EP1705994A1 - Bakers yeast with improved resistance against elevated sugar levels in dough and against weak organic acids - Google Patents

Bakers yeast with improved resistance against elevated sugar levels in dough and against weak organic acids

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Publication number
EP1705994A1
EP1705994A1 EP05701240A EP05701240A EP1705994A1 EP 1705994 A1 EP1705994 A1 EP 1705994A1 EP 05701240 A EP05701240 A EP 05701240A EP 05701240 A EP05701240 A EP 05701240A EP 1705994 A1 EP1705994 A1 EP 1705994A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
yeast
strain
dough
baker
strains
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP05701240A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Didier Colavizza
Annie Loiez
Jean-Charles Bartolucci
Anne-Dominique Quipourt-Isnard
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Lesaffre et Cie SA
Original Assignee
Lesaffre et Cie SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Lesaffre et Cie SA filed Critical Lesaffre et Cie SA
Priority to EP05701240A priority Critical patent/EP1705994A1/en
Publication of EP1705994A1 publication Critical patent/EP1705994A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A21—BAKING; EDIBLE DOUGHS
    • A21D—TREATMENT, e.g. PRESERVATION, OF FLOUR OR DOUGH, e.g. BY ADDITION OF MATERIALS; BAKING; BAKERY PRODUCTS; PRESERVATION THEREOF
    • A21D8/00—Methods for preparing or baking dough
    • A21D8/02—Methods for preparing dough; Treating dough prior to baking
    • A21D8/04—Methods for preparing dough; Treating dough prior to baking treating dough with microorganisms or enzymes
    • A21D8/047—Methods for preparing dough; Treating dough prior to baking treating dough with microorganisms or enzymes with yeasts
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A21—BAKING; EDIBLE DOUGHS
    • A21D—TREATMENT, e.g. PRESERVATION, OF FLOUR OR DOUGH, e.g. BY ADDITION OF MATERIALS; BAKING; BAKERY PRODUCTS; PRESERVATION THEREOF
    • A21D10/00—Batters, dough or mixtures before baking

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to new strains of bread-making yeasts, also called baker's yeasts, effective on highly sweet doughs, and possibly in the presence of mold inhibitors; it also targets, as new industrial products, fresh or dry bread-making yeasts obtained from these strains and their use in bread-making.
  • Baked bread products especially when sold sliced, are prone to mold development after a few days of storage. Consequently, it is often essential to add to the composition of the breads intended to be sliced, during their manufacture, anti-mold or anti-fungal agents belonging to the family of weak organic acids (having a pKa of 3 to 6) and their salts, such as acetic acid, propionic acid, sorbic acid or their salts, or other preservatives conventionally used in the baking industry. These acids have a more or less significant inhibiting effect on bread-making yeasts. In practice, it is calcium propionate which is the most used as a mold mold inhibitor.
  • the present invention makes it possible to at least partially remedy the inhibitory effects of a high content of sugar (s) in the dough, optionally in the presence of a mold inhibitor as described above.
  • the present invention relates to new bread yeast strains, and more generally to a new family of bread yeast strains, corresponding to high-performance yeasts on sweet doughs, with or without the addition of mold inhibitors such as acids. weak organics and / or their salts. Thanks to the different yeast strains belonging to this family, the "proof time", measured in different bread recipes, is reduced by the use of one of these new strains.
  • the proof time is a measure commonly used in the baking industry. It is defined as the time necessary for the baking dough to reach a certain height in the mold and to be ready to be baked.
  • the present invention relates to the three strains described above and all the strains belonging to the same family, that is to say all the strains which share the same properties as the three strains described above, as well as all the strains which can be derived from this family of strains, and in particular from the three deposited strains, by any transformation whatsoever, such as for example by one or more crosses, by mutation (spontaneous or induced) and by genetic transformation.
  • the advantages of the strains according to the invention are manifested in particular when the baker's yeasts obtained by culture of said strains are used as a fermentation agent in pasta with a high sugar content and possibly containing a mold inhibitor such as a weak organic acid and / or its salt.
  • the baker's yeasts obtained with the strains according to the invention can be particularly advantageous in: • bread-making processes of the NO-TIME DOUGH and SPONGE and DOUGH types with doughs containing between 12% and 28% of sugars as a percentage of the baker, with or without mold inhibitor, • NO-TIME DOUGH and SPONGE and DOUGH types of bread making processes with dough containing between 12% and 18% sugars as a percentage of the baker and a mold inhibitor, or • bread making processes NO-TIME DOUGH and SPONGE and DOUGH types with dough containing between 28% and 45% of sugars as a percentage of the baker, with or without mold inhibitor.
  • the present invention also relates to baker's yeasts obtained by culture of a strain according to the invention, and in particular to such yeasts adapted to the presence of weak organic acid, in particular by an adaptation process as described below.
  • the baker's yeast according to the invention can be a yeast cream, a pressed yeast or a dry yeast.
  • the yeast according to the invention is a dry yeast, it is preferably an instant dry yeast.
  • the present invention also relates to baking doughs or baking doughs containing baking yeast according to the invention.
  • the doughs according to the invention may contain at least 15% sugar relative to the mass of the flour, preferably at least 25% sugar relative to the mass of the flour. In particular, they may contain 40% or more of sugar relative to the mass of the flour.
  • the doughs according to the invention can more generally be doughs in which the fermentation takes place under an osmotic pressure such as that existing in doughs containing at least 15% sugar relative to the mass of the flour, preferably at least 25 % sugar relative to the mass of flour, or even about 40% or more sugar relative to the mass of flour.
  • Such pasta according to the invention may also contain mold inhibitors, preferably in the form of weak organic acids and / or their salts, and more preferably in the form of propionates, such as calcium propionate.
  • the present invention also relates to a process for preparing a baking dough in which a yeast according to the invention is used as a fermentation agent.
  • the invention also relates to a process for preparing a baked bread product in which a baking dough according to the invention is baked, as well as the bread products thus obtained . .
  • An objective of the present invention is to provide strains, giving after industrial culture a bread-making yeast having a very high tolerance to sugars, or even a very high tolerance to a high osmotic pressure, in the presence or not of at least one inhibitor molds, i.e. yeast strains adapted to high concentrations of sucrose, glucose, fructose, or a mixture of these sugars and possibly other fermentable sugars, in the presence or not, for example calcium propionate.
  • at least one inhibitor molds i.e. yeast strains adapted to high concentrations of sucrose, glucose, fructose, or a mixture of these sugars and possibly other fermentable sugars, in the presence or not, for example calcium propionate.
  • the yeasts which are the subject of the invention were obtained by systematic crosses between them of the strains used to produce commercial bread-making yeasts (commercial strains) or public collection centers known to be very osmotolerant and commercial strains or public collection centers known to be rather osmotolerant and not very sensitive to the presence of weak organic acids or their salts, used as mold inhibitors.
  • the sporulation and crossing program was carried out using conventional techniques, such as those taught in Chapter 7 "Sporulation and Hydridization of Yeast" by RR Fowell, from the reference work "The Yeasts", Volume 1, edited by AH Rose and JS Harrison, 1969- Académie Press.
  • strains obtained by this hybridization program have been multiplied in the laboratory by conventional methods, with adaptation to the presence of weak organic acid (s), as taught in US Patent No. 4,318,991 , with the addition of 0.1 g to 10 g of short-chain aliphatic carboxylic acids, such as aliphatic carboxylic acids with 2, 3 or 4 carbon atoms, and / or their salts per liter of must. .
  • the yeasts thus obtained from the strains resulting from the crossing program defined above were selected by bread-making tests in the NO-TIME DOUGH scheme, that is to say in the direct scheme.
  • This scheme practically does not involve the first fermentation between intensive kneading and the division of the dough, the doughs obtained being fermented in a mold between 35 ° C and 40 ° C, then cooked.
  • This last fermentation which is the essential fermentation in such a scheme, is called “proof” in English, “apprêt” in French.
  • the “proof time” or priming time is defined as being the time necessary for the baking dough to reach a given height in the mold, corresponding to the development of the dough desired for it to be placed in the oven.
  • the variables in these bread-making tests were: • the percentage by mass of sugar compared to flour; • the percentage by mass of calcium propionate compared to flour; • the percentage by mass of yeast in terms of dry matter compared to flour.
  • the control is a dough obtained under the same conditions and with the same dough composition, except that it is seeded with a yeast produced under the same conditions as the strains tested, with adaptation to the presence of acid ( s) weak organic (s), but this time obtained with the baking yeast strain NCYC 996, deposited at the NCYC (National Collection of Yeast Cultures, Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Colney, Norwich , NR4 7UA, United Kingdom), and described in particular in US Pat. No. 4,396,632.
  • This strain has been, for twenty years, the reference strain for obtaining high-performance commercial baking yeasts on sweet doughs containing or not mold inhibitors.
  • the selection criteria used in a first selection were at least two of the following three criteria, and preferably the following three criteria taken in combination: 1. on dough containing 15% sugar (percentage of the baker) with or without addition of 0 , 4% calcium propionate (percentage of the baker), the selected strains correspond to bread-making yeasts giving a proof time at least equivalent, that is to say less than or equal to the proof time obtained with the control; 2.
  • the selected strains correspond to bread-making yeasts giving a proof time lower by at least 5% and preferably at least 10% at the witness' proof time; 3. on dough with 40% sugar (percentage of the baker), the selected strains correspond to bread-making yeasts giving a proof time lower by at least 20%, preferably by at least 30% and more preferably by minus 35% at the witness's proof time.
  • the two other selection criteria below were used in a second selection in combination with the three criteria described above, the selected strain must also satisfy one of these two complementary criteria: 1) The bread-making yeasts obtained with a strain from the first selection must be resistant to drying.
  • a "SPONGE and DOUGH" scheme is a bread-making process widely practiced with two stages of fermentation: - a first stage, or SPONGE, which corresponds to the fermentation of a dough comprising 50 to 70% of the total flour used, part of the water and all of the yeast for several hours, generally around four hours, - a second stage, or DOUGH, in which the SPONGE after the fermentation described above is combined with the rest of the flour, the rest of the water and the other ingredients of the dough (including all the sucrose), the mixture thus formed is kneaded, divided, put into mold and fermented, this second fermentation in mold corresponds to proof, its duration being the proof time, then cooked.
  • a variant of the invention consists in using the five predefined selection criteria directly in combination and in selecting the strains meeting at least three of these criteria, and preferably four of these selection criteria.
  • the crossing and selection processes described above made it possible to select the three strains deposited at the CNCM under the numbers: 1-2971, 1-3142 and 1-3143.
  • These three selected strains, and the other strains capable of being selected by said crossing and selection processes make it possible to obtain, at the industrial stage, new bread-making yeasts having the properties defined by the selection criteria with respect to the yeasts of bread-making obtained with the reference strain NCYC 996.
  • said new bread-making yeasts combining at least three properties corresponding to the selection criteria, and preferably four properties defined by the selection criteria, are obtained in the following manner with the new yeast strains according to the invention.
  • Said yeast strains and the reference strain NCYC 996 are used for the manufacture of bread-making yeasts in particular as described in the reference book "Yeast Technology", 2 nd edition, 1991, G. Reed and TW Nagodawithana, published by Van Nostrand Reinhold, ISBN 0-442-31892-8.
  • the manufacture of baker's yeast comprises at least the first two stages of the set of the following stages: multiplication of a pure baker's yeast strain in several stages, first semi-anaerobically, then aerobically, separation by centrifugation of the baker's yeast thus produced from its culture medium, with the obtaining of a " yeast cream »liquid containing approximately between 14 and 25% of dry matter, or even a higher amount of dry matter if the yeast cream is mixed with osmotic products, filtration of the liquid yeast cream thus obtained, generally on a rotary vacuum filter and obtaining a dehydrated fresh yeast containing from 26% to 35% of dry matter, - mixing of said dehydrated fresh yeast with a view to obtaining a very homogeneous mass, extrusion of the yeast thus obtained and obtaining pressed yeast in the form of fresh yeast breads or indebted fresh yeast, marketed at around 30% dry matter, or, if the yeast is intended to be s scale, in the form of particles, in general of granules.
  • the new yeasts according to the invention are adapted, during their last stage of multiplication to stress due to weak organic acids, by known methods, such as the method described in US Pat. No. 4,318,991, with the addition of 0.1 g to 10 g of short-chain aliphatic carboxylic acids, such as aliphatic carboxylic acids with 2, 3 or 4 carbon atoms, and / or their salts, per liter of must.
  • This adaptation process can optionally be combined with a process of the type described in US Pat. No.
  • the objects of the present invention are: • each of the three new strains deposited at the CNCM under the numbers 1-2971, 1- 3142, 1-3143. • the strains belonging to the same family of strains as these three strains, that is to say: - the strains capable of being obtained by the same crossing process and the same selection process as these three strains, - the strains sharing the same properties as these three strains; • the strains obtained from one of the strains defined above, in particular by one or more crosses or by mutation; • the new bread-making yeasts obtained by culture of one of the strains defined above; • the new bread products obtained with the strains defined above.
  • the tests A 5 , A ' 5 , A 6 and A' 6 used according to the first criterion of the second selection are carried out using the Burrows and Harrison fermentometer described in the "Journal of Institute of Brewing", vol. LXV, No. 1, January-February 1959 and are defined exactly as follows.
  • the quantity of fermentable sugars brought only by flour is limiting; Consequently, the test is modified as follows: we add a weight of yeast corresponding to 106 mg of dry matter yeast, instead of 160 mg, and the reading of the quantity of gas produced is by convention multiplied by 1.5.
  • Test identical to test A 6 by proceeding to rehydrate the 320 mg of yeast dry matter in the form of active dry yeast as for test A ' 5 .
  • the drying conditions are those taught by EP 0511108 and US 5,741,695.
  • the strains are cultivated in a concentrated medium, that is to say in a medium where the total weight of the must at the end of culture relative to the quantity of molasses poured is of the order of 4 , 7.5 to 5.5 with an average hourly multiplication rate of the order of 1.17 to 1.18, so as to obtain yeasts pressed to 30-35% of dry matter having: • an amount of buds less than 5%,
  • This fresh yeast is dried by rapid drying which is gentle in the presence of an emulsifier, for example in the presence of 1.5% of sorbitan monostearate.
  • the process for the manufacture of fresh yeasts suitable for bread-making used in the PTi and PT 2 tests corresponds to the conventional process for the manufacture of baker's yeast as described above, and comprises during the last stage of culture an adaptation to the stress due to the presence of weak organic acids according to the combined teachings of US Pat. Nos. 4,318,991 and 4,346,115.
  • the test protocol applied to the two recipes above in the two PTi and PT 2 tests is as follows: 1. Weigh the 6 or 7 solid ingredients. 2. Measure the room temperature and the temperature of the flour. 3. Adjust the water temperature to obtain a dough temperature of 27 ° C +/- 0.5 ° C. 4. Place the ingredients in a Mac Duffy® bowl of a HobartA200® kneader. 5. Mix slowly the speed era for 1 min. 6. Start kneading according to the following program: * in 1st speed for 5 min * let stand for 5 min * in 2nd speed for 5 min. 7. Obtaining a dough having a temperature of 27 ° C +/- 0.5 ° C. 8. Pointing the mass at 23 ° C for 10 min. 9.
  • the PTi and PT 2 tests can also be used for the selection of mutants or crosses from the three strains 1-2971, 1-3142 and 1-3143.
  • strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae according to the invention are strains obtained by one or more crosses of the three deposited strains mentioned above or strains obtained by one or more mutations of one of said strains
  • said strains (crosses or mutants ) are preferably strains giving in the PT 2 test a drop in proof time compared to the control strain NCYC 996 at least equal to 80% of the drop in proof time obtained in the PT 2 test with the strain 1-2971 by compared to said control strain NCYC 996, preferably at least 85% and more preferably at least 90% of the drop in proof time obtained in the PT 2 test with the strain 1-2971 compared to the control strain NCYC 996.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Mycology (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Bakery Products And Manufacturing Methods Therefor (AREA)
  • Micro-Organisms Or Cultivation Processes Thereof (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to bread yeast strains that are effective in dough with a high sugar concentration, optionally in the presence of fungus inhibitors, to fresh or dry bread yeast obtained from said strains, and to the use thereof in bread-making.

Description

LEVURES DE PANIFICATION RESISTANTES A UNE CONCENTRATION ELEVEE EN SUCRE DANS LA PATE ET A LA PRESENCE D'ACIDES ORGANIQUES FAIBLES BREAD YEAST RESISTANT TO A HIGH CONCENTRATION OF SUGAR IN THE PASTE AND TO THE PRESENCE OF LOW ORGANIC ACIDS
DOMAINE DE L'INVENTIONFIELD OF THE INVENTION
La présente invention est relative à de nouvelles souches de levures de panification, également appelées levures de boulangerie, performantes sur pâtes fortement sucrées, et éventuellement en présence d'inhibiteurs de moisissures ; elle vise également, en tant que produits industriels nouveaux, les levures de panification fraîches ou sèches obtenues à partir de ces souches et leur utilisation en panification.The present invention relates to new strains of bread-making yeasts, also called baker's yeasts, effective on highly sweet doughs, and possibly in the presence of mold inhibitors; it also targets, as new industrial products, fresh or dry bread-making yeasts obtained from these strains and their use in bread-making.
DESCRIPTION DE LΕTAT DE LA TECHNIQUEDESCRIPTION OF THE STATE OF THE ART
Actuellement, le marché des produits de panification plus ou moins fortement sucrés et/ou contenant des inhibiteurs de moisissures représente un pourcentage important du marché mondial.Currently, the market for more or less strongly sweetened bread products and / or containing mold inhibitors represents a significant percentage of the world market.
Il existe des souches de levure de panification dites « rapides », adaptées aux pâtes sans sucre ou peu sucrées, c'est-à-dire ne contenant pas plus de 7% en masse de sucre par rapport à la masse de la farine. Les performances fermentaires de ces levures diminuent fortement lorsque la teneur en sucre de la pâte atteint ou dépasse 15% en masse par rapport à la masse de la farine.There are so-called “quick” bread yeast strains, suitable for dough without sugar or low sugar, that is to say containing no more than 7% by mass of sugar relative to the mass of flour. The fermentation performance of these yeasts drops sharply when the sugar content of the dough reaches or exceeds 15% by mass relative to the mass of the flour.
Les produits cuits de panification, en particulier quand ils sont vendus tranchés, sont sujets au développement de moisissures au bout de quelques jours de stockage. En conséquence, il est souvent essentiel d'ajouter à la composition des pains destinés à être tranchés, au cours de leur fabrication, des agents anti-moisissures ou anti-fongiques appartenant à la famille des acides organiques faibles (ayant un pKa de 3 à 6) et de leurs sels, comme l'acide acétique, l'acide propionique, l'acide sorbique ou leurs sels, ou d'autres conservateurs utilisés de façon classique dans le domaine de la panification. Ces acides ont un effet inhibiteur plus ou moins important sur les levures de panification. Dans la pratique, c'est le propionate de calcium qui est le plus utilisé comme inhibiteur de moisissures en panification.Baked bread products, especially when sold sliced, are prone to mold development after a few days of storage. Consequently, it is often essential to add to the composition of the breads intended to be sliced, during their manufacture, anti-mold or anti-fungal agents belonging to the family of weak organic acids (having a pKa of 3 to 6) and their salts, such as acetic acid, propionic acid, sorbic acid or their salts, or other preservatives conventionally used in the baking industry. These acids have a more or less significant inhibiting effect on bread-making yeasts. In practice, it is calcium propionate which is the most used as a mold mold inhibitor.
DEFINITION DE L'INVENTIONDEFINITION OF THE INVENTION
La présente invention permet de remédier au moins partiellement aux effets inhibiteurs d'une teneur élevée en sucre(s) dans la pâte, éventuellement en présence d'un inhibiteur de moisissures tel que décrit ci-dessus. La présente invention est relative à de nouvelles souches de levure de panification, et de manière plus générale à une nouvelle famille de souches de levure de panification, correspondant à des levures performantes sur pâtes sucrées, additionnées ou non d'inhibiteurs de moisissures comme les acides organiques faibles et/ou leurs sels. Grâce aux différentes souches de levure appartenant à cette famille, le « proof time », mesuré dans différentes recettes panaires, se trouve diminué par l'emploi d'une de ces nouvelles souches. Le proof time est une mesure couramment utilisée dans le domaine de la panification. Il est défini comme étant le temps nécessaire pour que la pâte boulangère atteigne une certaine hauteur dans le moule et soit prête à être cuite.The present invention makes it possible to at least partially remedy the inhibitory effects of a high content of sugar (s) in the dough, optionally in the presence of a mold inhibitor as described above. The present invention relates to new bread yeast strains, and more generally to a new family of bread yeast strains, corresponding to high-performance yeasts on sweet doughs, with or without the addition of mold inhibitors such as acids. weak organics and / or their salts. Thanks to the different yeast strains belonging to this family, the "proof time", measured in different bread recipes, is reduced by the use of one of these new strains. The proof time is a measure commonly used in the baking industry. It is defined as the time necessary for the baking dough to reach a certain height in the mold and to be ready to be baked.
Une des nouvelles souches de Saccharomyces cerevisiae ainsi obtenue a été déposée, le 12 février 2003 en vertu du traité de Budapest auprès de la CNCM (Collection Nationale de Cultures de Micro-organismes, Institut Pasteur, 25 rue du Docteur Roux, F-75724 Paris Cedex 15, France) sous le numéro 1-2971.One of the new strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae thus obtained was deposited on February 12, 2003 under the Budapest Treaty with the CNCM (National Collection of Cultures of Microorganisms, Institut Pasteur, 25 rue du Docteur Roux, F-75724 Paris Cedex 15, France) under number 1-2971.
Deux autres nouvelles souches de Saccharomyces cerevisiae ainsi obtenues ont été déposées le 25 novembre 2003 auprès de la CNCM, sous les numéros 1-3142 et 1-3143. La présente invention concerne les trois souches décrites ci-dessus et l'ensemble des souches appartenant à la même famille, c'est-à-dire toutes les souches qui partagent les mêmes propriétés que les trois souches décrites ci-dessus, ainsi que toutes les souches qui peuvent être dérivées de cette famille de soμches, et en particulier des trois souches déposées, par toute transformation quelle qu'elle soit, comme par exemple par un ou plusieurs croisements, par mutation (spontanée ou induite) et par transformation génétique. Comme indiqué ci-dessus, les avantages des souches suivant l'invention se manifestent en particulier quand les levures de boulangerie obtenues par culture desdites souches sont utilisées comme agent de fermentation dans des pâtes à teneur élevée en sucres et contenant éventuellement un inhibiteur de moisissures tel qu'un acide organique faible et/ou son sel. Les levures de boulangerie obtenues avec les souches suivant l'invention peuvent être particulièrement intéressantes dans: • des procédés de panification des types NO-TIME DOUGH et SPONGE and DOUGH avec des pâtes contenant entre 12% et 28% de sucres en pourcentage du boulanger, avec ou sans inhibiteur de moisissures, • des procédés de panification des types NO-TIME DOUGH et SPONGE and DOUGH avec des pâtes contenant entre 12% et 18% de sucres en pourcentage du boulanger et un inhibiteur de moisissures, ou • des procédés de panification des types NO-TIME DOUGH et SPONGE and DOUGH avec des pâtes contenant entre 28% et 45% de sucres en pourcentage du boulanger, avec ou sans inhibiteur de moisissures.Two other new strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae thus obtained were deposited on November 25, 2003 with the CNCM, under the numbers 1-3142 and 1-3143. The present invention relates to the three strains described above and all the strains belonging to the same family, that is to say all the strains which share the same properties as the three strains described above, as well as all the strains which can be derived from this family of strains, and in particular from the three deposited strains, by any transformation whatsoever, such as for example by one or more crosses, by mutation (spontaneous or induced) and by genetic transformation. As indicated above, the advantages of the strains according to the invention are manifested in particular when the baker's yeasts obtained by culture of said strains are used as a fermentation agent in pasta with a high sugar content and possibly containing a mold inhibitor such as a weak organic acid and / or its salt. The baker's yeasts obtained with the strains according to the invention can be particularly advantageous in: • bread-making processes of the NO-TIME DOUGH and SPONGE and DOUGH types with doughs containing between 12% and 28% of sugars as a percentage of the baker, with or without mold inhibitor, • NO-TIME DOUGH and SPONGE and DOUGH types of bread making processes with dough containing between 12% and 18% sugars as a percentage of the baker and a mold inhibitor, or • bread making processes NO-TIME DOUGH and SPONGE and DOUGH types with dough containing between 28% and 45% of sugars as a percentage of the baker, with or without mold inhibitor.
L'utilité des souches suivant l'invention n'est pas limitée aux applications spécifiques citées ci-dessus.The usefulness of the strains according to the invention is not limited to the specific applications mentioned above.
La présente invention concerne également des levures de boulangerie obtenues par culture d'une souche suivant l'invention, et en particulier de telles levures adaptées à la présence d'acide organique faible, notamment par un procédé d'adaptation tel que décrit ci-après. La levure de boulangerie suivant l'invention peut être une crème de levure, une levure pressée ou une levure sèche. Quand la levure suivant l'invention est une levure sèche, elle est de préférence une levure sèche instantanée.The present invention also relates to baker's yeasts obtained by culture of a strain according to the invention, and in particular to such yeasts adapted to the presence of weak organic acid, in particular by an adaptation process as described below. . The baker's yeast according to the invention can be a yeast cream, a pressed yeast or a dry yeast. When the yeast according to the invention is a dry yeast, it is preferably an instant dry yeast.
La présente invention concerne également des pâtes de boulangerie ou pâtes boulangères contenant une levure de boulangerie suivant l'invention. Les pâtes suivant l'invention peuvent contenir au moins 15% de sucre par rapport à la masse de la farine, de préférence au moins 25% de sucre par rapport à la masse de la farine. En particulier, elles peuvent contenir 40% ou plus de sucre par rapport à la masse de la farine. Les pâtes suivant l'invention peuvent plus généralement être des pâtes dans lesquelles la fermentation se fait sous une pression osmotique telle que celle existant dans les pâtes contenant au moins 15% de sucre par rapport à la masse de la farine, de préférence au moins 25% de sucre par rapport à la masse de la farine, voire environ 40% ou plus de sucre par rapport à la masse de la farine. De telles pâtes suivant l'invention peuvent également contenir des inhibiteurs de moisissures, de préférence sous forme d'acides organiques faibles et/ou leurs sels, et encore de préférence sous forme de propionates, tels que le propionate de calcium.The present invention also relates to baking doughs or baking doughs containing baking yeast according to the invention. The doughs according to the invention may contain at least 15% sugar relative to the mass of the flour, preferably at least 25% sugar relative to the mass of the flour. In particular, they may contain 40% or more of sugar relative to the mass of the flour. The doughs according to the invention can more generally be doughs in which the fermentation takes place under an osmotic pressure such as that existing in doughs containing at least 15% sugar relative to the mass of the flour, preferably at least 25 % sugar relative to the mass of flour, or even about 40% or more sugar relative to the mass of flour. Such pasta according to the invention may also contain mold inhibitors, preferably in the form of weak organic acids and / or their salts, and more preferably in the form of propionates, such as calcium propionate.
La présente invention concerne également un procédé de préparation d'une pâte boulangère dans lequel on utilise une levure suivant l'invention comme agent de fermentation. L'invention concerne aussi un procédé de préparation d'un produit cuit de panification dans lequel on cuit une pâte boulangère selon l'invention, ainsi que les produits de panification ainsi obtenus..The present invention also relates to a process for preparing a baking dough in which a yeast according to the invention is used as a fermentation agent. The invention also relates to a process for preparing a baked bread product in which a baking dough according to the invention is baked, as well as the bread products thus obtained . .
DESCRIPTION DETAILLEE DE L'INVENTIONDETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Un objectif de la présente invention est de fournir des souches, donnant après culture industrielle une levure de panification possédant une très grande tolérance aux sucres, ou encore une très grande tolérance à une pression osmotique élevée, en présence ou non d'au moins un inhibiteur de moisissures, c'est-à-dire des souches de levure adaptées à des concentrations élevées en saccharose, en glucose, en fructose, ou encore en un mélange de ces sucres et éventuellement d'autres sucres fermentescibles, en présence ou non par exemple de propionate de calcium.An objective of the present invention is to provide strains, giving after industrial culture a bread-making yeast having a very high tolerance to sugars, or even a very high tolerance to a high osmotic pressure, in the presence or not of at least one inhibitor molds, i.e. yeast strains adapted to high concentrations of sucrose, glucose, fructose, or a mixture of these sugars and possibly other fermentable sugars, in the presence or not, for example calcium propionate.
Les levures, objet de l'invention, ont été obtenues par croisements systématiques entre elles des souches utilisées pour produire des levures de panification du commerce (souches du commerce) ou des centres de collections publics connues comme étant très osmotolérantes et des souches du commerce ou des centres de collection publics connues comme étant plutôt osmotolérantes et peu sensibles à la présence des acides organiques faibles ou de leurs sels, utilisés comme inhibiteurs de moisissures. Le programme de sporulation et de croisement a été réalisé selon les techniques classiques, comme celles enseignées dans le chapitre 7 « Sporulation and Hydridization of Yeast » par R.R. Fowell, de l'ouvrage de référence « The Yeasts », Volume 1, édité par A.H. Rose et J. S. Harrison, 1969- Académie Press. Les souches obtenues par ce programme d'hybridation ont été multipliées en laboratoire par des méthodes conventionnelles, avec adaptation à la présence d'acide(s) organique(s) faible(s), comme enseigné dans le brevet US n° 4 318 991, avec ajout de 0,1 g à 10 g d'acides carboxyliques aliphatiques à chaîne courte, tels que les acides carboxyliques aliphatiques à 2, 3 ou 4 atomes de carbone, et/ou leurs sels par litre de moût. . Les levures ainsi obtenues à partir des souches issues du programme de croisement ci-dessus défini ont été sélectionnées par des tests de panification en schéma NO-TIME DOUGH, c'est-à-dire en schéma direct. Ce schéma ne comporte pratiquement pas de première fermentation entre un pétrissage intensif et la division de la pâte, les pâtons obtenus étant fermentes en moule entre 35°C et 40°C, puis cuits. Cette dernière fermentation, qui est la fermentation essentielle dans un tel schéma, est appelée « proof» en anglais, « apprêt » en français. Le « proof time » ou temps d'apprêt est défini comme étant le temps nécessaire pour que la pâte boulangère atteigne une hauteur donnée dans le moule, correspondant au développement de la pâte souhaitée pour qu'elle soit mise au four. Les variables dans ces tests de panification ont été : • le pourcentage en masse de sucre par rapport à la farine ; • le pourcentage en masse de propionate de calcium par rapport à la farine ; • le pourcentage en masse de levure en terme de matières sèches par rapport à la farine. Tous les pourcentages sont exprimés en pourcentages dits du boulanger, le pourcentage dit du boulanger étant une méthode de calcul appliquée aux rapports des ingrédients dans laquelle la masse totale de la farine représente toujours 100% et la masse des autres ingrédients de la pâte est calculée par rapport à cette masse de farine. Le témoin est une pâte obtenue dans les mêmes conditions et avec une même composition de pâte, si ce n'est qu'elle est ensemencée avec une levure fabriquée dans les mêmes conditions que les souches testées, avec adaptation à la présence d'acide(s) organique(s) faible(s), mais cette fois-ci obtenue avec la souche de levure de boulangerie NCYC 996, déposée à la NCYC (National Collection of Yeast Cultures, Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Colney, Norwich, NR4 7UA, United Kingdom), et décrite notamment dans le brevet US n° 4 396 632. Cette souche est, depuis une vingtaine d'années, la souche de référence pour obtenir des levures de boulangerie commerciales performantes sur pâtes sucrées contenant ou non des inhibiteurs de moisissures.The yeasts which are the subject of the invention were obtained by systematic crosses between them of the strains used to produce commercial bread-making yeasts (commercial strains) or public collection centers known to be very osmotolerant and commercial strains or public collection centers known to be rather osmotolerant and not very sensitive to the presence of weak organic acids or their salts, used as mold inhibitors. The sporulation and crossing program was carried out using conventional techniques, such as those taught in Chapter 7 "Sporulation and Hydridization of Yeast" by RR Fowell, from the reference work "The Yeasts", Volume 1, edited by AH Rose and JS Harrison, 1969- Académie Press. The strains obtained by this hybridization program have been multiplied in the laboratory by conventional methods, with adaptation to the presence of weak organic acid (s), as taught in US Patent No. 4,318,991 , with the addition of 0.1 g to 10 g of short-chain aliphatic carboxylic acids, such as aliphatic carboxylic acids with 2, 3 or 4 carbon atoms, and / or their salts per liter of must. . The yeasts thus obtained from the strains resulting from the crossing program defined above were selected by bread-making tests in the NO-TIME DOUGH scheme, that is to say in the direct scheme. This scheme practically does not involve the first fermentation between intensive kneading and the division of the dough, the doughs obtained being fermented in a mold between 35 ° C and 40 ° C, then cooked. This last fermentation, which is the essential fermentation in such a scheme, is called "proof" in English, "apprêt" in French. The “proof time” or priming time is defined as being the time necessary for the baking dough to reach a given height in the mold, corresponding to the development of the dough desired for it to be placed in the oven. The variables in these bread-making tests were: • the percentage by mass of sugar compared to flour; • the percentage by mass of calcium propionate compared to flour; • the percentage by mass of yeast in terms of dry matter compared to flour. All the percentages are expressed in so-called baker's percentages, the so-called baker's percentage being a calculation method applied to ingredient reports in which the total mass of flour always represents 100% and the mass of the other ingredients of the dough is calculated by compared to this mass of flour. The control is a dough obtained under the same conditions and with the same dough composition, except that it is seeded with a yeast produced under the same conditions as the strains tested, with adaptation to the presence of acid ( s) weak organic (s), but this time obtained with the baking yeast strain NCYC 996, deposited at the NCYC (National Collection of Yeast Cultures, Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Colney, Norwich , NR4 7UA, United Kingdom), and described in particular in US Pat. No. 4,396,632. This strain has been, for twenty years, the reference strain for obtaining high-performance commercial baking yeasts on sweet doughs containing or not mold inhibitors.
Il est rappelé que la référence à un témoin est essentielle pour vérifier la bonne exécution de tout test visant à mesurer l'activité d'une levure de boulangerie, que cette activité soit exprimée en dégagement de CO2 ou en un autre paramètre tel que le proof time. Les critères de sélection utilisés dans une première sélection ont été au moins deux des trois critères suivants, et de préférence les trois critères suivants pris en combinaison : 1. sur pâte contenant 15% de sucre (pourcentage du boulanger) avec ou sans ajout de 0,4% de propionate de calcium (pourcentage du boulanger), les souches sélectionnées correspondent aux levures de panification donnant un proof time au moins équivalent, c'est-à- dire inférieur ou égal au proof time obtenu avec le témoin ; 2. sur pâte contenant 25% de sucre (pourcentage du boulanger) et 0,4% de propionate de calcium (pourcentage du boulanger), les souches sélectionnées correspondent aux levures de panification donnant un proof time inférieur d'au moins 5% et de préférence d' au moins 10% au proof time du témoin ; 3. sur pâte à 40% de sucre (pourcentage du boulanger), les souches sélectionnées correspondent aux levures de panification donnant un proof time inférieur d'au moins 20%, de préférence d'au moins 30% et de préférence encore d'au moins 35% au proof time du témoin. Les deux autres critères de sélection ci-après ont été utilisés dans une deuxième sélection en combinaison de manière complémentaire aux trois critères ci-dessus décrits, la souche sélectionnée devant en plus satisfaire un de ces deux critères complémentaires : 1) Les levures de panification obtenues avec une souche issue de la première sélection doivent être résistantes au séchage. En d'autres termes, dans les conditions de séchage décrites dans le brevet EP 0511108 ou le brevet US 5 741 695, elles ne doivent pas perdre plus de 30% de leur activité fermentative, à matières sèches constantes, mesurée avec le fermentomètre de Burrows et Harrison dans les tests A5, A'5, A6, A'6 décrits dans les documents ci-dessus mentionnées EP 0511108 et US 5 741 695, lesdites conditions de séchage et lesdits tests étant rappelés ci-après. 2) Les levures de panification obtenues avec une souche issue de la première sélection, dans un schéma SPONGE and DOUGH, tel que défini dans le livre de référence « Bakers Handbook » de E. J. Pyler, publié par Sosland Publishing Co., caractérisé par une étape DOUGH où il est ajouté 25% de saccharose en masse par rapport à la farine totale mise en œuvre dans le SPONGE and DOUGH, donnent, par rapport à un DOUGH obtenu dans les mêmes conditions et ensemencé avec une levure de panification obtenue dans les mêmes conditions avec la souche NCYC 996, une durée de proof time inférieure d'au moins 20%, de préférence d'au moins 30% et encore de préférence d'au moins 40%.It is recalled that the reference to a witness is essential to verify the proper execution of any test aimed at measuring the activity of a baker's yeast, whether this activity is expressed in release of CO 2 or in another parameter such as the proof time. The selection criteria used in a first selection were at least two of the following three criteria, and preferably the following three criteria taken in combination: 1. on dough containing 15% sugar (percentage of the baker) with or without addition of 0 , 4% calcium propionate (percentage of the baker), the selected strains correspond to bread-making yeasts giving a proof time at least equivalent, that is to say less than or equal to the proof time obtained with the control; 2. on dough containing 25% sugar (percentage of the baker) and 0.4% calcium propionate (percentage of the baker), the selected strains correspond to bread-making yeasts giving a proof time lower by at least 5% and preferably at least 10% at the witness' proof time; 3. on dough with 40% sugar (percentage of the baker), the selected strains correspond to bread-making yeasts giving a proof time lower by at least 20%, preferably by at least 30% and more preferably by minus 35% at the witness's proof time. The two other selection criteria below were used in a second selection in combination with the three criteria described above, the selected strain must also satisfy one of these two complementary criteria: 1) The bread-making yeasts obtained with a strain from the first selection must be resistant to drying. In other words, under the drying conditions described in patent EP 0511108 or US patent 5,741,695, they must not lose more than 30% of their fermentative activity, with constant dry matter, measured with the Burrows fermentometer and Harrison in tests A 5 , A ' 5 , A 6 , A' 6 described in the documents mentioned above EP 0511108 and US 5,741,695, said drying conditions and said tests being recalled below. 2) Bread yeasts obtained with a strain from the first selection, in a SPONGE and DOUGH scheme, as defined in the reference book "Bakers Handbook" by EJ Pyler, published by Sosland Publishing Co., characterized by a step DOUGH where it is added 25% sucrose by mass compared to the total flour used in the SPONGE and DOUGH, give, compared to a DOUGH obtained under the same conditions and seeded with a baking yeast obtained in the same conditions with the NCYC 996 strain, a proof time less than at least 20%, preferably at least 30% and more preferably at least 40%.
Selon la définition ci-dessus, un schéma « SPONGE and DOUGH » est un procédé de panification largement pratiqué avec deux étapes de fermentation : - une première étape, ou SPONGE, qui correspond à la fermentation d'une pâte comprenant 50 à 70% de la farine totale mise en œuvre, une partie de l'eau et la totalité de la levure pendant plusieurs heures, en général environ quatre heures, - une seconde étape, ou DOUGH, dans laquelle le SPONGE après la fermentation décrite ci-dessus est combiné avec le reste de la farine, le reste de l'eau et les autres ingrédients de la pâte (dont la totalité du saccharose), le mélange ainsi constitué est pétri, divisé, mis en moule et fermenté, cette seconde fermentation en moule correspond au proof, sa durée étant le proof time, puis cuit. Une variante de l'invention consiste à utiliser les cinq critères de sélection prédéfinis directement en combinaison et à sélectionner les souches répondant à au moins trois de ces critères, et de préférence à quatre de ces critères de sélection.According to the definition above, a "SPONGE and DOUGH" scheme is a bread-making process widely practiced with two stages of fermentation: - a first stage, or SPONGE, which corresponds to the fermentation of a dough comprising 50 to 70% of the total flour used, part of the water and all of the yeast for several hours, generally around four hours, - a second stage, or DOUGH, in which the SPONGE after the fermentation described above is combined with the rest of the flour, the rest of the water and the other ingredients of the dough (including all the sucrose), the mixture thus formed is kneaded, divided, put into mold and fermented, this second fermentation in mold corresponds to proof, its duration being the proof time, then cooked. A variant of the invention consists in using the five predefined selection criteria directly in combination and in selecting the strains meeting at least three of these criteria, and preferably four of these selection criteria.
Les procédés de croisement et de sélection ci-dessus décrits ont permis de sélectionner les trois souches déposées au CNCM sous les numéros : 1-2971, 1-3142 et 1-3143. Ces trois souches sélectionnées, et les autres souches susceptibles d'être sélectionnées par lesdits procédés de croisement et de sélection permettent d'obtenir, au stade industriel, des nouvelles levures de panification ayant les propriétés définies par les critères de sélection par rapport aux levures de panification obtenues avec la souche de référence NCYC 996. De manière générale, lesdites nouvelles levures de panification combinant au moins trois propriétés correspondant aux critères de sélection, et de préférence quatre propriétés définies par les critères de sélection, sont obtenues de la manière suivante avec les nouvelles souches de levure selon l'invention.The crossing and selection processes described above made it possible to select the three strains deposited at the CNCM under the numbers: 1-2971, 1-3142 and 1-3143. These three selected strains, and the other strains capable of being selected by said crossing and selection processes, make it possible to obtain, at the industrial stage, new bread-making yeasts having the properties defined by the selection criteria with respect to the yeasts of bread-making obtained with the reference strain NCYC 996. In general, said new bread-making yeasts combining at least three properties corresponding to the selection criteria, and preferably four properties defined by the selection criteria, are obtained in the following manner with the new yeast strains according to the invention.
Lesdites souches de levure et la souche de référence NCYC 996 sont utilisées pour la fabrication de levures de panification notamment comme décrit dans le livre de référence « Yeast Technology », 2ème édition, 1991, G. Reed et T.W. Nagodawithana, publié par Van Nostrand Reinhold, ISBN 0-442-31892-8. La fabrication de levure de boulangerie comprend au moins les deux premières étapes de l'ensemble des étapes suivantes : multiplication d'une souche pure de levure de boulangerie en plusieurs stades, d'abord en semi-anaérobiose, puis en aérobiose, séparation par centrifugation de la levure de boulangerie ainsi produite de son milieu de culture, avec l'obtention d'une « crème de levure » liquide contenant environ entre 14 et 25% de matières sèches, voire une quantité plus élevée de matières sèches si la crème de levure est mélangée avec des produits osmotiques, filtration de la crème de levure liquide ainsi obtenue, en général sur un filtre rotatif sous vide et obtention d'une levure fraîche déshydratée contenant de 26% à 35% de matières sèches, - malaxage de ladite levure fraîche déshydratée en vue de l'obtention d'une masse bien homogène, extrusion de la levure ainsi obtenue et obtention d'une levure pressée sous formes de pains de levure fraîche ou de levure fraîche endettée, commercialisées à environ 30% de matières sèches, ou, si la levure est destinée à être séchée, sous forme de particules, en général de granules. séchage de manière ménagée, dans un courant d'air chaud, par exemple par fluidisation, des particules de levures obtenues par extrusion, emballage. De préférence, les nouvelles levures selon l'invention sont adaptées, lors de leur dernier stade de multiplication au stress dû aux acides organiques faibles, par des procédés connus, comme le procédé décrit dans le brevet US n° 4 318 991, avec ajout de 0,1 g à 10 g d'acides carboxyliques aliphatiques à chaîne courte, tels que les acides carboxyliques aliphatiques à 2, 3 ou 4 atomes de carbone, et/ou leurs sels, par litre de moût. Ce procédé d'adaptation peut éventuellement être combiné avec un procédé du type décrit dans le brevet US n° 4 346 115, dans lequel, lors du dernier cycle de multiplication de la levure, on applique une coulée discontinue de mélasse, ladite coulée discontinue étant de préférence constituée par de brèves interruptions, par exemple : coulées de mélasse pendant 5 à 10 minutes suivies d'interruptions de coulée de 5 à 10 minutes.Said yeast strains and the reference strain NCYC 996 are used for the manufacture of bread-making yeasts in particular as described in the reference book "Yeast Technology", 2 nd edition, 1991, G. Reed and TW Nagodawithana, published by Van Nostrand Reinhold, ISBN 0-442-31892-8. The manufacture of baker's yeast comprises at least the first two stages of the set of the following stages: multiplication of a pure baker's yeast strain in several stages, first semi-anaerobically, then aerobically, separation by centrifugation of the baker's yeast thus produced from its culture medium, with the obtaining of a " yeast cream »liquid containing approximately between 14 and 25% of dry matter, or even a higher amount of dry matter if the yeast cream is mixed with osmotic products, filtration of the liquid yeast cream thus obtained, generally on a rotary vacuum filter and obtaining a dehydrated fresh yeast containing from 26% to 35% of dry matter, - mixing of said dehydrated fresh yeast with a view to obtaining a very homogeneous mass, extrusion of the yeast thus obtained and obtaining pressed yeast in the form of fresh yeast breads or indebted fresh yeast, marketed at around 30% dry matter, or, if the yeast is intended to be s scale, in the form of particles, in general of granules. drying in a gentle manner, in a current of hot air, for example by fluidization, of the yeast particles obtained by extrusion, packaging. Preferably, the new yeasts according to the invention are adapted, during their last stage of multiplication to stress due to weak organic acids, by known methods, such as the method described in US Pat. No. 4,318,991, with the addition of 0.1 g to 10 g of short-chain aliphatic carboxylic acids, such as aliphatic carboxylic acids with 2, 3 or 4 carbon atoms, and / or their salts, per liter of must. This adaptation process can optionally be combined with a process of the type described in US Pat. No. 4,346,115, in which, during the last yeast multiplication cycle, a discontinuous molasses flow is applied, said discontinuous flow being preferably consisting of brief interruptions, for example: molasses flows for 5 to 10 minutes followed by 5 to 10 minutes interruptions in casting.
De manière récapitulative, les objets de la présente invention sont : • chacune des trois nouvelles souches déposées à la CNCM sous les numéros 1-2971, 1- 3142, 1-3143. • les souches appartenant à la même famille de souches que ces trois souches, c'est-à- dire : - les souches susceptibles d'être obtenues par le même procédé de croisement et le même procédé de sélection que ces trois souches, - les souches partageant les mêmes propriétés que ces trois souches ; • les souches obtenues à partir de l'une des souches ci-dessus définies, notamment par un ou plusieurs croisements ou par mutation ; • les nouvelles levures de panification obtenues par culture d'une des souches ci-dessus définies ; • les nouveaux produits de panification obtenus avec les souches ci-dessus définies.In summary, the objects of the present invention are: • each of the three new strains deposited at the CNCM under the numbers 1-2971, 1- 3142, 1-3143. • the strains belonging to the same family of strains as these three strains, that is to say: - the strains capable of being obtained by the same crossing process and the same selection process as these three strains, - the strains sharing the same properties as these three strains; • the strains obtained from one of the strains defined above, in particular by one or more crosses or by mutation; • the new bread-making yeasts obtained by culture of one of the strains defined above; • the new bread products obtained with the strains defined above.
TESTS As, A's, Afo A'fi DÉCRITS DANS EP 0511108 ET US 5 741 695TESTS As, A's, Afo A ' fi DESCRIBED IN EP 0511108 AND US 5,741,695
Les tests A5, A'5, A6 et A'6 utilisés selon le premier critère de la deuxième sélection sont réalisés à l'aide du fermentomètre de Burrows et Harrison décrit dans le « Journal of Institute of Brewing », vol. LXV, No. 1, janvier-février 1959 et sont exactement définis de la manière suivante.The tests A 5 , A ' 5 , A 6 and A' 6 used according to the first criterion of the second selection are carried out using the Burrows and Harrison fermentometer described in the "Journal of Institute of Brewing", vol. LXV, No. 1, January-February 1959 and are defined exactly as follows.
Test Aj_( evures pressées fraîches)Aj_ test (fresh pressed seams)
A 20 g de farine incubée à 30°C, on ajoute 4 g de saccharose et ensuite on ajoute un poids de levure pressée correspondant à 160 mg de matières sèches, cette levure étant délayée dans 15 ml d'eau contenant 27 g de NaCl par litre et 4 g de SO4(NH4)2 par litre ; on malaxe à l'aide d'une spatule pendant 40 secondes, de manière à obtenir une pâte que l'on place au bain- marie réglé à 30°C ; treize minutes après le début du malaxage, le récipient contenant la pâte est fermé hermétiquement ; la quantité totale de gaz produit est mesurée après 60, puis 120 minutes ; cette quantité est exprimée en ml à 30°C et sous 760 mm Hg. Pour toutes les levures susceptibles de donner en 120 minutes un dégagement gazeux égal ou supérieur à 150 ml de CO2, la quantité de sucres fermentescibles apportées uniquement par la farine est limitante ; en conséquence, le test est modifié de la manière suivante : on ajoute un poids de levure correspondant à 106 mg de matières sèches levure, au lieu de 160 mg, et la lecture de la quantité de gaz produite est par convention multipliée par 1,5.To 20 g of flour incubated at 30 ° C., 4 g of sucrose are added and then a weight of pressed yeast corresponding to 160 mg of dry matter is added, this yeast being dissolved in 15 ml of water containing 27 g of NaCl per liter and 4 g of SO 4 (NH 4 ) 2 per liter; kneading using a spatula for 40 seconds, so as to obtain a paste which is placed in a water bath set at 30 ° C; thirteen minutes after the start of mixing, the container containing the dough is hermetically sealed; the total quantity of gas produced is measured after 60, then 120 minutes; this quantity is expressed in ml at 30 ° C and under 760 mm Hg. For all yeasts capable of giving in 120 minutes a gaseous evolution equal to or greater than 150 ml of CO 2 , the quantity of fermentable sugars brought only by flour is limiting; Consequently, the test is modified as follows: we add a weight of yeast corresponding to 106 mg of dry matter yeast, instead of 160 mg, and the reading of the quantity of gas produced is by convention multiplied by 1.5.
Test A' j levures sèchesDry Yeast A Test
Identique à l'essai A5, mais préalablement au malaxage, on réhydrate en 15 minutes les 160 mg de matières sèches levure qui se présentent sous forme de levure sèche active dans de l'eau distillée, à 38°C ; on utilise à cet effet 40% du volume d'eau d'hydratation mis en oeuvre ; le complément en eau, additionné de 405 mg de NaCl, est ajouté à l'issue des 15 minutes de réhydratation.Identical to test A 5 , but prior to kneading, the 160 mg of dry yeast material which is in the form of active dry yeast in distilled water is rehydrated in 15 minutes; 40% of the volume of hydration water used is used for this purpose; the remainder of water, supplemented with 405 mg of NaCl, is added after 15 minutes of rehydration.
Test Afijlevures pressées fraîches)Fresh pressed Afijlevures test)
A 25 g de farine incubée à 30°C, on ajoute 6,5 de sucre glace et un poids de levure pressée correspondant à 320 mg de matières sèches (au lieu des 20 g de farine incubée à 30°C, des 4 g de saccharose et du poids de levure pressée correspondant à 160 mg de matières sèches dans le test A5), ensuite on procède comme pour l'essai A5.To 25 g of flour incubated at 30 ° C, is added 6.5 icing sugar and a weight of pressed yeast corresponding to 320 mg of dry matter (instead of the 20 g of flour incubated at 30 ° C, 4 g of sucrose and the weight of pressed yeast corresponding to 160 mg of dry matter in test A 5 ), then proceed as for test A 5 .
Test A'g (levures sèches)A'g test (dry yeast)
Essai identique à l'essai A6, en procédant pour réhydrater les 320 mg de matières sèches levure sous forme de levure sèche active comme pour l'essai A'5.Test identical to test A 6 , by proceeding to rehydrate the 320 mg of yeast dry matter in the form of active dry yeast as for test A ' 5 .
CONDITIONS DE SECHAGE ENSEIGNEES PAR EP 0511108 ET US 5 741 695DRYING CONDITIONS TEACHED BY EP 0511108 AND US 5,741,695
Pour le premier critère de la deuxième sélection, les conditions de séchage sont celles enseignées par EP 0511108 et US 5 741 695.For the first criterion of the second selection, the drying conditions are those taught by EP 0511108 and US 5,741,695.
Pour préparer la levure sèche active, les souches sont cultivées en milieu concentré, c'est-à- dire dans un milieu où le poids total du moût en fin de culture par rapport à la quantité de mélasses coulée est de l'ordre de 4,7 à 5,5 avec un taux de multiplication horaire moyen de l'ordre de 1,17 à 1,18, de manière à obtenir des levures pressées à 30-35% de matières sèches ayant : • une quantité de bourgeons inférieure à 5%,To prepare the active dry yeast, the strains are cultivated in a concentrated medium, that is to say in a medium where the total weight of the must at the end of culture relative to the quantity of molasses poured is of the order of 4 , 7.5 to 5.5 with an average hourly multiplication rate of the order of 1.17 to 1.18, so as to obtain yeasts pressed to 30-35% of dry matter having: • an amount of buds less than 5%,
• une teneur en azote sur matières sèches de l'ordre de 7,9 à 8,3,• a nitrogen content on dry matter of the order of 7.9 to 8.3,
• ' une teneur en P2O5 sur matières sèches de l'ordre de 2,7 à 2,8,• a P 2 O 5 content on dry matter of the order of 2.7 to 2.8,
• une teneur en tréhalose sur matières sèches de l'ordre de 10 à 13%, de préférence de l'ordre de 12 à 13%.• a trehalose content on dry materials of the order of 10 to 13%, preferably of the order of 12 to 13%.
Cette levure fraîche est séchée par un séchage rapide ménageant en présence d'un émulsifiant, par exemple en présence de 1,5 % de monostéarate de sorbitan.This fresh yeast is dried by rapid drying which is gentle in the presence of an emulsifier, for example in the presence of 1.5% of sorbitan monostearate.
L'exemple suivant sert à illustrer la présente invention et ses avantages, sans pour autant la limiter.The following example serves to illustrate the present invention and its advantages, without however limiting it.
EXEMPLE : TESTS PT, ET PT2 EXAMPLE: PT TESTS, AND PT 2
Dans les tests PTi et PT2, on mesure, dans un procédé de panification donné et avec des recettes données, l'écart en proof time entre, d'une part, une levure fraîche adaptée obtenue avec la souche à évaluer et, d'autre part, une levure fraîche adaptée obtenue avec une souche témoin, les deux levures fraîches étant obtenues avec un même procédé de fabrication.In the PTi and PT 2 tests, we measure, in a given bread-making process and with given recipes, the gap in proof time between, on the one hand, a suitable fresh yeast obtained with the strain to be evaluated and, on the other hand, a suitable fresh yeast obtained with a control strain, the two fresh yeasts being obtained with the same manufacturing process.
Le procédé de fabrication de levures fraîches adaptées de panification utilisé dans les tests PTi et PT2 correspond au procédé classique de fabrication de levure de boulangerie comme décrit ci-dessus, et comprend lors de la dernière étape de culture une adaptation au stress dû à la présence d'acides organiques faibles selon les enseignements combinés des brevets US n° 4 318 991 et n° 4 346 115.The process for the manufacture of fresh yeasts suitable for bread-making used in the PTi and PT 2 tests corresponds to the conventional process for the manufacture of baker's yeast as described above, and comprises during the last stage of culture an adaptation to the stress due to the presence of weak organic acids according to the combined teachings of US Pat. Nos. 4,318,991 and 4,346,115.
Ledit procédé d'obtention de levures fraîches adaptées à 32% de matières sèches est utilisé sur la souche témoin NCYC 996 (souche de référence pour l'application visée) et sur les deux nouvelles souches 1-2971 et 1-3143.Said process for obtaining fresh yeasts suitable for 32% dry matter is used on the control strain NCYC 996 (reference strain for the intended application) and on the two new strains 1-2971 and 1-3143.
Les trois levures fraîches de panification à 32% de matières sèches ainsi obtenues ont été utilisées dans les tests ?T\ et PT , dans un même procédé de panification de type No Time Dough. Deux recettes différentes ont été testées : la recette 1 selon le test PTi contenant 25% en masse (pourcentage du boulanger) de saccharose et 0,4% en masse (pourcentage du boulanger) de propionate de calcium et la recette 2 selon le test PT2 contenant 40% en masse (pourcentage du boulanger) de saccharose.The three fresh bread yeasts with 32% dry matter thus obtained were used in the? T \ and PT tests, in the same No Time Dough type bread-making process. Two different recipes were tested: recipe 1 according to the PTi test containing 25% by mass (percentage of the baker) of sucrose and 0.4% by mass (percentage of the baker) of calcium propionate and recipe 2 according to the PT test 2 containing 40% by mass (percentage of the baker) of sucrose.
Les recettes utilisées dans les deux tests et exprimées en pourcentage du boulanger sont données dans le tableau 1.The recipes used in the two tests and expressed as a percentage of the baker are given in table 1.
Ingrédient Recette 1 (test PTi) Recette 2 (test PT2)Ingredient Recipe 1 (PTi test) Recipe 2 (PT 2 test)
Farine ÏÔÔ ÎÔÔFlour ÔÔÔ ÎÔÔ
Eau 50 44Water 50 44
Levure 6 9Yeast 6 9
Matières grasses 7,5 7,5Fat 7.5 7.5
Améliorant 1 1,5Improving 1 1.5
Saccharose 25 40Sucrose 25 40
Sel 1,7 1,7Salt 1.7 1.7
Propionate de calcium 0,4 _ Tableau 1 L'améliorant apporte le mélange d'oxydants et de réducteurs, les enzymes ainsi que les émulsifiants classiques permettant une optimisation du processus de fabrication de ce schéma de panification en No Time Dough, une bonne qualité et une bonne conservation des pains obtenus.Calcium propionate 0.4 _ Table 1 The improver brings the mixture of oxidants and reducers, the enzymes as well as the classic emulsifiers allowing an optimization of the manufacturing process of this bread-making scheme in No Time Dough, good quality and good conservation of the breads obtained.
Le protocole d'essai appliqué aux deux recettes ci-dessus dans les deux tests PTi et PT2 est le suivant : 1. Peser les 6 ou 7 ingrédients solides. 2. Mesurer la température ambiante et la température de la farine. 3. Régler la température de l'eau de manière à obtenir une température de pâte de 27°C +/- 0.5°C. 4. Placer les ingrédients dans une cuve Mac Duffy® d'un pétrin HobartA200®. 5. Mélanger lentement en lère vitesse pendant 1 min. 6. Démarrer le pétrissage selon le programme suivant : * en lère vitesse pendant 5 min * laisser reposer pendant 5 min * en 2ème vitesse pendant 5 min. 7. Obtention d'une pâte ayant une température de 27°C +/- 0.5°C. 8. Pointage de la masse à 23 °C pendant 10 min. 9. Division en pâtons de 320 g. 10. Bouler peu serré et couvrir. 11. Laisser reposer pendant 10 min. 12. Façonnage de la pâte. 13. Mise en moules des pâtons de 320 g (dimensions : base du moule de 185x75 mm ; haut du moule de 200x90 mm ; hauteur du moule de 75mm) 14. Détermination du temps d'apprêt ou du proof time dans un incubateur Stéricult® à 35°C pour le test PTi à 40°C pour le test PT2 et 90% d'humidité relative. Le proof time est le temps entre la mise dans l'incubateur et le moment où la pâte atteint une hauteur de 85mm dans le moule. 15. Cuisson dans un four à balancelle REED® à 190 °C pendant 22 min. 16. Mesure du volume des pains après un refroidissement d'au moins une heure et appréciation de la note des pains obtenus. Les écarts de proof time entre, d'une part, la levure fraîche adaptée obtenue à partir de la souche témoin NCYC 996, et, d'autre part, les levures fraîches adaptées obtenues respectivement à partir de la souche CNCM 1-2971 et à partir de la souche CNCM 1-3143 selon l'invention sont donnés dans le tableau 2 ci-dessous.The test protocol applied to the two recipes above in the two PTi and PT 2 tests is as follows: 1. Weigh the 6 or 7 solid ingredients. 2. Measure the room temperature and the temperature of the flour. 3. Adjust the water temperature to obtain a dough temperature of 27 ° C +/- 0.5 ° C. 4. Place the ingredients in a Mac Duffy® bowl of a HobartA200® kneader. 5. Mix slowly the speed era for 1 min. 6. Start kneading according to the following program: * in 1st speed for 5 min * let stand for 5 min * in 2nd speed for 5 min. 7. Obtaining a dough having a temperature of 27 ° C +/- 0.5 ° C. 8. Pointing the mass at 23 ° C for 10 min. 9. Division into dough pieces of 320 g. 10. Loosen loosely and cover. 11. Let stand for 10 min. 12. Shaping the dough. 13. Molding of 320 g dough pieces (dimensions: base of the mold 185x75 mm; top of the mold 200x90 mm; height of the mold 75mm) 14. Determination of the primer or proof time in a Stéricult® incubator at 35 ° C for the PTi test at 40 ° C for the PT 2 test and 90% relative humidity. The proof time is the time between placing in the incubator and the moment when the dough reaches a height of 85mm in the mold. 15. Baking in a REED® swing oven at 190 ° C for 22 min. 16. Measurement of the volume of the breads after cooling for at least one hour and assessment of the score of the breads obtained. The proof time differences between, on the one hand, the adapted fresh yeast obtained from the control strain NCYC 996, and, on the other hand, the adapted fresh yeasts obtained respectively from the strain CNCM 1-2971 and starting from the strain CNCM 1-3143 according to the invention are given in table 2 below.
Recette 1 (test PTi) Recette 2 (test PT2)Recipe 1 (PTi test) Recipe 2 (PT 2 test)
Levure fraîche témoin T TControl fresh yeast T T
Souche NCYC 996NCYC 996 strain
Levure fraîche -11% -25%Fresh yeast -11% -25%
Souche CNCM 1-2971CNCM strain 1-2971
Levure fraîche -5% -35%Fresh yeast -5% -35%
Souche CNCM 1-3143 Tableau 2 Des résultats analogues ont été observés avec les levures sèches correspondantes.Strain CNCM 1-3143 Table 2 Similar results have been observed with the corresponding dry yeasts.
Les tests PTi et PT2 peuvent également être utilisés pour la sélection de mutants ou de croisements issus des trois souches 1-2971, 1-3142 et 1-3143.The PTi and PT 2 tests can also be used for the selection of mutants or crosses from the three strains 1-2971, 1-3142 and 1-3143.
Ainsi, quand les souches de Saccharomyces cerevisiae suivant l'invention sont des souches obtenues par un ou plusieurs croisements des trois souches déposées citées ci-dessus ou des souches obtenues par une ou plusieurs mutations d'une desdites souches, lesdites souches (croisements ou mutants) sont dé préférence des souches donnant dans le test PT2 une baisse de proof time par rapport à la souche témoin NCYC 996 au moins égale à 80% de la baisse de proof time obtenue dans le test PT2 avec la souche 1-2971 par rapport à ladite souche témoin NCYC 996, de préférence au moins 85% et encore de préférence au moins 90% de la baisse de proof time obtenue dans le test PT2 avec la souche 1-2971 par rapport à la souche témoin NCYC 996. Thus, when the strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae according to the invention are strains obtained by one or more crosses of the three deposited strains mentioned above or strains obtained by one or more mutations of one of said strains, said strains (crosses or mutants ) are preferably strains giving in the PT 2 test a drop in proof time compared to the control strain NCYC 996 at least equal to 80% of the drop in proof time obtained in the PT 2 test with the strain 1-2971 by compared to said control strain NCYC 996, preferably at least 85% and more preferably at least 90% of the drop in proof time obtained in the PT 2 test with the strain 1-2971 compared to the control strain NCYC 996.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
I. Souche de Saccharomyces cerevisiae déposée le 12 février 2003 auprès de la CNCM sous le numéro 1-2971. I. Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain deposited on February 12, 2003 with the CNCM under the number 1-2971.
2. Souche de Saccharomyces cerevisiae déposée le 25 novembre 2003 auprès de la CNCM sous le numéro 1-3142.2. Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain deposited on November 25, 2003 with the CNCM under the number 1-3142.
3. Souche de Saccharomyces cerevisiae déposée le 25 novembre 2003 auprès de la CNCM sous le numéro 1-3143.3. Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain deposited on November 25, 2003 with the CNCM under the number 1-3143.
4. Souche de Saccharomyces cerevisiae obtenue par un ou plusieurs croisements des souches selon les revendications précédentes4. Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain obtained by one or more crosses of the strains according to the preceding claims
5. Souche de Saccharomyce cerevisiae obtenue par mutation d'une souche selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3.5. Saccharomyce cerevisiae strain obtained by mutation of a strain according to one of claims 1 to 3.
6. Souche suivant l'une des revendications 4 et 5, donnant dans le test PT2 une baisse de proof time par rapport à la souche témoin NCYC 996 au moins égale à 80% de la baisse de proof time obtenue dans le test PT2 avec la souche 1-2971 suivant la revendication 1 par rapport à ladite souche témoin NCYC 996, de préférence au moins 85% et encore de préférence au moins 90% de la baisse de proof time obtenue dans le test PT2 avec la souche 1-2971 par rapport à la souche témoin NCYC 996.6. Strain according to one of claims 4 and 5, giving in the PT 2 test a drop in proof time compared to the control strain NCYC 996 at least equal to 80% of the drop in proof time obtained in the PT 2 test with strain 1-2971 according to claim 1 with respect to said control strain NCYC 996, preferably at least 85% and more preferably at least 90% of the drop in proof time obtained in the PT 2 test with strain 1- 2971 compared to the control strain NCYC 996.
7. Levure de boulangerie obtenue par culture d'une souche selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes.7. Baker's yeast obtained by culture of a strain according to any one of the preceding claims.
8. Levure de boulangerie suivant la revendication 7, obtenue par culture de la souche avec adaptation à la présence d'acide organique faible.8. Baker's yeast according to claim 7, obtained by culture of the strain with adaptation to the presence of weak organic acid.
9. Levure de boulangerie suivant l'une des revendications 7 et 8, caractérisée en ce que la levure est une levure choisie parmi les crèmes de levure, les levures pressées et les levures sèches.9. Baker's yeast according to one of claims 7 and 8, characterized in that the yeast is a yeast chosen from yeast creams, pressed yeasts and dry yeasts.
10. Levure suivant la revendication 9, caractérisée en ce que la levure est une levure sèche, de préférence une levure sèche instantanée.10. Yeast according to claim 9, characterized in that the yeast is a dry yeast, preferably an instant dry yeast.
I I. Pâte boulangère contenant une levure de boulangerie selon l'une quelconque des revendications 7 à 10. I I. Baker's dough containing baker's yeast according to any one of Claims 7 to 10.
12. Pâte boulangère selon la revendication 11 dans laquelle la fermentation se fait en présence d'une pression osmotique telle que celle existant dans les pâtes contenant au moins 15% de sucre par rapport à la masse de la farine, de préférence au moins 25% de sucre par rapport à la masse de la farine et encore préférentiellement 40%» ou plus de sucre par rapport à la masse de la farine.12. Baker's dough according to claim 11, in which the fermentation takes place in the presence of an osmotic pressure such as that existing in doughs containing at least 15% sugar relative to the mass of the flour, preferably at least 25%. of sugar relative to the mass of the flour and more preferably 40% "or more of sugar relative to the mass of the flour.
13. Pâte boulangère selon la revendication 12 caractérisée par le fait qu'elle contient des inhibiteurs de moisissures, de préférence sous forme d'acides organiques faibles et/ou leurs sels, et encore de préférence sous forme de propionates.13. Baker's dough according to claim 12 characterized in that it contains mold inhibitors, preferably in the form of weak organic acids and / or their salts, and more preferably in the form of propionates.
14. Procédé de préparation d'une pâte boulangère comprenant, l'utilisation d'une levure suivant l'une quelconque des revendications 7 à 10.14. A method of preparing a baking dough comprising, the use of a yeast according to any one of claims 7 to 10.
15. Procédé de préparation d'un produit cuit de panification comprenant la cuisson d'une pâte boulangère selon l'une des revendications 11 à 13.15. Method for preparing a baked bread product comprising baking a baking dough according to one of claims 11 to 13.
16. Produit de panification susceptible d'être obtenu par le procédé selon la revendication 15. 16. Bread product capable of being obtained by the process according to claim 15.
EP05701240A 2004-01-30 2005-01-28 Bakers yeast with improved resistance against elevated sugar levels in dough and against weak organic acids Withdrawn EP1705994A1 (en)

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