EP1711684A1 - Method for extracting a mine gas in areas which are not directly influenced by mining - Google Patents

Method for extracting a mine gas in areas which are not directly influenced by mining

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Publication number
EP1711684A1
EP1711684A1 EP05714885A EP05714885A EP1711684A1 EP 1711684 A1 EP1711684 A1 EP 1711684A1 EP 05714885 A EP05714885 A EP 05714885A EP 05714885 A EP05714885 A EP 05714885A EP 1711684 A1 EP1711684 A1 EP 1711684A1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
boreholes
mine gas
mining
oriented
degradation
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EP05714885A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1711684B1 (en
Inventor
Udo Adam
Wilhelm Ehrhardt
Joachim Loos
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Priority to PL05714885T priority Critical patent/PL1711684T3/en
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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
    • E21F7/00—Methods or devices for drawing- off gases with or without subsequent use of the gas for any purpose
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/006—Production of coal-bed methane

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for mine gas extraction outside the usual limiting the sink trough influence or influence of mining activities over days and within a critical angle for mine gas circulation in the coal mountains and thus to avoid a greenhouse effect supporting gas release encountered in the wells in the mountain areas and then the mine gas is sucked off.
  • gas and methane can be extracted from seams and secondary layers in the coal mountains.
  • methods are known in which the mine gas is sucked out of the hanging ends and horizontal ends of the seam in quarrying by means of boreholes of different lengths.
  • the extraction of the mine gas is mainly carried out in this area to effectively reduce the risk of gas explosions.
  • By means of the vacuum present in the gas collecting lines it is possible to extract a gas-air mixture, which can often be used as an energy carrier in the area of the shaft systems themselves.
  • the usual diameter of such gas wells is 95 mm.
  • the average length is 50 to 60 m with a hole spacing of 15 to 30 m in the mining routes.
  • the object is achieved according to the invention in that the boreholes are first pushed vertically into the mountains and then selectively deflected and oriented so that considered as a result of the degradation effects in this area or resulting gas circulation paths considered perpendicular to diagonal both in stroke and in the direction of incidence to be pierced.
  • the invention makes it possible, through the orientation of the corresponding boreholes or boreholes, that it utilizes the fact that, although the usual influence or influence angle, which as a rule is between 50 gon and 100 gon, limits the damage to the surface for days, but that the degradation effects also act and asymptotically go to zero, which in particular relates to the gas pathway in the mountains or the resulting gas circulation paths.
  • the subsidence detected or produced in the area of the influence or influence angle is of interest for the process in that it causes inclinations and curvatures and horizontal strains and compressions as well as vertical elongations and compressions.
  • Essential for the circulation of the mine gas and the orientation of the wells for the extraction of the mine gas are mainly the horizontal strains and vertical stretches of the mountains, because they open the fractures and shearing and degradation conditional cracks and scroll the layer surfaces above the degradation advantageous.
  • convex curvatures occur outside or to the side of the excavation, which are an occasion for gas circulation-relevant distortions of the mountains.
  • Strains and strains can be artificially gas trails or Gaszirkulationswege arise that are exploited by the method according to the invention and used for mine gas production, especially between the critical angle for mining action days, ie in the region of the lowering trough and the critical angle for mine gas circulation due reduction or miner's activity.
  • the invention further takes into account that initially above the degradation, gas-circulation-relevant delaminations and, in addition to the degradation, distortions occur.
  • the mine gas is pressed with the fading of the exfoliation to the side in the local Zerrungs Scheme. This range goes far beyond the angle of exposure, which accounts for approximately 99% of subsidence. With this angle of action, 92% of the strains and compressions as well as the curvatures are detected, but they are relevant for the gas circulation paths, which also push the gas into the area outside the influence and influence angle of the degradation.
  • the environmental impact is limited not only to the time during the mining of hard coal, but also to the time thereafter, because the fractures, shear surfaces and cracks remain open as long as there is no degradation below or in the vicinity, in which the circulation paths are pressed.
  • a further advantage is that once the circulation paths for the mine gas widened once more occur more or less vertically and are not pressed by the overlay pressure. This makes it possible for the entire period, using the method according to the invention to suck the environment otherwise polluting mine gas and harness.
  • the boreholes are oriented outside or within the critical angle for mine gas circulation and deflected as horizontally and above the level of degradation.
  • the placement of the wells outside the action or angle of influence of the mining operations has the advantage that the wells can stand long enough to be available for mine gas production. Therefore, they are usually produced within the critical angle for the mine gas circulation, more rarely outside this critical angle. They are first introduced vertically into the ground, then selectively deflected towards degradation and thus reach the area of the gas circulation paths.
  • the boreholes are oriented in horizontal target areas in the direction of excavation or in the opposite direction, the direction essentially depending on where the vertical borehole has been pushed. It is important that in this way the perpendicular and formed by the degradation gas circulation paths are approached and traversed. Accordingly, a further development provides that the drilled holes in
  • Degradation in hard coal mining essentially affects the rock areas above the mining area, so that the invention makes sense to provide for the boreholes to be routed through the ongoing and / or planned mining to ensure that the gas flows in here.
  • the repeatedly mentioned lowering trough or the action or influence angle of the degradation effects is the starting point of the exfoliation, so it is useful if the holes are arranged perpendicular or diagonal to the direction of degradation or are deflected so that they get into this area exactly.
  • the circulation paths are pierced more or less vertically to diagonally in both strike and incidence directions. This makes it possible to gain the mine gas also laterally of the mining areas between the usual influence angle for the requirements of mining damage processing, ie between the so-called sink trough and the critical angle for mine gas circulation.
  • the individual seams are divided into mining strips. This takes into account the process insofar as the boreholes are oriented in such a way that the division of the excavation surface into several excavation operations / removal strips is taken into account.
  • the boreholes are oriented such that the individual removal strips form a unit or that two or more removal strips form a unit.
  • the invention provides that the exhausted mine gas is supplied to the power supply, which is also optimally possible because relatively pure mine gas can be recovered with high percentages and indeed with well over 50% methane in the methane-air mixture.
  • the invention is characterized in particular by the fact that taking into account the existing conditions not only mine gas is recovered in the area of the mining itself, but also in the neighboring areas, which were previously completely disregarded for mine gas production.
  • environmental pollution can be significantly reduced or even completely avoided, because it is also possible to gain in the areas of mine gas, into which the mine gas due to the degradation effects has been migrated and possibly stored for a long time, which was previously completely disregarded.
  • These areas are up to about 18 gon. It is therefore a much larger area than the recognizable by the sink trough area.
  • the mine gas production possible according to the method serves mercantile purposes but above all also environmental protection. Essential here is the economy achieved, which is achieved in particular by the fact that the holes or holes produced cut through the targeted gas circulation paths and thus allow a win-in of stored there large amounts of gas.
  • Figure 1 shows a schematically reproduced mining operation with critical angles.
  • the distortion range is well beyond that of the angle of impact, which accounts for 99% of the subsidence. With this angle of action 5, only 92% of the strains and compressions and the curvatures are detected. Added to this are 88% of the compressions and dilations.
  • inventive orientation of the holes 9, 10 for mine gas production between the influence and influence angle 5 and the critical angle 6 for the mine gas circulation as a result of the mining activity is exploited by the invention of the fact that the mountain movements in the form of the degradation of the generally valid law of the lowest energy consumption. After that happens what makes the least amount of energy required.
  • the orientation of the boreholes 9, 10 for mine gas production outside the usual influence angle 5 for the mining damage processing notes that curvatures in the mountains 1 lead to shifts of rock material towards mining. The same happens due to the trend that the mountains 1 migrate in the direction of degradation and indeed decreasing with increasing distance to the degradation, which then leads to strains as in the curvature.
  • the strains are labeled 12, the strains 11.
  • the fractured fractures, shearing surfaces and cracks, which are present between the angle of action 5 and the angle of action or limit angle 6, are used to migrate the CMM, distributed over large areas, into the atmosphere.
  • the Kyoto Protocol comes into play, because this mine gas pollutes the environment, which now no longer occurs when using the method according to the invention, because it is obtained in good time and made usable.
  • the environmental relief is not limited only to the time during the mining of hard coal, but extends to a large period thereafter.
  • the strains within the range between angles 5 and 6 point toward disassembly. As a result, those fractures, cuttings and cracks that are perpendicular to this direction of strain are artificially opened and important for mine gas circulation and mine gas production.
  • the corresponding orientation of the boreholes 9, 10 uses in the above context that due to the large spatial distance from the initiating degradation, the artificially widened circulation paths are more or less perpendicular. They are not affected by the overlay pressure, so they are fully available for the mine gas recovery steps that are important for economic and environmental protection. Conveniently, the deflected borehole 10 is guided against the degradation direction 8, so that the gas circulation paths are cut more or less perpendicularly to diagonally or pierced. All mentioned features, including those of the drawing to be taken alone, are considered to be essential to the invention alone and in combination.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Drilling And Exploitation, And Mining Machines And Methods (AREA)
  • Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)
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  • Absorbent Articles And Supports Therefor (AREA)
  • Percussion Or Vibration Massage (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for extracting a mine gas even outside of an action or limiting angle (5) ensuring environmental protection. The inventive method consists in perpendicularly drilling three bore holes (9) in a rock (1) and, afterwards in deflecting and purposefully orienting them in such a way that gas circulation paths mainly formed or formable in the area between the limiting angles (5, 6) are drilled approximately in a vertical direction to a diagonal. Said invention makes it possible to reliably extract a migrated mine gas and use it.

Description

B E S C H R E I B U N G DESCRIPTION
Verfahren zur Gewinnung von Grubengas in nicht unmittelbar durch den Bergbau beeinflussten GebirgsbereichenMethod of extracting mine gas in mountain areas not directly affected by mining
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Grubengasgewinnung außerhalb des üblichen den Senkungstrog begrenzenden Einwirkungs- oder Einflusswinkels von Abbaueinwirkungen über Tage und innerhalb eines Grenzwinkels für Grubengaszirkulation im Steinkohlengebirge und damit zur Vermeidung einer den Treibhauseffekt unterstützenden Gasfreisetzung, bei dem Bohrlöcher in die Gebirgsbereiche gestoßen und anschließend das Grubengas abgesaugt wird.The invention relates to a method for mine gas extraction outside the usual limiting the sink trough influence or influence of mining activities over days and within a critical angle for mine gas circulation in the coal mountains and thus to avoid a greenhouse effect supporting gas release encountered in the wells in the mountain areas and then the mine gas is sucked off.
Bekannt ist es, dass aus Flözen und Nebenschichten im Steinkohlengebirge Gas und zwar Methan abgesaugt werden kann. Hierzu sind Verfahren bekannt, bei dem das Grubengas aus dem Hangenden und Liegenden des in Abbau stehenden Flözes mittels Bohrlöchern unterschiedlicher Länge abgesaugt wird. Die Absaugung des Grubengases wird vor allem in diesem Bereich durchgeführt, um die Gefahr von Gasexplosionen wirksam zu mindern. Über den in den Gassammelleitungen anstehenden Unterdruck gelingt es, ein Gasluftgemisch abzusaugen, das häufig als Energieträger im Bereich der Schachtanlagen selbst eingesetzt werden kann. Der gebräuchliche Durchmesser derartiger Gasbohrlöcher liegt bei 95 mm. Die mittlere Länge beträgt 50 bis 60 m bei einem Bohrlochabstand von 15 bis 30 m in den Abbaustrecken. Auch von über Tage aus sind derartige Bohrlöcher ins Gebirge gestoßen worden, um das durch den Abbau freigesetzte und zum Teil migrierte Grubengas absaugen zu können. Die Erfinder haben nun festgestellt, dass das Gas nicht nur im Bereich des Einwirkungs- oder Einflusswinkels des Abbaubetriebes selbst anfällt und in die Steinschichten migriert, sondern dass es auch darüber hinaus in den angrenzenden Gebirgsbereich migriert. Der Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zu Grunde, ein Verfahren zu entwickeln und vorzuschlagen, das es ermöglicht, die durch den Bergbau freigesetzten Grubengasmengen möglichst weitgehend hereinzugewinnen.It is known that gas and methane can be extracted from seams and secondary layers in the coal mountains. For this purpose, methods are known in which the mine gas is sucked out of the hanging ends and horizontal ends of the seam in quarrying by means of boreholes of different lengths. The extraction of the mine gas is mainly carried out in this area to effectively reduce the risk of gas explosions. By means of the vacuum present in the gas collecting lines, it is possible to extract a gas-air mixture, which can often be used as an energy carrier in the area of the shaft systems themselves. The usual diameter of such gas wells is 95 mm. The average length is 50 to 60 m with a hole spacing of 15 to 30 m in the mining routes. Such boreholes have been pushed into the mountains from above, too, in order to be able to extract the mine gas released by the mining and partly migrated. The inventors have now found that the gas is not only obtained in the range of the action or influence angle of the mining operation itself and migrated into the stone layers, but that it also migrated beyond in the adjacent mountain area. The invention is therefore based on the object to develop and propose a method that makes it possible to gain as much as possible of the mine gas released by mining.
Die Aufgabe wird gemäß der Erfindung dadurch gelöst, dass die Bohrlöcher zunächst senkrecht ins Gebirge gestoßen und dann gezielt so abgelenkt und orientiert werden, dass die infolge der Abbaueinwirkungen in diesem Bereich entstandenen oder entstehenden Gaszirkulationswege senkrecht bis diagonal sowohl in Streich- als auch in Einfallrichtung betrachtet, durchbohrt werden.The object is achieved according to the invention in that the boreholes are first pushed vertically into the mountains and then selectively deflected and oriented so that considered as a result of the degradation effects in this area or resulting gas circulation paths considered perpendicular to diagonal both in stroke and in the direction of incidence to be pierced.
Die Erfindung ermöglicht es durch die Orientierung der entsprechenden Bohrlöcher bzw. Bohrungen, dass diese den Tatbestand nutzt, dass zwar der übliche Einwirkungs- oder Einflusswinkel, der in der Regel zwischen 50 gon und 100 gon beträgt, die Bergschäden über Tage zur Seite hin begrenzt, dass aber die Abbaueinwirkungen darüber hinaus wirken und asymptotisch zu Null gehen, was insbesondere die Gaswegsamkeit im Gebirge betrifft bzw. die entstehenden Gaszirkulationswege. Die im Bereich des Einwirkungs- oder Einflusswinkels erfassten oder entstehenden Senkungen sind für das Verfahren insofern von Interesse, als dadurch Schieflagen und Krümmungen und horizontale Zerrungen und Pressungen sowie senkrechte Streckungen und Stauchungen entstehen. Wesentlich für die Zirkulation des Grubengases und die Orientierung der Bohrlöcher zur Gewinnung des Grubengases sind vor allem die horizontalen Zerrungen und senkrechten Streckungen des Gebirges, denn diese öffnen die Klüfte und Aufscherungen und Abbau bedingten Risse und blättern die Schichtflächen oberhalb des Abbaus vorteilhaft auf. Dazu kommen außerhalb bzw. seitlich des Abbaus konvexe Krümmungen, die dort einen Anlass für gaszirkulationsrelevante Zerrungen des Gebirges sind. Zerrungen und Streckungen lassen artifiziell Gaswegsamkeiten bzw. Gaszirkulationswege entstehen, die durch das Verfahren gemäß der Erfindung aufgeschlossen werden und für die Grubengasgewinnung benutzt werden, dies vor allem zwischen dem Grenzwinkel für Abbaueinwirkung über Tage, d. h. also im Bereich des Senkungstroges und dem Grenzwinkel für Grubengaszirkulation infolge Abbau bzw. bergmännischer Tätigkeit. Die Erfindung berücksichtigt weiter, dass zunächst oberhalb des Abbaus gaszirkulationsrelevante Aufblätterungen und neben dem Abbau Zerrrungen entstehen. Dadurch wird das Grubengas mit Abklingen der Aufblätterung zur Seite in den dortigen Zerrungsbereich gedrückt. Dieser Bereich geht über den Einwirkungswinkel, der etwa 99 % der Senkungen erfasst, weit hinaus. Mit diesem Einwirkungswinkel werden nämlich 92 % der Zerrungen und Pressungen sowie der Krümmungen erfasst, die aber relevant für die Gaszirkulationswege sind, die das Gas auch in den Bereich außerhalb des Einwirkungs- und Einflusswinkels des Abbaus treibt. Berücksichtigt man die durch die Abbautätigkeit entstehenden Gebirgsbewegungen, so errechnet sich ein Einwirkungswinkel von 18 gon, da erst dann die Zerrungen aus Krümmungen und die Zerrungen aus unterschiedlichen Verschiebungen überall im Gebirge gleiche Werte haben und somit die Gebirgsharmonie wiederhergestellt ist. Innerhalb dieses Bereiches, d. h. also insbesondere jenseits des Senkungstroges bis zu den Rändern des Einwirkungswinkels (18 gon) migriert das Grubengas und gelangt über große Flächen verteilt in die Atmosphäre. Dadurch entsteht eine beachtliche Bedeutung für das Kyoto-Protokoll, denn dieses Grubengas belastet die Umwelt, obwohl es wegen der großen Fläche und der stetigen Gaszirkulation sowie der weitläufigen Austritte aus dem Boden messtechnisch schwer zu bestimmen ist. Mit der erfindungsgemäßen Orientierung der Bohrlöcher zur Grubengasgewinnung wird nun dieses Grubengas hereingewonnen und kann nutzbar gemacht werden. Dabei ist die Umweltbelastung nicht nur auf die Zeit während des Abbaus von Steinkohle beschränkt, sondern auch auf die Zeit danach, denn die Klüfte, Scherflächen und Risse bleiben geöffnet, solange darunter oder im Umfeld kein Abbau geführt wird, bei dem die Zirkulationswege zugepresst werden. Vorteilhaft ist dabei weiter, dass die einmal geweiteten Zirkulationswege für das Grubengas mehr oder weniger senkrecht einfallen und durch den Überlagerungsdruck nicht zugepresst werden. Damit besteht für den gesamten Zeitraum die Möglichkeit, mit Hilfe des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens das die Umwelt ansonsten belastende Grubengas abzusaugen und nutzbar zu machen. Nach einer zweckmäßigen Weiterbildung der Erfindung ist vorgesehen, dass die Bohrlöcher außerhalb oder innerhalb des Grenzwinkels für Grubengaszirkulation orientiert und möglichst horizontal und oberhalb des Abbauniveaus abgelenkt werden. Die Anordnung der Bohrlöcher außerhalb des Einwirkungs- oder Einflusswinkels der Abbaueinwirkungen hat den Vorteil, dass die Bohrlöcher lange genug stehen können, um der Grubengasgewinnung zur Verfügung zu stehen. Von daher werden sie in der Regel innerhalb des Grenzwinkels für die Grubengaszirkulation hergestellt, seltener noch außerhalb dieses Grenzwinkels. Sie werden zunächst einmal senkrecht in den Erdboden eingebracht, um dann gezielt in Richtung Abbau abgelenkt und damit in den Bereich der Gaszirkulationswege zu gelangen.The invention makes it possible, through the orientation of the corresponding boreholes or boreholes, that it utilizes the fact that, although the usual influence or influence angle, which as a rule is between 50 gon and 100 gon, limits the damage to the surface for days, but that the degradation effects also act and asymptotically go to zero, which in particular relates to the gas pathway in the mountains or the resulting gas circulation paths. The subsidence detected or produced in the area of the influence or influence angle is of interest for the process in that it causes inclinations and curvatures and horizontal strains and compressions as well as vertical elongations and compressions. Essential for the circulation of the mine gas and the orientation of the wells for the extraction of the mine gas are mainly the horizontal strains and vertical stretches of the mountains, because they open the fractures and shearing and degradation conditional cracks and scroll the layer surfaces above the degradation advantageous. In addition, convex curvatures occur outside or to the side of the excavation, which are an occasion for gas circulation-relevant distortions of the mountains. Strains and strains can be artificially gas trails or Gaszirkulationswege arise that are exploited by the method according to the invention and used for mine gas production, especially between the critical angle for mining action days, ie in the region of the lowering trough and the critical angle for mine gas circulation due reduction or miner's activity. The invention further takes into account that initially above the degradation, gas-circulation-relevant delaminations and, in addition to the degradation, distortions occur. As a result, the mine gas is pressed with the fading of the exfoliation to the side in the local Zerrungsbereich. This range goes far beyond the angle of exposure, which accounts for approximately 99% of subsidence. With this angle of action, 92% of the strains and compressions as well as the curvatures are detected, but they are relevant for the gas circulation paths, which also push the gas into the area outside the influence and influence angle of the degradation. Taking into account the mountain movements resulting from the mining activity, an angle of action of 18 gon is calculated, since only then do the distortions from curvatures and the strains from different shifts have the same values throughout the mountains, and thus the mountain harmony is restored. Within this range, ie in particular beyond the lowering trough to the edges of the angle of action (18 gon), the mine gas migrates and spreads over large areas into the atmosphere. This creates considerable significance for the Kyoto Protocol, as this mine gas pollutes the environment, although it is difficult to determine from a metrological point of view because of the large area and the constant gas circulation as well as the large outflows from the ground. With the inventive orientation of the wells for mine gas extraction now this mine gas is won in and can be made usable. The environmental impact is limited not only to the time during the mining of hard coal, but also to the time thereafter, because the fractures, shear surfaces and cracks remain open as long as there is no degradation below or in the vicinity, in which the circulation paths are pressed. A further advantage is that once the circulation paths for the mine gas widened once more occur more or less vertically and are not pressed by the overlay pressure. This makes it possible for the entire period, using the method according to the invention to suck the environment otherwise polluting mine gas and harness. According to an expedient development of the invention it is provided that the boreholes are oriented outside or within the critical angle for mine gas circulation and deflected as horizontally and above the level of degradation. The placement of the wells outside the action or angle of influence of the mining operations has the advantage that the wells can stand long enough to be available for mine gas production. Therefore, they are usually produced within the critical angle for the mine gas circulation, more rarely outside this critical angle. They are first introduced vertically into the ground, then selectively deflected towards degradation and thus reach the area of the gas circulation paths.
Nach einer weiteren zweckmäßigen Ausbildung ist vorgesehen, dass die Bohrlöcher in horizontalen Zielbereichen in Richtung Abbau oder in die entgegengesetzte Richtung orientiert werden, wobei die Richtung im Wesentlichen davon abhängt, wo die senkrechte Bohrung gestoßen worden ist. Wichtig ist dabei, dass auf diese Art und Weise die senkrecht stehenden und durch den Abbau entstandenen Gaszirkulationswege angefahren und durchfahren werden. Dementsprechend sieht eine Weiterbildung vor, dass die Bohrlöcher inAccording to a further expedient embodiment it is provided that the boreholes are oriented in horizontal target areas in the direction of excavation or in the opposite direction, the direction essentially depending on where the vertical borehole has been pushed. It is important that in this way the perpendicular and formed by the degradation gas circulation paths are approached and traversed. Accordingly, a further development provides that the drilled holes in
Abbaurichtung abgelenkt und die artifiziell geöffneten Zirkulationswege nicht unterbaut werden. Durch das Unterbauen besteht die Gefahr, dass die artifiziell geöffneten Zirkulationswege so beeinflusst werden, dass sie entweder sich ganz schließen oder aber sich so verändern, dass dann die gewünschte Gasgewinnung nicht mehr möglich ist.Direction of dismantling distracted and the artificially opened circulation paths are not supported. Undermounting there is a risk that the artificially opened circulation paths are influenced so that they either close completely or change so that the desired gas extraction is no longer possible.
Der Abbau im Steinkohlenbergbau wirkt im Wesentlichen auf die über dem Abbau befindlichen Gebirgsbereiche ein, sodass die Erfindung sinnvollerweise vorsieht, dass die Bohrlöcher über den laufenden und/oder geplanten Abbau geführt werden, um hier eine Hereingewinnung des Gases sicherzustellen. Der mehrfach erwähnte Senkungstrog bzw. der Einwirkungs- oder Einflusswinkel der Abbaueinwirkungen ist der Ausgangspunk der Aufblätterungen, weshalb es zweckmäßig ist, wenn die Bohrlöcher senkrecht oder diagonal zur Abbaurichtung angeordnet werden oder auch abgelenkt werden, sodass sie genau in diesen Bereich hineingelangen. Damit werden die Zirkulationswege mehr oder weniger senkrecht bis diagonal sowohl in Streich- als auch in Einfallrichtung durchbohrt. Dadurch gelingt es, das Grubengas auch seitlich der Abbauflächen zwischen dem üblichen Einflusswinkel für die Anforderungen der Bergschädenbearbeitung, d. h. zwischen dem so genannten Senkungstrog und dem Grenzwinkel für die Grubengaszirkulation hereinzugewinnen.Degradation in hard coal mining essentially affects the rock areas above the mining area, so that the invention makes sense to provide for the boreholes to be routed through the ongoing and / or planned mining to ensure that the gas flows in here. The repeatedly mentioned lowering trough or the action or influence angle of the degradation effects is the starting point of the exfoliation, so it is useful if the holes are arranged perpendicular or diagonal to the direction of degradation or are deflected so that they get into this area exactly. Thus, the circulation paths are pierced more or less vertically to diagonally in both strike and incidence directions. This makes it possible to gain the mine gas also laterally of the mining areas between the usual influence angle for the requirements of mining damage processing, ie between the so-called sink trough and the critical angle for mine gas circulation.
Üblicherweise werden im Bergbau die einzelnen Flöze in Abbaustreifen unterteilt hereingewonnen. Dies berücksichtigt das Verfahren insofern, als die Bohrlöcher so orientiert werden, dass die Aufteilung der Abbaufläche in mehrere Abbaubetriebe/Abbaustreifen berücksichtigend orientiert wird. Insbesondere werden die Bohrlöcher so orientiert, dass die einzelnen Abbaustreifen eine Einheit bilden bzw. dass zwei oder mehrere Abbaustreifen eine Einheit bilden. Dadurch ist eine Anpassung auch an sich ändernde Gegebenheiten möglich, sodass das Verfahren vielseitig eingesetzt werden kann.Usually in mining the individual seams are divided into mining strips. This takes into account the process insofar as the boreholes are oriented in such a way that the division of the excavation surface into several excavation operations / removal strips is taken into account. In particular, the boreholes are oriented such that the individual removal strips form a unit or that two or more removal strips form a unit. As a result, an adaptation to changing circumstances is possible, so that the method can be used in many ways.
Schließlich sieht die Erfindung vor, dass das abgesaugte Grubengas der Energieversorgung zugeführt wird, was auch deshalb optimal möglich ist, weil relativ reines Grubengas mit hohen Prozenten hereingewonnen werden kann und zwar mit deutlich über 50 % Methan im Methan-Luftgemisch.Finally, the invention provides that the exhausted mine gas is supplied to the power supply, which is also optimally possible because relatively pure mine gas can be recovered with high percentages and indeed with well over 50% methane in the methane-air mixture.
Die Erfindung zeichnet sich insbesondere dadurch aus, dass unter Berücksichtigung der bestehenden Auflagen nicht nur Grubengas im Bereich des Abbaus selbst hereingewonnen wird, sondern auch in den Nachbarbereichen, die bisher für die Grubengasgewinnung völlig unberücksichtigt blieben. Damit können unter Berücksichtigung des Kyoto-Protokolls Umweltbelastungen deutlich reduziert oder gar ganz vermieden werden, weil man eben auch in den Bereichen Grubengas hereingewinnt, in die das Grubengas aufgrund der Abbaueinwirkungen migriert ist und unter Umständen lange gespeichert bleibt, die bisher völlig unberücksichtigt blieben. Diese Bereiche sind die bis zu etwa 18 gon. Es ist also ein wesentlich größerer Bereich als der durch den Senkungstrog erkennbare Bereich. Die nach dem Verfahren mögliche Grubengasgewinnung dient merkantilen Zwecken aber vor allem auch dem Umweltschutz. Wesentlich dabei ist die erreichte Wirtschaftlichkeit, die insbesondere auch dadurch erreicht wird, dass die hergestellten Bohrungen bzw. Bohrlöcher gezielt die Gaszirkulationswege durchschneiden und damit ein Hereingewinnen der dort gespeicherten großen Gasmengen ermöglichen.The invention is characterized in particular by the fact that taking into account the existing conditions not only mine gas is recovered in the area of the mining itself, but also in the neighboring areas, which were previously completely disregarded for mine gas production. Thus, under consideration of the Kyoto Protocol, environmental pollution can be significantly reduced or even completely avoided, because it is also possible to gain in the areas of mine gas, into which the mine gas due to the degradation effects has been migrated and possibly stored for a long time, which was previously completely disregarded. These areas are up to about 18 gon. It is therefore a much larger area than the recognizable by the sink trough area. The mine gas production possible according to the method serves mercantile purposes but above all also environmental protection. Essential here is the economy achieved, which is achieved in particular by the fact that the holes or holes produced cut through the targeted gas circulation paths and thus allow a win-in of stored there large amounts of gas.
Weitere Einzelheiten und Vorteile des Erfindungsgegenstandes ergeben sich aus der nachfolgenden Beschreibung der zugehörigen Zeichnung, in der ein bevorzugtes Ausführungsbeispiel mit den dazu notwendigen Einzelheiten und Einzelteilen dargestellt ist. Es zeigt:Further details and advantages of the subject invention will become apparent from the following description of the accompanying drawings in which a preferred embodiment with the necessary details and individual parts is shown. It shows:
Figur 1 einen schematisch wiedergegebenen Abbaubetrieb mit Grenzwinkeln.Figure 1 shows a schematically reproduced mining operation with critical angles.
In Figur 1 ist das Steinkohlengebirge allgemein mit 1 bezeichnet und ein angedeutetes Flöz mit 2. Oberhalb dieses Flözes 2 bzw. des dort stattfindenden oder stattgefundenen Abbaus entsteht ein Senkungstrog 3, wobei dabei auch gaszirkulationsrelevante Aufblätterungen und neben dem Abbau Zerrungen entstehen. Dadurch wird das Grubengas mit Abklingen der Aufblätterung zur Seite in den dortigen Zerrungsbereich gedrückt, also in den Bereich auch außerhalb des Senkungstroges 3. Die Erdoberfläche im Bereich des Senkungstroges 4 liegt damit entsprechend weit unterhalb der übrigen Erdoberfläche 4'.In Figure 1, the coal mountains is generally denoted by 1 and an indicated seam with 2. Above this seam 2 and there taking place or taken place degradation creates a sink trough 3, which also arise gas circulation relevant Aufblätterungen and in addition to the degradation strains. As a result, the mine gas is pressed with the fading of the exfoliation to the side in the local Zerrungsbereich, ie in the area outside the lowering trough 3. The earth's surface in the region of the lowering trough 4 is thus correspondingly far below the rest of the earth's surface 4 '.
Der Zerrungsbereich geht deutlich über den des Einwirkungswinkels, der 99 % der Senkungen erfasst, hinaus. Mit diesem Einwirkungswinkel 5 werden nämlich nur 92 % der Zerrungen und Pressungen sowie der Krümmungen erfasst. Dazu kommen 88 % der Stauchungen und Streckungen. Mit der erfindungsgemäßen Orientierung der Bohrlöcher 9, 10 zur Grubengasgewinnung zwischen dem Einwirkungs- und Einflusswinkel 5 und dem Grenzwinkel 6 für die Grubengaszirkulation in Folge der Abbautätigkeit wird durch die Erfindung der Tatbestand genutzt, dass die Gebirgsbewegungen in Form des Abbaus dem allgemein gültigen Naturgesetz des geringsten Energieaufwandes folgen. Danach geschieht das, was den geringsten Energieaufwand erforderlich macht. Die Orientierung der Bohrlöcher 9, 10 zur Grubengasgewinnung außerhalb des üblichen Einflusswinkels 5 für die Bergschädenbearbeitung beachtet, dass Krümmungen im Gebirge 1 zu Verschiebungen von Gebirgsmaterial in Richtung Abbau führen. Dasselbe geschieht durch den Trend, dass das Gebirge 1 in Richtung Abbau wandert und zwar abnehmend mit größer werdendem Abstand zum Abbau, was dann wie bei der Krümmung zu Zerrungen führt. Die Zerrungen sind mit 12, die Streckungen mit 11 bezeichnet.The distortion range is well beyond that of the angle of impact, which accounts for 99% of the subsidence. With this angle of action 5, only 92% of the strains and compressions and the curvatures are detected. Added to this are 88% of the compressions and dilations. With the inventive orientation of the holes 9, 10 for mine gas production between the influence and influence angle 5 and the critical angle 6 for the mine gas circulation as a result of the mining activity is exploited by the invention of the fact that the mountain movements in the form of the degradation of the generally valid law of the lowest energy consumption. After that happens what makes the least amount of energy required. The orientation of the boreholes 9, 10 for mine gas production outside the usual influence angle 5 for the mining damage processing notes that curvatures in the mountains 1 lead to shifts of rock material towards mining. The same happens due to the trend that the mountains 1 migrate in the direction of degradation and indeed decreasing with increasing distance to the degradation, which then leads to strains as in the curvature. The strains are labeled 12, the strains 11.
Die beiden vorgenannten und vorstehend beschriebenen zerrungsauslosenden Vorgänge folgen dem allgemein gültigen Naturgesetz des geringsten Energieaufwandes in einer Art und Weise, dass sie sich stützen und nicht behindern. Dieser Sachverhalt erzwingt einen Einwirkungswinkel bzw. Grenzwinkel 6 von rund 18 gon, damit die Zerrungen aus Krümmungen und die Zerrungen aus unterschiedlichen Verschiebungen überall im Gebirge gleiche Werte haben und somit Gebirgsbewegungsharmonie entsteht.The two above-mentioned anti-stress processes follow the generally valid law of nature of the least expenditure of energy in such a way that they support and do not hinder each other. This circumstance forces an angle of action or critical angle 6 of about 18 gon, so that the distortions from curvatures and the strains from different displacements have the same values everywhere in the mountains, and thus mountain movement harmony arises.
Über die auseinander gezerrten Klüfte, Scherflächen und Risse, die zwischen den Einwirkungswinkel 5 und dem Einwirkungswinkel bzw. Grenzwinkel 6 vorhanden sind, migriert das Grubengas, über große Flächen verteilt, letztlich in die Atmosphäre. Damit kommt das Kyoto-Protokoll ins Spiel, denn dieses Grubengas belastet die Umwelt, was jetzt bei Anwendung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens nicht mehr erfolgt, weil es rechtzeitig hereingewonnen und nutzbar gemacht wird. Dabei ist die Umweltentlastung nicht nur auf die Zeit während des Abbaus von Steinkohle beschränkt, sondern erstreckt sich auch auf einen großen Zeitraum danach. Wie erkennbar ist, weisen die Zerrungen innerhalb des Bereiches zwischen den Winkeln 5 und 6 in Richtung Abbau. Dadurch sind diejenigen Klüfte, Aufscherungen und Risse, die senkrecht zu dieser Zerrungsrichtung streichen, artifiziell geöffnet und für die Grubengaszirkulation und die Grubengasgewinnung wichtig. Die entsprechende Orientierung der Bohrlöcher 9, 10 nutzt im vorstehenden Zusammenhang, dass aufgrund des großen räumlichen Abstandes vom initiierenden Abbau die artifiziell geweiteten Zirkulationswege mehr oder weniger senkrecht einfallen. Sie sind durch den Überlagerungsdruck nicht beeinflusst, sodass sie für die wirtschaftlich und den Umweltschutz wichtigen Grubengasgewinnungsschritte voll zur Verfügung stehen. Zweckmäßigerweise wird dabei das abgelenkte Bohrloch 10 entgegen der Abbaurichtung 8 geführt, sodass die Gaszirkulationswege mehr oder weniger senkrecht bis diagonal geschnitten werden bzw. durchbohrt werden. Alle genannten Merkmale, auch die der Zeichnung allein zu entnehmenden, werden allein und in Kombination als erfindungswesentlich angesehen. The fractured fractures, shearing surfaces and cracks, which are present between the angle of action 5 and the angle of action or limit angle 6, are used to migrate the CMM, distributed over large areas, into the atmosphere. Thus, the Kyoto Protocol comes into play, because this mine gas pollutes the environment, which now no longer occurs when using the method according to the invention, because it is obtained in good time and made usable. The environmental relief is not limited only to the time during the mining of hard coal, but extends to a large period thereafter. As can be seen, the strains within the range between angles 5 and 6 point toward disassembly. As a result, those fractures, cuttings and cracks that are perpendicular to this direction of strain are artificially opened and important for mine gas circulation and mine gas production. The corresponding orientation of the boreholes 9, 10 uses in the above context that due to the large spatial distance from the initiating degradation, the artificially widened circulation paths are more or less perpendicular. They are not affected by the overlay pressure, so they are fully available for the mine gas recovery steps that are important for economic and environmental protection. Conveniently, the deflected borehole 10 is guided against the degradation direction 8, so that the gas circulation paths are cut more or less perpendicularly to diagonally or pierced. All mentioned features, including those of the drawing to be taken alone, are considered to be essential to the invention alone and in combination.

Claims

PATENTANSPRÜCHE
1. Verfahren zur Grubengasgewinnung außerhalb des üblichen den Senkungstrog begrenzenden Einwirkungs- oder Einflusswinkels von Abbaueinwirkungen über Tage und innerhalb eines Grenzwinkels für Grubengaszirkulation im Steinkohlengebirge und damit zur Vermeidung einer den Treibhauseffekt unterstützenden Gasfreisetzung, bei dem Bohrlöcher in die Gebirgsbereiche gestoßen und anschließend das Grubengas abgesaugt wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet , dass die Bohrlöcher zunächst senkrecht ins Gebirge gestoßen und dann gezielt so abgelenkt und orientiert werden, dass die infolge der Abbaueinwirkungen in diesem Bereich entstandenen oder entstehenden Gaszirkulationswege senkrecht bis diagonal sowohl in Streich- als auch in Einfallrichtung betrachtet, durchbohrt werden.1. A method for mine gas extraction outside the usual the sink trough limiting impact or influence angle of mining activities over days and within a critical angle for mine gas circulation in the coal mountains and thus avoiding the greenhouse effect supporting gas release, encountered in the boreholes in the mountain areas and then the mine gas is sucked , characterized in that the boreholes are first pushed vertically into the mountains and then deliberately deflected and oriented so that the resulting as a result of degradation effects in this area or gas circulation paths perpendicular to diagonal considered both in strike and in Einfallrichtung be pierced.
2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Bohrlöcher außerhalb oder innerhalb des Grenzwinkels für2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the boreholes outside or within the critical angle for
Grubengaszirkulation orientiert und möglichst horizontal und oberhalb des Abbauniveaus abgelenkt werden.Mine gas circulation oriented and distracted as horizontally and above the mining level.
3. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Bohrlöcher in horizontalen Zielbereichen in Richtung Abbau oder in die entgegengesetzte Richtung orientiert werden.3. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the boreholes are oriented in horizontal target areas in the direction of degradation or in the opposite direction.
4. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet , dass die Bohrlöcher in Abbaurichtung abgelenkt und die artifiziell geöffneten Zirkulationswege nicht unterbaut werden. 4. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the bores deflected in the direction of degradation and the artificially opened circulation paths are not supported.
5. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch geke nzeichnet , dass die Bohrlöcher über den laufenden und/oder geplanten Abbau geführt werden.5. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized geke nzeichnet that the boreholes are performed on the current and / or planned reduction.
6. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Bohrlöcher senkrecht oder diagonal zur Abbaurichtung angeordnet werden.6. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the boreholes are arranged perpendicular or diagonal to the direction of degradation.
7. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch geke nnzeichnet , dass die Bohrlöcher die Aufteilung der Abbaufläche in mehrere Abbaube- triebe/Abbaustreifen berücksichtigend orientiert werden.7. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized geke nnzeichnet that the boreholes are oriented taking into account the division of the mining area into several mining gear / mining strips.
8. Verfahren nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Bohrlöcher so orientiert werden, dass die einzelnen Abbaustreifen eine Einheit bilden.8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that the boreholes are oriented so that the individual removal strips form a unit.
9. Verfahren nach einem der vorherigen Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Bohrlöcher so orientiert werden, dass zwei oder mehrere Abbaustreifen eine Einheit bilden.9. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the boreholes are oriented so that two or more cleavage strips form a unit.
10. Verfahren nach einem oder mehreren der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet , dass das abgesaugte Grubengas der Energieversorgung zugeführt wird. 10. The method according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the extracted mine gas is supplied to the power supply.
EP05714885A 2004-01-23 2005-01-21 Method for extracting a mine gas in areas which are not directly influenced by mining Not-in-force EP1711684B1 (en)

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DE102004003486A DE102004003486A1 (en) 2004-01-23 2004-01-23 Method of extracting mine gas in mountain areas not directly affected by mining
PCT/DE2005/000079 WO2005071226A1 (en) 2004-01-23 2005-01-21 Method for extracting a mine gas in areas which are not directly influenced by mining

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CN101915085B (en) * 2010-08-13 2011-09-28 山西晋城无烟煤矿业集团有限责任公司 Low-air-permeability coal-bed gas extraction method
CN102031950B (en) * 2010-12-06 2012-02-15 煤炭科学研究总院西安研究院 Hole-forming process method for comb gas extraction borehole in coal seam roof
DE102011102448A1 (en) * 2011-04-08 2012-10-11 Prof. Dr.-Ing. Ehrhardt Wilhelm Method of demethanizing groundwater
CN106437825A (en) * 2016-12-05 2017-02-22 山西石泉煤业有限责任公司 Gas extraction method adopting high-level drilling on full-mechanized caving mining face of high gas mine
CN111764955A (en) * 2020-07-21 2020-10-13 中煤科工集团重庆研究院有限公司 Coal roadway advance region pre-extraction method based on directional extraction drilling cross-roadway arrangement

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