EP1683926A2 - Building roof and its production method - Google Patents

Building roof and its production method Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP1683926A2
EP1683926A2 EP06001132A EP06001132A EP1683926A2 EP 1683926 A2 EP1683926 A2 EP 1683926A2 EP 06001132 A EP06001132 A EP 06001132A EP 06001132 A EP06001132 A EP 06001132A EP 1683926 A2 EP1683926 A2 EP 1683926A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
layer
sealing layer
rivet
nut
blind rivet
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP06001132A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1683926B1 (en
EP1683926A3 (en
Inventor
Eckhard Hofmeister
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP1683926A2 publication Critical patent/EP1683926A2/en
Publication of EP1683926A3 publication Critical patent/EP1683926A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1683926B1 publication Critical patent/EP1683926B1/en
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Images

Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
    • E04D11/00—Roof covering, as far as not restricted to features covered by only one of groups E04D1/00 - E04D9/00; Roof covering in ways not provided for by groups E04D1/00 - E04D9/00, e.g. built-up roofs, elevated load-supporting roof coverings
    • E04D11/02—Build-up roofs, i.e. consisting of two or more layers bonded together in situ, at least one of the layers being of watertight composition
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
    • E04D3/00—Roof covering by making use of flat or curved slabs or stiff sheets
    • E04D3/36—Connecting; Fastening
    • E04D3/3601—Connecting; Fastening of roof covering supported by the roof structure with interposition of a insulating layer
    • E04D3/3603—Connecting; Fastening of roof covering supported by the roof structure with interposition of a insulating layer the fastening means being screws or nails
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
    • E04D3/00—Roof covering by making use of flat or curved slabs or stiff sheets
    • E04D3/36—Connecting; Fastening
    • E04D3/3605—Connecting; Fastening of roof covering supported directly by the roof structure
    • E04D3/3606—Connecting; Fastening of roof covering supported directly by the roof structure the fastening means being screws or nails

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a building roof with a waterproof base layer and a cladding layer attached thereto and a method for its production.
  • the task is to attach a cladding layer to a dense base layer, such as a waterproof roof, without compromising the tightness.
  • a dense base layer such as a waterproof roof
  • the tightness can be achieved by a tight weld of the plates.
  • this may be undesirable for aesthetic reasons and also complicates subsequent repair work. Sticking the cladding layer stresses the surface of the support layer strong and also does not meet the requirements that are made, for example, the stability of a building's roof.
  • the object of the invention is therefore to provide a roof construction and a method for their production, through which the necessary tightness is achieved and yet allows a stable and secure attachment of the cladding layer.
  • the blind rivet nut is inserted into the rivet hole with the shaft first. Then, a threaded mandrel of a riveting tool is screwed into the internal thread of the blind rivet nut. While the blind rivet nut is pressed onto the base layer with the rivet head, the threaded mandrel is pulled into the riveting tool at the same time as the riveting tool. In this case, a rivet bead formed by the plastic deformation of the shaft below the base layer, so that the support layer is clamped between the rivet head and the Nietwulst. The blind rivet nut is thus powerful and positively connected to the support layer. Finally, the mandrel of the riveting tool is unscrewed again, and with a screw which is screwed into the internal thread of the blind rivet nut, an object to be fastened to the support layer is screwed.
  • an attachment of the article can therefore be a screw with a support layer, in which only a rivet hole must be drilled.
  • the base layer needs to be accessible only from one side.
  • the blind rivet nut now passes through a sealing layer, which is clamped between the rivet head and the rivet bead.
  • the sealing layer can be arranged on the support layer.
  • the sealing layer covers the base layer from surface.
  • the cladding layer can be securely and stably fixed with a screw on the support layer, while at the same time the tightness is ensured. Therefore, it is not necessary, for example, welded to the support layer stainless steel plates to ensure the tightness.
  • the sealing layer touches the rivet head or the rivet bead.
  • the compound is particularly well sealed. This applies in particular in the case of an elastically deformable sealing layer.
  • the rivet head sits tightly on the sealing layer, which is arranged on the support layer and against which the rivet bead is tightened from below.
  • the sealing layer is made of an elastomer.
  • This may be, for example, ethylene-propylene terpolymer rubber (EPDM).
  • EPDM ethylene-propylene terpolymer rubber
  • This finds particular as an elastomeric web, which is reinforced with polyester / glass fiber fabric application.
  • the cladding layer is supported via an intermediate element on the sealing layer or the rivet head.
  • the single drawing figure shows a section of a building roof with a cladding, which is fastened by means of a blind rivet nut to a support layer.
  • blindnietmutter 10 Shown is a Blindnietmutter 10, which has at its upper end a collar which forms a flat rivet head 12. In the lower region, the blind rivet nut 10 has a cylindrical cup-shaped shaft 14. A bottom 16 of the shank 14 forms the lower end of the blind rivet nut 10.
  • the blind rivet nut 10 is inserted into a rivet hole 18 of a metal plate forming a base layer 20. On its upper side, the support layer 20 is covered by a sealing layer 22 areally. The blind rivet nut 10 passes through the sealing layer 22 and is pressed so far into the rivet hole 18, that the rivet head 12 is supported on the sealing layer 22 touching.
  • the sealing layer 22 is formed, for example, by an elastomeric web. This is for example made of polyester or glass fiber reinforced ethylene-propylene terpolymer rubber (EPDM).
  • EPDM ethylene-propylene terpolymer rubber
  • a rivet bead 24 is formed on the shaft 14, which was produced during riveting of the blind rivet nut 10 with the support layer 20.
  • the base layer 20 and the sealing layer 22 are squeezed between the rivet head 12 and the rivet bead 24, so that the deforming sealing layer 22 is tightly connected to the rivet head 12.
  • the riveting of the blind rivet nut 10 is carried out in a conventional manner by means of a screwed into an internal thread 26 of the shank 14 threaded mandrel of a riveting tool and tightening the threaded mandrel.
  • blind rivet nut 10 passes through the sealing layer 22 in accordance with the invention, due to the firm connection with the sealing layer 22 and through the closed bottom 16 of the shank 14, the resulting opening in the sealing layer 22 is sealed.
  • the sealing layer 22 carries an intermediate element 28, which is covered by a cladding layer 30, which forms, for example, the outer termination of a building roof.
  • the cladding layer 30 is fastened to the blind rivet nut 10, for example, with a countersunk screw 32, so that the base layer 20, the sealing layer 22, the intermediate element 28 and the cladding layer 30 form a unit.
  • the surface of the screw head with the cladding layer 30 terminates, so that there is a substantially smooth surface of the building roof.
  • the intermediate element 28 has, for example, an integrated drainage device with which any water which has penetrated between the head of the screw 32 and the cladding layer 30 is discharged.
  • the tight connection between the blind rivet nut 10 and the sealing layer 22 ensures that no water gets to the support layer 20.
  • Below the base layer 20 is, for example, an insulating layer 34 made of mineral fibers.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Roof Covering Using Slabs Or Stiff Sheets (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)
  • Vehicle Interior And Exterior Ornaments, Soundproofing, And Insulation (AREA)

Abstract

There is a sealing layer (22) on top of the base layer (20). These layers are clamped by a blind rivet nut (10), between its head- and rivet flanges (12, 24), the latter being located below the base layer. Nut (10) flanges are connected by a collar. The cup-shaped opening in the nut shaft (14) is blind, i.e. open only at the top. It is internally-threaded (26). The nut is located in a hole (18) in the base layer, and passes through the sealing layer (22) which it clamps, making watertight connection. The cladding layer (30) is fastened to the nut using a screw (26) in the internal thread. An independent claim is included for the corresponding method of making the roof.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Gebäudedach mit einer wasserdichten Tragschicht und einer darauf befestigten Verkleidungsschicht sowie ein Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung.The invention relates to a building roof with a waterproof base layer and a cladding layer attached thereto and a method for its production.

Beim Bau eines Gebäudedaches, stellt sich die Aufgabe, eine Verkleidungsschicht an einer dichten Tragschicht, beispielsweise einer wasserdichten Dachhaut, zu befestigen, ohne dabei die Dichtheit zu beeinträchtigen. Wenn die Verkleidungsschicht beispielsweise aus Edelstahlplatten besteht, läßt sich die Dichtheit durch eine dichte Schweißverbindung der Platten erreichen. Dies kann jedoch aus ästhetischen Gründen unerwünscht sein und erschwert zudem spätere Ausbesserungsarbeiten. Ein Ankleben der Verkleidungsschicht beansprucht die Oberfläche der Tragschicht stark und genügt zudem nicht den Anforderungen, die beispielsweise an die Stabilität eines Gebäudedaches gestellt werden.When building a building roof, the task is to attach a cladding layer to a dense base layer, such as a waterproof roof, without compromising the tightness. For example, if the cladding layer is made of stainless steel plates, the tightness can be achieved by a tight weld of the plates. However, this may be undesirable for aesthetic reasons and also complicates subsequent repair work. Sticking the cladding layer stresses the surface of the support layer strong and also does not meet the requirements that are made, for example, the stability of a building's roof.

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es daher, eine Dachkonstruktion und ein Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung anzugeben, durch die die nötige Dichtheit erreicht wird und die dennoch eine stabile und sichere Befestigung der Verkleidungsschicht erlaubt.The object of the invention is therefore to provide a roof construction and a method for their production, through which the necessary tightness is achieved and yet allows a stable and secure attachment of the cladding layer.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch ein Gebäudedach gemäß Anspruch 1 und ein Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 5 gelöst.This object is achieved by a building roof according to claim 1 and a method according to claim 5.

Aus dem Maschinenbau sind Blindnietmuttern bekannt, die auch als Einnietmuttern bezeichnet werden. Diese weisen einen außen zylindrischen Schaft und am oberen Ende einen durch einen Kragen gebildeten Nietkopf auf. EP 0 589 144 A1 beschreibt ein Beispiel einer solchen Blindnietmutter, die zur Befestigung von Scharnieren von Kofferraumdeckeln an der Karosserie von Kraftfahrzeugen dient und bei der unter dem Nietkopf ein Dichtring angeordnet ist.From the engineering blind rivet nuts are known, which are also referred to as rivet nuts. These have an outer cylindrical shaft and at the top of a rivet head formed by a collar. EP 0 589 144 A1 describes an example of such a blind rivet nut which serves for fastening hinges of trunk lids to the bodywork of motor vehicles and in which a sealing ring is arranged below the rivet head.

Die Blindnietmutter wird mit dem Schaft voran in das Nietloch eingesetzt. Sodann wird ein Gewindedorn eines Nietwerkzeuges in das Innengewinde der Blindnietmutter eingeschraubt. Während die Blindnietmutter mit dem Nietkopf auf die Tragschicht gedrückt wird, wird zugleich mit dem Nietwerkzeug der Gewindedorn in das Nietwerkzeug gezogen. Dabei bildet sich durch plastische Verformung des Schaftes ein Nietwulst unterhalb der Tragschicht, so daß die Tragschicht klemmend zwischen dem Nietkopf und dem Nietwulst gehalten wird. Die Blindnietmutter ist somit kraft-und formschlüssig mit der Tragschicht verbunden. Schließlich wird der Gewindedorn des Nietwerkzeuges wieder herausgeschraubt, und mit einer Schraube, die in das Innengewinde der Blindnietmutter eingeschraubt wird, wird ein an der Tragschicht zu befestigender Gegenstand angeschraubt.The blind rivet nut is inserted into the rivet hole with the shaft first. Then, a threaded mandrel of a riveting tool is screwed into the internal thread of the blind rivet nut. While the blind rivet nut is pressed onto the base layer with the rivet head, the threaded mandrel is pulled into the riveting tool at the same time as the riveting tool. In this case, a rivet bead formed by the plastic deformation of the shaft below the base layer, so that the support layer is clamped between the rivet head and the Nietwulst. The blind rivet nut is thus powerful and positively connected to the support layer. Finally, the mandrel of the riveting tool is unscrewed again, and with a screw which is screwed into the internal thread of the blind rivet nut, an object to be fastened to the support layer is screwed.

Bei einer solchen Befestigung des Gegenstands kann daher eine Verschraubung mit einer Tragschicht erfolgen, in die lediglich ein Nietloch gebohrt werden muß. Zudem braucht die Tragschicht nur von einer Seite zugänglich zu sein.In such an attachment of the article can therefore be a screw with a support layer, in which only a rivet hole must be drilled. In addition, the base layer needs to be accessible only from one side.

Allerdings würde beispielsweise im Falle eines Gebäudedaches eine solche Schraubverbindung Regenwasser zwischen der Schraube und der Verkleidungsschicht in das Dach eintreten lassen, und die Dichtheit der Tragschicht wäre durch die Unterbrechung durch die Blindnietmutter beeinträchtigt.However, for example, in the case of a building roof, such a threaded connection would allow rainwater to enter the roof between the screw and the cladding layer and the tightness of the base layer would be affected by the breakage by the blind rivet nut.

Erfindungsgemäß durchsetzt nun die Blindnietmutter eine Dichtungsschicht, welche zwischen dem Nietkopf und dem Nietwulst klemmend gehalten ist.According to the invention, the blind rivet nut now passes through a sealing layer, which is clamped between the rivet head and the rivet bead.

Durch die klemmende und dichte Verbindung der Dichtungsschicht mit der Blindnietmutter und durch den einseitig geschlossenen Schaft der Blindnietmutter wird die Öffnung in der Dichtungsschicht und der Tragschicht verschlossen. Es ergibt sich insgesamt eine dichte Befestigung der Blindnietmutter an der Tragschicht. Dabei kann beispielsweise die Dichtungsschicht auf der Tragschicht angeordnet sein. Vorzugsweise deckt die Dichtungsschicht die Tragschicht flächig ab.By the clamping and tight connection of the sealing layer with the blind rivet nut and by the one-sided closed shaft of the blind rivet nut, the opening in the sealing layer and the support layer is closed. Overall, this results in a tight attachment of the blind rivet nut to the base layer. In this case, for example, the sealing layer can be arranged on the support layer. Preferably, the sealing layer covers the base layer from surface.

Durch die erfindungsgemäße Konstruktion läßt sich also die Verkleidungsschicht sicher und stabil mit einer Schraubverbindung an der Tragschicht befestigen, während zugleich die Dichtheit gewährleistet ist. Daher ist es beispielsweise nicht nötig, an der Tragschicht angebrachte Edelstahlplatten miteinander zu verschweißen, um die Dichtheit sicherzustellen.Due to the construction according to the invention, therefore, the cladding layer can be securely and stably fixed with a screw on the support layer, while at the same time the tightness is ensured. Therefore, it is not necessary, for example, welded to the support layer stainless steel plates to ensure the tightness.

Die Dichtungsschicht berührt, je nach Anordnung der Dichtungsschicht, den Nietkopf oder den Nietwulst. Durch diesen Anschluß des Nietkopfes oder des Nietwulstes an die Dichtungsschicht ist die Verbindung besonders gut abgedichtet. Dies gilt insbesondere im Falle einer elastisch verformbaren Dichtungsschicht. Beispielsweise sitzt der Nietkopf dicht auf der Dichtungsschicht, die auf der Tragschicht angeordnet ist und gegen die von unten der Nietwulst angezogen ist.Depending on the arrangement of the sealing layer, the sealing layer touches the rivet head or the rivet bead. By this connection of the rivet head or rivet bead to the sealing layer, the compound is particularly well sealed. This applies in particular in the case of an elastically deformable sealing layer. For example, the rivet head sits tightly on the sealing layer, which is arranged on the support layer and against which the rivet bead is tightened from below.

Vorzugsweise ist die Dichtungsschicht aus einem Elastomer hergestellt. Bei diesem kann es sich beispielsweise um Ethylen-Propylen-Terpolymer-Kautschuk (EPDM) handeln. Diese findet insbesondere als elastomere Bahn, welche mit Polyester-/Glasfasergewebe verstärkt ist, Anwendung.Preferably, the sealing layer is made of an elastomer. This may be, for example, ethylene-propylene terpolymer rubber (EPDM). This finds particular as an elastomeric web, which is reinforced with polyester / glass fiber fabric application.

Vorzugsweise stützt sich die Verkleidungsschicht über ein Zwischenelement an der Dichtungsschicht oder dem Nietkopf ab.Preferably, the cladding layer is supported via an intermediate element on the sealing layer or the rivet head.

Ein bevorzugtes Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung wird im folgenden anhand der Zeichnung näher erläutert.A preferred embodiment of the invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to the drawing.

Die einzige Zeichnungsfigur zeigt einen Abschnitt eines Gebäudedaches mit einer Verkleidung, die mittels einer Blindnietmutter an einer Tragschicht befestigt ist.The single drawing figure shows a section of a building roof with a cladding, which is fastened by means of a blind rivet nut to a support layer.

Dargestellt ist eine Blindnietmutter 10, die an ihrem oberen Ende einen Kragen aufweist, der einen flachen Nietkopf 12 bildet. Im unteren Bereich weist die Blindnietmutter 10 einen zylindrischen, topfförmigen Schaft 14 auf. Ein Boden 16 des Schaftes 14 bildet das untere Ende der Blindnietmutter 10.Shown is a Blindnietmutter 10, which has at its upper end a collar which forms a flat rivet head 12. In the lower region, the blind rivet nut 10 has a cylindrical cup-shaped shaft 14. A bottom 16 of the shank 14 forms the lower end of the blind rivet nut 10.

Die Blindnietmutter 10 ist in ein Nietloch 18 einer Metallplatte, die eine Tragschicht 20 bildet, eingesteckt. Auf ihrer Oberseite ist die Tragschicht 20 von einer Dichtungsschicht 22 flächig bedeckt. Die Blindnietmutter 10 durchsetzt die Dichtungsschicht 22 und ist so weit in das Nietloch 18 eingedrückt, daß sich der Nietkopf 12 berührend auf der Dichtungsschicht 22 abstützt.The blind rivet nut 10 is inserted into a rivet hole 18 of a metal plate forming a base layer 20. On its upper side, the support layer 20 is covered by a sealing layer 22 areally. The blind rivet nut 10 passes through the sealing layer 22 and is pressed so far into the rivet hole 18, that the rivet head 12 is supported on the sealing layer 22 touching.

Die Dichtungsschicht 22 wird beispielsweise durch eine elastomere Bahn gebildet. Diese ist beispielsweise aus mit Polyester- oder Glasfasergewebe verstärktem Ethylen-Propylen-Terpolymer-Kautschuk (EPDM) hergestellt.The sealing layer 22 is formed, for example, by an elastomeric web. This is for example made of polyester or glass fiber reinforced ethylene-propylene terpolymer rubber (EPDM).

Auf der anderen Seite der Tragschicht 20 ist ein Nietwulst 24 am Schaft 14 ausgebildet, der beim Vernieten der Blindnietmutter 10 mit der Tragschicht 20 erzeugt wurde. Durch diese Nietverbindung sind die Tragschicht 20 und die Dichtungsschicht 22 zwischen dem Nietkopf 12 und dem Nietwulst 24 gequetscht, so daß die sich verformende Dichtungsschicht 22 dicht mit dem Nietkopf 12 verbunden ist. Die Vernietung der Blindnietmutter 10 erfolgt in an sich bekannter Weise mittels eines in ein Innengewinde 26 des Schaftes 14 eingeschraubten Gewindedorns eines Nietwerkzeuges und Anziehen des Gewindedorns.On the other side of the support layer 20, a rivet bead 24 is formed on the shaft 14, which was produced during riveting of the blind rivet nut 10 with the support layer 20. As a result of this riveted connection, the base layer 20 and the sealing layer 22 are squeezed between the rivet head 12 and the rivet bead 24, so that the deforming sealing layer 22 is tightly connected to the rivet head 12. The riveting of the blind rivet nut 10 is carried out in a conventional manner by means of a screwed into an internal thread 26 of the shank 14 threaded mandrel of a riveting tool and tightening the threaded mandrel.

Erfindungsgemäß durchsetzt zwar die Blindnietmutter 10 die Dichtungsschicht 22. Durch die feste Verbindung mit der Dichtungsschicht 22 und durch den geschlossenen Boden 16 des Schaftes 14 ist die entstandene Öffnung in der Dichtungsschicht 22 jedoch abgedichtet.Although the blind rivet nut 10 passes through the sealing layer 22 in accordance with the invention, due to the firm connection with the sealing layer 22 and through the closed bottom 16 of the shank 14, the resulting opening in the sealing layer 22 is sealed.

Die Dichtungsschicht 22 trägt ein Zwischenelement 28, das durch eine Verkleidungsschicht 30 abgedeckt ist, die beispielsweise den äußeren Abschluß eines Gebäudedaches bildet. Die Verkleidungsschicht 30 ist beispielsweise mit einer Senkkopfschraube 32 an der Blindnietmutter 10 befestigt, so daß die Tragschicht 20, die Dichtungsschicht 22, das Zwischenelement 28 und die Verkleidungsschicht 30 eine Einheit bilden. Dabei schließt die Oberfläche des Schraubenkopfes mit der Verkleidungsschicht 30 ab, so daß sich eine im wesentlichen glatte Oberfläche des Gebäudedaches ergibt.The sealing layer 22 carries an intermediate element 28, which is covered by a cladding layer 30, which forms, for example, the outer termination of a building roof. The cladding layer 30 is fastened to the blind rivet nut 10, for example, with a countersunk screw 32, so that the base layer 20, the sealing layer 22, the intermediate element 28 and the cladding layer 30 form a unit. In this case, the surface of the screw head with the cladding layer 30 terminates, so that there is a substantially smooth surface of the building roof.

Das Zwischenelement 28 weist beispielsweise eine integrierte Drainagevorrichtung auf, mit der etwaiges zwischen dem Kopf der Schraube 32 und der Verkleidungsschicht 30 eingedrungenes Wasser abgeleitet wird. Dabei sorgt die dichte Verbindung zwischen der Blindnietmutter 10 und der Dichtungsschicht 22 dafür, daß kein Wasser zu der Tragschicht 20 gelangt. Unterhalb der Tragschicht 20 befindet sich beispielsweise eine Dämmschicht 34 aus Mineralfasern.The intermediate element 28 has, for example, an integrated drainage device with which any water which has penetrated between the head of the screw 32 and the cladding layer 30 is discharged. The tight connection between the blind rivet nut 10 and the sealing layer 22 ensures that no water gets to the support layer 20. Below the base layer 20 is, for example, an insulating layer 34 made of mineral fibers.

Durch die beschriebene Vorrichtung ergibt sich eine ästhetisch ansprechende Befestigung der Verkleidungsschicht 30 an der Tragschicht 20, die trotz der Verwendung einer Schraube dicht ist.By the described device results in an aesthetically pleasing attachment of the cladding layer 30 to the support layer 20, which is tight despite the use of a screw.

Claims (5)

Gebäudedach mit einer wasserdichten Tragschicht (20) und einer darauf befestigten Verkleidungsschicht (30), dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß auf einer Seite der Tragschicht (20) eine Dichtungsschicht (22) angeordnet ist, daß eine Blindnietmutter (10), die einen durch einen Kragen gebildeten Nietkopf (12) auf einer ersten Seite der Tragschicht (20), einen Nietwulst (24) auf einer zweiten Seite der Tragschicht (20) und einen im wesentlichen topfförmigen, nur am nietkopfseitigen Ende der Blindnietmutter (10) offenen Schaft (14) mit einem Innengewinde (26) aufweist, so in einem Nietloch (18) der Tragschicht (20) angeordnet ist, daß sie die Dichtungsschicht (22) durchsetzt, so daß diese zwischen dem Nietkopf (12) und dem Nietwulst (24) klemmend gehalten ist und dadurch die Blindnietmutter (10) dicht mit der Dichtungsschicht (22) verbunden ist, und daß die Verkleidungsschicht (30) mit einer in das Innengewinde (26) eingeschraubten Schraube (32) an der Blindnietmutter (10) befestigt ist.Building roof with a watertight base layer (20) and a cladding layer (30) mounted thereon, characterized in that on one side of the support layer (20) a sealing layer (22) is arranged, that a blind rivet nut (10), the one formed by a collar Rivet head (12) on a first side of the support layer (20), a Nietwulst (24) on a second side of the support layer (20) and a substantially cup-shaped, only at nietkopfseitigen end of the blind rivet nut (10) open shank (14) with a Internal thread (26), in a rivet hole (18) of the support layer (20) is arranged so that it passes through the sealing layer (22) so that it is clamped between the rivet head (12) and the Nietwulst (24) and thereby the blind rivet nut (10) is sealed to the sealing layer (22), and the cladding layer (30) is secured to the blind rivet nut (10) by a screw (32) threaded into the internal thread (26). Gebäudedach nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Dichtungsschicht (22) die Tragschicht (20) flächig abdeckt.Building roof according to Claim 1, characterized in that the sealing layer (22) covers the base layer (20) in a planar manner. Gebäudedach nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Dichtungsschicht (22) zwischen der Verkleidungsschicht (30) und der Tragschicht (20) angeordnet ist.Building roof according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the sealing layer (22) between the cladding layer (30) and the support layer (20) is arranged. Gebäudedach nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sich die Verkleidungsschicht (30) über ein Zwischenelement (28) an der Dichtungsschicht (22) und/ oder dem Nietkopf (12) abstützt.Building roof according to Claim 3, characterized in that the cladding layer (30) is supported on the sealing layer (22) and / or the rivet head (12) via an intermediate element (28). Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Gebäudedaches mit einer wasserdichten Tragschicht (20) und einer darauf befestigten Verkleidungschicht (30) nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, gekennzeichnet durch die folgenden Schritte: - Anbringen einer Dichtungsschicht (22) auf einer Seite der Tragschicht (20), - Herstellen eines Nietloches (18) in der Tragschicht (20), - Einsetzen einer Blindnietmutter (10), die einen durch einen Kragen gebildeten Nietkopf (12) und einen im wesentlichen topfförmigen Schaft (14) mit einem Innengewinde (26) aufweist, der nur am nietkopfseitigen Ende der Blindnietmutter (10) offen ist, mit dem Schaft (14) voran in das Nietloch, so daß sich der Nietkopf (12) auf einer ersten Seite der Tragschicht (20) befindet und der Schaft (14) die Tragschicht (20) und die Dichtungsschicht (22) durchsetzt, - Ausbilden eines Nietwulstes (24) auf einer zweiten Seite der Tragschicht (20) durch Anziehen des Schaftes (14) gegen den Nietkopf (12), wobei die Dichtungsschicht (22) zwischen dem Nietkopf (12) und dem Nietwulst (24) eingeklemmt wird und die Blindnietmutter (10) dicht mit der Dichtungsschicht (22) verbunden wird, und - Befestigen der Verkleidungsschicht (30) mit einer in das Innengewinde (26) eingeschraubten Schraube (32). Method for producing a building roof with a watertight base layer (20) and a cladding layer (30) fastened thereon according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by the following steps: Attaching a sealing layer (22) on one side of the base layer (20), - Producing a Nietloches (18) in the support layer (20), - Inserting a blind rivet nut (10) having a rivet head formed by a collar (12) and a substantially cup-shaped shaft (14) having an internal thread (26) which is open only at the rivet head end of the blind rivet nut (10), with the Shaft (14) first into the rivet hole, so that the rivet head (12) is located on a first side of the support layer (20) and the shank (14) the support layer (20). and the sealing layer (22) passes through, - forming a Nietwulstes (24) on a second side of the support layer (20) by tightening the shaft (14) against the rivet head (12), wherein the sealing layer (22) between the rivet head (12) and the Nietwulst (24) is clamped and the blind rivet nut (10) is sealed to the sealing layer (22), and - Fixing the cladding layer (30) with a in the internal thread (26) screwed screw (32).
EP06001132A 2005-01-24 2006-01-19 Building roof and its production method Not-in-force EP1683926B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102005003395A DE102005003395B3 (en) 2005-01-24 2005-01-24 Use of a blind rivet nut for the manufacture of a building roof

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1683926A2 true EP1683926A2 (en) 2006-07-26
EP1683926A3 EP1683926A3 (en) 2009-03-11
EP1683926B1 EP1683926B1 (en) 2010-03-10

Family

ID=36201424

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP06001132A Not-in-force EP1683926B1 (en) 2005-01-24 2006-01-19 Building roof and its production method

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US20060174558A1 (en)
EP (1) EP1683926B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE460545T1 (en)
CA (1) CA2533239A1 (en)
DE (2) DE102005003395B3 (en)
ES (1) ES2339957T3 (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN100419186C (en) * 2006-12-28 2008-09-17 江苏省高新技术发展研究所有限公司 Leakage-proof connecting apparatus for roof board and purlin

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3040794A1 (en) * 1979-11-01 1981-05-14 Protan & Fagertun A/S, Drammen Fixing layered insulating and sealing coating - involves lug screwed through sealing layer from top to bottom disc
FR2496149A2 (en) * 1980-12-15 1982-06-18 Amadeuf Claude Plate for fixing panel to wall - has rivet held sleeve preventing penetration of rivet through plate
DE3607607A1 (en) * 1986-03-07 1987-09-17 Braas & Co Gmbh FIXING SEALING SHEETS AND / OR INSULATION PANELS ON THE FLAT ROOF AND THEREFORE SPECIFIC FASTENING DEVICE
EP0589144A1 (en) * 1992-09-23 1994-03-30 GESELLSCHAFT FÜR BEFESTIGUNGSTECHNIK GEBR. TITGEMEYER GmbH & CO. KG. Rivet connection
WO2001073305A1 (en) * 2000-03-27 2001-10-04 Profil Verbindungstechnik Gmbh & Co. Kg Functional element arrangement, functional element, auxiliary assembly element, assembled component and method for producing an assembled component

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3404596A (en) * 1966-08-24 1968-10-08 Illinois Tool Works Waterproof fastening device
US4828438A (en) * 1988-03-17 1989-05-09 The B.F. Goodrich Company Blind fastener
US5080542A (en) * 1989-11-24 1992-01-14 J. P. Sheahan & Associates, Inc. Fastening and leak detector device and method for its use to secure roofs
US6151581A (en) * 1996-12-17 2000-11-21 Pulsegroup Inc. System for and method of collecting and populating a database with physician/patient data for processing to improve practice quality and healthcare delivery
US6253115B1 (en) * 1998-12-22 2001-06-26 General Electric Company System for implementing a design for six sigma process
US6401055B1 (en) * 1999-10-29 2002-06-04 General Electric Company, Inc. Method and system of measuring and quantifying inefficiencies in a healthcare facility
DE102004003240A1 (en) * 2004-01-21 2005-08-11 Newfrey Llc, Newark blind rivet nut

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3040794A1 (en) * 1979-11-01 1981-05-14 Protan & Fagertun A/S, Drammen Fixing layered insulating and sealing coating - involves lug screwed through sealing layer from top to bottom disc
FR2496149A2 (en) * 1980-12-15 1982-06-18 Amadeuf Claude Plate for fixing panel to wall - has rivet held sleeve preventing penetration of rivet through plate
DE3607607A1 (en) * 1986-03-07 1987-09-17 Braas & Co Gmbh FIXING SEALING SHEETS AND / OR INSULATION PANELS ON THE FLAT ROOF AND THEREFORE SPECIFIC FASTENING DEVICE
EP0589144A1 (en) * 1992-09-23 1994-03-30 GESELLSCHAFT FÜR BEFESTIGUNGSTECHNIK GEBR. TITGEMEYER GmbH & CO. KG. Rivet connection
WO2001073305A1 (en) * 2000-03-27 2001-10-04 Profil Verbindungstechnik Gmbh & Co. Kg Functional element arrangement, functional element, auxiliary assembly element, assembled component and method for producing an assembled component

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN100419186C (en) * 2006-12-28 2008-09-17 江苏省高新技术发展研究所有限公司 Leakage-proof connecting apparatus for roof board and purlin

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CA2533239A1 (en) 2006-07-24
DE102005003395B3 (en) 2006-10-12
ES2339957T3 (en) 2010-05-27
US20060174558A1 (en) 2006-08-10
ATE460545T1 (en) 2010-03-15
EP1683926B1 (en) 2010-03-10
EP1683926A3 (en) 2009-03-11
DE502006006369D1 (en) 2010-04-22

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
EP1804008B1 (en) Combination of a fastening device with a roof
DE68908657T2 (en) Fastening structure of a roof panel.
DE4342097A1 (en) Bracket for the bending moment-free storage of glass plates
EP0833757A1 (en) Method of producing a profiled seal for a cabriolet hood, and profiled seal
DE102012003819A1 (en) Functional element for fluid-tight attachment to a sheet metal part, assembly part and method
DE102012101320A1 (en) Screw and thin sheet metal connection made therewith
DE10140714C2 (en) grommet
DE102005017379A1 (en) Fastening element and method for its production
EP0233143B1 (en) Vehicle body panels
DE10253448B4 (en) threaded insert
DE10113044C2 (en) System for fastening a component to a carrier component
EP2108545A2 (en) Assembly for attaching a profile, in particular a hollow profile, to a vehicle roof
WO2001009449A1 (en) Structural member that consists of a plain washer with a center hole
EP1683926B1 (en) Building roof and its production method
DE202005001150U1 (en) Fastener for steel cladding plates at a sealed roof carrier has a blind rivet nut through a hole, with the seal layer clamped between the rivet head and a beading to give an anchor without loss of sealing
EP1575795B1 (en) Method for the production of the door of a motor vehicle and a door made by said method
DE102011121592A1 (en) Component assembly of closing device for tailgate of vehicle e.g. motor car, has screw for connecting base and components in such a way that projections formed on screw head support region are deformable during screwing process
DE3232075C2 (en) Arrangement of a sealing ring made of elastomeric plastic for sealing socket pipe connections of concrete pipes
DE102006021457B4 (en) Metal reinforced plastic carrier for a vehicle
DE10157636B4 (en) Roof module for a vehicle with roof structure
DE10101220B4 (en) Mounting element for a Fußfeststellbremse
WO2012013352A1 (en) Preform for an interior trim part of a vehicle and interior trim part
AT405918B (en) ASSEMBLY KEY
DE3324383A1 (en) Device for fastening a hose to the handle of a shower
DE1954738A1 (en) Process for producing an insulating tab in a continuous rail and rail with a tab produced according to this method

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A2

Designated state(s): AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC NL PL PT RO SE SI SK TR

AX Request for extension of the european patent

Extension state: AL BA HR MK YU

PUAL Search report despatched

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009013

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A3

Designated state(s): AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC NL PL PT RO SE SI SK TR

AX Request for extension of the european patent

Extension state: AL BA HR MK YU

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 20090407

GRAP Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR1

AKX Designation fees paid

Designated state(s): AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC NL PL PT RO SE SI SK TR

GRAS Grant fee paid

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR3

GRAA (expected) grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: B1

Designated state(s): AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC NL PL PT RO SE SI SK TR

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: GB

Ref legal event code: FG4D

Free format text: NOT ENGLISH

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: NV

Representative=s name: PATENTANWALTSBUERO JEAN HUNZIKER AG

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: EP

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: IE

Ref legal event code: FG4D

REF Corresponds to:

Ref document number: 502006006369

Country of ref document: DE

Date of ref document: 20100422

Kind code of ref document: P

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: NL

Ref legal event code: T3

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: ES

Ref legal event code: FG2A

Ref document number: 2339957

Country of ref document: ES

Kind code of ref document: T3

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: LT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20100310

LTIE Lt: invalidation of european patent or patent extension

Effective date: 20100310

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: SI

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20100310

Ref country code: PL

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20100310

Ref country code: LV

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20100310

Ref country code: FI

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20100310

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: IE

Ref legal event code: FD4D

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: RO

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20100310

Ref country code: SE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20100310

Ref country code: CY

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20100310

Ref country code: EE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20100310

Ref country code: GR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20100611

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: CZ

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20100310

Ref country code: BG

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20100610

Ref country code: SK

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20100310

Ref country code: IS

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20100710

PLBE No opposition filed within time limit

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DK

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20100310

Ref country code: PT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20100712

Ref country code: IE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20100310

26N No opposition filed

Effective date: 20101213

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: MC

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20110131

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: LU

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20110119

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: TR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20100310

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: HU

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20100310

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: CH

Payment date: 20140226

Year of fee payment: 9

Ref country code: NL

Payment date: 20140227

Year of fee payment: 9

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: NL

Ref legal event code: V1

Effective date: 20150801

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: PL

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: NL

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20150801

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: CH

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20150131

Ref country code: LI

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20150131

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: FR

Ref legal event code: PLFP

Year of fee payment: 11

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: IT

Payment date: 20160122

Year of fee payment: 11

Ref country code: ES

Payment date: 20160122

Year of fee payment: 11

Ref country code: DE

Payment date: 20160126

Year of fee payment: 11

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Payment date: 20160121

Year of fee payment: 11

Ref country code: AT

Payment date: 20160120

Year of fee payment: 11

Ref country code: GB

Payment date: 20160122

Year of fee payment: 11

Ref country code: BE

Payment date: 20160121

Year of fee payment: 11

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: BE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20170131

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: R119

Ref document number: 502006006369

Country of ref document: DE

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: AT

Ref legal event code: MM01

Ref document number: 460545

Country of ref document: AT

Kind code of ref document: T

Effective date: 20170119

GBPC Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee

Effective date: 20170119

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: FR

Ref legal event code: ST

Effective date: 20170929

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20170131

Ref country code: AT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20170119

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20170801

Ref country code: GB

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20170119

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: BE

Ref legal event code: MM

Effective date: 20170131

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: IT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20170119

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: ES

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20170120

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: ES

Ref legal event code: FD2A

Effective date: 20181116