H 4.89 N 5.34 S 12.05 Na 6.42 Example 6: Trisodium 3,3-dimethyl-2-{7-[3,3-dimethyl-5-sulfonato-l-(2-sulfonatoethyl)- 3H-indolium-2-yl]-4-(4-{[13-(2,5-dioxo-2,5-dihydro-lH-pyrrol-l-yl)-4,7,10- trioxatridecyl]carbamoyl}butyl)hepta-2,4,6-trien-l-yIidene}-l-(2-sulfonatoethyl)-2,3- dihydro-lH-indoIe-5-sulfonate, internal salt (Formula XXIII)
The synthesis is carried out analogously to Example Ie) from 0.4 g (0.43 mmol) of the title compound of Example Id) and 0.30 g (0.72 mmol) of N-(13-amino-4,7,10- trioxatridecytymaleimide-trifluoracetate. Yield: 0.27 g of a blue lyophilizate (52% of theory). Elementary analysis: CId.: C 49.83 H 5.27 N 4.65 S 10.64 Na 5.72 Fnd.: C 49.45 H 5.19 N 4.66 S 10.85 Na 5.80
Example 7: Trisodium 3,3-dimethyl-2-{7-[3,3-dimethyl-5-sulfonato-l-(2-sulfonatoethyl)- 3H-indolium-2-yl]-4-(6-{[2-(2,5-dioxo-2,5-dihydro-lH-pyrrol-l- yl)ethyl]carbamoyl}hexyI)hepta-2,4,6-trien-l-ylidene}-l-(2-sulfonatoethyI)-2,3-dihydro- lH-indole-5-sulfonate, internal salt (Formula XXIV)
a) (3-fert-Butoxycarbonyl-pentyl)-triphenyl-phosphonium bromide
The production is carried out as described in Example 4a), whereby the intermediate product 6-bromohexanoic acid-fert-butyl ester is reacted as a crude product. 79 g of product (69% of theory) is obtained as a viscous, colorless oil from 50 g of 6-bromohexanoic acid.
b) 7-Pyridin-4-yl-heptanoic acid-t-butyl ester
The production is carried out as described in Example 4b). 7.5 g of 7-pyridin-4-yl- heptanoic acid-t-butyl ester (65% of theory) is obtained as a yellow oil from 25 g (48.7 mmol) of (3-tert-butoxycarbonyl-pentyl)-triphenyl-phosphonium bromide (Example 7a).
c) 3-[6-(tert-Butyloxycarbonyl)hexyl]glutaconaldehyde-dianilide-hydrobromide
A solution of 5.0 g (19 mmol) of 7-pyridin-4-yl-heptanoic acid-t-butyl ester in 30 ml of diethyl ether is mixed with 3.6 g (38 mmol) of aniline and then at O0C with a solution of 2.1 g (19 mmol) of bromocyanogen in 5 ml of diethyl ether. After 2.5 hours of stirring at O0C, the red solid that is produced is filtered off, washed with ether and vacuum-dried. Yield: 8.9 g
(91% of theory).
d) Trisodium 3,3-dimethyl-2-{7-[3,3-dimethyl-5-sulfonato-l-(2-sulfonatoethyl)-3H- indolium-2-yl]-4-(6-carboxyhexyl)hepta-2,4,6-trien-l-ylidene}-l-(2-sulfonatoethyl)-2,3- dihydro-lH-indole-5 -sulfonate, internal salt
The synthesis is carried out analogously to Example Id) from the title compound of Example 7c) (3 mmol) and l-(2-sulfonatoethyl)-2,3,3-trimethyl-3H-indolenine-5-sulfonic acid (6 mmol). Yield: 1.5 g (54% of theory) of a blue lyophilizate. e) Trisodium 3,3-dimethyl-2-{7-[3,3-dimethyl-5-sulfonato-l-(2-sulfonatoethyl)-3H- indolium-2-yl] -4-(6- { [2-(2,5-dioxo-2,5-dihydro- 1 H-pyrrol- 1 -yl)ethyl] carbamoyl}hexyl)hepta- 2,4,6-trien- 1 -ylidene} - 1 -(2-sulfonatoethyl)-2,3-dihydro- 1 H-indole-5-sulfonate, internal salt
The synthesis is carried out analogously to Example Ie) from 0.4 g (0.43 mmol) of the title compound of Example 7d). Yield: 0.31 g (69% of theory) of a blue lyophilizate.
Elementary analysis: CId.: C 49.25 H 4.79 N 5.22 S 11.95 Na 6.43
Fnd.: C 48.98 H 4.86 N 5.12 S 11.76 Na 6.77
Example 8: Trisodium 3,3-dimethyl-2-{7-[3,3-dimethyl-5-sulfonato-l-(2-suIfonatoethyl)- 3H-indoIium-2-yl]-4-(6-{[6-(2,5-dioxo-2,5-dihydro-lH-pyrroI-l- yl)hexyl]carbamoyl}hexyl)hepta-2,4,6-trien-l-ylidene}-l-(2-sulfonatoethyl)-2,3-dihydro- lH-indole-5-suIfonate, internal salt (Formula XXV)
The synthesis is carried out analogously to Example Ie) from 0.5 g (0.53 mmol) of the title compound of Example 7d) and 0.23 g (0.75 mmol) of N-(6-aminohexyl)maleimide- trifluoroacetate. Yield: 0.42 g of a blue lyophilizate (70% of theory).
Elementary analysis: CId.: C 51.05 H 5.27 N 4.96 S 11.36 Na 6.11 Fnd.: C 50.74 H 5.55 N 4.76 S 11.38 Na 6.35 Example 9: Trisodium 3,3-dimethyl-2-{7-[3,3-dimethyl-5-sulfonato-l-(2-sulfonatoethyl)- 3H-indoIium-2-yl]-4-(6-{[13-(2,5-dioxo-2,5-dihydro-lH-pyrrol-l-yI)-4,7,10- trioxatridecyl]carbamoyl}hexyl)hepta-2,4,6-trien-l-ylidene}-l-(2-sulfonatoethyl)-2,3- dihydro-lH-indole-5-sulfonate, internal salt (Formula XXVI)
The synthesis is carried out analogously to Example Ie) from 0.5 g (0.53 mmol) of the title compound of Example 7d) and 0.44 g (1.06 mmol) of N-(13-amino-4,7,10- trioxatridecyl)maleimide-trifluoroacetate. Yield: 0.24 g of a blue lyophilizate (37% of theory).
Elementary analysis: CId.: C 50.64 H 5.48 N 4.54 S 10.40 Na 5.59
Fnd.: C 50.30 H 5.56 N 4.34 S 10.15 Na 5.73
Example 10: Trisodium 3,3-dimethyl-2-{7-[3,3-dimethyl-5-sulfonato-l-(2- sulfonatoethyl)-3H-indolium-2-yl]-4-(5-{[2-(2,5-dioxo-2,5-dihydro-lH-pyrrol-l- yI)ethyl]carbamoyI}-3-oxa-pentyI)hepta-2,4,6-trien-l-ylidene}-l-(2-suIfonatoethyl)-2,3- dihydro-lH-indole-5-sulfonate, internal salt (Formula XXVII)
a) 3-Oxa-6-(4-Pyridinyl)hexanoic acid-fert-butyl ester
A solution of 75 g (0.4 mol) of 3-(4-ρyridinyl)-l-propanol in 400 ml of toluene/50 ml of
THF is mixed with 10 g of tetrabutylammonium sulfate and 350 ml of 32% sodium hydroxide solution. Then, 123 g (0.68 mol) of bromoacetic acid-fert-butyl ester is added in drops and stirred for 18 hours at room temperature. The organic phase is separated, and the aqueous phase is extracted three times with diethyl ether. The combined organic phases are washed with NaCl solution, dried on sodium sulfate and concentrated by evaporation. After chromatographic purification (silica gel: mobile solvent hexane:ethyl acetate), 56 g of product (41% of theory) is obtained as a brownish oil.
b) 3-[4-Oxa-5-(tert-butyloxycarbonyl)pentyl]glutaconaldehyde-dianilide-hydrobromide
A solution of 5.0 g (20 mmol) of 3-oxa-6-(4-pyridinyl)hexanoic acid-tert-butyl ester in
60 ml of diethyl ether is mixed with 3.7 g (40 mmol) of aniline and then at 0°C with a solution of 2.2 g (20 mmol) of bromocyanogen in 8 ml of diethyl ether. After 1 hour of stirring at 0°C, 50 ml of diethyl ether is mixed, and the red solid that is produced is filtered off, washed with ether and vacuum-dried. Yield: 8.5 g (85% of theory) of a violet solid.
c) Trisodium 3,3-dimethyl-2-{7-[3,3-dimethyl-5-sulfonato-l-(2-sulfonatoethyl)-3H- indolium-2-yl]-4-(6-carboxy-4-oxahexyl)hepta-2,4,6-trien-l-ylidene}-l-(2-sulfonatoethyl)-
2,3-dihydro-lH-indole-5-sulfonate, internal salt
A suspension of 3.0 g (6 mmol) of 3-[2-(ferr-butyloxycarbonyl)ethyl]- glutaconaldehyde-dianilide-hydrobromide (Example 1Ob)) and 4.2 g (12 mmol) of l-(2- sulfonatoethyl)-2,3,3-trimethyl-3H-indolenine-5-sulfonic acid (Example Ia)) in 50 ml of acetic acid anhydride and 10 ml of acetic acid is mixed with 2.5 g (30 mmol) of sodium acetate and stirred for 50 minutes at 12O0C. After cooling, it is mixed with diethyl ether, the precipitated solid is filtered off, absorptively precipitated in acetone and dried under high vacuum. After chromatographic purification (RP-C 18-silica gel, mobile solvent water/methanol), removal of the methanol in a vacuum and freeze-drying, the title compound is immediately obtained. Yield: 2.3 g (41% of theory) of a blue lyophilizate. d) Trisodium 3,3-dimethyl-2-{7-[3,3-dimethyl-5-sulfonato-l-(2-sulfonatoetIiyl)-3H- indolium-2-yl]-4-(5-{[2-(2,5-dioxo-2,5-dihydro-lH-pyrrol-l-yl)etliyl]carbainoyl}-3-oxa- pentyl)hepta-2,4,6-trien-l-ylidene}-l-(2-sulfonatoethyl)-2,3-dihydro-lH-indole-5-sulfonate, internal salt The synthesis is carried out analogously to Example Ic) from 1.0 g (1.1 mmol) of the title compound of Example 10c). Yield: 0.85 g (73% of theory) of a blue lyophilizate. Elementary analysis: CId.: C 47.54 H 4.46 N 5.28 S 12.09 Na 6.50
Fnd.: C 47.97 H 4.65 N 5.10 S 12.02 Na 6.68
Example 11: Trisodium 3,3-dimethyl-2-{7-[3,3-dimethyl-5-sulfonato-l-(2- sulfonatoethyl)-3H-indolium-2-yl]-4-(5-{[6-(2,5-dioxo-2,5-dihydro-lH-pyrrol-l- yI)hexyI]carbamoyl}-3-oxa-pentyl)hepta-2,4,6-trien-l-ylidene}-l-(2-sulfonatoethyl)-2,3- dihydro-lH-indole-5-suIfonate, internal salt (Formula XXVIII)
The synthesis is carried out analogously to Example Ie) from 0.5 g (0.55 mmol) of the title compound of Example 10c) and 0.23 g (0.75 mmol) of N-(6-aminohexyl)maleimide- trifluoroacetate. Yield: 0.42 g of a blue lyophilizate (68% of theory). Elementary analysis: CId.: C 49.46 H 4.96 N 5.01 S 11.48 Na 6.17
Fnd.: C 48.95 H 5.21 N 5.22 S 11.23 Na 6.60
Example 12: Trisodium 3,3-dimethyl-2-{7-[3,3-dimethyl-5-sulfonato-l-(2- sulfonatoethyl)-3H-indolium-2-yl]-4-(5-{[13-(2,5-dioxo-2,5-dihydro-lH-pyrrol-l-yl)- 4,7,10-trioxatridecyl]carbamoyl}-4-oxapentyl)hepta-2,4,6-trien-l-ylidene}-l-(2- sulfonatoethyl)-2,3-dihydro-lH-indole-5-sulfonate, internal salt (Formula XXIX)
The synthesis is carried out analogously to Example Ie) from 0.5 g (0.55 mmol) of the title compound of Example 10c) and 0.46 g (1.06 mmol) of N-(13-amino-4,7,10- trioxatridecyl)maleimide-trifluoroacetate. Yield: 0.34 g of a blue lyophilizate (56% of theory).
Elementary analysis: CId.: C 49.17 H 5.20 N 4.59 S 10.50 Na 5.65
Fnd.: C 49.34 H 5.32 N 4.45 S 10.28 Na 5.56
Example 13: Trisodium 3,3-dimethyI-2-[2-(l-{[3,3-dimethyI-5-suIfonato-l-(2- sulfonatoethyI)-3H-indolium-2-yl]vinyIene}-2-[4-(2-{[2-(2,5-dioxo-2,5-dihydro-lH- pyrrol-l- yl)ethyl]carbamoyI}ethyI)-phenoxy]cyclohex-l-en-3-yliden)ethylidene]-l-(2- suIfonatoethyl)-2,3-dihydro-lH-indole-5-suIfonate, internal salt (Formula XXX)
a) Trisodium 3,3-dimethyl-2-[2-(l-{[3,3-dimethyl-5-sulfonato-l-(2-sulfonatoethyl)-3H- indolium-2-yl]vinylene}-2-chloro-cyclohex-l-en-3-ylidene)ethylidene]-l-(2-sulfonatoethyl)- 2,3-dihydro-lH-indole-5-sulfonate, internal salt
5.0 g (14.4 mmol) of l-(2-sulfonatoethyl)-2,3,3-trimethyl-3H-indolenine-5-sulfonic acid (Example Ia)) and 2.6 g (7.2 mmol) of N-[(3-(anilinomethylene)-2-chloro-l-cyclohexen- l-yl)methylene] aniline hydrochloride (Aldrich Company) are refluxed together with 2.5 g (30 mmol) of anhydrous sodium acetate in 100 ml of methanol for 1 hour, cooled, mixed with 150 ml of diethyl ether and stirred overnight. The precipitate is suctioned off, dried and purified by chromatography (silica gel, gradient: dichloromethane/methanol). Yield: 3.8 g (58% of theory) of a blue solid.
b) Trisodium 3,3-dimethyl-2-[2-(l-{[3,3-dimethyl-5-sulfonato-l-(2-sulfonatoethyl)-3H- indolium-2-yl] vinylene } -2- [4-(2-carboxyethyl)phenoxy] cyclohex- 1 -en-3-ylidene)ethylidene] - l-(2-sulfonatoethyl)-2,3-dihydro-lH-indole-5-sulfonate, internal salt 0.37 g (2.2 mmol) of 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid in 30 ml of dimethylformamide is mixed with 0.18 g (4.5 mmol) of sodium hydride (60% mineral oil dispersion). After 30 minutes of stirring at room temperature, it is cooled to 0°C, a solution of 2.0 g (2.2 mmol) of the title compound of Example 12a) in 100 ml of dimethylformamide is added in drops and stirred for 2 hours at room temperature. The mixture is quenched with dry ice, and the solvent is removed in a vacuum. The residue is dissolved in methanol, stirred with 200 ml of ether, and the precipitated solid is filtered off. A chromatographic purification is carried out (silica gel, gradient: ethyl acetate/methanol). Yield: 1.9 g of a blue solid (83% of theory).
c) Trisodium 3,3-dimethyl-2-[2-(l-{[3,3-dimethyl-5-sulfonato-l-(2-sulfonatoethyl)-3H- indolium-2-yl]vinylene}-2-[4-(2-{[2-(2,5-dioxo-2,5-dihydro-lH-pyrrol-l- yl)ethyl]carbamoyl} ethyl)-phenoxy]cyclohex- 1 -en-3-ylidene)ethylidene]- 1 -(2- sulfonatoethyl)-2,3-dihydro-lH-indole-5-sulfonate, internal salt 0.1 mg (0.10 mmol) of the title compound of Example 12b) is reacted as described in Example Ie) with TBTU and N-(2-aminoemyl)maleimide-trifluoroacetate in the presence of triethylamine, and the product that is obtained is purified by chromatography. Yield: 93 mg of a blue lyophilizate (81% of theory).
Elementary analysis: CId.: C 51.21 H 4.47 N 4.88 S 11.16 Na 6.00 Fnd.: C 51.50 H 4.55 N 4.95 S 10.93 Na 6.15 Example 14: Trisodium 3,3-dimethyI-2-[2-(l-{[3,3-dimethyl-5-sulfonato-l-(2- sulfonatoethyl)-3H-indoIium-2-yl]vinylene}-2-[4-(2-{[6-(2,5-dioxo-2,5-dihydro-lH- pyrrol-1- yl)hexyl]carbamoyl}ethyl)-phenoxy]cyclohex-l-en-3-ylidene)ethylidene]-l-(2- suIfonatoethyI)-2,3-dihydro-lH-indoIe-5-suIfbnate, internal salt (Formula XXXI)
The synthesis is carried out analogously to Example Ie) from 0.7 g (0.68 mmol) of the title compound of Example 14a) and 0.53 g (1.22 mmol) of N-(13-amino-4,7,10- trioxatridecyl)maleimide-trifluoracetate. Yield: 0.56 g of a blue lyophilizate (68% of theory). Elementary analysis: CId.: C 48.27 H 4.53 N 5.36 S 12.27 Na 6.60
Fnd.: C 48.01 H 4.44 N 5.56 S 12.10 Na 6.81
Example 15: Trisodium 3,3-dimethyl-2-[2-(l-{[3,3-dimethyl-5-sulfonato-l-(2- sulfonatoethyl)-3H-indolium-2-yl]vinylene}-2-[4-(2-{[13-(2,5-dioxo-2,5-dihydro-lH- pyrrol-1- yl)-4,7,10-trioxatridecyl]carbamoyl}ethyl)phenoxy]cyclohex-l-en-3- ylidene)ethylidene]-l-(2-sulfonatoethyl)-2,3-dihydro-lH-indole-5-sulfonate, internal salt (Formula XXXII)
The synthesis is carried out analogously to Example Ie) from 0.7 g (0.68 mmol) of the title compound of Example 14a) and 0.59 g (1.36 mmol) of N-(13-amino-4,7,10- trioxatridecyl)maleimide-trifluoroacetate. Two chromatographic purifications are carried out. Yield: 0.67 g of a blue lyophilizate (75% of theory) .
Elementary analysis: CId.: C 52.29 H 5.16 N 4.28 S 9.79 Na 5.27 Fnd.: C 51.88 H 5.40 N 4.34 S 9.53 Na 5.68
Example 16: Trisodium 3,3-dimethyl-2-[2-(l-{[3,3-dimethyl-5-sulfonato-l-(2- suIfonatoethyl)-3H-indolium-2-yl]vmyIene}-2-[4-(2-{[2-(2,5-dioxo-2,5-dihydro-lH- pyrrol-1- yl)ethyl] carbamoyl} ethyl)-phenoxy] S-tert-butyl-cy clohex-l-en-3- yliden)ethylidene]-l-(2-sulfonatoethyl)-2,3-dihydro-lH-mdole-5-sulfonate, internal salt (Formula XXXIII)
a) N-[(3-(Anilinornethylene)-2-chloro-5~fert-butyl-l -cyclohexen-1 -yl)methylene] aniline hydrochloride
6.7 ml (73.4 mmol) of phosphorus oxychloride is added in drops at O0C to 8 ml of dimethylformamide. Then, a solution of 5.0 g (32.4 mmol) of 4-fer/-butylcyclohexanone in 30 ml of dichloromethane is added in drops, and the reaction mixture is stirred under reflux for 3 hours. After cooling to 0°C, 6 g (64.8 mmol) of aniline in 5.5 ml of ethanol is slowly added in drops, the mixture is poured onto 200 g of ice, and 5 ml of concentrated hydrochloric acid is added while being stirred. The precipitated solid is filtered off, washed with ether and dried. Yield: 6.8 g (50% of theory) of a red solid. b) Imodium 3,3-dimethyl-2-[2-(l-{[3,3-dimethyl-5-sulfonato-l-(2-sulfonatoethyl)-3H- indolium-2-yl]vinylene}-2-chloro-5-tert-butylcyclohex-l-en-3-ylidene)ethylidene]-l-(2- sulfonatoethyl)-2,3-dihydro-lH-indole-5-sulfonate, internal salt
5.0 g (14.4 mmol) of l-(2-sulfonatoethyl)-2,3,3-trimethyl-3H-indolenine-5-sulfonic acid (Example Ia)) and 3.0 g (7.2 mmol) of N-[(3-(anilinomethylene)-2-chloro-5-fert-butyl-l- cyclohexen-l-yl)methylene] aniline hydrochloride (Example 16a)) are refluxed together with
2.5 g (30 mmol) of anhydrous sodium acetate in 100 ml of methanol for 1.5 hours, cooled, mixed with 200 ml of diethyl ether and stirred overnight. The precipitate is suctioned off, dried and purified by chromatography (silica gel, gradient: dichloromethane/methanol). Yield: 4.7 g (68% of theory) of a blue solid.
c) Trisodium 3,3-dimethyl-2-[2-(l-{[3,3-dimethyl-5-sulfonato-l-(2-sulfonatoethyl)-3H- indolium-2-yl]vinylene}-2-[4-(2-carboxyethyl)phenoxy]-5-tert-butylcyclohex-l-en-3- ylidene)ethylidene]-l-(2-sulfonatoethyl)-2,3-dihydro-lH-indole-5-sulfonate, internal salt The reaction is carried out from 2.0 g (2.1 mmol) of the title compound of Example
16b) as described in Example 13b). Yield: 1.5 g (66% of theory).
d) Trisodium 3,3-dimethyl-2-[2-(l-{[3,3-dimethyl-5-sulfonato-l-(2-sulfonatoethyl)-3H- indolium-2-yl] vinylene } -2- [4-(2- { [2-(2,5-dioxo-2,5-dihydro- 1 H-pyrrol- 1 -yl)ethyl]- carbamoyl} ethyl)-phenoxy] -5-tert-butyl-cyclohex- 1 -en-3-ylidene)ethylidene] - 1 -(2- sulfonatoethyl)-2,3-dihydro-lH-indole-5-sulfonate, internal salt
The reaction is carried out from 1.0 g (0.92 mmol) of the title compound of Example 16c) as described in Example 13c). The purification by chromatography is carried out twice with RP C-18 silica gel (mobile solvent: acetonitrile/water). Yield: 0.24 g (22% of theory). Elementary analysis: CId.: C 52.82 H 4.93 N 4.65 S 10.64 Na 5.72
Fnd.: C 52.23 H 5.20 N 4.31 S 10.30 Na 6.15 Examples 17 - 19: Synthesis of Indotricarbocyanine Dyes with Bromoacetylamide Groups
Example 17: Trisodium 3,3-dimethyl-2-{7-[3,3-dimethyl-5-sulfonato-l-(2- sulfonatoethyl)-3H-indolium-2-yl]-4-(5-{[6-(bromoacetylamino)hexyl]carbamoyl}-4- oxapentyl)hepta-2,4,6-trien-l-ylidene}-l-(2-sulfonatoethyl)-2,3-dihydro-lH-indole-5- sulfonate, internal salt (Formula XXXIV)
a) Trisodium 3,3-dimethyl-2-{7-[3,3-dimethyl-5-sulfonato-l-(2-sulfonatoethyl)-3H- indolium-2-yl]-4-(5-{(6-aminohexyl)carbamoyl}-4-oxapentyl)hepta-2,4,6-trien-l-ylidene}-l- (2-sulfonatoethyl)-2,3-dihydro-lH-indole-5-sulfonate, internal salt
The synthesis is carried out analogously to Example Ie) from 0.5 g (0.55 mmol) of the title compound of Example 10c) and 0.15 g (0.70 mmol) of N-boc-hexanediamine (Fluka). The reaction product is purified by chromatography (RP C18-chromatography, gradient: methanol/water) and after freeze-drying, it is stirred in 2 ml of trifluoroacetic acid/8 ml of dichloromethane for 15 minutes while being cooled with ice. After spinning-in in a vacuum, the residue is dissolved in methanol, precipitated with diethyl ether and isolated. Yield: 0.26 g of a blue solid (41% of theory) .
b) Trisodium 3,3-dimethyl-2-{7-[3,3-dimethyl-5-sulfonato-l-(2-sulfonatoethyl)-
3H-indolium-2-yl] -4-(5 - { [6-(bromoacetylamino)hexyl] carbamoyl} -4-oxapentyl)hepta-2,4,6- trien- 1 -ylidene} - 1 -(2-sulfonatoethyl)-2,3-dihydro- lH-indole-5 -sulfonate, internal salt
0.26 g (0.23 mmol) of the title compound of Example 18a) is cooled in 5 ml of dimethylformamide to -20°C, mixed with 28 mg (0.28 mmol) of triethylamine and a solution of 0.10 g (0.46 mmol) of bromoacetyl bromide in 0.2 ml of dimethylformamide. After 5 hours of stirring at a maximum of 0°C, the product is precipitated by adding diethyl ether and obtained by repeated re-precipitation from dimethylformamide/diethyl ether and subsequent drying. Yield: 0.23 g (86% of theory) of a blue solid.
Elementary analysis: CId.: C 45.63 H 4.87 N 4.84 S 11.07 Na 5.96
Fnd.: C 45.13 H 4.66 N 4.67 S 10.83 Na not determined
Example 18: Trisodium 3,3-dimethyl-2-{7-[3,3-dimethyl-5-sulfonato-l-(2- sulfonatoethyI)-3H-mdolium-2-yl]-4-(3-{[3-(bromoacetyIamino)propyI]carbamoyI}- ethyl)hepta-2,4,6-trien-l-ylidene}-l-(2-sulfonatoethyl)-2,3-dihydro-lH-indoIe-5- sulfonate, internal salt (Formula XXXV)
The synthesis is carried out starting from the title compound of Example Id) (0.5 g; 0.56 mmol) and N-boc-propylenediamine analogously to Example 17. Yield over all the stages: 0.22 g (37% of theory).
Elementary analysis: CId.: C 43.70 H 4.33 N 5.23 S 11.96 Na 6.43
Fnd.: C 43.21 H 4.14 N 5.53 S 10.89 Na not determined
Example 19: Trisodium 3,3-dimethyl-2-[2-(l-{[3,3-dimethyl-5-sulfonato-l-(2- sulfonatoethyl)-3H-mdolium-2-yI]vinylene}-2-[4-(2-{[3- (bromoacetyIamino)propyl]carbamoyl}ethyl)-phenoxy]cyclohex-l-en-3- ylidene)ethylideneI-l-(2-suIfonatoethyI)-2,3-dihydro-lH-indole-5-suIfonate, internal salt (Formula XXXVI)
The synthesis is carried out starting from the title compound of Example 13b) (0.5 g; 0.49 mmol) and N-boc-propylenediamine analogously to Example 17. Yield over all stages: 0.31 g (53% of theory).
Elementary analysis: CId.: C 47.88 H 4.52 N 4.65 S 10.65 Na 5.73
Fnd.: C 48.04 H 4.43 N 4.69 S 10.72 Na 5.84
Examples 20-23: Synthesis of conjugates with biomolecules and photophysical characterization of the conjugates
Example 20: Labeling of BSA (bovine serum albumin) with the title compounds of Examples 1-16
General instructions: A solution of 5 mg (0.074 μmol) of BSA (Sigma Company) in 5 ml of phosphate buffer (0.1 M Na2HPO4/NaH2PO4, pH 6.8) is mixed in each case with 0.74 μmol of the title compounds of Examples 1-16 (stock solutions of 0.5 mg/ml in PBS) and incubated for 30 minutes at 25°C. The purification of the conjugate is carried out by means of gel chromatography (column: Sephadex G50, diameter 1.5 cm, Pharmacia, eluant: PBS). Example 21: Labeling of BSA with the title compounds of Examples 17-19
General instructions: A solution of 5 mg (0.074 μmol) of BSA (Sigma Company) in 5 ml of phosphate buffer (0.1 M borate buffer, pH 8.5) is mixed in each case with 1.10 μmol of the title compounds of Examples 17-19 (stock solutions of 0.5 mg/ml in PBS) and incubated for 5 hours at 250C. The purification of the conjugate is carried out by means of gel chromatography (column: Sephadex G50, diameter 1.5 cm, Pharmacia, eluant: PBS).
Example 22: Labeling of anti-ED-B-fibronectin scFv antibody AP39 (single chain fragment) with the title compounds of Examples 1-16 AP39 is an scFv with a C-teraiinal cysteine and is present as a covalent S-S-dimer of the molar-mass of about 56,000 g/mol (Curr. Opin. Drug Discov. Devel.. 2002 Mar; 5(2): 204-13). By reduction of the disulfide bridges, two monomers with accessible SH groups are produced (molar mass 28,000 g/mol).
General instructions: 0.3 ml of a solution of AP39 in PBS (cone. 0.93 mg of dimer/ml) is mixed with 60 μl of a solution of tris(carboxyethyl)phosphine (TCEP) in PBS (2.8 mg/ml) and incubated under nitrogen for 1 hour at 25°C. Excess TCEP is separated by means of gel filtration on an NAP-5 column (eluant: PBS). The quantity of AP39-monomer obtained (OD2g0nm = 1.4), determined by means of photometry, is 230-250 μg (volumes 0.5 - 0.6 ml). The solution is mixed with 0.03 μmol of the title compounds of Examples 1-16 (stock solutions of 0.5 mg/ml in PBS) and incubated for 30 minutes at 25°C. The conjugate is purified by gel chromatography on an NAP-5 column (eluant: PBS/10% glycerol). The immune reactivity of the conjugate solution is determined by means of affinity chromatography (ED-B-fibronectin resin) (J. Immunol. Meth. 1999, 231, 239). The immune reactivity of the conjugates obtained was >80% (AP39 before the conjugation >95%).
Example 23: Labeling of anti-ED-B-fibronectin scFv antibodies AP39 (single chain fragment) with the title compounds of Examples 17-19
General instructions: 0.3 ml of a solution of AP39 in PBS (cone. 0.93 mg of dimer/ml) is mixed with 60 μl of a solution of tris(carboxyethyl)phosphine (TCEP) in PBS (2.8 mg/ml) and incubated under nitrogen for 1 hour at 25°C. Excess TCEP is separated by means of gel filtration on an NAP-5 column (eluant: 50 mmol of borate buffer pH 8.5). The quantity of AP39-monomer (OD280nm = 1-4) that is obtained, determined by means of photometry, is
230 - 250 μg (volumes 0.5 - 0.6 ml). The solution is mixed with 0.06 μmol of the title compounds of Examples 17-19 (stock solutions of 0.5 mg/ml in PBS) and incubated for 4 hours at 250C. The conjugate is purified by gel chromatography on an NAP-5 column (eluant: PBS/10% glycerol). The immune reactivity of the conjugate solution is determined by means of affinity chromatography (ED-B -fibronectin resin) (J. Immunol. Meth. 1999, 231, 239). The immune reactivities of the conjugates that were obtained was >75% (AP39 before the conjugation >95%).
Example 24: Photophysical properties and immunoreactivity (ELISA) of target-specific conjugates for different dye structures and AP39
The degree of biomolecule loading (dye-to-biomolecule molar ratio) is determined by photometry and based on an extinction coefficient of 75000 L mol'1 cm"1 in the short-wave absorption shoulder (about 690 - 710 nm); the antibody absorption (Anti-CD 105 IgG) of OD280nm = 1,4 is used for calculation. The fluorescence quantum yield is determined with a SPEX fluorolog (lamp and detector calibrated for wavelength-dependent sensitivity) relative to Indocyanine Green (Q = 0,13 in DMSO5 J. Chem. Eng. Data 1977, 22, 379, Bioconjugate Chem. 2001, 12, 44).
The immunoreactivity was measured by ELISA and describes the percentage (%) of biomolecules binding to the target (ED-B-fibronectin) relative to non-labeled biomolecule AP39 prior to conjugation with sample dyes of examples 1-19. The results are summarized in Table 2 below.
Table 2
Example 25: Labeling of anti-CD105-antibody (anti-Endoglin IgG) with dye and determination of photophysical properties. The example describes a different bioniolecule type (full-size IgG antibody) directed against the target CD 105 (endoglin).
Dye synthesis: The dye used for conjugation to the antibody is Trisodium 3,3-dimethyl- 2-{7-[3,3-dimethyl-5-sulfonato-l-(2-sulfonatoethyl)-3H-indolium-2-yl]-4-(6-carboxy-4- oxahexyl)hepta-2,4,6-trien-l-ylidene}-l-(2-sulfonatoethyl)-2,3-dihydro-lH-indole-5- sulfonate, internal salt (Example 10 c). This dye was converted into the corresponding N- hydroxysuccinimidyl ester by reaction in dimethylformaniide with 5 eq. N- hydroxysuccinimid, 4 eq. N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide for 5 h at room temperature. After precipitation with diethylether, the crude dye was directly used for conjugation with anti- CD 105-antibody. Labeling reaction: 1 mL of antibody anti-CD 105 IgG solution (concentration 1 mg/mL) in phosphate-buffered saline (pH 7.4) was treated with 0,17 μmol of the N- hydroxysuccinimidyl ester described above (stock solution 0,2 mg/mL in dest. water) and incubated for 5 hours at 25°C. Purification was achieved by gel chromatography (NAPlO ready-to-use desalting column, eluant: PBS) resulting a solution of 10 μmol/L dye concentration / 1,4 μmol/L antibody concentration.
The physicochemical properties were measured as described above and are shown in Table 3 below. Table 3
Example 26: Imaging of micrometastasis in Capan-1 tumor bearing nude mice Capan-1 tumor cells that were grown subconfluently in culture were trypsinized, centrifuged and resuspended in PBS. After staining with trypan blue and calculation of the cell concentration, the cell suspension was set at a concentration of 3x107AnI. The cell suspension was cooled on ice until it was used. Three female nude mice (NMRI-nude, 24-25 g body weight) were anesthetized, and 30 μl (1x106 cells/animal) of the cell suspension inoculated subcapsularly in the pancreas in each animal after abdominal incision. Each animal received 0.05 μmol/kg body weight (1.3 mg/kg body weight) of a substance comprising a cyanine dye according to Example 10, i.e. having a structure as depicted in formula XXVII, which had been conjugated to the EB-DF antibody AP39 according to the method of Example 22. This substance was administered intravenously at a time point that a clear tumor growth was palpable (about 12 to 14 weeks post tumor cell implantation). The animals were sacrificed 6 hours after substance administration and the mesenterium containing micrometastasis was imaged ex vivo for fluorescence signals using an intensified CCD camera. The fluorescence of the substance was excited by mesenterium irradiation with near- infrared ligth with 740 nm wavelength, which was produced with a laser diode (0.5 W output). The fluorescence images were stored digitally. Following, the size of micrometastasis were evaluated using a low magnification microscope (Stemi 2000-C, Fa. Carl Zeis). Fluorescence signals were received from micrometastasis in the range of 0.5 to 2.0 mm in diameter and from larger mesenterial metastasis and corresponds with the microscopic evaluation. The effectiveness of the dye conjugates is depicted in Figure 1 based on an example.
Example 27: Ex vivo imaging of small endometriotic lesions in nude mice
Endometriosis was surgically induced in 4 NMRI nude mice. The mice were anesthetized with an intraperitoneal injection of xylazine/ketamine (volume ration 2:10, 1 ml/kg body weight). The abdomen was opened through a 2-cni midline incision and two samples of human endometriosis tissues (sample size about 1 mm ) were anchored onto the peritoneum on each side of the abdominal cavity. Imaging was performed in all mice 9 days after induction of endometriosis. For imaging 2 mice received 0.05 μmol/kg body weight (1.3 mg/kg b.w.) of a conjugate according to example 20 (AP39 + title compound of example 10 having the structure as depicted in formula XXVII) intravenously. The other two mice received a control conjugate synthesized from BSA and Trisodium 3,3-dimethyl-2-{7-[3,3- dimethyl-5-sulfonato-l-(2-sulfonatoethyl)-3-H-indolium-2-yl]-4-(6-carboxy-4-oxahexyl)- hepta-2,4,6-trien-l-ylidene}-l-(2-sulfonatoethyl)-2,3-dihydro-lH-indole-5-sulfonate, internal salt (Example 10 c). AU animals were sacrificed 24 hours after substance administration and the peritoneum containing endonietriotic lesions were imaged ex vivo for fluorescence signals using an intensified CCD camera. The fluorescence of the substance was excited by peritoneum containing endometriotic lesion irradiation with near-infrared light with 740 nm wavelength, which was produced with a laser diode (0.5 W output). The fluorescence images were stored digitally. A clear fluorescence signal enhancement was observed in endometriotic lesions of both mice treated with a conjugate according to example 20 (AP39 + title compound of example 10 having the structure as depicted in formula XXVII), which was not given in mice treated with the control substance. The size of the fluorescence containing lesions was smaller than 2 mm. The effectiveness of the dye conjugates is depicted in Figure 2 based on a representative example.
Example 28: In vivo imaging of spontaneous micro-lesions of the skin in nude mice
Spontaneous multiple micro-lesions of the skin were observed in two NMRI-nude mice. Each mouse received 0.05 μmol/kg body weight (1.3 mg/kg b.w.) of a conjugate according to example 20 (AP39 + title compound of example 10 having the structure as depicted in formula XXVII) intravenously. The imaging was performed in anesthetized mice 6 hours after substance administration. A short-time anesthesia was induced using the inhalation anesthetics isoflurane (Isofluran Curamed, Curamed Pharma GmbH, Karlsruhe, Germany). The fluorescence of the substance was excited by a diode-laser (excitation wavelength of 742 nm) and detected using an intensified CCD-camera. The fluorescence images were stored digitally. Following, the size of the micro-lesions were evaluated using a low magnification microscope (Stemi 2000-C, Fa. Carl Zeis). Fluorescence signals were received from micro- lesions up to smaller than < 1 mm. The effectiveness of the dye conjugates is depicted in Figure 3 based on a representative example. Without further elaboration, it is believed that one skilled in the art can, using the preceding description, utilize the present invention to its fullest extent. The following preferred specific embodiments are, therefore, to be construed as merely illustrative, and not limitative of the remainder of the disclosure in any way whatsoever.
In the foregoing examples, all temperatures are set forth uncorrected in degrees Celsius, and all parts and percentages are by weight, unless otherwise indicated.
The entire disclosure[s] of all applications, patents and publications, cited herein are incorporated by reference herein. The preceding examples can be repeated with similar success by substituting the generically or specifically described reactants and/or operating conditions of this invention for those used in the preceding examples.
From the foregoing description, one skilled in the art can easily ascertain the essential characteristics of this invention and, without departing from the spirit and scope thereof, can make various changes and modifications of the invention to adapt it to various usages and conditions.

Claims

Claims
1. Use of a conjugate of the general formula (I):
B-(D)n
(I), wherein
B stands for an angiogenesis specific binding component, D stands for a cyanine dye, and n is 1 to 5
for the production of a diagnostic for the diagnosis of micrometastasis or small proliferative lesions.
2. Use according to claim 1, wherein the angiogenesis specific binding component is directed against the ED-B domain of fibronectin (ED-BF), endoglin, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR), VEGF family members, NRP-I, Angl, Thie2, PDGF-BB and receptors, TGF-Bl5 endoglin, TGF-β receptors, FGF, HGF, MCP- 1, Integrins (αvβ3, αvβ5, αsβO, VE-cadherin, PECAM (CD31), Ephrins, Plasminogen activators, MMPs, PAI-I, NOS, COX-2, AC 133, Chemokins, Idl/Id3, VEGFR-I, Ang2, TSP- 1,-2, Angiostatin and related plasminogen kringles, Endostatin (collagen XVII fragment), Vasostatin, Platelet factor 4, TIMPs, MMP inhibitors, PEX, Meth-1, Meth-2, IFN-α, -β, -γ, IP-IO, IL-4, IL-12, IL-18, Prolactin (M, 16K), VEGI, Fragment of SPARC, Osteopontin fragment or Maspin.
3. Use according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the angiogenesis specific binding component is selected from the group consisting of a peptide, a protein, a nucleic acid, a small molecule, and a sugar.
4. Use according to one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the protein is selected from the group consisting of an antibody, an antibody fragment, and a single chain antibody.
5. Use according to one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the antibody is selected from the group consisting of L19, E8, AP38 and AP39.
6. Use according to one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the nucleic acid is selected from the group consisting of DNA, RNA, aptamers, and PNA.
7. Use according to one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the small molecule is 2,2- dipheny lethylamine .
8. Use according to one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the cyanine dye is selected from the group consisting of carbocyanine, dicarbocyanine, and tricarbocyanine.
9. Use according to one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the cyanine dye has the general formula (H)
(H)5
wherein C stands for a radical (III) or (IV)
(III) (IV)5 wherein the position that is labeled with the star means the point of linkage with radical A and can stand for the group (V), (VI), (VII), (VIII) or (IX) (V) (VI) (VII)
(VIII) (IX)
wherein
R1 and R2, independently of one another, stand for a CrQ-sulfoalkyl chain or a saturated or unsaturated, branched or straight-chain Ci-C5o-alkyl chain, which optionally is substituted by 0 to 15 oxygen atoms and/or by 0 to 3 carbonyl groups and/or with 0 to 5 hydroxyl groups or optionally interrupted by 0 to 15 oxygen atoms and/or by 0 to 3 carbonyl groups and/or can be substituted with 0 to 5 hydroxyl groups;
R3 stands for B or a linker connected to B, wherein the linker is a branched or straight-chain carbohydrate chain with up to 20 carbon residues, which is substituted with one or more -OH, -COOH, -SO3 groups and/or optionally interrupted one or more times by -O-, -S-, -CO-, -CS-, -CONH, -NHCO-, NHCSNH-, -SO2-, -PO4 '-, -aryl- and/or -NH- group;
R4 stands for the group -COOE1, -CONE1E2, -NHCOE1, -NHCONHE1, -NE1E2, - OE1, -OSO3E1, -SO3E1, -SO2NHE1 or -E1, wherein
E1 and E2, independently of one another, stand for a hydrogen atom, a C1-C4- sulfoalkyl chain, a saturated or unsaturated, branched or straight-chain C1- C50-alkyl chain, which optionally is interrupted by O to 15 oxygen atoms and/or by O to 3 carbonyl groups and/or is substituted with O to 5 hydroxyl groups; R5 stands for a hydrogen atom, or a fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine atom, methyl, ethyl, propyl or wo-propyl;
b means the number 2 or 3; and
X and Y, independently of one another, stand for O, S, =C(CH3)2 or-(CH=CH)-,
as well as salts and solvates of these compounds.
10. Use according to one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the cyanine dye has the general formula (X)
(X),
wherein C stands for a radical (XI) or (XII)
(XI) (XII),
wherein the position that is labeled with the star means the point of linkage with radical A' and can stand for the group (XIII), (XIV)5 (XV), (XVI) or (XVII)
R 5'
(XIII) (XIV) (XV)
(XVI) (XVII),
wherein radical (XV) or (XVII) optionally can be substituted with a C1 to C4-alkyl radical,
wherein
R1 stands for a Ci-Q-suIfoalkyl chain; a saturated or unsaturated, branched or straight-chain CrCso-alkyl chain, which optionally is substituted by 0 to 15 oxygen atoms and/or by 0 to 3 carbonyl groups and/or can be substituted with 0 to 5 hydroxyl groups or optionally interrupted by 0 to 15 oxygen atoms and/or by 0 to 3 carbonyl groups and/or can be substituted with 0 to 5 hydroxyl groups; or M'- R6';
R2 stands for a C1-C4-sulfoalkyl chain; a saturated or unsaturated, branched or straight-chain d-Cso-alkyl chain, which optionally is substituted by 0 to 15 oxygen atoms and/or by 0 to 3 carbonyl groups and/or can be substituted with 0 to
5 hydroxyl groups or optionally interrupted by 0 to 15 oxygen atoms and/or by 0 to 3 carbonyl groups and/or can be substituted with 0 to 5 hydroxyl groups; or M'-
R7';
R3 , R4', R6' and R7', independently of one another, stand for the group -COOE1', - CONE1 E2', -NHCOE1', -NHCONHE1', -NE1 E2', -OE1', -OSO3E1', -SO3E1', - SO2NHE1' or -E1', wherein E1 and E2 , independently of one another, stand for a hydrogen atom, a C1-C4- sulfoalkyl chain, a saturated or unsaturated, branched or straight-chain C1-
C50-alkyl chain, which optionally is interrupted by 0 to 15 oxygen atoms and/or by 0 to 3 carbonyl groups and/or is substituted with 0 to 5 hydroxyl groups;
M' stands for CH2-CH2 or CH2-CH2-CH2;
R5> stands for -Q'-CH2-R8>;
Q' stands for C1 to C5 alkyl, whereby the C atoms are optionally substituted by O or S, or stands for
R8' stands for -CO-NH-R9'-R10', -NH-CS-NH- R9'-R10> or -NH-CO- R9'-R10>, wherein
R9 is selected from the group consisting of unbranched C2-C13 alkyl, in which
C atoms are optionally replaced by O or S, and
R10 is B or the residual part of a coupling moiety, which is linked to B, and
b' means the number 2 or 3; and
X' and Y', independently of one another, stand for O, S, =C(CH3)2 , =C(C2H5)2, =C(C3H7)2, KJ(WoC3Hy)2, =C(C4H9)2, or -(CH=CH)-,
as well as salts and solvates of these compounds.
11. Use according to claim 10, wherein A' stands for a radical (XVI) or (XVII), wherein radical (XVII) optionally can be substituted in/rørø-position with a C1 to C4-alkyl radical;
C stands for a radical (XII);
R1 ' stands for M-R6';
R2' stands for M-R7';
R3 , R4 , R6 , and R7 , independently of one another, stand for SO3H or H, with the proviso that at least three of R3', R4', R6', and R7' are SO3H, and
X' and Y', independently of one another, stand for O, S, =C(CH3)2 , =C(C2H5)2, =C(C3H7)2, =C(irøC3H7)2, or =C(C4H9)2,
b' is 3.
12. Use according to claims 10 or 11, wherein
A' stands for the radical with the formula (XVI);
M' stands for CH2-CH2; and
Q' stands for C1 to C5 alkyl, whereby the C atoms are optionally substituted by O or
S.
13. Use according to one of claims 10 to 12, wherein
Q' stands for C1-C5 alkyl.
14. Use according to claim 10 or 11, wherein
A' stands for the radical with the formula (XVII) b' means 3, and
Q' stands for
15. Use according to one of claims 10 to 14, wherein
R8' stands for CO-B or NH-B.
16. Use according to one of claims 1 to 15, wherein the small proliferative lesion is selected from the group consisting of a small primary tumor, a precancerosis, a dysplasia, a metaplasia, an inflammatory lesion, endometriosis and/or an ocular disease.
17. Use according to one of claims 1 to 16, for the in vivo diagnosis.
18. Use according to one of claims 1 to 17, wherein the micrometastasis and/or the small proliferative lesion is diagnosed prior, during and/or after a treatment procedure.
19. Use according to one of claims 1 to 18, wherein the micrometastasis and/or the small proliferative lesion has a diameter of less than 10 mm, preferably of less than 8 mm.
20. Use according to one of claims 1 to 18, wherein the micrometastasis and/or the small proliferative lesion has a diameter of less than 6 mm, preferably of less than 5 mm.
21. Use according to one of claims 1 to 18, wherein the micrometastasis and/or the small proliferative lesion has a diameter of less than 4 mm, preferably of less than 3 mm.
22. Use according to one of claims 1 to 18, wherein the micrometastasis and/or the small proliferative lesion has a diameter of between 2.0 to 0.2 mm.
23. Use according to one of claims 1 to 22, wherein the micrometastasis is an iatrogenic micrometastasis, a hematogenous micrometastasis, a cavitary micrometastasis, an intraluminal micrometastasis, a lymphatic metastasis, a local micrometastasis, and/or a regional micrometastasis.
24. Use according to one of claims 1 to 22, wherein the precancerosis is selected from the group consisting of precancerosis of the skin, in particular actinic keratosis, cutaneaous horn, actinic cheilitis, tar keratosis, arsenic keratosis, x-ray keratosis, Bowen's disease, bowenoid papulosis, lentigo maligna, lichen sclerosus, and lichen rubber mucosae; precancerosis of the digestive tract, in particular erythroplakia, leukoplakia, Barrett's esophagus, Plummer-Vinson syndrome, crural ulcer, gastropathia hypertrophica gigantea, borderline carcinoma, neoplastic intestinal polyp, rectal polyp, porcelain gallbladder; gynaecological precancerosis, in particular carcinoma ductale in situ (CDIS), cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), leukoplakia, endometrial hyperplasia
(grade III), vulvar dystrophy, vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN), hydatidiform mole; urologic precancerosis, in particular bladder papillomatosis, Queyrat's erythroplasia, testicular intraepithelial neoplasia (TIN), leukoplakia; carcinoma in situ (CIS); precancerosis caused by chronic inflammation, in particular pyoderma, osteomyelitis, acne conglobata, lupus vulgaris, and fistula.
25. Use according to one of claims 1 to 22, wherein the metaplasia is selected from the group consisting of agnogenic myeloid metaplasia, apocrine metaplasia, atypical metaplasia, autoparenchymatous metaplasia, connective tissue metaplasia, epithelial metaplasia, intestinal metaplasia, metaplastic anemia, metaplastic ossification, metaplastic polyps, myeloid metaplasia, primary myeloid metaplasia, secondary myeloid metaplasia, squamous metaplasia, squamous metaplasia of amnion, symptomatic myeloid metaplasia and regenerative metaplasia.
26. Use according to one of claims 1 to 22, wherein the dysplasia is selected from the group consisting of anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia, anterofacial dysplasia, asphyxiating thoracic dysplasia, atriodigital dysplasia, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, cerebral dysplasia, cervical dysplasia, chondroectodermal dysplasia, cleidocranial dysplasia, congenital ectodermal dysplasia, craniodiaphysial dysplasia, craniocarpotarsal dysplasia, craniometaphysial dysplasia, dentin dysplasia, diaphysial dysplasia, ectodermal dysplasia, enamel dysplasia, encephalo-ophthalmic dysplasia, dysplasia epiphysialis heminelia, dysplasia epiphysialis multiplex, dysplasia epiphysalis punctata, epithelial dysplasia, faciodigitogenital dysplasia, familial fibrous dysplasia of jaws, familial white folded dysplasia, fibromuscular dysplasia, fibrous dysplasia of bone, florid osseous dysplasia, hereditary renal-retinal dysplasia hidrotic ectodermal dysplasia, hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia, lymphopenic thymic dysplasia, mammary dysplasia, mandibulofacial dysplasia, metaphysical dysplasia, Mondini dysplasia, monostotic fibrous dysplasia, mucoepithelial dysplasia, multiple epiphysial dysplasia, oculoauriculovertebral dysplasia, oculodentodigital dysplasia, oculovertebral dysplasia, odontogenic dysplasia, ophthalmomandibulomelic dysplasia, periapical cemental dysplasia, polyostotic fibrous dysplasia, pseudoachondroplastic spondyloepiphysial dysplasia, retinal dysplasia, septo-optic dysplasia, spondyloepiphysial dysplasia, and ventriculoradial dysplasia.
27. Use according to one of claims 1 to 22, wherein the inflammatory lesion is caused by a disease or condition selected from the group consisting of rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, septic shock, osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, neuropathic pain, viral infection, bacterial infection, insulin-dependent diabetes, non-insulin dependent diabetes, periodontal disease, restenosis, alopecia areta, psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, acute pancreatitis, allograft rejection, allergies, allergic inflammation in the lung, atherosclerosis, multiple sclerosis, cachexia, Alzheimer's disease, stroke, Crohn's disease, inflammatory bowel disease, ischemia, congestive heart failure, pulmonary fibrosis, hepatitis, Guillain-Barre Syndrome, and systemic lupus erythematosus.
28. Use according to one of claims 1 to 22, wherein the endometriosis comprises hematogenous cell clusters, cavitary cell clusters, intraluminal cell clusters, lymphatic cell clusters, local cell clusters and/or regional cell clusters.
29. Use according to one of claims 1 to 22, wherein the ocular disease is selected from the group consisting of trachoma, retinopathy of prematurity, diabetic retinopathy, neovascular glaucoma and age-related macular degeneration.
EP05776048A 2004-07-22 2005-07-22 Cyanine dyes conjugated with antibodies for the diagnosis of micrometastasis Withdrawn EP1784226A2 (en)

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