EP1748880A2 - Multilayer construction that can be used as a reinforcement in a part obtained by resin transfer molding - Google Patents

Multilayer construction that can be used as a reinforcement in a part obtained by resin transfer molding

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Publication number
EP1748880A2
EP1748880A2 EP05766605A EP05766605A EP1748880A2 EP 1748880 A2 EP1748880 A2 EP 1748880A2 EP 05766605 A EP05766605 A EP 05766605A EP 05766605 A EP05766605 A EP 05766605A EP 1748880 A2 EP1748880 A2 EP 1748880A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
complex according
reinforcement
layer
textile
textile complex
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP05766605A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Jacques Baudonnel
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Chomarat Composites SAS
Original Assignee
Chomarat Composites SAS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Chomarat Composites SAS filed Critical Chomarat Composites SAS
Publication of EP1748880A2 publication Critical patent/EP1748880A2/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
    • D04H3/005—Synthetic yarns or filaments
    • D04H3/009—Condensation or reaction polymers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
    • B29C70/06—Fibrous reinforcements only
    • B29C70/08—Fibrous reinforcements only comprising combinations of different forms of fibrous reinforcements incorporated in matrix material, forming one or more layers, and with or without non-reinforced layers
    • B29C70/088—Fibrous reinforcements only comprising combinations of different forms of fibrous reinforcements incorporated in matrix material, forming one or more layers, and with or without non-reinforced layers and with one or more layers of non-plastics material or non-specified material, e.g. supports
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
    • B29C70/28—Shaping operations therefor
    • B29C70/40—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied
    • B29C70/42—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
    • B29C70/46—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles using matched moulds, e.g. for deforming sheet moulding compounds [SMC] or prepregs
    • B29C70/48—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles using matched moulds, e.g. for deforming sheet moulding compounds [SMC] or prepregs and impregnating the reinforcements in the closed mould, e.g. resin transfer moulding [RTM], e.g. by vacuum
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
    • B29C70/28—Shaping operations therefor
    • B29C70/54—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations, e.g. feeding or storage of prepregs or SMC after impregnation or during ageing
    • B29C70/546—Measures for feeding or distributing the matrix material in the reinforcing structure
    • B29C70/547—Measures for feeding or distributing the matrix material in the reinforcing structure using channels or porous distribution layers incorporated in or associated with the product
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H13/00—Other non-woven fabrics
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
    • D04H3/002—Inorganic yarns or filaments
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
    • D04H3/002—Inorganic yarns or filaments
    • D04H3/004—Glass yarns or filaments
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
    • D04H3/005—Synthetic yarns or filaments
    • D04H3/007—Addition polymers
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
    • D04H3/08—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating
    • D04H3/12—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating with filaments or yarns secured together by chemical or thermo-activatable bonding agents, e.g. adhesives, applied or incorporated in liquid or solid form

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of technical textiles used as reinforcements in molding processes.
  • this type of complex is used in vacuum injection molding techniques, also known by the abbreviation RTM for "Resin Transfer Molding". It relates more particularly to a new complex design particularly suitable for charged resins.
  • the RTM methods implement a step during which a textile reinforcement is impregnated with a resin intended to polymerize to harden this reinforcement.
  • This resin is injected at one or more precise points, and must therefore flow inside the frame to distribute itself evenly.
  • this reinforcement should have a high density of fibers.
  • a high density is an obstacle to the creep of the resin.
  • fillers ensuring this mechanization also makes it possible to reduce the density of the reinforcing layers, and therefore a reduction in the cost of the articles manufactured.
  • These two types of resins therefore have a higher viscosity than the resins conventionally used in RTM techniques.
  • These loaded resins can also include flame retardants which also increase its viscosity.
  • a problem which the invention therefore proposes to solve is that of improving the creep capacity of the resin within a reinforcement of this type, while retaining satisfactory reinforcement properties, and a mechanical integrity of the assembly. .
  • the invention therefore relates to a textile complex which can be used as a reinforcement in a part obtained by vacuum injection.
  • this complex comprises a core layer formed of an openwork structure, having a spatial undulation, and which is formed of high tenacity yarns.
  • This complex also includes at least one reinforcing layer, formed of a textile structure based on high tenacity fibers. This reinforcing layer comes into contact with a fraction of one of the faces of the core layer.
  • the complex according to the invention comprises a central layer which is strongly perforated, in order to oppose a very limited resistance to the creep of the viscous resin.
  • This central layer has a spatial undulation, that is to say it is in the form of a two-dimensional structure, but which has undergone deformations, so that it deviates from a plane of reference. It thus defines a free volume inside which the resin easily flows through it.
  • These undulations of sinusoidal shape or equivalent, also give the central layer deformability possibly elastic, which allows it to collapse under the stresses generated in the molding operations.
  • the associated reinforcement layer comes into contact with the latter only at the tops of the corrugations. This limitation of contact surface further promotes the deformation of the assembly.
  • the openwork structure can have a spatial undulation in one or two directions depending on the type of use of the frame.
  • the openwork structure of the core layer can advantageously be formed of a grid, composed of son of high tenacity, for example based on aramid, carbon, glass, or other fiber known for its tenacity, or even metallic wires
  • the grid structure makes it possible to obtain a very large cutout, facilitating the creep of the resin.
  • the grid structure is also appreciable for its deformation capacity due to the fact that the threads in the warp and weft directions can move relative to each other, as soon as their contact zones allow it.
  • the grid may have weakening zones which make it possible to increase its deformability during installation in the mold.
  • This embrittlement can be understood by a partial cut of the threads which compose it, that is to say a break of a fraction of filaments composing a thread, or even a break of some of the threads in localized areas.
  • the threads of the perforated structure of the core layer can be coated with a resin which can be thermosetting or thermoplastic, since it has the property of not liquefying or too strongly softening. temperatures prevailing within the reinforcement during injection operations.
  • the complex according to the invention can be used so that it comprises two reinforcing layers defining the volume of circulation and creep of the resin at the level of the perforated layer. These two reinforcing layers can be associated directly with the perforated central layer, during the manufacture of the complex. It is also possible to realize the complex by associating a layer on only one of the faces of the corrugated openwork structure. In this case, the creep volume of the resin can be defined by a second reinforcement layer subsequently associated with the complex, possibly even during the operation put into place in the mold.
  • the reinforcing layer can be formed by different textile structures, in particular woven fabrics, or possibly knits, grids, multi-axial, mats or complexes.
  • the reinforcing layers can also be formed by mats or nonwovens therefore made up of staple fibers, and having an isotropy.
  • These reinforcing layers can also be themselves composite, and consist of several elementary layers, one of which for example can be used as an outer layer with improved flatness, in order to avoid the appearance on the molded article of the texture woven reinforcement if necessary.
  • FIG. 1 is a summary perspective view of a complex according to the invention shown in an open configuration.
  • Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of the complex of Figure 1.
  • Figure 1 illustrates a complex (1) mainly comprising a central layer (2) and two reinforcing layers (3,4).
  • the reinforcement layer upper (3) is shown detached from the central layer (2) to facilitate understanding of the invention.
  • the central layer (2) is formed of a grid structure comprising warp and weft of high tenacity yarns, which may be yarns of glass, carbon, aramid, or even liquid crystal fibers, or more generally high tenacity yarns.
  • the grid is formed of threads present at a rate of 1 thread / cm, each having a titer of 600 tex.
  • These wires (5,6) are coated with a layer of thermosetting material which can typically be based on epoxy resin, phenolic resin, or polyester or vinyl ester.
  • These sheathing materials can advantageously include fillers intended to give the central layer (2) properties, for example mechanical or fire resistance properties.
  • this sheathing of the grid wires has a chemistry similar or compatible to that of the resins which will be used subsequently during the molding operations.
  • this central layer (2) has a spatial undulation.
  • This spatial undulation gives a thickness to the layer (2) which is produced from an initially two-dimensional structure.
  • the grid offers almost no resistance to the passage of resin, even very heavily loaded, and therefore of high viscosity.
  • This central layer (2) is associated with a first reinforcing layer (3) which can be of very varied types. It can thus be, as already mentioned, a mat of glass threads or other high tenacity threads, or even woven structures or grid structures.
  • These reinforcing layers have a capacity for retaining the resin, and can therefore consist of a plurality of stacked or mixed layers, which can have high reinforcing rates, and typically greater than 50%.
  • the lower reinforcement layer (4) can be identical to the upper layer (3), but can also be produced in a different way, for example depending on the position it will occupy inside the injected part.
  • the connection between the reinforcing layers and the central layer is made by bonding. This bonding can occur at the time of the thermoforming of the core, while the resins are still activated, or even in a subsequent operation after reactivation of the resins.
  • the complex according to the invention has multiple advantages, and in particular: - it allows the flow of resin having a high viscosity, since its central layer imposes almost no resistance to the resin by its nature which is strongly openwork; - It has a very large deformation capacity due to the corrugated conformation of the central layer, which also has an appreciable degree of elasticity; - It provides mechanization of the part, thanks to the contribution of the core to the rigidity of the molded part.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Reinforced Plastic Materials (AREA)
  • Injection Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Manufacturing Of Multi-Layer Textile Fabrics (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a multilayer textile construction (1) that can be used as a reinforcement in a part obtained by resin transfer molding. The invention is characterized in that it comprises: a core layer (2) consisting of an open-work structure having a spatial undulation and of high-tenacity yarns (5, 6), and; at least one reinforcing layer (3, 4) consisting of a textile construction based on high-tenacity fibers that comes into contact with a portion of a face of the core layer.

Description

COMPLEXE UTILISABLE COMME ARMATURE DANS UNE PIECECOMPLEX USED AS A REINFORCEMENT IN A ROOM
OBTENUE PAR INJECTION SOUS VIDE.OBTAINED BY VACUUM INJECTION.
Domaine Technique L'invention se rattache au domaine des textiles techniques utilisés en tant qu'armatures dans les procédés de moulage.Technical Field The invention relates to the field of technical textiles used as reinforcements in molding processes.
Plus précisément, ce type de complexe est employé dans les techniques de moulage d'injection sous vide, également connues sous l'abréviation RTM pour "Résine Transfert Moulding". Elle concerne plus particulièrement une nouvelle conception de complexe particulièrement adapté aux résines chargées.More specifically, this type of complex is used in vacuum injection molding techniques, also known by the abbreviation RTM for "Resin Transfer Molding". It relates more particularly to a new complex design particularly suitable for charged resins.
Techniques antérieures De manière générale, les procédés de RTM mettent en œuvre une étape pendant laquelle une armature textile est imprégnée d'une résine destinée à polymériser pour durcir cette armature. Cette résine est injectée en un ou plusieurs points précis, et doit donc fluer à l'intérieur de l'armature pour se répartir de manière homogène. Pour assurer un renforcement suffisant, il convient que cette armature présente une densité importante en fibres. Toutefois, une forte densité est un obstacle au fluage de la résine.Previous techniques In general, the RTM methods implement a step during which a textile reinforcement is impregnated with a resin intended to polymerize to harden this reinforcement. This resin is injected at one or more precise points, and must therefore flow inside the frame to distribute itself evenly. To ensure sufficient reinforcement, this reinforcement should have a high density of fibers. However, a high density is an obstacle to the creep of the resin.
Dans le document EP-0 395 548, le Demandeur a décrit une armature textile constituée de plusieurs couches associées entre elles. Certaines des couches externes de cette armature jouent le rôle de renfort, tandis que la couche intermédiaire présente une densité moindre en fibre, et constituent donc un chemin préférentiel pour le fluage de la résine. Toutefois, cette couche centrale, généralement formée d'un mat de fibres, présente une résistance trop importante à certains types de résines, notamment les résines chargées. En effet, pour certaines applications, il peut être intéressant d'utiliser des résines particulières, permettant de conférer des propriétés spécifiques à l'armature et ensuite à l'article qu'elle renforce. A titre d'exemple, certaines résines sont chargées de manière à augmenter la rigidité des articles qu'elles intègrent. L'emploi de charges assurant cette mécanisation permet également de réduire la densité des couches de renfort, et donc une réduction du coût des articles fabriqués. Ces deux types de résines présentent donc une viscosité plus importante que les résines classiquement utilisées dans les techniques de RTM. Ces résines chargées peuvent également inclure des agents ignifuges qui augmentent également sa viscosité.In document EP-0 395 548, the Applicant has described a textile reinforcement made up of several layers associated with one another. Some of the outer layers of this reinforcement play the role of reinforcement, while the intermediate layer has a lower fiber density, and therefore constitute a preferential path for the creep of the resin. However, this central layer, generally formed from a fiber mat, has too great a resistance to certain types of resins, in particular loaded resins. Indeed, for certain applications, it may be advantageous to use particular resins, making it possible to impart specific properties to the reinforcement and then to the article which it strengthens. For example, certain resins are loaded so as to increase the rigidity of the articles they integrate. The use of fillers ensuring this mechanization also makes it possible to reduce the density of the reinforcing layers, and therefore a reduction in the cost of the articles manufactured. These two types of resins therefore have a higher viscosity than the resins conventionally used in RTM techniques. These loaded resins can also include flame retardants which also increase its viscosity.
Un problème que se propose donc de résoudre l'invention est celui d'améliorer la capacité de fluage de la résine au sein d'une armature de ce type, tout en conservant les propriétés de renforcement satisfaisantes, et une intégrité mécanique de l'ensemble.A problem which the invention therefore proposes to solve is that of improving the creep capacity of the resin within a reinforcement of this type, while retaining satisfactory reinforcement properties, and a mechanical integrity of the assembly. .
Exposé de l'invention L'invention concerne donc un complexe textile utilisable comme armature dans une pièce obtenue par injection sous vide.DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The invention therefore relates to a textile complex which can be used as a reinforcement in a part obtained by vacuum injection.
Conformément à l'invention, ce complexe comporte une couche d'âme formée d'une structure ajourée, présentant une ondulation spatiale, et qui est formée de fils de haute ténacité. Ce complexe comporte également au moins une couche de renfort, formée d'une structure textile à base de fibres de haute ténacité. Cette couche de renfort vient au contact d'une fraction d'une des faces de la couche d'âme. Autrement dit, le complexe conforme à l'invention comporte une couche centrale qui est fortement ajourée, pour opposer une résistance très limitée au fluage de la résine visqueuse. Cette couche centrale présente une ondulation spatiale, c'est-à-dire qu'elle se présente sous la forme d'une structure bidimensionnelle, mais qui a subi des déformations, de telle sorte qu'elle s'écarte d'un plan de référence. Elle définit ainsi un volume libre à l'intérieur duquel la résine flue aisément en la traversant. Ces ondulations, de forme sinusoïdale ou équivalente, confèrent également à la couche centrale une déformabilité éventuellement élastique, qui lui permet de s'écraser sous les contraintes générées dans les opérations de moulage.According to the invention, this complex comprises a core layer formed of an openwork structure, having a spatial undulation, and which is formed of high tenacity yarns. This complex also includes at least one reinforcing layer, formed of a textile structure based on high tenacity fibers. This reinforcing layer comes into contact with a fraction of one of the faces of the core layer. In other words, the complex according to the invention comprises a central layer which is strongly perforated, in order to oppose a very limited resistance to the creep of the viscous resin. This central layer has a spatial undulation, that is to say it is in the form of a two-dimensional structure, but which has undergone deformations, so that it deviates from a plane of reference. It thus defines a free volume inside which the resin easily flows through it. These undulations, of sinusoidal shape or equivalent, also give the central layer deformability possibly elastic, which allows it to collapse under the stresses generated in the molding operations.
Du fait que la structure ajourée est ondulée spatialement, la couche de renfort associée ne vient au contact de cette dernière qu'au niveau des sommets des ondulations. Cette limitation de surface de contact favorise d'autant plus la déformation de l'ensemble.Because the openwork structure is spatially wavy, the associated reinforcement layer comes into contact with the latter only at the tops of the corrugations. This limitation of contact surface further promotes the deformation of the assembly.
En pratique, la structure ajourée peut présenter une ondulation spatiale dans une ou deux directions selon le type d'utilisation de l'armature.In practice, the openwork structure can have a spatial undulation in one or two directions depending on the type of use of the frame.
En pratique, la structure ajourée de la couche d'âme peut être formée avantageusement d'une grille, composée de fils de haute ténacité, par exemple à base d'aramide, de carbone, de verre, ou autre fibre connue pour sa ténacité, voire des fils métalliques La structure de grille permet d'obtenir un ajourement très important, facilitant le fluage de la résine. La structure de grille est également appréciable pour sa capacité de déformation due au fait que les fils dans les sens chaîne et trame peuvent se déplacer les uns par rapport aux autres, dès lors que leurs zones de contact l'autorisent.In practice, the openwork structure of the core layer can advantageously be formed of a grid, composed of son of high tenacity, for example based on aramid, carbon, glass, or other fiber known for its tenacity, or even metallic wires The grid structure makes it possible to obtain a very large cutout, facilitating the creep of the resin. The grid structure is also appreciable for its deformation capacity due to the fact that the threads in the warp and weft directions can move relative to each other, as soon as their contact zones allow it.
Avantageusement, en pratique, la grille peut présenter des zones de fragilisation permettant d'en augmenter sa déformabilité lors de la mise en place dans le moule. Cette fragilisation peut s'entendre par une coupure partielle des fils qui la composent, c'est-à-dire une rupture d'une fraction de filaments composant un fil, ou bien encore une rupture de certains des fils dans des zones localisées.Advantageously, in practice, the grid may have weakening zones which make it possible to increase its deformability during installation in the mold. This embrittlement can be understood by a partial cut of the threads which compose it, that is to say a break of a fraction of filaments composing a thread, or even a break of some of the threads in localized areas.
Avantageusement, en pratique, les fils de la structure ajourée de la couche d'âme peuvent être enduits d'une résine qui peut être thermodurcissable ou thermoplastique, dès lors qu'elle présente la propriété de ne pas se liquéfier ou trop fortement se ramollir aux températures régnant au sein de l'armature pendant les opérations d'injection. En pratique, le complexe conforme à l'invention peut être employé de telle sorte qu'il comporte deux couches de renfort définissant le volume de circulation et de fluage de la résine au niveau de la couche ajourée. Ces deux couches de renfort peuvent être associées directement à la couche centrale ajourée, lors de la fabrication du complexe. Il est également possible de réaliser le complexe en associant une couche sur une seule des faces de la structure ajourée ondulée. Dans ce cas, le volume de fluage de la résine peut être défini par une seconde couche de renfort associé ultérieurement au complexe, éventuellement même lors de l'opération mise en place dans le moule.Advantageously, in practice, the threads of the perforated structure of the core layer can be coated with a resin which can be thermosetting or thermoplastic, since it has the property of not liquefying or too strongly softening. temperatures prevailing within the reinforcement during injection operations. In practice, the complex according to the invention can be used so that it comprises two reinforcing layers defining the volume of circulation and creep of the resin at the level of the perforated layer. These two reinforcing layers can be associated directly with the perforated central layer, during the manufacture of the complex. It is also possible to realize the complex by associating a layer on only one of the faces of the corrugated openwork structure. In this case, the creep volume of the resin can be defined by a second reinforcement layer subsequently associated with the complex, possibly even during the operation put into place in the mold.
En pratique, la couche de renfort peut être formée par différentes structures textiles, notamment des étoffes tissées, ou éventuellement des tricots, des grilles, des multi-axiaux, des mats ou des complexes. Les couches de renfort peuvent également être formées par des mats ou non tissés constitués donc à base de fibres discontinues, et présentant une isotropie. Ces couches de renfort peuvent également être elles-mêmes composites, et être constituées de plusieurs couches élémentaires, dont par exemple une peut servir de couche extérieure avec une planéité améliorée, en vue d'éviter l'apparition sur l'article moulé de la texture tissée du renfort le cas échéant.In practice, the reinforcing layer can be formed by different textile structures, in particular woven fabrics, or possibly knits, grids, multi-axial, mats or complexes. The reinforcing layers can also be formed by mats or nonwovens therefore made up of staple fibers, and having an isotropy. These reinforcing layers can also be themselves composite, and consist of several elementary layers, one of which for example can be used as an outer layer with improved flatness, in order to avoid the appearance on the molded article of the texture woven reinforcement if necessary.
Description sommaire des figures La manière de réaliser l'invention, et les avantages qui en découlent, ressortiront bien de la description du mode de réalisation qui suit, à l'appui des figures annexées dans lesquelles : La figure 1 est une vue en perspective sommaire d'un complexe conforme à l'invention montré dans une configuration ouverte. La figure 2 est une vue en coupe transversale du complexe de la figure 1.Brief description of the figures The manner of carrying out the invention, and the advantages which ensue therefrom, will emerge clearly from the description of the embodiment which follows, with the support of the appended figures in which: FIG. 1 is a summary perspective view of a complex according to the invention shown in an open configuration. Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of the complex of Figure 1.
Manière de réaliser l'invention La figure 1 illustre un complexe (1) comportant de manière principale une couche centrale (2) et deux couches de renfort (3,4). La couche de renfort supérieure (3) est montrée détachée de la couche centrale (2) pour faciliter la compréhension de l'invention.How to carry out the invention Figure 1 illustrates a complex (1) mainly comprising a central layer (2) and two reinforcing layers (3,4). The reinforcement layer upper (3) is shown detached from the central layer (2) to facilitate understanding of the invention.
La couche centrale (2) est formée d'une structure de grille comportant en chaîne et en trame des fils de haute ténacité, qui peuvent être des fils de verre, de carbone, d'aramide, ou encore des fibres à cristaux liquides, ou plus généralement des fils à haute ténacité.The central layer (2) is formed of a grid structure comprising warp and weft of high tenacity yarns, which may be yarns of glass, carbon, aramid, or even liquid crystal fibers, or more generally high tenacity yarns.
Dans un exemple particulier de réalisation, la grille est formée de fils présents à concurrence de 1 fil/cm, présentant chacun un titre de 600 tex. Ces fils (5,6) sont enduits d'une couche de matériau thermodurcissable qui peut typiquement être à base de résine époxy, de résine phénolique, ou encore de polyester ou de vinylester. Ces matériaux de gainage peuvent avantageusement inclure des charges destinées à conférer à la couche centrale (2) des propriétés, par exemple mécaniques ou de résistance au feu. Idéalement, ce gainage des fils de grille présente une chimie similaire ou compatible à celle des résines qui seront utilisées ultérieurement lors des opérations de moulage.In a particular embodiment, the grid is formed of threads present at a rate of 1 thread / cm, each having a titer of 600 tex. These wires (5,6) are coated with a layer of thermosetting material which can typically be based on epoxy resin, phenolic resin, or polyester or vinyl ester. These sheathing materials can advantageously include fillers intended to give the central layer (2) properties, for example mechanical or fire resistance properties. Ideally, this sheathing of the grid wires has a chemistry similar or compatible to that of the resins which will be used subsequently during the molding operations.
Conformément à l'invention, cette couche centrale (2) présente une ondulation spatiale. Cette ondulation spatiale confère une épaisseur à la couche (2) qui est réalisée à partir d'une structure initialement bidimensionnelle.According to the invention, this central layer (2) has a spatial undulation. This spatial undulation gives a thickness to the layer (2) which is produced from an initially two-dimensional structure.
Plusieurs modes opératoires permettent d'obtenir ces ondulations spatiales. Ainsi, à partir d'une grille préalablement imprégnée d'une résine thermodurcissable réticulée, on peut procéder à un chauffage, aux alentours de 200° C par exemple, qui permet un ramollissement du gainage thermodurcissable. Par un passage sur des cylindres à creux et à bosses, il est possible alors de conférer les ondulations spatiales recherchées. Selon un autre mode opératoire, il est également possible d'opérer à plat, directement à la sortie de la chaîne de formation de la grille. Dans ce cas, la grille est alors imprégnée, puis conformée, puis portée à la température de réticulation de la résine d'imprégnation.Several operating modes make it possible to obtain these spatial undulations. Thus, from a grid previously impregnated with a crosslinked thermosetting resin, heating can be carried out, around 200 ° C. for example, which allows softening of the thermosetting coating. By passing over hollow and bump cylinders, it is then possible to impart the desired spatial undulations. According to another operating mode, it is also possible to operate flat, directly at the outlet of the grid forming chain. In this case, the grid is then impregnated, then shaped, then brought to the crosslinking temperature of the impregnation resin.
La configuration étant particulièrement ajourée, la grille n'oppose quasiment aucune résistance au passage de résine même très fortement chargée, et donc de forte viscosité.The configuration being particularly perforated, the grid offers almost no resistance to the passage of resin, even very heavily loaded, and therefore of high viscosity.
Cette couche centrale (2) est associée à une première couche de renfort (3) qui peut être de types très variés. Il peut ainsi s'agir, comme déjà évoqué, de mat de fils de verre ou d'autres fils de haute ténacité, ou bien encore de structures tissées ou de structures grille. Ces couches de renfort présentent une capacité de rétention de la résine, et peuvent donc être constituées d'une pluralité de couches empilées ou mêlées, qui peuvent présenter des taux de renfort élevés, et typiquement supérieurs à 50%.This central layer (2) is associated with a first reinforcing layer (3) which can be of very varied types. It can thus be, as already mentioned, a mat of glass threads or other high tenacity threads, or even woven structures or grid structures. These reinforcing layers have a capacity for retaining the resin, and can therefore consist of a plurality of stacked or mixed layers, which can have high reinforcing rates, and typically greater than 50%.
La couche inférieure de renfort (4) peut être identique à la couche supérieure (3), mais également être réalisée de manière différente, par exemple en fonction de la position qu'elle occupera à l'intérieur de la pièce injectée. La liaison entre les couches de renfort et la couche centrale est réalisée par Collage. Ce collage peut intervenir au moment du thermoformage de l'âme, alors que les résines sont encore activées, ou bien encore dans une opération ultérieure après réactivation des résines.The lower reinforcement layer (4) can be identical to the upper layer (3), but can also be produced in a different way, for example depending on the position it will occupy inside the injected part. The connection between the reinforcing layers and the central layer is made by bonding. This bonding can occur at the time of the thermoforming of the core, while the resins are still activated, or even in a subsequent operation after reactivation of the resins.
Il ressort de ce qui précède que le complexe conforme à l'invention présente de multiples avantages, et notamment : - il permet le fluage de résine présentant une forte viscosité, puisque sa couche centrale n'impose quasiment aucune résistance à la résine de par sa nature qui est fortement ajourée ; - il présente une très grande capacité de déformation du fait de la conformation ondulée de la couche centrale, qui présente en outre un degré d'élasticité appréciable ; - il assure une mécanisation de la pièce, grâce à la contribution de l'âme à la rigidité de la pièce moulée.It appears from the above that the complex according to the invention has multiple advantages, and in particular: - it allows the flow of resin having a high viscosity, since its central layer imposes almost no resistance to the resin by its nature which is strongly openwork; - It has a very large deformation capacity due to the corrugated conformation of the central layer, which also has an appreciable degree of elasticity; - It provides mechanization of the part, thanks to the contribution of the core to the rigidity of the molded part.
- il assure une homogénéisation de la pièce dans son épaisseur, et limite donc les risques de délaminage.- It ensures a homogenization of the part in its thickness, and therefore limits the risks of delamination.
- il permet de bénéficier de propriétés particulière, et notamment de performance non-feu, selon le choix des matériaux employés. - it makes it possible to benefit from particular properties, and in particular fire-resistant performance, depending on the choice of materials used.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1/ Complexe textile (1) utilisable comme armature dans une pièce obtenue par injection sous vide, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte : - une couche d'âme (2) formée d'une structure ajourée présentant une ondulation spatiale, et formée de fils (5,6) de haute ténacité ; - au moins une couche de renfort (3,4) formée d'une structure textile à base de fibre de haute ténacité, venant au contact d'une fraction d'une face de la couche d'âme.1 / Textile complex (1) usable as reinforcement in a part obtained by vacuum injection, characterized in that it comprises: - a core layer (2) formed of an openwork structure having a spatial undulation, and formed of high tenacity yarns (5,6); - At least one reinforcing layer (3,4) formed of a textile structure based on high tenacity fiber, coming into contact with a fraction of a face of the core layer.
2/ Complexe textile selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la structure ajourée d'âme est formée d'une grille composée de fils (5,6) de haute ténacité. 3/ Complexe textile selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la structure ajourée d'âme est formée de fils (5,6) enduits d'une résine thermodurcissable ou thermoplastique.2 / textile complex according to claim 1, characterized in that the perforated core structure is formed of a grid composed of son (5,6) of high tenacity. 3 / textile complex according to claim 1, characterized in that the openwork core structure is formed of son (5,6) coated with a thermosetting or thermoplastic resin.
4/ Complexe textile selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la structure ajourée présente une ondulation spatiale dans une direction.4 / textile complex according to claim 1, characterized in that the openwork structure has a spatial undulation in one direction.
5/ Complexe textile selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la structure ajourée (2) présente une ondulation spatiale dans deux directions. 6/ Complexe textile selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte deux couches de renfort (3,4) disposées chacune sur l'une des faces de la couche d'âme (2).5 / textile complex according to claim 1, characterized in that the openwork structure (2) has a spatial undulation in two directions. 6 / textile complex according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises two reinforcing layers (3,4) each arranged on one of the faces of the core layer (2).
Il Complexe textile selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la couche de renfort est formée par une étoffe tissée ou une grille. 8/ Complexe textile selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la couche de renfort (3,4) est formée par un mat.Textile complex according to claim 1, characterized in that the reinforcing layer is formed by a woven fabric or a grid. 8 / textile complex according to claim 1, characterized in that the reinforcing layer (3,4) is formed by a mat.
9/ Complexe textile selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les fils de haute ténacité de la couche de renfort sont choisis dans le groupe comprenant les fils de verre, de carbone, d'aramide et des fils à base de cristaux liquides.9 / A textile complex according to claim 1, characterized in that the high tenacity yarns of the reinforcing layer are chosen from the group comprising yarns of glass, carbon, aramid and yarns based on liquid crystals.
10/ Pièce moulée obtenue par injection de résine, incluant un complexe selon l'une des revendications 1 à 9. 10 / Molded part obtained by resin injection, including a complex according to one of claims 1 to 9.
EP05766605A 2004-05-27 2005-05-24 Multilayer construction that can be used as a reinforcement in a part obtained by resin transfer molding Withdrawn EP1748880A2 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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FR0451048A FR2870860B1 (en) 2004-05-27 2004-05-27 USEFUL COMPLEX AS REINFORCEMENT IN A PIECE OBTAINED BY VACUUM INJECTION
PCT/FR2005/050352 WO2005121430A2 (en) 2004-05-27 2005-05-24 Multilayer construction that can be used as a reinforcement in a part obtained by resin transfer molding

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DK1990178T3 (en) 2007-05-07 2010-10-04 Siemens Ag Method of manufacturing a rotor blade for a wind turbine
WO2013181912A1 (en) * 2012-06-08 2013-12-12 机械科学研究总院先进制造技术研究中心 Composite material having bionic structure, method of preparing same, and modeling method

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FR2605929B1 (en) * 1986-11-05 1989-03-31 Brochier Sa TEXTILE MATERIAL FOR PRODUCING LAMINATED ARTICLES REINFORCED BY INJECTION MOLDING
FR2646442B1 (en) * 1989-04-28 1993-04-02 Chomarat & Cie TEXTILE REINFORCEMENT FOR USE IN THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOSITE MATERIALS AND SHAPED ARTICLES HAVING SUCH AN REINFORCEMENT
US6713008B1 (en) * 2000-06-23 2004-03-30 Darrin Blake Teeter Method for making composite structures
GB0203823D0 (en) * 2002-02-19 2002-04-03 Hexcel Composites Ltd Moulding materials
DE20205620U1 (en) * 2002-04-11 2002-08-22 Saertex Wagener Gmbh & Co Kg Semi-finished reinforcement for components manufactured in the RTM process

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