EP1720646A1 - Downcomers for slurry bubble column reactors - Google Patents
Downcomers for slurry bubble column reactorsInfo
- Publication number
- EP1720646A1 EP1720646A1 EP05708383A EP05708383A EP1720646A1 EP 1720646 A1 EP1720646 A1 EP 1720646A1 EP 05708383 A EP05708383 A EP 05708383A EP 05708383 A EP05708383 A EP 05708383A EP 1720646 A1 EP1720646 A1 EP 1720646A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- downcomer
- slurry
- intermediate section
- gas
- outlet
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 66
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims 13
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000007872 degassing Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241001669573 Galeorhinus galeus Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000002310 elbow joint Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009827 uniform distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon
- C10G2/30—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon from carbon monoxide with hydrogen
- C10G2/32—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon from carbon monoxide with hydrogen with the use of catalysts
- C10G2/34—Apparatus, reactors
- C10G2/342—Apparatus, reactors with moving solid catalysts
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
- B01J8/18—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles
- B01J8/20—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles with liquid as a fluidising medium
- B01J8/22—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles with liquid as a fluidising medium gas being introduced into the liquid
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
- B01J8/18—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles
- B01J8/20—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles with liquid as a fluidising medium
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
- B01J8/18—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles
- B01J8/20—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles with liquid as a fluidising medium
- B01J8/22—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles with liquid as a fluidising medium gas being introduced into the liquid
- B01J8/224—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles with liquid as a fluidising medium gas being introduced into the liquid the particles being subject to a circulatory movement
- B01J8/226—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles with liquid as a fluidising medium gas being introduced into the liquid the particles being subject to a circulatory movement internally, i.e. the particles rotate within the vessel
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon
Definitions
- the present invention relates to downcomers for slurry bubble column reactors.
- Downcomers are used in slurry bubble columns reactors (SBCRs) in order to achieve a more suitable and uniform distribution of catalyst particles in the vertical direction of the slurry phase, and a more uniform temperature within the SBCR.
- SBCRs slurry bubble columns reactors
- downcomers are tubular structures positioned vertically in the SBCRs, and are provided with gas disengaging means and means for restricting the entry of rising gas bubbles into the lower end of the downcomer structures.
- WO 98/50494 shows a downcomer which is provided with a gas disengaging zone positioned in the upper part of the downcomer.
- a cone shaped baffle below the bottom of the downcomer prevents upwardly moving gas bubbles from entering into the downcomer.
- a downcomer which is open at both ends and fully submerged in the slurry phase.
- the bottom end of the downcomer is shielded by a baffle arrangement which diverts gas bubbles from the bottom of the SBCR away from entering into the bottom end of the downcomer.
- the baffle arrangement may have the shape of a cone similar to that of WO 98/50494.
- a downcomer for use in a slurry bubble column reactor comprising: an upper part including a slurry inlet through which slurry can enter the downcomer, and a gas outlet through which the separated gas can escape; an elongate, tubular-shaped intermediate section which extends vertically in use a d through which slurry can pass downwards; and a lower portion which has a slurry, outlet, the slurry outlet being defined at least in part by a wall which is inclined relative to the longitudinal axis of the intermediate section and in which the slurry outlet is an orifice which defines an aperture to the intermediate section, the aperture being the area of the opening from the orifice to the intermediate section in a plane perpendicular to the axis of the intermediate section, the aperture representing less than 2/3 of the transverse cross-sectional area of the intermediate section, whereby, in use, entry of upwardly moving gas bubbles into the downcomer via the slurry outlet is restricted.
- the upper part includes gas separation means arranged to separate gas bubbles from the slurry.
- the aperture can be thought of as the area of a surface beneath the downcomer that would be illuminated by light travelling down the inside of the downcomer in a direction parallel to the axis of the intermediate section, the surface being perpendicular to the axis of the intermediate section.
- the inclined portion has a smooth, curved geometry and may be part of a tubular bend.
- the outlet may be formed by a frusto-conical wall section, whereby the outlet has a smaller area than the transverse cross-sectional area of the intermediate section.
- the perimeter of the outlet may be inclined at an oblique angle to the axis of the intermediate section, or may be parallel to it.
- the outlet may be offset from the intermediate section when viewed in the direction of the axis of the intermediate section.
- any substantial part of the walls of the downcomer has an inclination that is steeper than the angle of repose of the catalyst particles under the prevailing conditions thereby preventing build-up of catalyst at such locations.
- the intermediate section includes means for restricting the passage of gas upwards inside the intermediate section when in use.
- the means for restricting the passage of gas comprises a disc arranged horizontally inside the intermediate section, the disc covering at least 20% of the transverse cross-sectional area of the intermediate section.
- the intermediate section includes means for collecting gas bubbles in the slurry when the slurry bubble column reactor is in use.
- the means for collecting gas bubbles comprises a tube with a flared skirt at its lower end.
- the tube extends to the top of the downcomer.
- the invention extends to a reactor, such as a slurry bubble column reactor, including one or more downcomers as described above.
- a reactor such as a slurry bubble column reactor, including one or more downcomers as described above.
- the vertical length of the downcomer is in the range of 30-120% of the intended depth of the slurry in the slurry bubble column when in use.
- there is a gas phase above the slurry the gas outlet from the upper part being in communication with the gas phase.
- the invention extends to the use of such a reactor to carry out a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reaction.
- Figures 1 to 5 show five alternative embodiments of the lower end of a downcomer in accordance with the invention
- Figure 6 is a view of the embodiment of Figure 1 to an enlarged scale
- Figure 7 is a section on the line AA in Figure 6;
- Figure 8 is a vertical section through a reactor including a downcomer in accordance with the invention.
- Figure 9 is a section on the line BB in Figure 8;
- Figure 10 is a graph showing the effect of gas velocity on downcomer operation;
- FIGS 11, 12 and 13 show alternative geometries for the downcomer outlet
- Figure 14 is a graph showing the effects of the geometries of the alternatives in Figures 11, 12 and 13;
- Figure 15 is a graph showing the effect of the communication of the downcomer with the gas space above the slurry.
- Figure 16 is a graph similar to Figure 10, but with particles present in the liquid.
- Figures 17, 18 and 19 are graphs showing catalyst concentration profiles at different gas velocities.
- FIG. 1 represents one particular experimental set up which illustrates the principles and operation of the invention. It is to be understood that this embodiment may not correspond to a full scale industrial application.
- the lower portion of the downcomer 11 is formed from a 7.62 cm (3 inches) tube which has a bend 12 at the bottom, defining an orifice 13 which is set at an angle of 45° to the axis of the tube. In practice, this design functioned well.
- the tube forming the downcomer 21 has a diameter of 127 mm (5 inches). It has an elbow joint 22 defining an orifice 23 which is parallel to the axis of the tube. This design functioned well in practice, though the flow rate through the downcomer was low.
- the design shown in Figure 3 is similar to the design in Figure 2, but the tube additionally includes a disc 34 inside the downcomer 31, about 50 cm above the orifice 33.
- the disc 34 occupies about half the cross-sectional area of the downcomer 31. Again, this design worked well, however, when the disc 34 was replaced by a smaller disc occupying about a quarter of the cross-sectional area, and located 150 cm above the orifice 33, the performance of the downcomer was unsatisfactory.
- the downcomer 41 shown in Figure 4 is also similar to that of Figure 2, but includes an inverted funnel 44 positioned above the orifice 43 and connected to a tube 45 which extends upwards to open above the top of the slurry phase.
- the downcomer 51 in Figure 5 is again similar to that of Figure 2, but in this case, the lower part terminates in a truncated cone 54 which defines a smaller orifice 53 parallel to the axis of the tube.
- FIGS 8 and 9 show a downcomer 61 extending vertically in a slurry bubble column reactor 60. It will be understood that in practice, there would probably be several downcomers in the reactor.
- the downcomer 61 comprises an upper part 62, an intermediate section 63 and a lower portion 64.
- the upper part 62 is about 260 cm in height, has an open top, and has an internal diameter of 11.2 cm.
- the bottom 78 cm of the upper part 62 has an increased internal diameter of 21 cm and constitutes a degassing zone 65.
- the degassing zone 65 includes a series of slurry inlets 66 to the interior of the downcomers which are located about 50 cm above the bottom of the degassing zone 65.
- the area of the slurry inlets 66 is 1.9 times the cross sectional area of the degassing section 65, and 6.7 times the cross sectional area of the intermediate section 63 of the downcomer 61.
- the intermediate section 63 is a tube, 1200 cm in height and 11.2 cm in diameter.
- the lower portion 64 comprises a tube 68 with a diameter of 11.2 cm and a bend 69, terminating in an orifice 71 which is parallel to the axis of the downcomer 61. In total, the lower portion has a height of about 97 cm.
- the reactor 60 has a height of about 1600 cm and an internal diameter of 50 cm, and contains slurry liquid 72 to a height 73 of about 1550 cm, which is below the level of the open tope of the downcomer 61. This results in a gas space 74 above the liquid 72. There is a gas outlet 75 at the top of the reactor 60.
- the reactor 60 Near the bottom of the reactor 60, there is a gas inlet 76 and a gas distributor 77. The relative positions of the downcomer 61 and the gas inlet are shown in Figure 9.
- the reactor 60 also has a slurry outlet (not shown).
- the downcomer outlet section helps prevent gas bubbles entering into the downcomer.
- Several other geometries than the 90° bend shown in Figures 8 and 9 are possible.
- a shorter version of the column shown in Figures 8 and 9 (6.6m height) was used with a 12.7 cm (5 inch) diameter downcomer, and three other possible geometries were investigated. These are:
- Figure 15 shows that the present invention gives higher liquid velocities in the downcomer than a downcomer fully submerged in the slurry.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Devices And Processes Conducted In The Presence Of Fluids And Solid Particles (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB0404069A GB2411365B (en) | 2004-02-24 | 2004-02-24 | Downcomers for slurry bubble column reactors |
PCT/GB2005/000582 WO2005082513A1 (en) | 2004-02-24 | 2005-02-17 | Downcomers for slurry bubble column reactors |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1720646A1 true EP1720646A1 (en) | 2006-11-15 |
Family
ID=32050770
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP05708383A Ceased EP1720646A1 (en) | 2004-02-24 | 2005-02-17 | Downcomers for slurry bubble column reactors |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1720646A1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2007526114A (en) |
KR (1) | KR20070019995A (en) |
GB (1) | GB2411365B (en) |
WO (1) | WO2005082513A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2009149519A1 (en) * | 2008-06-12 | 2009-12-17 | Winwick Business Solutions Pty Ltd | System for cultivation and processing of microorganisms and products therefrom |
CN103962067B (en) * | 2013-01-31 | 2017-02-08 | 中国科学院上海高等研究院 | Method for carrying out slurry bed reaction |
Family Cites Families (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2204539A1 (en) * | 1972-02-01 | 1973-08-23 | Inst De Cercetari Pentru Chimi | Chemical reactors - for end othermic or exothermic reactions carried out in presence of solid or liquid catalyst |
US4455220A (en) * | 1982-12-23 | 1984-06-19 | Shell Oil Company | Separation of fluid cracking catalyst particles from gaseous hydrocarbons |
US4623446A (en) * | 1984-05-21 | 1986-11-18 | Mobil Oil Corporation | Closed cyclone FCC catalyst separation with stripping gas injection and direct steam injection |
US4502947A (en) * | 1984-05-21 | 1985-03-05 | Mobil Oil Corporation | Closed cyclone FCC catalyst separation method and apparatus |
US4996028A (en) * | 1989-02-15 | 1991-02-26 | Exxon Research And Engineering Company | Trickle valve |
US5382748A (en) * | 1992-12-18 | 1995-01-17 | Exxon Research & Engineering Co. | Hydrocarbon synthesis reactor employing vertical downcomer with gas disengaging means |
US5817702A (en) * | 1997-05-02 | 1998-10-06 | Exxon Research And Engineering Company | Hydrocarbon synthesis catalyst slurry rejuvenation with gas disengagement |
US5811469A (en) * | 1997-05-06 | 1998-09-22 | Exxon Research And Engineering Company | Slurry hydrocarbon synthesis with downcomer fed product filtration (LAW552) |
US5866621A (en) * | 1997-05-06 | 1999-02-02 | Exxon Research And Engineering Company | Gas and solids reducing slurry downcomer |
US5811468A (en) * | 1997-05-06 | 1998-09-22 | Exxon Research And Engineering Company | Combination gas disengaging downcomer-rejuvenation tube for in-situ slurry catalyst rejuvenation (LAW541) |
US6541525B2 (en) * | 2001-03-27 | 2003-04-01 | Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company | Slurry catalyst rejuvenation in-situ in slurry reactor |
-
2004
- 2004-02-24 GB GB0404069A patent/GB2411365B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2005
- 2005-02-17 KR KR1020067019081A patent/KR20070019995A/en active Search and Examination
- 2005-02-17 JP JP2006553665A patent/JP2007526114A/en active Pending
- 2005-02-17 WO PCT/GB2005/000582 patent/WO2005082513A1/en active Application Filing
- 2005-02-17 EP EP05708383A patent/EP1720646A1/en not_active Ceased
Non-Patent Citations (2)
Title |
---|
None * |
See also references of WO2005082513A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
GB0404069D0 (en) | 2004-03-31 |
WO2005082513A1 (en) | 2005-09-09 |
GB2411365B (en) | 2008-08-13 |
JP2007526114A (en) | 2007-09-13 |
KR20070019995A (en) | 2007-02-16 |
GB2411365A (en) | 2005-08-31 |
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Legal Events
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Inventor name: JULIUSSEN, OLAV Inventor name: WIIG, PER, OSCAR Inventor name: SCHANKE, DAG Inventor name: SORAKER, PAL Inventor name: MYRSTAD, TROND |
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