EP1782236A2 - Verfahren zur verwaltung der interzonen-bandbreite in einem zweiwege-nachrichtenübermittlungsnetz - Google Patents
Verfahren zur verwaltung der interzonen-bandbreite in einem zweiwege-nachrichtenübermittlungsnetzInfo
- Publication number
- EP1782236A2 EP1782236A2 EP05769273A EP05769273A EP1782236A2 EP 1782236 A2 EP1782236 A2 EP 1782236A2 EP 05769273 A EP05769273 A EP 05769273A EP 05769273 A EP05769273 A EP 05769273A EP 1782236 A2 EP1782236 A2 EP 1782236A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- zone
- inter
- congestion
- congestion control
- link
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L41/00—Arrangements for maintenance, administration or management of data switching networks, e.g. of packet switching networks
- H04L41/08—Configuration management of networks or network elements
- H04L41/0896—Bandwidth or capacity management, i.e. automatically increasing or decreasing capacities
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L45/00—Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L47/00—Traffic control in data switching networks
- H04L47/10—Flow control; Congestion control
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L47/00—Traffic control in data switching networks
- H04L47/10—Flow control; Congestion control
- H04L47/11—Identifying congestion
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L47/00—Traffic control in data switching networks
- H04L47/10—Flow control; Congestion control
- H04L47/24—Traffic characterised by specific attributes, e.g. priority or QoS
- H04L47/2416—Real-time traffic
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L47/00—Traffic control in data switching networks
- H04L47/10—Flow control; Congestion control
- H04L47/35—Flow control; Congestion control by embedding flow control information in regular packets, e.g. piggybacking
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L47/00—Traffic control in data switching networks
- H04L47/70—Admission control; Resource allocation
- H04L47/74—Admission control; Resource allocation measures in reaction to resource unavailability
- H04L47/745—Reaction in network
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L47/00—Traffic control in data switching networks
- H04L47/70—Admission control; Resource allocation
- H04L47/78—Architectures of resource allocation
- H04L47/781—Centralised allocation of resources
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L47/00—Traffic control in data switching networks
- H04L47/70—Admission control; Resource allocation
- H04L47/78—Architectures of resource allocation
- H04L47/783—Distributed allocation of resources, e.g. bandwidth brokers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L47/00—Traffic control in data switching networks
- H04L47/70—Admission control; Resource allocation
- H04L47/80—Actions related to the user profile or the type of traffic
- H04L47/801—Real time traffic
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L47/00—Traffic control in data switching networks
- H04L47/70—Admission control; Resource allocation
- H04L47/80—Actions related to the user profile or the type of traffic
- H04L47/805—QOS or priority aware
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L47/00—Traffic control in data switching networks
- H04L47/70—Admission control; Resource allocation
- H04L47/82—Miscellaneous aspects
- H04L47/822—Collecting or measuring resource availability data
Definitions
- This invention relates to a method for managing bandwidth within a number of zones, each zone formed to include one or more transmitter units and more particularly, to such a method for handling bandwidth efficiently and reliably on inter- zone links in order to minimize congestion.
- TCP transmission control protocol
- congestion control is accomplished by adjusting a congestion control window based on the number of dropped packets. Adjusting the congestion control window based on the number of dropped packets is both inefficient and inaccurate, since it relies on the assumption that congestion is the only significant contributor to dropped packets and requires that packets be dropped even though they could have been successfully delivered. In two-way messaging systems, simply adjusting the congestion control window based on the number of dropped packets is absolutely unacceptable, as it results in audio/voice calls (e.g., packets, traffic) being dropped needlessly.
- audio/voice calls e.g., packets, traffic
- the zone controllers which function as the brains of the two-way radio system, are responsible for assigning resources in and across zones (e.g. over an inter-zone link).
- zones e.g. over an inter-zone link
- the application layer has no direct knowledge of the inter-zone network topology, it is necessary that the application act in a manner such that these bursty conditions are properly handled should they occur. If an inter- zone link is ever congested or over-subscribed for a significant period of time, all calls on the link will experience added delay and jitter such that no call traversing the link will be intelligible at the other end.
- FIG. 1 illustrates a two-way messaging system utilizing an IP network topology having a plurality of zone controllers, a plurality of exit routers, and parallel control plane and audio plane communications paths;
- FIG. 2 illustrates a type of service (TOS) field of an IP packet header
- FIG. 3 is a flow chart illustrating an algorithm implemented by a zone controller used to detect the congestion control level in accordance with the preferred embodiment of the present invention
- FIG.4 is a flow chart illustrating a link algorithm implemented by an exit router used to detect the congestion control level on a inter-zone link in accordance with the preferred embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is a flow chart illustrating a packet algorithm implemented by an exit router used to notify a zone controller of a congestion control value in accordance with the preferred embodiment of the present invention.
- the present invention discloses a method for handling bandwidth efficiently and reliably on inter-zone links in order to minimize congestion in a two-way messaging system having a plurality of zone controllers and exit routers that use the same control plane and audio plane communications paths.
- the present invention discloses a method that determines a congestion control value (e.g., an explicit congestion notification (ECN) value) of a particular link based on the traffic type, and notifies at least a subset of the plurality of zone controllers over the control plane of the congestion control level of the link based on the congestion control value perceived on the audio plane.
- ECN explicit congestion notification
- the present invention also discloses a method that assesses the availability of inter-zone resources by processing the congestion feedback information received by the zone controllers as indicated by the exit routers. Let us now refer to FIGS.
- a two-way messaging system as shown in FIG. 1 illustrates a plurality of zone controllers 102 and a plurality of exit routers 104.
- Each zone controller 102 is coupled to an exit router 104, and the exit routers 104 are coupled to each other via inter-zone links 106 in a two-way messaging system in an IP network topology 100 as known in the art.
- IP network topology 100 each zone controller 102 can be thought of as a node, connected to other zone controllers 102 through a partial mesh.
- the inter-zone links 106 typically have enough bandwidth to support a predetermined number of calls.
- Each zone controller 102 in the IP network views its collective inter- zone traffic to and/or from any other zone in a framework similar to that employed by a single TCP session between two hosts.
- control traffic between zones used separate links from those used for audio traffic.
- the network of physical connections used for control traffic was referred to as the control plane
- the network used for audio traffic was referred to as the audio plane.
- control traffic and audio traffic streams are packetized and interleaved and thus can share the same physical links 108.
- the concept of a control plane and an audio plane is still employed for the purpose of illustration, even though the two logical planes both share the same physical medium. Therefore each zone controller 102 has a corresponding control and audio plane that flows over the same inter-zone link 106. This allows the system to ensure that traffic is not sent while the control and audio paths 108 are unavailable due to re-convergence during a link failure.
- the packetized traffic is based on different traffic types (e.g., audio/voice packets, data packets) which are prioritized based on the precedence bits in the TOS byte 200 of the IP packet header in a manner which is known to those skilled in the art.
- traffic types e.g., audio/voice packets, data packets
- the packets arrive at the destination zone, they are sent to the appropriate end node(s) (e.g., audio flows down to the end nodes and the control traffic flows down to the zone controllers).
- any incoming/inbound or outgoing/outbound packet traversing a congested link results in the packet being marked with an congestion control value, and the marking is conveyed to the end node (e.g., user device; not shown) located in the zone of transmitting zone controller 102.
- the end node e.g., user device; not shown
- the exit router 104 n sets the appropriate congestion control value.
- FIG. 2 illustrates the type of service (TOS) byte 200 of the IP packet header.
- the TOS byte 200 of the IP packet header comprises eight bits (bits 0-7) and is currently defined in the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) standard RFC 3168.
- the combination of bits 6 and 7 of the TOS byte 200 is known in the art as an ECN field 204.
- the congestion control value located in the ECN field 204 is used to explicitly provide congestion information to the zone controller.
- ECN-Capable Transport (ECT) bit (e.g., Bit 6) allows the exit routers to determine whether or not end nodes are capable of Layer 3 congestion control and the congestion experienced (CE) bit (e.g., Bit 7) 208 is used to provide a mechanism for the exit routers to signal congestion to end node without dropping packets.
- ECT ECN-Capable Transport
- CE congestion experienced
- the congestion control value in the ECN field 204 has four settings which represent the congestion level: 01 for congestion, 10 for no congestion, 11 for oversubscription, and 00 for non-ECN capable transport.
- the exit router 104 sets the congestion control value to 01 to indicate congestion when the number of calls on a link increases to a point where audio may begin to experience enough delay to affect audio quality. This can occur under normal system operation.
- the congestion threshold should be determined to be the % utilization (or bytes of audio per sampling interval) at which the queuing delay of audio packets is at the limit of what is considered acceptable. When this limit is exceeded, no new calls are allowed to begin, but existing calls can continue.
- oversubscription is a higher % utilization than what is used for congestion. It is not expected to occur under normal system operation. It can occur when a link failure causes a large number of calls to be re-routed or when an unusually large number of calls begin within a very small period of time. At this point, all audio is severely affected and some immediate action must be taken to reduce the number of calls traversing the oversubscribed link, thus the exit router 104 sets the congestion level to 11.
- the exit router 104 sets the congestion level to 00 for non-ECN capable transports as an indication that the end nodes are not capable of detecting layer 3 congestion control as defined IETF standard (e.g., ECT bit 206).
- the addition of the ECN field 204 in the IP packet header 200 is used in the present invention to implement a closed-looped feedback control algorithm in the zone controllers 102 as further described in FIG. 3.
- the zone controllers 102 and exit routers 104 are viewed as components in the closed-loop feedback system, with each having the capability of controlling an output signal based on feedback from the network.
- the zone controllers 102 use the requested call loading along with the received congestion control value in the ECN field 204 to adjust the amount of traffic allowed on the network.
- the exit routers 104 use the amount of traffic it perceives to adjust the congestion control value in the ECN field 204 before it is sent to the zone controller 102.
- the zone controller 102 establishes all inter-zone link 106 throughout the network (at step 302), by transmitting a control packet with the congestion control level set to 01 to indicate no congestion as previously described in FIG. 2. After which, for each of inter- zone links 106, the zone controller 102 records the congestion control value of any incoming packets received from another zone over a predetermined period of time (e.g., 0-10 seconds; at step 304). The zone controller 102 then determines if an oversubscription is detected on one of inter-zone links (at step 306).
- a predetermined period of time e.g., 0-10 seconds
- the zone controller 102 detects an oversubscription of any of inter-zone links (at step 306), the zone controller 102 immediately terminates a predetermined percentage (e.g., 10%-50%) of active calls involving the oversubscribed inter-zone link(s) (at step 308). If the zone controller 102, however, does not detect an oversubscription of any of the inter-zone links (at step 306), the zone controller 102 determines if there is any congestion detected on any the inter-zone links 106 (at step 310). If the zone controller 102 detects congestion, the zone controller 102 allows all active calls to continue and busy/reject (i.e., deny) any new call requests involving the congested inter-zone link (at step 312). If the zone controller 102, however, does not detect congestion on any of its inter- zone links (at step 310), the zone controller 102 allows all active calls to continue and processes all new call requests accordingly (at step 314), assuming all other necessary resources are available.
- a predetermined percentage e.g.,
- the control and audio paths are bidirectional in nature, such that audio from one zone controller 102 to another zone controller 102 does not necessarily follow the same path as the audio in the other direction.
- two zone controllers 102 it is possible for two zone controllers 102 to arrive at different estimates of the inter- zone bandwidth available for audio traffic between the two zones. For example, it is possible for congestion/oversubscription to be detected from Zone4 102 4 to Zone2 102 2 , when there is no congestion/oversubscription detected on the reverse path from Zone2 102 2 to Zone4 102 4 .
- the algorithm implemented by the zone controller 102 has to provide a mechanism for the zone controllers 102 to know the congestion control value in both zones and use the worse value of the two.
- zone controllers 102 aware of the perceived congestion of other zones is accomplished by having all zone controllers 102 involved to determine their ability to participate in a call based on the congestion control value that it receives from the exit routers 104 as further described in FIG. 5.
- the inter-zone traffic resources are restricted appropriately whenever any congestion/oversubscription is experienced in the traffic flow between two zones (e.g., a call between Zone2 102 2 and Zone4 102 4 is busied/rejected if congestion is detected in either zone).
- the congestion control value is set by the exit routers 104 whenever the congestion control level is exceeded. Setting the congestion control value to the appropriate level provides a positive indication to the end nodes located in the various zones whenever congestion/oversubscription is experienced in the network by the traffic between the two zones, regardless of the location of the congestion. The positive indication of congestion/oversubscription in the network allows the end nodes to adjust their traffic flow rates appropriately without any direct knowledge of the network topology or inter-zone link speeds.
- FIG. 4 is a flow chart illustrating a link algorithm implemented by each exit routers 104 for detecting the congestion control level on an inter-zone link.
- an exit router 104 begins routing traffic to the inter-zone links 106 (at step 402).
- the exit router 104 determines a threshold based on the physical link speed or the committed information rate (CIR) for the connection and initializes all congestion control values to uncongested for each of its inter-zone links 106.
- the threshold for each of the inter-zone links is preferably established independently and is set as a percentage of the available physical bandwidth.
- each exit router 104 For each inter-zone link, each exit router 104 counts the number of bits of the highest priority traffic over a predetermined amount of time (e.g., 60msec- lOsec), (at step 406). It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the highest priority traffic is typically, but not always, audio/voice traffic. If an exit router 104 determines that the oversubscription threshold (e.g., 70-100% of the CIR) is exceeded (at step 408), the exit router 104 updates the stored congestion control value to indicate the oversubscription for the appropriate inter-zone link (at step 410) and loops back through the algorithm (starting at step 406).
- the oversubscription threshold e.g. 70-100% of the CIR
- the exit router 104 determines if the congestion threshold (e.g., 40-90% of the CIR) has been exceeded. If the exit router 104 has determined that the congestion threshold has been exceeded, the exit router 104 updates the stored congestion control value to indicate congestion for the appropriate inter-zone link 106 (at step 414) and loops back through the algorithm (starting at step 406).
- the congestion threshold e.g. 40-90% of the CIR
- the exit router 104 checks to see if the congestion cleared threshold (0-50%) has been exceeded (at step 416), if the congestion clear threshold has not been exceed, the exit router 104 updates the congestion control value to indicate that there is no congestion for the appropriate inter-zone link 106 (at step 418) and loops back through the algorithm (starting at step 406).
- the exit router link algorithm would count bytes of voice traffic sent on a given outgoing link for 500msec.
- the algorithm sets the congestion control value used by the exit router packet algorithm for the next 500msec depending on where this value falls relative to the calculated thresholds. At the end of the next 500msec, the number of bytes in that interval is measured again, and the congestion control value is updated.
- FIG. 5 is a flow chart illustrating a packet algorithm implemented by each exit router 104.
- the packet algorithm is used by the exit routers 104 to notify (e.g., transmitting) and update the zone controllers 102 of the congestion control value.
- the congestion feedback information which indicates the number of available inter- zone link resources used to determine the congestion window size
- the exit routers 104 are able to continually update the congestion control threshold.
- the exit router 104 performs the link algorithm as described in FIG. 4 on all of its inter-zone links 106 (step 502). For each incoming packet, the exit router 104 determines the congestion control value of the inbound packet based on the congestion control value (at step 504). If the congestion control value of the incoming packet(s) indicates an oversubscription (at step 506), the exit router 104 transmits the packet to the appropriate zone controller 102 with the congestion control value unchanged (at step 508). If the congestion control value of the incoming packet, however, does not indicate an oversubscription (at step 506), the exit router 104 determines whether the congestion control value indicates congestion (at step 510).
- the exit router 104 transmits the packet(s) with the congestion control value indicating an oversubscription (at step 514). If the inter-zone link 106 is not oversubscribed, the exit router 104 transmits the packet(s) with the congestion control value unchanged (loop back to step 508).
- the exit router 104 transmits the packet with the congestion control value indicating oversubscription (loop back to step 514). If the exit router 104, however, determines that there is no oversubscription or congestion, it transmits the packet(s) indicating no congestion (at step 520). If the inter-zone link 106 is congested (at step 516), the exit router 104 transmits the packet(s) with the congestion control value indicating that there is congestion (at step 522). Thus there are three possible congestions levels in order of increasing severity: uncongested, congested, over ⁇ subscribed.
- the exit router 104 transmits outbound packets indicating the worst of the detected congestion levels either based on the exit router algorithm or the incoming congestion control value in the packet. If the fourth value, non-ECN capable transport (00) is detected, it is allowed to pass through the network unchanged.
- bandwidth management devices can provide the functionality of the algorithms 300, 400, 500 other than the zone controllers 102 and the exit routers 104, as described above including but not limited to bandwidth management devices that would sit between the exit router 104 and a wide area network switch passing traffic through.
- the primary purpose of the bandwidth management devices would be to determine the congestion control value in the TOS byte 200 and notify the zone controllers 102 of its congestion control level via the appropriate inter-zone link, so that the zone controllers 102 can determine the available inter-zone resources (e.g., bandwidth resources).
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Data Exchanges In Wide-Area Networks (AREA)
- Telephonic Communication Services (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US10/890,002 US20060015639A1 (en) | 2004-07-13 | 2004-07-13 | Method for managing inter-zone bandwidth in a two-way messaging network |
PCT/US2005/024344 WO2006017194A2 (en) | 2004-07-13 | 2005-07-08 | Method for managing inter-zone bandwidth in a two-way messaging network |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1782236A2 true EP1782236A2 (de) | 2007-05-09 |
Family
ID=35600767
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP05769273A Pending EP1782236A2 (de) | 2004-07-13 | 2005-07-08 | Verfahren zur verwaltung der interzonen-bandbreite in einem zweiwege-nachrichtenübermittlungsnetz |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20060015639A1 (de) |
EP (1) | EP1782236A2 (de) |
JP (1) | JP2008507204A (de) |
CN (1) | CN101099145A (de) |
AU (1) | AU2005271912A1 (de) |
CA (1) | CA2573623A1 (de) |
RU (1) | RU2007105217A (de) |
WO (1) | WO2006017194A2 (de) |
Families Citing this family (14)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1447998A1 (de) * | 1999-12-30 | 2004-08-18 | Nortel Networks Limited | Adaptive Aufrechterhaltung der Dienstqualität (QoS) in einem verteilten PBX Netz |
US7990882B1 (en) | 1999-12-30 | 2011-08-02 | Avaya Inc. | Adaptively maintaining quality of service (QoS) in distributed PBX networks |
US7742499B1 (en) * | 2005-08-18 | 2010-06-22 | Nortel Networks Limited | Adaptive bandwidth network management for VOIP network |
GB2438454B (en) * | 2006-05-26 | 2008-08-06 | Motorola Inc | Method and system for communication |
US7961605B2 (en) * | 2006-07-31 | 2011-06-14 | International Business Machines Corporation | System and method for enabling management of a plurality of messages in a communication network |
US8194539B2 (en) * | 2007-06-27 | 2012-06-05 | Motorola Solutions, Inc. | System and method for monitoring congestion in communication systems |
US8553540B2 (en) | 2010-03-05 | 2013-10-08 | Microsoft Corporation | Congestion control for delay sensitive applications |
US8738986B2 (en) * | 2010-03-05 | 2014-05-27 | Microsoft Corporation | Remote presentation over lossy transport with forward error correction |
JP5373042B2 (ja) * | 2011-12-02 | 2013-12-18 | 日本電信電話株式会社 | ネットワーク障害検知方法及びネットワーク装置 |
CN103326951B (zh) * | 2013-06-25 | 2017-02-08 | 广东电网公司佛山供电局 | 电力通信网络的带宽控制方法及装置 |
US9419900B2 (en) * | 2013-12-31 | 2016-08-16 | International Business Machines Corporation | Multi-bit indicator set according to feedback based on an equilibrium length of a queue |
WO2016003332A1 (en) * | 2014-07-01 | 2016-01-07 | Telefonaktiebolaget L M Ericsson (Publ) | Methods and nodes for congestion control |
US11005770B2 (en) * | 2019-06-16 | 2021-05-11 | Mellanox Technologies Tlv Ltd. | Listing congestion notification packet generation by switch |
US11575609B2 (en) * | 2019-07-19 | 2023-02-07 | Intel Corporation | Techniques for congestion management in a network |
Family Cites Families (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US7099273B2 (en) * | 2001-04-12 | 2006-08-29 | Bytemobile, Inc. | Data transport acceleration and management within a network communication system |
KR100494562B1 (ko) * | 2002-11-26 | 2005-06-13 | 한국전자통신연구원 | 클래스 기반의 tcp 혼잡제어방법 |
US8339963B2 (en) * | 2003-08-27 | 2012-12-25 | Rockstar Consortium Us Lp | Technique for end-to-end admission control of real-time packet flows |
US20060015663A1 (en) * | 2004-07-15 | 2006-01-19 | International Business Machines Corporation | Wireless communications device for expanding storage capacity of portable electronic equipment |
US20060156639A1 (en) * | 2004-12-31 | 2006-07-20 | Allen L R | Flexible flashings for windows and the like |
-
2004
- 2004-07-13 US US10/890,002 patent/US20060015639A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
2005
- 2005-07-08 RU RU2007105217/09A patent/RU2007105217A/ru not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2005-07-08 EP EP05769273A patent/EP1782236A2/de active Pending
- 2005-07-08 AU AU2005271912A patent/AU2005271912A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2005-07-08 CA CA002573623A patent/CA2573623A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2005-07-08 JP JP2007521518A patent/JP2008507204A/ja not_active Withdrawn
- 2005-07-08 CN CNA2005800238998A patent/CN101099145A/zh active Pending
- 2005-07-08 WO PCT/US2005/024344 patent/WO2006017194A2/en active Application Filing
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO2006017194A2 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2006017194A3 (en) | 2007-08-09 |
AU2005271912A1 (en) | 2006-02-16 |
WO2006017194A2 (en) | 2006-02-16 |
US20060015639A1 (en) | 2006-01-19 |
CA2573623A1 (en) | 2006-02-16 |
CN101099145A (zh) | 2008-01-02 |
JP2008507204A (ja) | 2008-03-06 |
RU2007105217A (ru) | 2008-08-20 |
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