EP1693420B1 - Kit comprising a clear polymeric material for the registration of fingerprints - Google Patents
Kit comprising a clear polymeric material for the registration of fingerprints Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1693420B1 EP1693420B1 EP05100540.3A EP05100540A EP1693420B1 EP 1693420 B1 EP1693420 B1 EP 1693420B1 EP 05100540 A EP05100540 A EP 05100540A EP 1693420 B1 EP1693420 B1 EP 1693420B1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- clear
- fingerprint
- cured layer
- mass
- polymeric mass
- Prior art date
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title description 3
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 44
- 229920005573 silicon-containing polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000004971 Cross linker Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000003431 cross linking reagent Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl methacrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(C)=C VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920007962 Styrene Methyl Methacrylate Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000006247 magnetic powder Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 11
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 11
- -1 polysiloxanes Polymers 0.000 description 10
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000013065 commercial product Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000006482 condensation reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000004205 dimethyl polysiloxane Substances 0.000 description 4
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Substances [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229920000435 poly(dimethylsiloxane) Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 230000033458 reproduction Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000007259 addition reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 3
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butadiene Chemical group C=CC=C KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002390 adhesive tape Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 150000003077 polyols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000006254 rheological additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000000008 (C1-C10) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- NOWKCMXCCJGMRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Aziridine Chemical group C1CN1 NOWKCMXCCJGMRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005662 Paraffin oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910018557 Si O Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910008326 Si-Y Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910006773 Si—Y Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007334 copolymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011840 criminal investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000005442 diisocyanate group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000007337 electrophilic addition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002118 epoxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001033 ether group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000013038 hand mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920005906 polyester polyol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001228 polyisocyanate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005056 polyisocyanate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002952 polymeric resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon monoxide Inorganic materials [Si-]#[O+] LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002050 silicone resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010408 sweeping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920003002 synthetic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C41/00—Shaping by coating a mould, core or other substrate, i.e. by depositing material and stripping-off the shaped article; Apparatus therefor
- B29C41/02—Shaping by coating a mould, core or other substrate, i.e. by depositing material and stripping-off the shaped article; Apparatus therefor for making articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L83/00—Compositions of macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing silicon with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen or carbon only; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L83/04—Polysiloxanes
Definitions
- the present invention is related to clear silicone materials and the use thereof for the registration of fingerprints.
- Fingerprints are a characteristic feature of an individual person. It is considered as strong evidence if the fingerprints found at a location where a crime had occurred coincide with the fingerprints of a person suspected to have performed the crime.
- fingerprints are detected and collected by first applying a powder such as carbon black or aluminum on the surface of an object to be investigated. By sweeping the surface with a brush it is achieved that the powder adheres to latent fingerprints, if there are any. The fingerprints thus made visible (developed) can be lifted by using adhesive tapes.
- a powder such as carbon black or aluminum
- these masses are fast-curing silicone-based polymers.
- the polymers are mixed, immediately prior to application, with a catalyst, applied onto the developed fingerprint and then allowed to cure. Curing takes several minutes.
- a mass having a color which provides a maximum contrast with the powder is used. For example, when black powders such as carbon black is used as developing agent, white polymeric masses are preferred, whereas when a silver powder is used, a black polymeric mass is preferred.
- This object has been solved by a kit comprising a clear silicone mass, a suitable crosslinking agent and a developing agent; and a process of collecting fingerprints by using the kit.
- the present invention is based on the surprising finding that it is possible to collect a fingerprint by using a clear polymeric mass, and to obtain the positive fingerprint by taking a photograph of the collected (negative) fingerprint through said clear polymeric mass from the upper side, i.e. from the side remote from the fingerprint impression.
- the present invention is particularly related to a clear crosslinkable polymeric mass selected from the group consisting of silicone polymers, polyurethane polymers, polyether polymers, polyacrylates, styrene-butadiene-copolymers, and methyl methacrylate copolymers, wherein said mass has a viscosity of from 0.1 to 200 Pas and a tensile strength of from 0.1 to 5 MPa.
- the polymer prefferably has an appropriate viscosity, preferably in the above-defined range. Otherwise it is not possible to obtain an adequate impression of a fingerprint by applying said polymeric mass onto the developed fingerprint.
- the mass would be either to fluent and flow over the surface without taking up the fingerprint impression, or it would be too viscous already before curing and thus also not capable of taking up the fingerprint impression.
- the polymeric mass to be used has a viscosity in the range of from 0.1 to 200 Pas, especially preferred from 1 to 50 Pas.
- the polymeric mass must result in a cured layer which allows the taking of a photography through the layer.
- the mass must be clear.
- the term clear means that the cured layer is sufficiently transparent that a photograph showing the details of the fingerprint impression contained in said layer can be taken through said layer.
- it must be possible to obtain from the polymeric mass a cured layer having a thickness not exceeding 5 mm. Since with increasing thickness the brilliance of the photography taken through said layer decreases as well as the danger of inclusions of air increases, it is preferred to have a thickness of the cured layer which does not exceed 1 mm, preferably not exceed 0.5 mm and most preferably is less than 0.4 mm.
- the polymeric mass has to possess an appropriate tensile strength, preferably a tensile strength of at least 0.1 MPa, preferably of more than 1 MPa, and most preferably of 1.5 MPa.
- the polymeric mass which can be used according to the present invention is further limited by the requirement that a clear cured layer has to be obtained, in order to allow the taking of cramps through said layer.
- the clear mass may be either a crosslinkable silicone polymer, a crosslinkable polyurethane polymer, a crosslinkable polyether polymer, a crosslinkable polyacrylate, a crosslinkable styrene-butadiene-copolymer, or a methyl methacrylate copolymer.
- crosslinkable in this respect means that the polymer must comprise functional groups which can react with a crosslinking agent. By means of said reaction, the crosslinking agent can link two or more of the polymer chains, resulting in a three-dimensional network. By means of said crosslinking reaction, a cured layer is obtained from the polymeric mass.
- Silicone polymers are from a chemical standpoint polysiloxanes having the general formula X- ( (R 1 R 2 ) Si-O) n - (R 1 R 2 ) Si-Y with R 1 and R 2 being organic residues equal or different from each other, preferably a C 1-10 alkyl group, and X und Y being terminal groups.
- R 1 and R 2 may also comprise functional groups, preferably vinyl groups.
- n can be an integer from 1 to 10000.
- linear silicone polymers comprising terminal groups X and Y at least one of which comprising a functional group capable of reacting with a crosslinking agent. It is preferable to use a silicone polymer which can be either addition-crosslinked or condensation-crosslinked.
- addition-crosslinked or “addition-crosslinkable” means that the polymer comprises at least one functional group which may react with a crosslinking agent via an addition reaction.
- a typical example is that the polymer comprises at least one double bond, preferably two double bonds, which may undergo an electrophilic addition reaction with an appropriate crosslinking agent.
- a preferred embodiment according to the present invention is a silicone polymer which comprises terminal groups X and Y possessing double bonds, for example vinyl groups.
- An example is the commercial product Silopren U1, a vinyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane sold by GE Bayer Silicones.
- condensation-crosslinked or “condensation-crosslinkable” means that the polymer comprises at least one functional group which may react with a crosslinking agent via a condensation reaction.
- a typical example is that the polymer comprises at least one hydroxyl group, preferably two hydroxyl groups, which may undergo a condensation reaction with an appropriate crosslinking agent, for example a crosslinking agent comprising alkoxy silicates.
- a preferred embodiment according to the present invention is a silicone polymer which comprises as terminal groups X and/or Y hydroxyl groups.
- An example is the commercial product Silopren C2, a hydroxy-terminated polydimethylsiloxane sold by GE Bayer Silicones.
- the molecular weight of the silicone polymer is chosen such that the required viscosity and tensile strength are obtained.
- additives such as rheology modifiers may be added for adjustment of said parameters.
- Polyurethanes are polymers which are obtainable by reaction of a polyisocyanate, preferably a diisocyanate, with a polyol, such as a polyether polyol or polyester polyol.
- a polyol such as a polyether polyol or polyester polyol.
- Polyethers are polymers comprising ether groups in their repeating unit.
- Polyether prepolymers may be obtained, for example, from epoxides.
- functional groups which render the polymer crosslinkable e.g. aziridine groups
- the above statements with respect to silicone polymers equally apply.
- Polyacrylates are polymers which are obtained by polymerization of acrylate monomers, such as methyl methacrylates (MMA).
- acrylate monomers such as methyl methacrylates (MMA).
- MMA methyl methacrylates
- Styrene-butadiene-copolymers may be obtained by copolymerization of these monomers.
- functional groups which render the polymer crosslinkable as well as to the molecular weight of the polymer, the above statements with respect to silicone polymers equally apply.
- Methyl methacrylates-copolymers may be obtained by co-polymerizing methyl methacrylates with a suitable monomer.
- a suitable monomer As to the presence of functional groups which render the polymer crosslinkable, as well as to the molecular weight of the polymer, the above statements with respect to silicone polymers equally apply.
- the above polymers may be additionally mixed with conventional additives, such as rheology modifiers, fillers etc., which are well-known to the skilled man and used for adjusting the properties of the polymers.
- additives such as rheology modifiers, fillers etc.
- examples of such additives are highly-dispersed silica, paraffin oil, surfactants, fillers, and pre-polymeric resins such as silicone resins.
- the above polymeric mass is used according to the present invention with an appropriate crosslinker capable of reacting with the polymer.
- the reaction between the polymer and the crosslinker causes the curing of the layer applied onto the developed fingerprint.
- the nature of the crosslinker to be used depends upon the kind of polymer, i.e. which functional groups are present in the polymer.
- an appropriate crosslinker is a reagent capable of reacting with said polymer via an addition reaction.
- the polymeric mass is the commercial product Silopren U1, a vinyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane sold by GE Bayer Silicones.
- This polymer may be used, for example, together with the commercially available crosslinking agent Silopren U crosslinker 430 sold by GE Bayer Silicones, which is a polydimethyl hydrogen methyl siloxane comprising Si-H bonds. Said Si-H bonds may react with the vinyl groups in the Silopren U1.
- an appropriate crosslinker is a reagent capable of reacting with said polymer via a condensation reaction.
- the polymeric mass is the commercial product Silopren C2, a hydroxy-terminated polydimethylsiloxane sold by GE Bayer Silicones. This polymer may be used, for example, together with the commercially available crosslinking agent Silopren C crosslinker 25 sold by GE Bayer Silicones, which is a mixture of alkoxy silicates and organotin compounds.
- the reaction between the polymer and the crosslinking agent is typically accelerated by the use of a catalyst.
- Catalysts for the respective reactions are well-known.
- a suitable catalyst is the Silopren catalyst Pt/D sold by GE Bayer Silicones, which is a platinum complex in divinyl polymethylsiloxane.
- the present invention is related to a kit for the registration of fingerprints, comprising a clear polymer, preferably as described above, and a suitable crosslinking agent.
- the kit may comprise a suitable catalyst.
- the kit comprises a developing agent.
- the kit may be one-component or two-component kit.
- a one-component kit is a system where the polymeric mass and the crosslinker are stored together in e.g. the same compartment, but will only undergo the crosslinking reaction after being released and brought in contact with air humidity.
- a two-component kit is a kit where the polymeric mass and the crosslinker are stored separately, e.g. in different compartments.
- the polymer may also be present dissolved in a suitable solvent.
- the kit comprises Silopren U1 as polymeric mass, Silopren U Crosslinker as suitable crosslinker capable of undergoing an addition reaction with Silopren U1, and Silopren U catalyst as a suitable catalyst,
- the kit comprises Silopren C2 as polymeric mass, and Silopren U Crosslinker 25 as suitable crosslinker capable of undergoing a condensation reaction with said polymer.
- a typical ratio of polymeric mass to crosslinker according to the present invention is 1:1 to 100:1.
- Catalysts are typically used in low amounts, i.e. amounts sufficient for obtaining the desired curing times but still not constituting a significant impurity.
- Typical total amounts for all of the components to be used according the present invention lie in a range of from 1 to 20 g, preferably 3 to 10 g.
- the developing agent used in the kit of the present invention may be any developing agent conventionally used in the art of developing fingerprints.
- Examples are powders such as carbon black, aluminum powder, or magnetic or fluorescent powders.
- the present invention is furthermore related to a process for the registration of fingerprints, comprising the steps of
- the development of a fingerprint may be carried as conventionally performed in the art.
- a developing agent such as, for example, carbon black powder
- the surface to be examined is swept with a brush so that the developing agent adheres to any present latent fingerprint, which in this way becomes developed, i.e. visible.
- the clear crosslinkable polymeric mass is mixed with a suitable crosslinker, optionally in the presence of a catalyst.
- a suitable crosslinker optionally in the presence of a catalyst.
- the components are put on a separate object, such as a piece of paper, and thoroughly mixed, e.g. by using a stick.
- the mixing of the components may be performed by hand-mixing. It is also possible to perform automatic mixing using a conventional cartridge system with a static mixer.
- the mixture thus obtained is applied on the developed fingerprint. This has to be done quickly since curing of the mixture starts instantaneously.
- the mixture may be cast onto the developed fingerprint. Alternately, it may be scraped off the object where admixture has been performed, for example by using a stick, and then placed on the developed fingerprint.
- the applied layer consisting of said mixture may be smoothened, e.g. by using a plastic foil.
- Typical curing times according to the present invention are several minutes, for example 3 to 10 minutes, preferably 4 to 6 minutes, under standard environmental conditions (23°C). Of course, curing times depend on the environmental conditions and may be shorter at elevated temperatures or longer at low temperatures.
- the mixture is applied onto the fingerprint in such an amount that a cured clear layer is formed having a thickness not exceeding 5 mm.
- Thicker layers significantly deteriorate or even completely prevent the taking of photographs through said cured clear layer. Since with increasing thickness the brilliance of the photography taken through said layer decreases as well as the danger of inclusions of air increases, it is preferred to have a thickness of the cured layer which does not exceed 1 mm, preferably not exceed 0.5 mm and most preferably is less than 0.4 mm.
- the thus formed clear cured layer may be lifted off of the surface comprising the original fingerprint.
- the clear cured layer contains a negative impression of the original fingerprint, which however is otherwise identical to the original fingerprint.
- the clear cured layer may be put on a white or colored surface, for example a piece of white paper, for the taking of the photograph.
- any polymeric mass which forms a clear layer having the required physical parameters such as thickness, viscosity and tensile strength may be used in the above process.
- the cured layer may be formed from a polymeric mass selected from the group consisting of silicone polymers, polyurethane polymers, polyether polymers, polyacrylates, styrene-butadiene-copolymers, and methyl methacrylate copolymers. It is especially preferred that the cured layer may be formed from the above-described polymeric masses and kits.
- the present invention teaches the use of a clear crosslinkable polymeric mass for the registration of fingerprints.
- the cured layer may be formed from a polymeric mass selected from the group consisting of silicone polymers, polyurethane polymers, polyether polymers, polyacrylates, styrene-butadiene-copolymers, and methyl methacrylate copolymers. It is especially preferred that the cured layer may be formed from the above-described polymeric masses and kits.
- the main application for the polymeric masses and kits according to the present invention is the registration of fingerprints.
- the masses and kits may also be used for the registration of other traces, such as for example traces made by a pencil.
- FIG. 1 shows a photograph of a fingerprint taken through a clear cured layer according to the present invention.
- a clear cured layer according to the present invention was prepared as follows on the basis of an addition-crosslinkable silicone polymer: Component A: 99.9 g Silopren U1 0.1 g Silopren U Catalyst Pt/D Component B: 90.0 g Silopren U1 10.0 g Silopren U Crosslinker 430
- the components A and B were thoroughly mixed with each other on a piece of paper and immediately applied onto a glass plate, on which a fingerprint was created and developed using carbon black as developing agent.
- the mixture was put onto the glass plate using a plastic foil, so that a layer having a thickness of 0.35 mm was obtained.
- the layer was allowed to cure for about 5 minutes.
- the cured layer was lifted off of the glass plate.
- a photograph was taken through said layer from the upper side, resulting in a photograph showing the positive impression of the fingerprint.
- the photograph is shown in Fig. 1 . No further processing of the photograph was carried out.
- a clear cured layer according to the present invention was prepared as follows on the basis of a condensation-crosslinkable silicone polymer: Component A: 1.0 g Silopren C Crosslinker 25 Component B: 99.0 g Silopren C2
- a clear cured layer comprising a fingerprint impression was generated as described above in Example 1.
Description
- The present invention is related to clear silicone materials and the use thereof for the registration of fingerprints.
- The detection of fingerprints is a very important tool for criminal investigations. Fingerprints are a characteristic feature of an individual person. It is considered as strong evidence if the fingerprints found at a location where a crime had occurred coincide with the fingerprints of a person suspected to have performed the crime.
- Conventionally, fingerprints are detected and collected by first applying a powder such as carbon black or aluminum on the surface of an object to be investigated. By sweeping the surface with a brush it is achieved that the powder adheres to latent fingerprints, if there are any. The fingerprints thus made visible (developed) can be lifted by using adhesive tapes.
- If objects having a difficult surface, such as a porous, curved, fragile or textured surface, are to be investigated, the use of adhesive tapes is not possible. For the investigation of such objects, colored polymeric masses have been used. Those polymeric masses are cast on the surface of the object, after fingerprints on said object have been made visible by applying the above-mentioned powders. The polymeric mass is applied onto the developed fingerprint and allowed to cure. The cured polymeric mass is subsequently taken off the surface. Such polymeric masses have also been used for the registration of tool marks, i.e. the traces caused by tools used for e.g. the burglary. Commercial products are, for example, Mikrosil® or Microcast® or Coltene® Transfer.
- Conventionally, these masses are fast-curing silicone-based polymers. The polymers are mixed, immediately prior to application, with a catalyst, applied onto the developed fingerprint and then allowed to cure. Curing takes several minutes. Depending on the powder which has been used for developing the fingerprint, a mass having a color which provides a maximum contrast with the powder is used. For example, when black powders such as carbon black is used as developing agent, white polymeric masses are preferred, whereas when a silver powder is used, a black polymeric mass is preferred.
- The fingerprint impression which can be collected by means of those masses is reversed ("negative") as compared to the original ("positive") fingerprint. This leads to increasing problems in several jurisdictions, which tend to accept only "positive" fingerprint reproductions.
- It was therefore the object of the present invention to provide a possibility of obtaining positive fingerprint reproductions from difficult (e.g. curved or uneven) surfaces.
- This object has been solved by a kit comprising a clear silicone mass, a suitable crosslinking agent and a developing agent; and a process of collecting fingerprints by using the kit.
- The present invention is based on the surprising finding that it is possible to collect a fingerprint by using a clear polymeric mass, and to obtain the positive fingerprint by taking a photograph of the collected (negative) fingerprint through said clear polymeric mass from the upper side, i.e. from the side remote from the fingerprint impression.
- Thus, the present invention is particularly related to a clear crosslinkable polymeric mass selected from the group consisting of silicone polymers, polyurethane polymers, polyether polymers, polyacrylates, styrene-butadiene-copolymers, and methyl methacrylate copolymers, wherein said mass has a viscosity of from 0.1 to 200 Pas and a tensile strength of from 0.1 to 5 MPa.
- It is necessary for the polymer to have an appropriate viscosity, preferably in the above-defined range. Otherwise it is not possible to obtain an adequate impression of a fingerprint by applying said polymeric mass onto the developed fingerprint. The mass would be either to fluent and flow over the surface without taking up the fingerprint impression, or it would be too viscous already before curing and thus also not capable of taking up the fingerprint impression. According to the present invention, it is preferred that the polymeric mass to be used has a viscosity in the range of from 0.1 to 200 Pas, especially preferred from 1 to 50 Pas.
- The polymeric mass must result in a cured layer which allows the taking of a photography through the layer. Thus, the mass must be clear. According to the present invention, the term clear means that the cured layer is sufficiently transparent that a photograph showing the details of the fingerprint impression contained in said layer can be taken through said layer. In other words, it must be possible to obtain from the polymeric mass a cured layer having a thickness not exceeding 5 mm. Since with increasing thickness the brilliance of the photography taken through said layer decreases as well as the danger of inclusions of air increases, it is preferred to have a thickness of the cured layer which does not exceed 1 mm, preferably not exceed 0.5 mm and most preferably is less than 0.4 mm.
- In order to be able to obtain cured layers with the required thickness, the polymeric mass has to possess an appropriate tensile strength, preferably a tensile strength of at least 0.1 MPa, preferably of more than 1 MPa, and most preferably of 1.5 MPa.
- The polymeric mass which can be used according to the present invention is further limited by the requirement that a clear cured layer has to be obtained, in order to allow the taking of photographies through said layer. According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the clear mass may be either a crosslinkable silicone polymer, a crosslinkable polyurethane polymer, a crosslinkable polyether polymer, a crosslinkable polyacrylate, a crosslinkable styrene-butadiene-copolymer, or a methyl methacrylate copolymer. The term "crosslinkable" in this respect means that the polymer must comprise functional groups which can react with a crosslinking agent. By means of said reaction, the crosslinking agent can link two or more of the polymer chains, resulting in a three-dimensional network. By means of said crosslinking reaction, a cured layer is obtained from the polymeric mass.
- Silicone polymers are from a chemical standpoint polysiloxanes having the general formula
X- ( (R1R2) Si-O) n- (R1R2) Si-Y
with R1 and R2 being organic residues equal or different from each other, preferably a C1-10 alkyl group, and X und Y being terminal groups. R1 and R2 may also comprise functional groups, preferably vinyl groups. n can be an integer from 1 to 10000. - According to the present invention, it is preferred to use linear silicone polymers comprising terminal groups X and Y at least one of which comprising a functional group capable of reacting with a crosslinking agent. It is preferable to use a silicone polymer which can be either addition-crosslinked or condensation-crosslinked.
- The term "addition-crosslinked" or "addition-crosslinkable" means that the polymer comprises at least one functional group which may react with a crosslinking agent via an addition reaction. A typical example is that the polymer comprises at least one double bond, preferably two double bonds, which may undergo an electrophilic addition reaction with an appropriate crosslinking agent. A preferred embodiment according to the present invention is a silicone polymer which comprises terminal groups X and Y possessing double bonds, for example vinyl groups. An example is the commercial product Silopren U1, a vinyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane sold by GE Bayer Silicones.
- The term "condensation-crosslinked" or "condensation-crosslinkable" means that the polymer comprises at least one functional group which may react with a crosslinking agent via a condensation reaction. A typical example is that the polymer comprises at least one hydroxyl group, preferably two hydroxyl groups, which may undergo a condensation reaction with an appropriate crosslinking agent, for example a crosslinking agent comprising alkoxy silicates. A preferred embodiment according to the present invention is a silicone polymer which comprises as terminal groups X and/or Y hydroxyl groups. An example is the commercial product Silopren C2, a hydroxy-terminated polydimethylsiloxane sold by GE Bayer Silicones.
- According to the present invention, the molecular weight of the silicone polymer is chosen such that the required viscosity and tensile strength are obtained. Optionally, additives such as rheology modifiers may be added for adjustment of said parameters.
- Polyurethanes are polymers which are obtainable by reaction of a polyisocyanate, preferably a diisocyanate, with a polyol, such as a polyether polyol or polyester polyol. As to the presence of functional groups which render the polymer crosslinkable, as well as to the molecular weight of the polymer, the above statements with respect to silicone polymers equally apply.
- Polyethers are polymers comprising ether groups in their repeating unit. Polyether prepolymers may be obtained, for example, from epoxides. As to the presence of functional groups which render the polymer crosslinkable (e.g. aziridine groups), as well as to the molecular weight of the polymer, the above statements with respect to silicone polymers equally apply.
- Polyacrylates are polymers which are obtained by polymerization of acrylate monomers, such as methyl methacrylates (MMA). As to the presence of functional groups which render the polymer crosslinkable, as well as to the molecular weight of the polymer, the above statements with respect to silicone polymers equally apply.
- Styrene-butadiene-copolymers may be obtained by copolymerization of these monomers. As to the presence of functional groups which render the polymer crosslinkable, as well as to the molecular weight of the polymer, the above statements with respect to silicone polymers equally apply.
- Methyl methacrylates-copolymers may be obtained by co-polymerizing methyl methacrylates with a suitable monomer. As to the presence of functional groups which render the polymer crosslinkable, as well as to the molecular weight of the polymer, the above statements with respect to silicone polymers equally apply.
- The above polymers as well as the details of their synthesis are well-known to the skilled man and need not be described here.
- The above polymers may be additionally mixed with conventional additives, such as rheology modifiers, fillers etc., which are well-known to the skilled man and used for adjusting the properties of the polymers. Examples of such additives are highly-dispersed silica, paraffin oil, surfactants, fillers, and pre-polymeric resins such as silicone resins.
- The above polymeric mass is used according to the present invention with an appropriate crosslinker capable of reacting with the polymer. The reaction between the polymer and the crosslinker causes the curing of the layer applied onto the developed fingerprint. The nature of the crosslinker to be used depends upon the kind of polymer, i.e. which functional groups are present in the polymer.
- For example, in the case of the above-mentioned addition-crosslinkable silicone polymer, an appropriate crosslinker is a reagent capable of reacting with said polymer via an addition reaction. According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the polymeric mass is the commercial product Silopren U1, a vinyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane sold by GE Bayer Silicones. This polymer may be used, for example, together with the commercially available crosslinking agent Silopren U crosslinker 430 sold by GE Bayer Silicones, which is a polydimethyl hydrogen methyl siloxane comprising Si-H bonds. Said Si-H bonds may react with the vinyl groups in the Silopren U1.
- In the case of the above-mentioned condensation-crosslinkable silicone polymer, an appropriate crosslinker is a reagent capable of reacting with said polymer via a condensation reaction. According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the polymeric mass is the commercial product Silopren C2, a hydroxy-terminated polydimethylsiloxane sold by GE Bayer Silicones. This polymer may be used, for example, together with the commercially available crosslinking agent Silopren C crosslinker 25 sold by GE Bayer Silicones, which is a mixture of alkoxy silicates and organotin compounds.
- The reaction between the polymer and the crosslinking agent is typically accelerated by the use of a catalyst. Catalysts for the respective reactions are well-known. For example, for the above addition-crosslinkable silicone polymer, a suitable catalyst is the Silopren catalyst Pt/D sold by GE Bayer Silicones, which is a platinum complex in divinyl polymethylsiloxane.
- Thus, the present invention is related to a kit for the registration of fingerprints, comprising a clear polymer, preferably as described above, and a suitable crosslinking agent. Optionally, the kit may comprise a suitable catalyst. Furthermore, the kit comprises a developing agent.
- According to the present invention, the kit may be one-component or two-component kit. A one-component kit is a system where the polymeric mass and the crosslinker are stored together in e.g. the same compartment, but will only undergo the crosslinking reaction after being released and brought in contact with air humidity. A two-component kit is a kit where the polymeric mass and the crosslinker are stored separately, e.g. in different compartments.
- In said kit, the polymer may also be present dissolved in a suitable solvent.
- According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the kit comprises Silopren U1 as polymeric mass, Silopren U Crosslinker as suitable crosslinker capable of undergoing an addition reaction with Silopren U1, and Silopren U catalyst as a suitable catalyst,
- According to another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the kit comprises Silopren C2 as polymeric mass, and Silopren U Crosslinker 25 as suitable crosslinker capable of undergoing a condensation reaction with said polymer.
- The amounts of the components to be used are easily determined by a skilled man on a routine basis and adjusted to his personal needs. A typical ratio of polymeric mass to crosslinker according to the present invention is 1:1 to 100:1. Catalysts are typically used in low amounts, i.e. amounts sufficient for obtaining the desired curing times but still not constituting a significant impurity.
- Typical total amounts for all of the components to be used according the present invention lie in a range of from 1 to 20 g, preferably 3 to 10 g.
- The developing agent used in the kit of the present invention may be any developing agent conventionally used in the art of developing fingerprints. Examples are powders such as carbon black, aluminum powder, or magnetic or fluorescent powders.
- The present invention is furthermore related to a process for the registration of fingerprints, comprising the steps of
- a) developing a fingerprint on a surface;
- b) mixing a clear polymer with a suitable crosslinker, optionally in the presence of a suitable catalyst;
- c) immediately applying the mixture obtained in step b) onto the developed fingerprint and allowing said mixture to form a cured clear layer; and
- d) lifting the cured layer obtained in step c) and comprising an impression of said fingerprint off of said surface.
- According to the present invention, the development of a fingerprint may be carried as conventionally performed in the art. Thus, a developing agent such as, for example, carbon black powder, is distributed over the surface to be examined for the presence of fingerprints. Subsequently, the surface to be examined is swept with a brush so that the developing agent adheres to any present latent fingerprint, which in this way becomes developed, i.e. visible.
- The clear crosslinkable polymeric mass is mixed with a suitable crosslinker, optionally in the presence of a catalyst. Preferably, the components are put on a separate object, such as a piece of paper, and thoroughly mixed, e.g. by using a stick. The mixing of the components may be performed by hand-mixing. It is also possible to perform automatic mixing using a conventional cartridge system with a static mixer.
- Immediately thereafter, the mixture thus obtained is applied on the developed fingerprint. This has to be done quickly since curing of the mixture starts instantaneously. The mixture may be cast onto the developed fingerprint. Alternately, it may be scraped off the object where admixture has been performed, for example by using a stick, and then placed on the developed fingerprint. Optionally and if necessary, the applied layer consisting of said mixture may be smoothened, e.g. by using a plastic foil.
- Once put onto the developed fingerprint, the mixture is allowed to cure. Typical curing times according to the present invention are several minutes, for example 3 to 10 minutes, preferably 4 to 6 minutes, under standard environmental conditions (23°C). Of course, curing times depend on the environmental conditions and may be shorter at elevated temperatures or longer at low temperatures.
- The mixture is applied onto the fingerprint in such an amount that a cured clear layer is formed having a thickness not exceeding 5 mm. Thicker layers significantly deteriorate or even completely prevent the taking of photographs through said cured clear layer. Since with increasing thickness the brilliance of the photography taken through said layer decreases as well as the danger of inclusions of air increases, it is preferred to have a thickness of the cured layer which does not exceed 1 mm, preferably not exceed 0.5 mm and most preferably is less than 0.4 mm.
- After the layer has cured, the thus formed clear cured layer may be lifted off of the surface comprising the original fingerprint. The clear cured layer contains a negative impression of the original fingerprint, which however is otherwise identical to the original fingerprint.
- It is now possible to take a photograph of said fingerprint impression contained in said cured layer from the upper side of said layer, i.e. from the side remote from said impression. According to the present invention, any device for taking photographies which is conventionally used in the art is suitable for that purpose. If desired, the clear cured layer may be put on a white or colored surface, for example a piece of white paper, for the taking of the photograph.
- Since the photograph is taken from the upper side of said cured layer, the image of the fingerprint becomes once again reversed, resulting in a "positive" fingerprint reproduction. It is the achievement of the present invention to provide, for the first time, a polymeric mass and a process employing said mass which allow said "positive" fingerprint reproduction.
- According to the present invention, in principle any polymeric mass which forms a clear layer having the required physical parameters such as thickness, viscosity and tensile strength may be used in the above process. It is preferred that the cured layer may be formed from a polymeric mass selected from the group consisting of silicone polymers, polyurethane polymers, polyether polymers, polyacrylates, styrene-butadiene-copolymers, and methyl methacrylate copolymers. It is especially preferred that the cured layer may be formed from the above-described polymeric masses and kits.
- Thus, the present invention teaches the use of a clear crosslinkable polymeric mass for the registration of fingerprints. It is preferred that the cured layer may be formed from a polymeric mass selected from the group consisting of silicone polymers, polyurethane polymers, polyether polymers, polyacrylates, styrene-butadiene-copolymers, and methyl methacrylate copolymers. It is especially preferred that the cured layer may be formed from the above-described polymeric masses and kits.
- The main application for the polymeric masses and kits according to the present invention is the registration of fingerprints. However, the masses and kits may also be used for the registration of other traces, such as for example traces made by a pencil.
- It is also possible, by means of the masses and kits according to the present invention, to register fingerprints from the surface of a paper or a sucking material.
- The present invention is further illustrated by non-limiting examples and drawings.
-
FIG. 1 shows a photograph of a fingerprint taken through a clear cured layer according to the present invention. - A clear cured layer according to the present invention was prepared as follows on the basis of an addition-crosslinkable silicone polymer:
Component A: 99.9 g Silopren U1 0.1 g Silopren U Catalyst Pt/D Component B: 90.0 g Silopren U1 10.0 g Silopren U Crosslinker 430 - The chemical nature of these components has been described above.
- The components A and B were thoroughly mixed with each other on a piece of paper and immediately applied onto a glass plate, on which a fingerprint was created and developed using carbon black as developing agent.
- The mixture was put onto the glass plate using a plastic foil, so that a layer having a thickness of 0.35 mm was obtained. The layer was allowed to cure for about 5 minutes.
- The cured layer was lifted off of the glass plate. A photograph was taken through said layer from the upper side, resulting in a photograph showing the positive impression of the fingerprint. The photograph is shown in
Fig. 1 . No further processing of the photograph was carried out. - A clear cured layer according to the present invention was prepared as follows on the basis of a condensation-crosslinkable silicone polymer:
Component A: 1.0 g Silopren C Crosslinker 25 Component B: 99.0 g Silopren C2 - The chemical nature of these components has been described above.
- A clear cured layer comprising a fingerprint impression was generated as described above in Example 1.
Claims (17)
- Kit for taking fingerprints, comprising a clear crosslinkable polymeric mass and a suitable crosslinking agent and a developing agent.
- Kit according to Claim 1, with the clear crosslinkable polymeric mass selected from the group consisting of silicone polymers, polyurethane polymers, polyether polymers, polyacrylates, styrene-butadiene-copolymers, and methyl methacrylate copolymers.
- Kit according to claim 1, wherein said mass is an addition-crosslinkable silicone polymer.
- Kit according to claim 1, wherein said mass is a condensation-crosslinkable silicone polymer.
- Kit according to claim 1, further comprising one or more additives.
- Kit according to claim 1, further comprising a suitable catalyst.
- Kit according to one of claims 1 to 6, the developing agent being a powder, preferably a selected from the group consisting of carbon black, aluminum powder, magnetic powder, fluorescent powder.
- Kit according to one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the polymeric mass and the crosslinking agent are stored together in the same compartment.
- Kit according one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the polymeric mass and the crosslinking agent are stored separately in different compartments.
- Process for the registration of fingerprints, comprising the steps ofa) developing a fingerprint on a surface;b) mixing a clear crosslinkable polymeric mass with a suitable crosslinker, optionally in the presence of a suitable catalyst;c) immediately applying the mixture obtained in step b) onto the developed fingerprint and allowing said mixture to form a cured clear layer;d) lifting the cured layer obtained in step c) and comprising an impression of said fingerprint off of said surface.
- Process according to claim 10, further comprising the step of taking a photograph through said lifted cured layer obtained in step d) from the upper side.
- Process according to claim 10, wherein said clear crosslinkable polymeric mass polymeric mass is selected from the group consisting of silicone polymers, polyurethane polymers, polyether polymers, polyacrylates, styrene-butadiene-copolymers, and methyl methacrylate copolymers.
- Process according to claim 10, wherein the cured layer obtained in step d) has a thickness not exceeding 5 mm.
- Process according to claim 13, wherein said cured layer has a thickness of less than 0.4 mm.
- Clear cured layer comprising a fingerprint impression, obtained by the process of claim 10.
- Clear cured layer according to claim 15, having a thickness not exceeding 5 mm.
- clear cured layer according to claim 16, having a thickness not exceeding 0.4 mm.
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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EP05100540.3A EP1693420B1 (en) | 2005-01-27 | 2005-01-27 | Kit comprising a clear polymeric material for the registration of fingerprints |
PCT/EP2006/050290 WO2006079599A1 (en) | 2005-01-27 | 2006-01-18 | Clear polymer material for the registration of fingerprints |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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EP05100540.3A EP1693420B1 (en) | 2005-01-27 | 2005-01-27 | Kit comprising a clear polymeric material for the registration of fingerprints |
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EP1693420A1 EP1693420A1 (en) | 2006-08-23 |
EP1693420B1 true EP1693420B1 (en) | 2014-06-04 |
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EP05100540.3A Active EP1693420B1 (en) | 2005-01-27 | 2005-01-27 | Kit comprising a clear polymeric material for the registration of fingerprints |
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Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4228065A (en) * | 1977-08-19 | 1980-10-14 | Bayer Aktiengesellschaft | Microbiocidal organopolysiloxane molding compositions |
Family Cites Families (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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NL8000084A (en) * | 1980-01-08 | 1981-08-03 | Nkf Groep Bv | METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING A LONG-WATERPROOF CABLE AND THE LONG-WATERPROOF CABLE SO OBTAINED |
DE59601141D1 (en) * | 1995-02-21 | 1999-02-25 | Muehlbauer Ernst Kg | IMPRESSION DIMENSIONS BASED ON SILICON WITH WAX ADDITIVE |
US5662942A (en) * | 1996-04-15 | 1997-09-02 | Kim, Ii; Anthony | Kit for obtaining fingerprint impression and method of using same |
EP1288871B1 (en) * | 2001-08-15 | 2008-02-27 | Eastman Kodak Company | Authentic document and method of making |
-
2005
- 2005-01-27 EP EP05100540.3A patent/EP1693420B1/en active Active
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US4228065A (en) * | 1977-08-19 | 1980-10-14 | Bayer Aktiengesellschaft | Microbiocidal organopolysiloxane molding compositions |
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