EP1779049B1 - Système de chauffage/refroidissement pour cathéter a demeure d'échange thermique - Google Patents

Système de chauffage/refroidissement pour cathéter a demeure d'échange thermique Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1779049B1
EP1779049B1 EP05779539.5A EP05779539A EP1779049B1 EP 1779049 B1 EP1779049 B1 EP 1779049B1 EP 05779539 A EP05779539 A EP 05779539A EP 1779049 B1 EP1779049 B1 EP 1779049B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pump
working fluid
bath
saline
temperature
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Application number
EP05779539.5A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP1779049A1 (fr
EP1779049A4 (fr
Inventor
Wayne Noda
Stelica Stelea
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Zoll Circulation Inc
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Zoll Circulation Inc
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Publication date
Priority claimed from US10/913,127 external-priority patent/US7287398B2/en
Application filed by Zoll Circulation Inc filed Critical Zoll Circulation Inc
Priority to EP10188614.1A priority Critical patent/EP2287549B1/fr
Priority to EP13154710.1A priority patent/EP2618080B1/fr
Publication of EP1779049A1 publication Critical patent/EP1779049A1/fr
Publication of EP1779049A4 publication Critical patent/EP1779049A4/fr
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Publication of EP1779049B1 publication Critical patent/EP1779049B1/fr
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D17/00—Arrangements for circulating cooling fluids; Arrangements for circulating gas, e.g. air, within refrigerated spaces
    • F25D17/02—Arrangements for circulating cooling fluids; Arrangements for circulating gas, e.g. air, within refrigerated spaces for circulating liquids, e.g. brine
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F7/00—Heating or cooling appliances for medical or therapeutic treatment of the human body
    • A61F7/0085—Devices for generating hot or cold treatment fluids
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F7/00—Heating or cooling appliances for medical or therapeutic treatment of the human body
    • A61F7/12—Devices for heating or cooling internal body cavities
    • A61F2007/126—Devices for heating or cooling internal body cavities for invasive application, e.g. for introducing into blood vessels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2400/00—General features or devices for refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating and refrigeration systems or heat-pump systems, i.e. not limited to a particular subgroup of F25B
    • F25B2400/01—Heaters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2600/00—Control issues
    • F25B2600/02—Compressor control
    • F25B2600/025—Compressor control by controlling speed
    • F25B2600/0253—Compressor control by controlling speed with variable speed
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
    • F25B2700/13—Mass flow of refrigerants
    • F25B2700/135—Mass flow of refrigerants through the evaporator
    • F25B2700/1351—Mass flow of refrigerants through the evaporator of the cooled fluid upstream or downstream of the evaporator

Definitions

  • the present invention relates generally to methods and apparatus for exchanging heat with the body of a patient.
  • the above-mentioned advantages in regulating temperature can be realized by cooling or heating the patient's entire body.
  • the present invention understands that since many patients already are intubated with central venous catheters for other clinically approved purposes anyway such as drug delivery and blood monitoring, providing a central venous catheter that can also cool or heat the blood requires no additional surgical procedures for those patients.
  • single purpose heat exchange catheters such as are made by Innercool Therapies of San Diego, CA and Radiant Medical of Portola Valley, CA can also be less optimally used.
  • United States Patent No. 6 581 403 discloses a heating/cooling system for an indwelling heat exchange catheter.
  • a heat exchange system for an indwelling heat exchange catheter includes a heat exchange bath that is configured to receive a conduit that carries working fluid to and from the catheter.
  • a heating/coolant fluid is disposed within the bath to exchange heat with the working fluid.
  • the heating/coolant fluid flows through a heat exchanger that includes a refrigerant and two or more compressors that are connected in parallel to each other.
  • a heating/coolant fluid pump circulates the heating/coolant fluid between the heat exchanger and the heat exchange bath.
  • the compressors are variable speed direct current (DC) compressors.
  • a positive displacement gear pump preferably pumps the working fluid, e.g., saline, to and from the catheter.
  • the pump is removably engaged with a motor.
  • a heat exchange system for an indwelling heat exchange catheter includes a heat exchange bath that is configured to receive a conduit that carries working fluid to and from the catheter.
  • a pump communicates with the conduit and pumps the working fluid to and from the catheter.
  • a fluid pump assembly in yet another aspect of the present invention, includes a pump support platform.
  • a pump is removably engaged with the pump support platform.
  • the pump pumps working fluid to and from an intravascular catheter.
  • a heat exchange system for an indwelling heat exchange catheter includes a heat exchange bath that is configured to receive a conduit that carries working fluid to and from the catheter.
  • a flow detector communicates with the conduit and detects when working fluid is flowing through the conduit.
  • a fluid flow detector in yet still another aspect of the present invention, includes a clear housing and a paddle wheel that is rotatably disposed within the housing.
  • the fluid flow detector further includes three infrared transmitter/receiver light emitting diode pairs. Each infrared transmitter/receiver light emitting diode pair establishes a signal path through the housing.
  • a patient heating/cooling system is shown and generally designated 10.
  • the system 10 includes three separate fluid circuits: a saline circuit (also referred to as the working fluid circuit), a water glycol circuit (also referred to as' the heating/cooling fluid circuit), and a refrigerant circuit (also referred to as the refrigerating fluid circuit.)
  • a saline circuit also referred to as the working fluid circuit
  • a water glycol circuit also referred to as' the heating/cooling fluid circuit
  • refrigerant circuit also referred to as the refrigerating fluid circuit.
  • an indwelling heat exchange catheter 12 that can be inserted into a patient 13 during an operation is connected to a heat exchange bath 14 by a saline supply line 16.
  • the supply line 16 is connected to a coiled or helical heat exchange tube 17 that is immersed in the bath 14 fluid to exchange heat therewith.
  • the heat exchange tube 17 is connected to a peristaltic tubing saline pump 18 by fluid line 20.
  • the saline pump 18 draws saline from a saline reservoir 22 via fluid line 24.
  • the saline reservoir 22 is disposed within a saline level detector 25 that, as described in detail below, helps control the saline pump 18 based on the level of saline in the level reservoir 22.
  • the saline pump 18 has four modes: a standby or off mode, two treatment modes (i.e., two treatment speeds), and an idle mode wherein the saline pump 18 operates very slowly, but does not stop. In the idle mode, the patient 13 is effectively thermally decoupled from the heating/cooling system 10.
  • a saline source 26 provides saline to the saline reservoir 22 via fluid line 28.
  • the saline source 26 is an intravenous (IV) bag and a line clamp 27 is installed on fluid line 28 between the saline source 26 and the saline reservoir 22. It is to be understood that after the saline reservoir 22 is filled the line clamp 27 is clamped on fluid line 28 to isolate the saline source 26 from the saline reservoir 22.
  • Figure 1 shows a saline return line 29 communicates saline from the catheter 12 to the saline reservoir 22 to complete the saline circuit. It is to be appreciated that the tubes 16, 17, 20, 24, and 29 can be provided as a disposable IV tubing set.
  • Figure 1 also shows a system controller 30 that is connected to the saline level detector 25 via electrical line 32 and electrical line 34, i.e., one for each infrared detector that is associated with the saline level detector 25 as described below.
  • the system controller 30 is also connected to a safety switch 36 of the saline pump 18 via electrical line 38.
  • the system controller 30 receives signals from the saline level detector 25 regarding the level of saline therein and uses this information to control the saline pump 18, including opening the safety switch 36 to de-energize the saline pump 18 under certain low saline level conditions.
  • saline is circulated to and from the catheter 12 through the helical heat exchange tube 17 in the heat exchange bath 14.
  • the heat exchange bath 14 is filled with heating/cooling fluid, preferably water glycol.
  • the water glycol can be heated or cooled in order to heat or cool the saline and thus, increase or decrease the temperature of the patient 13 into which the catheter 12 is inserted.
  • the preferred working fluid is saline, but any similar fluid well known in the art can be used.
  • the water glycol circuit communicates with a chiller/heater 40 via a water glycol supply line 42 and a water glycol return line 44.
  • a water glycol pump 46 is installed in the water glycol return line 44 to circulate water glycol through the water glycol circuit.
  • Figure 1 shows that the heat exchange bath 14 is also in fluid communication with a water glycol reservoir 47 installed within a water glycol level detector 48 via fluid line 50.
  • the water glycol level detector 48 is used to determine the level of water glycol within the heat exchange bath 14.
  • system controller 30 is connected to the chiller/heater 40 via electrical lines 52 and 54. Moreover, the system controller 30 is connected to a safety switch 55 at the water glycol pump 46 via electrical line 56 and to the coolant level detector 48 via electrical line 58 and electrical line 60. Thus, the system controller 30 can control the operation of the chiller/heater 40 based on signals from a temperature monitor, described below, and control the operation of the water glycol pump 46 based on level signals from infrared detectors, also described below, that are disposed within the water glycol level detector 48. As shown, the system controller 300 is also connected to a temperature sensor 57 placed at the outlet of the chiller/heater via electrical line 59. The controller 30 uses input from the temperature sensor 57 to control the chiller/heater 40 and other system 10 components.
  • the chiller/heater 40 can heat or cool the water glycol.
  • the water glycol exchanges heat with the saline.
  • the water glycol can be used to heat or cool saline and in turn, heat or cool the patient in which the catheter 12 is intubated.
  • water glycol is the preferred heating/cooling fluid. However, any other fluid with similar properties can be used.
  • a variable speed direct current (DC) compressor 62 is in fluid communication with the chiller/heater 40 via a refrigerant supply line 64 and a refrigerant return line 66. It is to be understood that the compressor 62 is filled with refrigerant, e.g., R134a.
  • a compressor controller 68 is connected to the compressor 62 via an electrical line 70.
  • the system controller 30 is connected to the compressor controller 68 via electrical line 72.
  • the compressor controller 68 is also connected to a heater, described below, within the chiller/heater 40 via electrical line 73.
  • the system controller 30 receives temperature signals from the temperature monitor, described below, and uses these signals to control the operation of the compressor 62 and the heater.
  • the compressor 62 is used to cool the water glycol that is pumped through the chiller/heater 40 by the water glycol pump 46.
  • a DC power supply 74 is connected to the system controller 30 by an electrical line 76.
  • the DC power supply 74 preferably is connected to an isolation transformer (XFMR) 78 by electrical line 80.
  • the XFMR 78 can be connected to an alternating current (AC) input 82, e.g., a standard one hundred and twenty volt (120V) wall outlet, via a power cord 84.
  • the system 10 can also be configured to work accommodate one hundred to two hundred and forty volts AC (100 - 240 VAC).
  • a temperature monitor 86 is connected to the system controller 30 via an electrical line 88.
  • a first patient temperature probe 90 and a second patient temperature probe 92 preferably are connected to the temperature monitor 86 via electrical lines 94 and 96, respectively.
  • the temperature monitor 86 uses the temperature probes 90, 92 to monitor the temperature of the patient 13.
  • the temperature monitor 86 sends signals to the system controller 30 representing the temperature of the patient 13. These signals are used by the system controller 30 to control the operation of the chiller/heater 40, the saline pump 18, and the DC compressor 62.
  • Figure 1 shows a display device 98 that is connected to the system controller 30 via electrical line 100 and electrical line 102.
  • the display device 98 provides a visual indication of the patient's temperature and the bath temperature.
  • the display device 98 can be used to output graphs of minute by minute patient temperature (for, e.g., twenty one days) and water glycol bath temperature.
  • the display device 98 can also be used to provide information regarding the cooling power required by the patient, whether the system is heating or cooling the bath, and at which rate, e.g., low, medium, or maximum, the system is heating or cooling the bath.
  • the display device 98 can display the current patient temperature and the patient target temperature.
  • the display device 98 also includes a control panel 104 to allow a user, i.e., a doctor or a nurse, to input data, such as a target patient temperature, to the system 10.
  • the preferred heat exchange bath 14 includes a bottom 110 having a generally cylindrical continuous sidewall 112 extending therefrom. As shown, the bottom 110 of the bath 14 is formed with a hole 114 and the water glycol supply line 42 is connected thereto. A preferably vertical standpipe 116 extends from the end of the water glycol supply line 42 into the interior of the bath 14. In a preferred embodiment, the standpipe 116 is perforated along its length with a series of four hole rings 118 out of which water glycol flows into the bath 14. These four hole rings 118 ensure radial movement of the water glycol through the heat exchange tubing 17, i.e., between and across the turns of the coil. It can be appreciated that in lieu of the standpipe 116, a small impeller (not shown) can be mounted on the bottom 110 of the bath 14 to circulate the water glycol therein.
  • a small impeller (not shown) can be mounted on the bottom 110 of the bath 14 to circulate the water glycol therein.
  • the generally spiral-shaped heat exchange tubing 17 is disposed within the bath 14 such that when the bath 14 is filled with water glycol the heat exchange tubing 17 is fully immersed in the water glycol.
  • Figure 2 shows that the saline supply line 16 is connected to one end of the heat exchange tubing 17.
  • the fluid line 20 from the saline pump 18 is connected to the other end of the heat exchange tubing 17.
  • four vertical stanchions 122 extend up from the bottom 110 of the bath 14 and touch the outer surface of the tubing set 120.
  • the heat exchange tubing 17 can rest against the sidewall 112 of the bath 14.
  • FIG. 2 further shows that the bath 14 is covered by a lid 124.
  • the bottom of the lid 124 is spaced above the top of the water glycol within the bath 14 in order to establish a dead air space 126 between the lid 124 and the water glycol.
  • This dead air space 126 acts as an insulator to minimize parasitic heat loads, control the evaporation of the water glycol, and prevent progressive overfilling of the bath 14 by condensation from the ambient air.
  • the lid 124 can be sealed against the wall 112 by a resilient, preferably silicone, gasket 128.
  • the saline level detector 25 includes a housing 130 that is preferably made from acetal, e.g., Delrin® manufactured by E.I. Dupont De Nemours & Co. of Delaware.
  • the housing 130 is formed with a preferably "U" shaped central bore 132 in which the preferably clear saline reservoir 22 is disposed.
  • Figure 3 shows that the housing is formed with a first transverse bore 134, a second transverse bore 136, and a third transverse bore 138 leading to the central bore 132.
  • the saline level detector 25 includes a light emitter, e.g., an infrared light emitting diode (IR LED) 140, that is mounted in the first bore 134 on one side of the level detector 22.
  • IR LED infrared light emitting diode
  • two light detectors such as a first IR detector 142 and a second IR detector 144, are placed on the opposite side of the saline level detector 25 from the LED 140 within the second and third transverse bores 136, 138.
  • the detectors 142, 144 are photodiodes or phototransistors.
  • IR LED 140 and the IR detectors 142, 144 are coplanar.
  • the IR LED 140 emits an IR light beam that can be detected by the first IR detector 142 if the saline level is below a predetermined level, e.g., the level of the IR LED 140 and the IR detectors 142, 144.
  • a predetermined level e.g., the level of the IR LED 140 and the IR detectors 142, 144.
  • the IR light .beam takes the path toward the first IR detector 142 as indicated by the dashed line 146.
  • the IR light beam is refracted so that it is detected by the second IR detector 144. In this case, the IR light beam takes the path indicated by line 148.
  • the IR light beam can be modulated, i.e. pulsed, e.g., at nine and a half kiloHertz (9.5 kHz), to avoid false detections caused, e.g., by other light sources placed in the same room as the level detector 25 and/or bubbles in the saline reservoir 22.
  • the first IR detector 142 and second IR detector 144 can be connected to upper and lower tone detectors 150, 152, respectively, which output signals only when they receive an input of, e.g., 9.5 kHz. It can be appreciated that when the saline level within the level detector falls below a predetermined level, the controller 30 can activate an alarm at the display device 98.
  • the alarm can include a visible alarm, e.g., a light, or an audible alarm, e.g., a buzzer.
  • a visible alarm e.g., a light
  • an audible alarm e.g., a buzzer.
  • the controller 30 can de-energize the saline pump 18 by opening the safety switch 36.
  • FIG. 4 shows the details regarding one preferred, non-limiting implementation of the chiller/heater 40.
  • the chiller/heater 40 is a shell-and-tube heat exchanger having a lower chamber 160, an upper chamber 162, and plural tubes 164 communicating water glycol therebetween. It is to be understood that water glycol flows into the lower chamber 160, up the tubes 164, into to the upper chamber 162, and out of the upper chamber 162 to the heat exchange bath 14. Refrigerant, e.g., R134a, flows around the tubes 164 to cool the water glycol therein.
  • a resistive heater element 166 is disposed in the lower chamber 160 and extends partially up an enlarged center tube 168 for heating the water glycol in the chiller/heater 60.
  • the heater element 166 can include a built-in thermocouple temperature sensor 170 that can be used as described in detail below to determine if glycol is flowing through the chiller/heater 60. It is to be appreciated that in a less preferred embodiment the chiller/heater 40 and the heat exchange bath 14 can be combined into a single unit. Moreover, it is to be appreciated that the temperature sensor 170 can be connected to the system controller.
  • T pt the patient temperature
  • T target the patient target temperature
  • T bath the bath temperature
  • T pt is received from the temperature monitor 86, specifically from the second temperature probe 92.
  • ⁇ T a temperature differential
  • decision diamond 204 it is determined whether the absolute value of ⁇ T is less than a predetermined amount, e.g., one tenth of a degree Celsius (0.1 °C).
  • the logic moves to block 206 where the system 10 enters maximum cooling mode or maximum warming mode. It is to be understood that if ⁇ T is negative the saline pump 18 is brought to full speed, the compressor 62 is turned on at high speed, and the heater 166 is turned off to cool the patient. Conversely, if ⁇ T is positive, the saline pump 18 is brought to full speed, the compressor 62 is turned off, and the heater 166 is turned on to warm the patient.
  • the logic moves to decision diamond 210 where it is determined whether the absolute value of dT pt/ dt is greater than thirty six hundredths of a degree Celsius per hour (0.36 °C/hr). If not, the logic continues to block 212 and a new T bath is determined.
  • the new T bath is determined based on the rate of change of patient temperature. A higher rate of change results in a new T bath that is further away from the current T bath and a lower rate of change results in a new T bath that is closer to the current T bath .
  • dT pt /dt is indeed greater than 0.36 °C/hr and negative, meaning that the patient 13 is being rapidly cooled and does not require saline circulation through the catheter.
  • the logic moves to block 214 where the saline pump 18 is idled. Thereafter, the logic moves to 212 and a new T bath is determined.
  • the logic proceeds to block 216, wherein the compressor 62 and chiller/heater 40 are operated in accordance with the rules set forth below to achieve the new T bath .
  • the saline pump 18 is selectively idled per the following rules:
  • Figure 6 shows the linear mode operation logic of the present invention.
  • a do loop is entered wherein while in the linear mode, the succeeding steps are performed.
  • several "fail safe" tests are monitored for to revert to maximum cooling or heating in the event that a rapid patient temperature change occurs. For instance, at decision diamond 232, if it is determined that ⁇ T is greater than one half a degree Celsius (0.5 °C) and has a negative sign, the system exits linear mode and enters maximum cooling mode at block 234.
  • ⁇ T is positive and greater than three tenths of a degree Celsius (0.3 °C)
  • the logic moves to block 238 where the linear mode is exited and the maximum warming mode is entered.
  • dT pt/ dt is determined using the equation described above.
  • dT pt /dt is greater than seven tenths of a degree Celsius per hour (0.7 °C/hr) for the last ten (10) minutes. If so, the logic moves to block 234 where the linear mode is exited and the maximum cooling mode is entered. If dT pt /dt is less than 0.7 °C/hr for the last 10 minutes, the logic returns to decision diamond 232 and continues as described above.
  • the control logic of the compressor commences at block 250 with a do loop, wherein after a new T bath is determined, the following steps are performed.
  • decision diamond 252 it is determined whether the new T bath is greater than the current T bath . If the new T bath is lower than the current T bath , the logic moves to block 254 and the heater 166 is deactivated while the compressor 62 is activated at maximum speed to cool the water glycol.
  • decision diamond 256 it is determined whether the current bath temperature is within a predetermined range, e.g., two-tenths degrees Celsius (0.2 °C) of the new T bath . If not, the logic moves to block 258 where the cooling of the water glycol is continued. The logic then returns to decision diamond 256. If the current bath temperature is within the predetermined range of the new T bath , the logic moves to block 260 wherein the compressor speed is progressively reduced.
  • a predetermined range e.g., two-tenths degrees Celsius (0.2 °C) of the new T bath .
  • the logic moves to decision diamond 262 where it is determined whether the current temperature is stable at the new T bath . If so, the logic moves to block 264 and the compressor 62 is held at the current speed to maintain the temperature at the new T bath . If, at decision diamond 262, the temperature has not stabilized at the new T bath , the logic moves to decision diamond 266 where it is determined whether the minimum compressor speed has been reached. If the minimum compressor speed has not been reached, the logic returns to block 260 and continues as described above. Conversely, if the minimum compressor speed has been reached, the logic moves to block 268 where the heater power is progressively increased.
  • the logic continues to decision diamond 270 where it is determined if the current temperature has stabilized at the new T bath . If not, the logic returns to block 268 where the heater power continues to be progressively increased. If, on the other hand, the current temperature has stabilized at T bath the logic moves to block 272 where the current power is maintained. Thereafter, the logic moves to block 264 where the compressor is idled at the current speed, in this case the lowest speed, in order to maintain the temperature at T bath . In a preferred, non-limiting embodiment, the lowest temperature to which the bath can be commanded is one-half degree Celsius (0.5 °C).
  • the logic proceeds to decision diamond 274 where it is determined whether the new T bath is less than or equal to a predetermined upper bath limit, e.g., forty two degrees Celsius (42 °C). If the new T bath is less than the upper bath limit, the logic moves to Figure 8 . However, if the new T bath is equal to the upper bath limit, the logic moves to Figure 9 .
  • a predetermined upper bath limit e.g., forty two degrees Celsius (42 °C).
  • the logic proceeds to block 276 where the compressor 62 is activated at minimum speed and the heater 166 is activated at maximum power. From block 276, the logic moves to decision diamond 278 where it is determined if the current temperature is within a predetermined range, e.g., two-tenths degrees Celsius (0.2 °C) of the new T bath . If not, the logic proceeds to block 280 and the heating of the water glycol is continued. If the temperature is within the predetermined range, the logic continues to block 282 where the heater power is progressively reduced.
  • a predetermined range e.g., two-tenths degrees Celsius (0.2 °C)
  • decision diamond 284 it is determined whether the current temperature has stabilized at the new T bath . If the current temperature has stabilized at the new T bath , the current heater power is maintained to maintain the temperature at the new T bath . On the other hand, if the current temperature has not stabilized, the logic proceeds to decision diamond 288 where it is determined if the heater duty cycle is equal to zero (0). If not, the logic returns to block 282 where the progressive reduction of the heater power is continued.
  • the logic moves to Figure 9 .
  • the compressor is deactivated and the heater is activated at maximum power.
  • the logic moves to decision diamond 298 where it is determined whether the temperature is within a predetermined range, e.g., two-tenths degrees Celsius (0.2 °C), of the new T bath . If not, the heating of the water glycol is continued at block 300. If the current temperature is within 3 °C of the new T bath , the logic proceeds to block 302 where the power of the heater 166 is progressively reduced. Then, at decision diamond 304, it is determined whether the temperature has stabilized at the new T bath .
  • a predetermined range e.g., two-tenths degrees Celsius (0.2 °C)
  • the logic continues to decision diamond 308 where it is determined whether the heater duty cycle has reached zero (0). If the heater duty cycle has not reached zero, the logic returns to block 302 where the progressive reduction of the heater power is continued. On the other hand, if the heater duty cycle has reached zero, the compressor 62 is briefly cycled in order to cool the water glycol. Next, at decision diamond 312, it is again determined whether the temperature has stabilized at the new T bath . If not, the logic returns to block 310 and the compressor is again briefly cycled to cool the water glycol. If, at decision diamond 312, the temperature has stabilized at the new T bath , the logic moves to block 306 and ends.
  • the system described above has two nested closed-loop controllers: an outer loop and an inner loop.
  • the outer loop is directly responsible for controlling the patient temperature and is driven by the temperature difference between T target and T pt .
  • the inner loop is directly responsible for the coolant temperature, i.e., T bath , that is established by the system controller 30.
  • the outer loop logic i.e., the overall operation logic and linear mode operation logic describe above, resides in the system controller 30.
  • the inner loop control logic i.e., the compressor control logic described above, resides in the compressor controller 68.
  • the compressor controller 68 controls the compressor 62 and the heater 166, as described above, in order to achieve the new T bath .
  • the compressor controller 68 has two means of control over the compressor 62. First, it can turn the power to compressor 62 on and off via a solid-state DC relay. Second, it can modulate the compressor speed between a maximum value, e.g., thirty five hundred revolutions per minute (3,500 RPM), and a minimum value, e.g., two thousand revolutions per minute (2,000 RPM).
  • a maximum value e.g., thirty five hundred revolutions per minute (3,500 RPM)
  • a minimum value e.g., two thousand revolutions per minute (2,000 RPM).
  • the compressor controller 68 has only duty-cycle control over the heater 166.
  • the compressor controller 68 can modulate the heater power anywhere between zero percent (0 %), i.e., off, and one hundred percent (100 %), i.e., on.
  • the heater 166 has a fixed one second (1 s) pulse period.
  • the heater 166 has a maximum power of two hundred and forty watts (240 w).
  • a fifty percent (50 %) duty cycle corresponds to one hundred and twenty watts (120 w) of time-averaged input power to the water glycol and a twenty five percent (25 %) duty cycle would correspond to sixty watts (60 w) of time-averaged input power.
  • FIG 10 shows one exemplary, non-limiting graph of T pt , represented by line 320, and T bath , represented by line 322, plotted versus time.
  • the patient is initially in a hyperthermic state, i.e., the patient has a fever of thirty-nine degrees Celsius (39 °C).
  • the patient is cooled from 39 °C toward a T target equal to thirty-six and one-half degrees Celsius (36.5 °C) preferably over a three hour period at a rate of eight tenths of a degree Celsius per hour (0.80 °C/hr). This can be achieved by entering a maximum cooling mode where the T bath is one-half a degree Celsius (0.5 °C).
  • the saline pump 18 preferably is idled to thermally de-couple the patient 13 from the cooling system 10 and the T bath is increased, e.g., by energizing the heater 166, to approximately twenty-five degrees Celsius (25 °C).
  • T pt will discontinue the rapid decrease described above while T bath is increased.
  • the saline pump 18 is returned to full speed to thermally couple the patient 13 to the cooling system 20.
  • the higher T bath slows the rate at which the patient 13 is cooled and helps to maintain T pt in a state of equilibrium near T target , e.g., within one-tenth of a degree Celsius (0.1 °C) of T target .
  • T bath can be slightly increased or decreased, e.g., less than five degrees Celsius (5 °C), as shown in order to maintain T pt in the state of equilibrium described above.
  • a patient heating / cooling system is shown and generally designated 410. Similar to the above-described system 10, the system 410 shown in Figure 11 includes three separate fluid circuits: a saline circuit (also referred to as the working fluid circuit), a water glycol circuit (also referred to as the heating/cooling fluid circuit), and a refrigerant circuit (also referred to as the refrigerating fluid circuit.)
  • a saline circuit also referred to as the working fluid circuit
  • a water glycol circuit also referred to as the heating/cooling fluid circuit
  • refrigerant circuit also referred to as the refrigerating fluid circuit.
  • an indwelling heat exchange catheter 412 that can be inserted into a patient 413 during an operation is connected to a heat exchange bath 414 by a saline supply line 416.
  • the supply line 416 is connected to a coiled or helical heat exchange tube 417 that is immersed in the bath fluid to exchange heat therewith.
  • the heat exchange tube 417 is connected an air trap vessel 418 by fluid line 420.
  • the air trap vessel 418 is surrounded by an air trap detector 419. As shown, the air trap vessel 418 is connected to a saline pump 422 by fluid line 424.
  • the air trap detector 419 is identical in construction to the saline level detector 25 described above and shown in Figure 3 and can be used to detect when air is introduced into the working fluid circuit downstream from the pump 422, e.g., by the pump 422 itself. Accordingly, if air is detected in the air trap vessel 418, the pump 422 is immediately shut down by a controller in accordance with the principles discussed earlier.
  • a saline source 426 provides saline to the pump 422 via fluid line 427.
  • Figure 11 shows a saline return line 428 that communicates saline from the catheter 412 to the saline reservoir 426 to complete the saline circuit.
  • a saline flow detector 429 is installed along the saline return line 428 between the catheter 412 and the saline reservoir 426.
  • Figure 11 shows that the saline flow detector 429 provides feedback to the system controller, described below, via electrical line 425.
  • Figure 11 also shows a system controller 430 that is connected to the air trap detector 419 via electrical line 432 and electrical line 434, i.e., one for each infrared detector that is associated with the air trap detector 419.
  • the system controller 430 is also connected to a safety switch 436 of the saline pump 422 via electrical line 438.
  • the system controller 430 receives signals from the air trap detector 419 regarding the level of saline therein and uses this information to control the saline pump 422, including opening the safety switch 436 to de-energize the saline pump 422 under certain low saline level conditions. It is to be understood that within the saline circuit, saline is circulated to and from the catheter 412 through the helical heat exchange tube 417 in the heat exchange bath 414.
  • the water glycol circuit communicates with a chiller/heater 440 via a water glycol supply line 442 and a water glycol return line 444.
  • a water glycol pump 446 is installed in the water glycol supply line 442 to circulate water glycol through the water glycol circuit.
  • Figure 11 shows that the heat exchange bath 414 is also in fluid communication with a water glycol reservoir 447 via fluid line 450.
  • the water glycol reservoir is installed within a water glycol level detector 448.
  • the water glycol level detector 448 can be used to determine the level of water glycol within the heat exchange bath 414.
  • system controller 430 is connected to the chiller/heater 440 via electrical lines 452 and 454. Moreover, the system controller 430 is connected to the coolant level detector 448 via electrical line 458 and electrical line 460. Thus, the system controller 430 can control the operation of the chiller/heater 440 based on signals from a temperature monitor, described below, and control the operation of the water glycol pump 446 based on level signals from the infrared detectors that are disposed within the water glycol level detector 448. As shown, the system controller 430 is also connected to a temperature sensor 457 placed at the outlet of the chiller/heater via electrical line 459. The controller 430 uses input from the temperature sensor 457 to control the chiller/heater 440 and other system 410 components.
  • the chiller/heater 440 can heat or cool the water glycol.
  • the water glycol exchanges heat with the saline.
  • the water glycol can be used to heat or cool saline and in turn, heat or cool the patient in which the catheter 412 is installed.
  • water glycol is the preferred heating/cooling fluid. However, any other fluid with similar properties can be used.
  • a variable speed direct current (DC) compressor 462 is in fluid communication with the chiller/heater 440 via a refrigerant supply line 464 and a refrigerant return line 466. It is to be understood that the compressor 462 is filled with refrigerant, e.g., R134a.
  • a compressor controller 468 is connected to the compressor 462 via an electrical line 470.
  • the system controller 430 is connected to the compressor controller 468 via electrical line 472.
  • the compressor controller 468 is also connected to a heater ( Figure 4 ) within the chiller/heater 440 via electrical line 473.
  • system controller 430 receives temperature signals from the temperature monitor, described below, and uses these signals to control the operation of the compressor 462 and the heater.
  • the compressor 462 is used to cool the water glycol that is pumped through the chiller/heater 440 by the water glycol pump 446.
  • a DC power supply 474 is connected to the system controller 430 by an electrical line 476.
  • the DC power supply 474 preferably is connected to an isolation transformer (XFMR) 478 by electrical line 480.
  • the XFMR 478 can be connected to an alternating current (AC) input 482, e.g., a standard one hundred and twenty volt (120V) wall outlet, via a power cord 484.
  • AC alternating current
  • 120V standard one hundred and twenty volt
  • a temperature monitor 486 is connected to the system controller 430 via an electrical line 488.
  • a first patient temperature probe 490 and a second patient temperature probe 492 preferably are connected to the temperature monitor 486 via electrical lines 494 and 496, respectively.
  • the temperature monitor 486 uses the temperature probes 490, 492 to monitor the temperature of the patient 413.
  • the temperature monitor 486 sends signals to the system controller 430 representing the temperature of the patient 413. These signals are used by the system controller 430 to control the operation of the chiller/heater 440, the saline pump 418, and the DC compressor 462.
  • Figure 11 shows a display device 498 that is connected to the system controller 430 via electrical line 500 and electrical line 502.
  • the display device 498 can provide a visual indication of the patient's temperature and the bath temperature.
  • the display device 498 can be used to output graphs of minute by minute patient temperature (for, e.g., twenty one days) and water glycol bath temperature.
  • the display device 498 can also be used to provide information regarding the cooling power required by the patient, whether the system is heating or cooling the bath, and at which rate, e.g., low, medium, or maximum, the system is heating or cooling the bath. Further, the display device 498 can display the current patient temperature and the patient target temperature.
  • the display device 498 also includes a control panel 504 to allow a user, i.e., a doctor or a nurse, to input data, such as a target patient temperature, to the system 410.
  • FIG. 12 an alternative refrigerating fluid circuit is shown and is generally designated 600.
  • the refrigerating fluid circuit 600 includes a first compressor 602 and a second compressor 604 that are connected in parallel to each other and connected in series to a condenser 606 and an evaporator 608.
  • An expansion valve 610 is also connected between the condenser 606 and the evaporator 608 to complete the fluid circuit.
  • glycol is pumped to and from the evaporator 608 from a glycol bath.
  • the compressors 602, 604 are variable speed direct current (dc) compressors that can be controlled by a controller, e.g., a computer or any other microprocessor.
  • dc direct current
  • the controller preferably includes an algorithm that can prevent either compressor from being energized when the other compressor is fully loaded. It can be appreciated that the two compressors 602, 604 working in parallel with each other increase the cooling power of the refrigerating fluid circuit 600.
  • FIGS 13 and 14 show an exemplary, non-limiting saline pump assembly, generally designated 650.
  • the pump assembly 650 includes a diaphragm pump 652 that is removably engaged with a pump support platform 654.
  • the pump 652 is similar to the high efficiency diaphragm pump disclosed in U.S. Patent Numbers 5,791,882 and 5,800,136 .
  • Figure 13 shows that the pump support platform 654 includes an upper plate 656 and a lower plate 658 that, in a preferred embodiment, are attached to each other, e.g., by threaded fasteners. As shown in Figure 13 , plural feet 660 extend from the lower plate 658 and provide stable support for the pump support platform 654. Figure 13 also shows that a pump drive assembly 662 is incorporated into the lower plate 658 of the pump support platform 654.
  • the pump drive assembly 662 includes a motor and a drive shaft, described below, that extends through the upper plate 656 of the pump support platform 654 and engages the pump 650.
  • the pump support platform 654 includes a quick-release locking arm 664 that prevents the pump 652 from being disengaged with the pump support platform 654 - unless the locking arm 664 is rotated to release the pump 652.
  • Figures 14 and 15 also show that the pump support platform 654 includes an overflow bore 665 through which any saline that may leak from the pump 652 can flow.
  • Figure 14 further shows that the pump 652 includes an inlet 666 and an outlet 668.
  • the pump 652 i.e., the outlet 668 thereof, can be connected to the air trap vessel 418 ( Figure 11 ) that is downstream from the pump 652.
  • FIG. 15 shows that the upper plate 656 of the pump support platform 654 is formed with a generally cylindrical pump locking bore 672.
  • the outer periphery of the pump locking bore 672 is radially formed with a first slot 674, a second slot 676, and a third slot 678.
  • each slot 674, 676, 678 is equally spaced around the outer periphery of the pump locking bore 672.
  • each slot 674, 676, 678 is curved to match the radius of curvature of the pump locking bore 672 and each slot 674, 676, 678 terminates in a semi-cylindrical bay 680, 682, 684.
  • FIG 15 also shows that a drive shaft 686 extends from the pump drive assembly 662 ( Figure 13 ) through the upper plate 656. It is to be understood that the pump drive assembly 662 includes a motor 687 for rotating the drive shaft 686. The motor 687 can be directly connected to the drive shaft 686, as shown, or it can be geared thereto.
  • Figure 16 shows further details concerning the construction of the pump 652.
  • the pump 652 includes a generally cylindrical lower housing 688.
  • a first generally cylindrical leg 690, a second generally cylindrical leg 692, and a third generally cylindrical leg 694 are equally spaced around the periphery of the lower housing 688.
  • Figure 16 shows that the pump 652 further includes a drive shaft receptacle 696 into which the drive shaft 686 ( Figure 15 ) extends when the pump 652 is removably engaged with the pump support platform 654. It is to be understood that the drive shaft 686 is keyed to the drive shaft receptacle 696.
  • the pump 652 can be engaged with the pump support platform 654 by aligning the cylindrical legs 690, 692, 694 with the semi-cylindrical bays 680, 682, 684 established by the pump locking bore 672.
  • the drive shaft 686 is also aligned with the drive shaft receptacle 696.
  • the pump 652 can be slid toward the pump support platform 654 until the lower housing 688 of the pump 652 contacts the upper plate 656 of the pump support platform 654.
  • the pump 652 is then rotated within the pump locking bore 672 until each leg 690, 692, 694 of the pump 652 reaches a respective end of each slot 674, 676, 678 formed by the pump locking bore 672.
  • one leg 690, 692, 694 of the pump 652 rides against and then past the quick-release locking arm 664 until the quick-release locking arm 664 clears the leg 690, 692, 694 and snaps under spring bias to a position to prevent the pump 652 from being removed from the pump support platform 654.
  • a pump 652 can be easily engaged and disengaged with the pump support platform 654 during use.
  • a first sterilized pump can be used in conjunction with the treatment of a first patient.
  • the now-used pump can be removed and replaced with a second sterilized pump to be used in conjunction with the treatment of a second patient.
  • the pump support platform 654 (and the motor therein) need not be replaced for each new pump and the costs of utilizing the heat/cooling system of the present invention are reduced.
  • a saline pump assembly 700 includes a pump support platform 702 and a positive displacement gear pump 704.
  • the gear pump 704 can incorporate some or all of the features set forth in U.S. Patent Numbers 6,270,324 ; 6,210,138 ; 6,158,994 ; 5,494,416 ; 5,219,274 ; 5,165,868 ; and 4,065,235 .
  • the pump support platform 702 includes a pump drive motor 706 that is preferably a brushless, direct current motor.
  • Figures 17 and 18 show that the pump support platform 702 includes a first support collar 708 and a second support collar 710 that fit into a generally cylindrical pump locking bore 712 formed in the support platform 702.
  • Plural fasteners 714 can be used to affix the support collars 708, 710 to the support platform 702.
  • the gear pump 704 fits into the support collars after they are inserted in the bore 712.
  • a first spring loaded ball plunger 715 and a second spring loaded ball plunger 716 are provided and can be used to removably engage the gear pump 704 with the support platform 702.
  • One or more alignment pins 713 can be used to properly align the gear pump 704 when it is engaged with the support platform 702.
  • the ball plungers 715, 716 engage a metal flange 717 around the gear pump 704 and provide a downward force on the metal flange 717 in order to keep the gear pump 704 installed in the support platform 702.
  • each optical sensor 718, 719 includes an emitter (not shown) and a detector (not shown) that are configured to transmit an optical signal toward the space in which the gear pump 704 occupies when it is properly installed and detect reflection from the gear pump 704 when it is, indeed, properly installed.
  • Figure 18 further shows that the gear pump 704 includes a cylindrical magnet 720 that extends from the gear pump 704. It is to be understood that the cylindrical magnet 720 is attached to a drive shaft (not shown) within the gear pump 704 and as the cylindrical magnet 720 rotates it rotates the drive shaft. Further, the motor 706 includes a cup-shaped magnet 722 that is sized and shaped to receive the cylindrical magnet 720 and magnetically engage the cylindrical magnet 720. The cup-shaped magnet 722 is coupled to a drive shaft (not shown) within the motor 706 and the motor 706 can be energized to rotate the cup-shaped magnet 722.
  • the gear pump 704 can be removably engaged with the support platform 702.
  • the cylindrical magnet 720 is magnetically coupled to the cup-shaped magnet 722. Accordingly, as the cup-shaped magnet 722 is rotated by the motor 706 it causes the cylindrical magnet 720 to rotate and which, in turn, causes the gear pump 704 to pump fluid therethrough.
  • the gear pump 704 includes a bypass relief valve (not shown) that opens on high pressure.
  • a bypass relief valve the magnets 720, 722 can be magnetized such that the magnetic coupling established therebetween can be broken under conditions of overpressure.
  • the speed of the pump 704 can be established for the desired heat exchange rate.
  • the flow detector 800 includes a preferably clear, plastic housing 802 having an inlet 804 and an outlet 806.
  • a lightweight, preferably plastic paddle wheel 808 is installed within the housing 802 on an axle 810.
  • the paddle wheel 808 includes a central hub 812 from which preferably three opaque, plastic paddles 814 extend radially (it is to be understood that each paddle 814 includes a pair of opposing paddle blades).
  • the paddles 814 are positioned around the hub 812 approximately one-hundred and twenty degrees (120°) from each other. It can be appreciated that fluid flowing from the inlet 804 to the outlet 806 flows tangential to the paddle wheel 808 and causes it to spin.
  • three opaque walls 815 are formed around the paddle wheel 808 between alternating pairs of adjacent paddle blades.
  • IR T/R LED infrared transmitter/receiver light emitting diode
  • the IR T/R LED pairs 816 are positioned on an imaginary circle concentric with the axle 810.
  • the IR T/R LED pairs are arranged so that a center pair 816 is aligned with the axle 810 and two side pairs 816 flank the center pair 816.
  • Each side pair is approximately plus-or-minus sixty-four degrees ( ⁇ 64°) from the center pair 816 on the imaginary circle. This arrangement insures that regardless of the position of the pin wheel 808, one of the three signal paths established by the IR T/R LED pairs 816 through the housing 802 is always unblocked by the paddle wheel 808.
  • FIG. 19 further shows that each IR T/R LED pair 816 is connected to a processor 818 that, in turn, is connected to a system controller 820.
  • the processor 818 includes a program that, based on the signals received from the IR T/R LED pairs 816, allows the processor 818 to determine if the paddle wheel 808 is rotating and fluid is flowing through the housing and accordingly, the working fluid circuit. If not, an alarm can be activated.
  • Figure 20 shows the saline flow detection logic that commences at block 850 wherein the flow detector 800 is energized, i.e., its power is turned on.
  • decision diamond 852 it is determined whether pulses are being received at the processor 818.
  • the pulses represent motion of the paddle wheel 808, i.e., the motion of the paddles through the light beams established by the IR T/R LED pairs 816. If there are indeed pulses, the logic moves to decision diamond 854 where it is determined whether a timer has expired. If the timer has not expired, the logic loops back to decision diamond 852 and continues as described above. If so, the logic moves to block 856 and an "optics error" message is presented to the user. The logic then ends at state 858.
  • the logic moves to decision diamond 860 where it is determined whether all three IR T/R LED pairs 816 are on. If so, the logic moves to decision diamond 862 where it is determined if all three IR T/R LED pairs 816 are operating properly. This can be determined, e.g., by sequentially toggling the IR T/R LED pairs 816 on and off. If it is determined that the IR T/R LED pairs 816 are not operating properly, the logic moves to block 856 where an "optics error" message is presented to the user. The logic then ends at state 858. Otherwise, an "optics ok, no pinwheel” message is presented to the user. The logic then ends at state 858.
  • decision diamond 860 if all three IR T/R LED pairs 816 are not on, the logic moves to decision diamond 866 where it is determined if two out of three of the IR T/R LED pairs 816 are on. If so, the logic moves to decision diamond 868 where it is determined whether the two IR T/R LED pairs 816 are operating properly, e.g., by toggling the two IR T/R LED pairs 816 on and off. If the two IR T/R LED pairs 816 are not operating properly, the logic moves to block 856 where an "optics error" message is presented to the user. The logic then ends at state 858.
  • the logic moves to decision diamond 870 where it is determined if signal pulses are present. If not, the logic moves to block 872 where a "no flow" message is presented to the user. The logic then loops back to decision diamond 870.
  • decision diamond 870 if pulses are present, the logic moves to decision diamond 874 where it is determined if all three IR T/R LED pairs 816 are operating properly. If so, an "optics ok, flow” message is indicated to the user at block 876. Otherwise, an "optics warning, flow” message is indicated to the user at block 878. From block 876 or block 878, the logic moves to block 880 where it is determined if pulses are present. If pulses are indeed present, the logic returns to decision diamond 874 and continues as described above. Conversely, if pulses are not present, the logic proceeds to block 882 where a "no flow" message is presented to the user. The logic then ends at state 858.
  • decision diamond 884 it is determined if one IR T/R LED pair 816 is on. If not, the logic proceeds to block 856 where an "optics error" is presented to the user. The logic then ends at state 858. If the IR T/R LED pair 816 is on, the logic moves to decision diamond 886 where it is determined whether the IR T/R LED pair 816 is operational. If the IR T/R LED pair 816 is not operational, the logic continues to block 856 where an "optics error" is presented to the user. The logic then ends at state 858. If the IR T/R LED pair 816 is operating properly, the logic moves to decision diamond 870 and continues as described above.
  • the flow detector 800 can indicate flow through the working fluid circuit only if signal pulses are output by the flow detector 800. Moreover, while the paddle wheel 808 is rotating, the processor 818 is constantly testing each of the IR T/R LED pairs 816 by sequentially toggling each of the IR T/R LED pairs 816 on and off and reading the signals output thereby.
  • the glycol flow detection logic commences at block 900 with a do loop wherein periodically, the following steps are performed.
  • the heater 166 ( Figure 4 ) is periodically pulsed.
  • decision diamond 904 it is determined if there is a sudden increase in temperature (e.g., above a predetermined quantity), as indicated by the thermocouple temperature sensor 170 ( Figure 4 ). If not, the logic ends at state 906. Otherwise, the logic proceeds to block 908 where it is indicated to a controller that there is a problem with the glycol circulation. It can be appreciated that in response to the indication of a problem, the controller can shut off power to the heater at block 910.
  • the power required to cool the patient can be viewed at the display device 98. It is to be understood that the power equation described below is most accurate for a patient having a weight of approximately seventy-five kilograms (75 kg). Accordingly, the power used to cool a patient can be determined using the following equation: dT pt / dt ° C / min ⁇ 60 min / hr 1.4 ° C / hr ⁇ 100 ⁇ w ⁇ ⁇ 1 where: dT pt /dt is determined by the equation disclosed above.

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Claims (16)

  1. Système d'échange thermique pour un cathéter à demeure à échange thermique (12), comprenant :
    un bain d'échange thermique (14) conçu pour recevoir un conduit transportant du fluide de travail vers et depuis le cathéter (12) dans un circuit de fluide de travail comportant une pompe de fluide de travail pompant le fluide de travail à travers le circuit de fluide de travail ;
    un fluide chauffant/de refroidissement dans le bain (14) pour un échange thermique avec le fluide de travail ;
    un échangeur thermique (40) à travers lequel le fluide chauffant/de refroidissement s'écoule, l'échangeur thermique (40) comportant un réfrigérant et au moins un compresseur (62), caractérisé en ce que le système comprend en outre un détecteur de piège à air (419) pour détecter lorsque de l'air est introduit dans le circuit de fluide de travail, le détecteur de piège à air (419) étant en aval de la pompe de fluide de travail dans le circuit de fluide de travail.
  2. Système selon la revendication 1, dans lequel le compresseur (62) est un compresseur à courant continu (CC) à vitesse variable.
  3. Système selon la revendication 1, comprenant en outre :
    un détecteur de flux (429, 800) en communication avec le circuit de fluide de travail pour détecter lorsqu'un fluide de travail s'écoule à travers le circuit de fluide de travail.
  4. Système selon la revendication 3, dans lequel le détecteur de flux (429, 800) comprend :
    un boîtier transparent (802) ; une roue à pales (808) disposée de manière rotative à l'intérieur de celui-ci ; et
    au moins trois paires de diodes émettrices de lumière d'émetteur/récepteur infrarouge (816), chaque paire de diodes émettrices de lumière d'émetteur/récepteur infrarouge (816) établissant un chemin de signal à travers le boîtier (802).
  5. Système selon la revendication 4, dans lequel au moins une des paires de diodes émettrices de lumière d'émetteur/récepteur infrarouge (816) délivre un signal représentant le mouvement de la roue à pales (808).
  6. Système selon la revendication 4, dans lequel la roue à pales (808) comprend :
    au moins trois pales, les trois pales étant agencées de telle sorte qu'un des chemins de signaux établis par les paires de diodes émettrices de lumière d'émetteur/récepteur infrarouge (816) n'est jamais bloqué par les pales.
  7. Système selon la revendication 4, dans lequel les paires de diodes émettrices de lumière d'émetteur/récepteur infrarouge (816) sont agencées par rapport à la roue à pales (808) de sorte qu'un des chemins de signal établis par les paires de diodes émettrices de lumière d'émetteur/récepteur infrarouge (816) n'est jamais bloqué par la roue à pales (808).
  8. Système selon la revendication 4, comprenant en outre : un processeur (818) relié aux paires de diodes émettrices de lumière d'émetteur/récepteur infrarouge (816), le processeur (818) comportant un programme pour détecter lorsque le fluide s'écoule à travers le détecteur de flux sur la base de signaux provenant des paires de diodes émettrices de lumière d'émetteur/récepteur infrarouge (816).
  9. Système selon la revendication 1, comprenant une logique d'exécution de régulateur pour :
    la surveillance d'une température d'un capteur de température qui est en communication fluidique avec le fluide chauffant/de refroidissement ;
    périodiquement, l'impulsion d'un chauffage qui est en communication fluidique avec le fluide chauffant/de refroidissement ;
    la détermination si la température surveillée par le capteur de température augmente au-dessus d'une quantité prédéterminée ; et
    au moins partiellement basé sur l'acte de détermination, l'indication que le flux du fluide chauffant/de refroidissement est descendu en dessous d'un niveau prédéterminé.
  10. Système selon la revendication 1, comprenant un régulateur relié électriquement au détecteur de piège à air (419) pour arrêter la pompe de fluide de travail en réponse à un signal provenant du détecteur de piège à air (419) indiquant que de l'air se trouve dans le circuit de fluide de travail.
  11. Système selon la revendication 1, comprenant plusieurs compresseurs compressant le réfrigérant.
  12. Système selon la revendication 1, dans lequel la pompe de fluide de travail est une pompe à membrane.
  13. Système selon la revendication 1, dans lequel la pompe de fluide de travail est une pompe à engrenages volumétrique.
  14. Système selon la revendication 1, dans lequel la pompe de fluide de travail est en prise, de manière amovible, avec une plateforme de support de pompe contenant un moteur pour actionner la pompe de fluide de travail, de sorte que la pompe de fluide de travail peut facilement venir en prise et se désengager de la plateforme de support de pompe par laquelle une première pompe stérilisée peut être utilisée en lien avec le traitement d'un premier patient et après que le traitement soit achevé, la première pompe peut être enlevée et remplacée par une seconde pompe stérilisée à utiliser en lien avec le traitement d'un second patient sans avoir à remplacer la plateforme de support de pompe et un moteur de pompe dans celle-ci pour chaque nouvelle pompe.
  15. Système selon la revendication 14, dans lequel la structure (690-694) sur la pompe de fluide de travail est alignée à la structure (680, 682, 684) de la plateforme de support de pompe pour permettre à la pompe de fluide de travail d'être coulissée dans la plateforme de support de pompe jusqu'à ce que la structure (688) de la pompe de fluide de travail vienne au contact de la structure (656) de la plateforme de support de pompe, moment à partir duquel la pompe peut ensuite être tournée par rapport à la plateforme de support de pompe pour que la pompe de fluide de travail vienne en prise avec la plateforme de support de pompe.
  16. Système selon la revendication 1, dans lequel la pompe de fluide de travail comprend une soupape de sûreté de dérivation qui s'ouvre en cas de pression élevée, ou qui est associée à des aimants (720, 722) de sorte qu'un couplage magnétique établi entre les aimants est rompu dans des conditions de surpression.
EP05779539.5A 2003-08-06 2005-08-04 Système de chauffage/refroidissement pour cathéter a demeure d'échange thermique Active EP1779049B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP10188614.1A EP2287549B1 (fr) 2003-08-06 2005-08-04 Système de chauffage/refroidissement pour un échangeur thermique - cathéter à demeure
EP13154710.1A EP2618080B1 (fr) 2003-08-06 2005-08-04 Système de détecteur à courant pour cathéter médical d'échange thermique à demeure

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US49281803P 2003-08-06 2003-08-06
US10/913,127 US7287398B2 (en) 2001-09-25 2004-08-06 Heating/cooling system for indwelling heat exchange catheter
PCT/US2005/027897 WO2006017736A1 (fr) 2003-08-06 2005-08-04 Systeme de chauffage/refroidissement pour catheter a demeure d'echange thermique

Related Child Applications (4)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP10188614.1A Division EP2287549B1 (fr) 2003-08-06 2005-08-04 Système de chauffage/refroidissement pour un échangeur thermique - cathéter à demeure
EP10188614.1A Division-Into EP2287549B1 (fr) 2003-08-06 2005-08-04 Système de chauffage/refroidissement pour un échangeur thermique - cathéter à demeure
EP13154710.1A Division EP2618080B1 (fr) 2003-08-06 2005-08-04 Système de détecteur à courant pour cathéter médical d'échange thermique à demeure
EP13154710.1A Division-Into EP2618080B1 (fr) 2003-08-06 2005-08-04 Système de détecteur à courant pour cathéter médical d'échange thermique à demeure

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1779049A1 EP1779049A1 (fr) 2007-05-02
EP1779049A4 EP1779049A4 (fr) 2010-07-07
EP1779049B1 true EP1779049B1 (fr) 2019-02-20

Family

ID=34118995

Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP05779539.5A Active EP1779049B1 (fr) 2003-08-06 2005-08-04 Système de chauffage/refroidissement pour cathéter a demeure d'échange thermique
EP10188614.1A Not-in-force EP2287549B1 (fr) 2003-08-06 2005-08-04 Système de chauffage/refroidissement pour un échangeur thermique - cathéter à demeure

Family Applications After (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP10188614.1A Not-in-force EP2287549B1 (fr) 2003-08-06 2005-08-04 Système de chauffage/refroidissement pour un échangeur thermique - cathéter à demeure

Country Status (2)

Country Link
EP (2) EP1779049B1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2006017736A1 (fr)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2006017736A1 (fr) 2006-02-16
EP2287549A3 (fr) 2012-12-12
EP1779049A1 (fr) 2007-05-02
EP2287549B1 (fr) 2016-11-30
EP1779049A4 (fr) 2010-07-07
EP2287549A2 (fr) 2011-02-23

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