EP1678081A1

EP1678081A1 - Method and device for treating and recycling waste water

Info

Publication number: EP1678081A1
Application number: EP04739909A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Ulrich Braun
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2003-06-15
Filing date: 2004-06-15
Publication date: 2006-07-12
Also published as: WO2004110935A1; US20070215551A1

Abstract

The invention relates to a method and a device for separating inorganic salts from lavatory waste water that is processed during recycling, in addition to decolourising said water. The invention also relates to a treatment method without a biological step, the lavatory waste water in said step also being processed during recycling to save water and reduce the quantity used, preferably in mobile units. The inventive method and device also relate to the extraction of nutrient salts from lavatory and/or urinal waste water, said method comprising the steps: ureolysis, ammonium elimination and the recycling of the lavatory waste water for flushing the lavatory. Said steps are preferably carried out in separate devices.

Description

Method and device for the treatment and circulation of

Sewage Field of the Invention

The invention presented here relates to a method and a device for treating domestic waste water, preferably in mobile and / or stationary units. Description of the invention

1. Definitions

Brown water is defined here as separately collected and, if possible, unmixed with other wastewater, mainly faecal contaminated wastewater from all types of toilets without or with low urine content, and / or from faecal waste from urine separation toilets.

Yellow water is defined as separately collected and, if possible, unmixed with other wastewater, mainly urine-contaminated wastewater from all types of urinals and / or the urine-contaminated outlet of the urine separation toilets with or without water.

Black water is defined here as separately collected and, if possible, unmixed with other wastewater, mainly urine and faecal polluted domestic wastewater and / or other similarly composed wastewater from agriculture (e.g. pig manure) and / or other sources. For this registration, black water is the generic term for mainly urine and faecal contaminated wastewater. Black water can be recorded and derived in a separate pipeline network. However, the black water can also be recorded in gushes in a common derivation for gray and black water and treated separately. Greywater is defined here as separately collected and not, or almost not urine and / or faecal polluted domestic wastewater and / or other similarly composed wastewater from laundries and / or other sources that can be recorded with one or more separate drainage networks. It can be divided into several gray water sub-streams according to their origin and / or composition. The gray water can be composed of all conceivable combinations of all conceivable numbers of domestic and similar wastewater sources, but must not contain the main, separately derived proportion of black water, whereby a faecal mixture mixed with the gray water or one or more sub-streams of the gray water or caused by the water use and / or yellow water content does not change this definition.

Oxidation reactor is defined as a container with liquid, into which at least one oxidant is introduced and this enters and / or triggers chemical connections with other elements and substances in the container. All physical, chemical and / or biological known to those skilled in the art can be found here Oxidation reactors are meant, such as ozonization, UV oxidation, activated sludge tanks, etc.

Toilet flushing water is defined here as water that is used to flush toilets and / or urinals. Filtration includes all filtration and / or membrane processes that can be used in wastewater treatment and drinking water treatment. This includes all filtration processes known to the person skilled in the art, e.g. Filter presses, rotting containers, nano-, ultra-, microfiltration, reverse osmosis, etc., as e.g. in the ATV volumes, Ullmann's encyclopedia and other specialist literature as well as specialist journals, e.g. Correspondence sewage, water science & technology, etc. or found and described on the Internet, and / or available on the market. Process-supporting additives can also be added.

Solid ~ / liquid separation includes all suitable separation methods of liquid and solid substances that can be used in wastewater treatment and drinking water treatment. This includes all solid / liquid separation processes known to those skilled in the art, such as Adsorption, filtration (see above under filtration), precipitation, centrifugation, sedimentation, membrane processes, etc., as described e.g. in the ATV volumes, Ullmann's encyclopedia and other specialist literature as well as specialist journals, e.g. Correspondence sewage, water science & technology, etc. or found and described on the Internet, and / or available on the market. Process-supporting additives can also be added.

Aeration processes include all processes in which microorganisms can move freely in the liquid to be treated, e.g. Activated sludge process, membrane activation, SBR plants, etc. This includes all processes known to the person skilled in the art, such as those e.g. in the ATV volumes, Ullmann's encyclopedia and other specialist literature as well as specialist journals, e.g. Correspondence sewage, water science & technology, etc. or found and described on the Internet, and / or available on the market. Process-supporting additives can also be added.

Membranes include membranes made from all suitable materials available on the market, e.g. Ceramic, with pores of all pore sizes, e.g. reverse osmosis, nano, ultra, microfiltration membranes, etc. This includes all membranes known to the person skilled in the art, such as those e.g. in the ATV volumes, Ullmann's encyclopedia and other specialist literature as well as specialist journals, e.g. Correspondence sewage, water science & technology, etc. or found and described on the Internet, and / or available on the market.

Biological oxidation is the generic term for oxidative fixed bed and / or revitalization processes and also other near-natural processes such as plant water treatment plants, oxidation ponds, etc. This includes all biological oxidation processes known to the person skilled in the art, such as e.g. in the ATV volumes, Ullmann's encyclopedia and other specialist literature as well as specialist journals, e.g. Correspondence sewage, water science & technology, etc. or found and described on the Internet, and / or available on the market. Process-supporting additives can also be added.

Ureolysis is defined here as hydrolytic cleavage of urea to CO ₂ and ammonia and / or ammonium, which is preferably enzymatic and special is preferably catalyzed by the exoenzyme urease. This can be done in an aerobic to strictly anaerobic environment. In a particularly preferred embodiment of ureolysis, the ureolytic microorganisms (for example Proteus vulgaris) are immobilized on a carrier material. Desalination includes all desalination processes that lead to the removal of mono- and / or bivalent or multivalent cations and / or anions from black and / or brown and / or yellow and / or gray water. The term desalination can also include the above oleolysis because for some desalination processes (for example MAP precipitation) an upstream release of inorganic ions from organic molecules is necessary. A wide variety of precipitation processes, such as MAP precipitation, etc., and strip processes, such as NH ₃ stripping, etc., drying processes, such as MSF, etc., but also filtration processes, such as nanofiltration, reverse osmosis, etc., can be meant here. This also includes all technical desalination processes known to those skilled in the art, such as those found in the ATV volumes, Ullmann's encyclopedia and other specialist literature, as well as specialist journals such as waste water correspondence, water science and technology, etc. or on the Internet, and / or are available on the market. Process-supporting additives can also be added.

Alternatively, desalination can also include complexation of anions and / or cations.

Inorganic salts include all salts of mono- and / or polyvalent anions and mono- and / or polyvalent cations which concentrate in the toilet flushing water circuit and which tend to precipitate out due to their concentration, such as magnesium ammonium phosphate (MAP), sulfate, carbonate and Phosphate salts with preferably divalent metal ions, such as magnesium, kalzuim, etc. This includes all of the individual or more inorganic salts known to the person skilled in the art, preferably from human excretions, such as, for example in the ATV volumes, Ullmann's encyclopedia and other specialist literature as well as specialist journals such as Correspondence sewage, water science & technology, etc. or can be found and described on the Internet.

Nutrient salts include all salts of the inorganic salts from mono- and / or polyvalent anions and mono- and / or polyvalent cations, which are concentrated in the toilet flushing water circuit, such as saltpetre, magnesium phosphate, etc., and which tend to precipitate out due to their concentration, and that after a possible further treatment in agriculture for fertilizing purposes can be applied to increase yield. This includes all individual or more nutrient salts known to the person skilled in the art, preferably from human excretions, such as those e.g. in the ATV volumes, Ullmann's encyclopedia and other specialist literature as well as specialist journals such as Correspondence sewage, water science & technology, etc. described or can be found on the Internet, as well as specialist literature and journals of agriculture.

Incrustation prevention includes all methods that prevent an uncontrolled precipitation of inorganic salts at undesirable locations along the entire hydraulic path of the brown and / or black water circuit, i.e. in the treatment system and / or the risers, and / or the flushing water storage, and / or the toilet flushing water supply lines, and / or the cisterns of the toilets, and / or the toilets themselves, and / or the brown or black water drainage. Here, on the one hand, methods for increasing the Solubility is meant, such as the complex formation of divalent ions with aminophosphonic acid, and / or pH regulation, and / or other chemical and / or physical processes that increase the solubility of cations and / or cations, and / or, on the other hand, processes for the targeted removal of the inorganic salts and / or nutrient salts at desired locations to reduce the ion concentrations in the toilet flushing water, such as precipitates and / or ion exchangers, and / or sacrificial anodes and / or sacrificial cathodes, etc. This includes all methods known to the person skilled in the art for preventing the precipitation inorganic salts in undesirable places, such as those found in the ATV volumes, Ullmann's encyclopedia and other specialist literature as well as specialist journals such as correspondence sewage, water science & technology, etc., or on the Internet.

2. Description of the problem

In the patent application PCT / EP98 / 03316 a circulation of black or brown water is described. The biological treatment causes inorganic ions to be released from organic molecules such as metal ions, phosphates and reduced nitrogen and sulfur ions, and the biological oxidation oxidizes the latter two to nitrite, nitrate and sulphate ions. In theory, the circulatory system ultimately achieves an approximately the same concentration profile as that found in human urine.

This can lead to precipitation of inorganic salts in the entire hydraulic path of the circuit, from the treatment plant, via the risers, the rinsing water storage, the toilet rinsing water supply lines, the cisterns of the toilets, the toilets themselves, and the brown or black water drainage, which affect the whole Impede the process and / or ultimately bring it to a standstill.

In particular, precipitation can occur on the way from the toilet to the oxidation cycle, as here, in some cases, high pH values result from the release of ammonium. The precipitates mainly affect the divalent salts, such as MgPO ₄ , etc. MAP often also leads to undesirable incrustations. In order to achieve a targeted precipitation of divalent cations (Mg) as MAP, or a targeted nitrogen removal (eg stripping), nitrogen, which occurs in urine as urea- [N], must first be released from urea.

In decentralized wastewater treatment, toilet wastewater accumulates freshly, ie there are no long transport routes through sewers. Biological processes take place in these sewers, including urea splitting by the enzyme urease, which hydrolytically converts urea to CO ₂ and ammonium. This is also noticeable to people through the ammonia-rich vapors from manhole covers. The method and the device presented here relate to the desalination of toilet and / or urinal waste water, where the desalination can include the extraction of nutrients, and the method comprises the steps of urea splitting, ammonium removal and reuse of the toilet flushing water for flushing the toilet, and the steps be carried out in preferably separate devices. In decentralized wastewater treatment, the following similar process steps have often become established as can be found in central wastewater treatment:

1. Coarse material removal (rakes, sieves, etc.) 2. Primary sludge separation (three-chamber pit, Dortmund basin, etc.)

3. Biological oxidation (fixed bed, activated sludge process, etc.)

4. Secondary sludge separation (round pools, filtrations, etc.)

A targeted MAP precipitation is not possible with these process steps. If, as written for the present invention, the nutrients are to be precipitated as MAP, the NH ₂ contained in the urea must first be reduced to NH ₄ ⁺ and released by ureolysis (urea splitting). According to the invention, the process step of biological oxidation is divided into the following two steps:

1. Ureolysis 2. Biological oxidation

As an intermediate step, the ammonium released by the ureolysis can then be precipitated as MAP. All other processes for removing ammonium (e.g. stripping, adsorption with clinoptilolite, or other zeolites or materials, etc.) are also possible and can be used here. The described disadvantages of the prior art are eliminated with the method according to the invention and its exemplary and / or preferred embodiment.

Another problem arises when recycling toilet flushing water in mobile systems. Due to the long retention time in the biological oxidation reactors, here

• large volumes are transported, and

• Biology's difficulties in adapting to shock loads are taken into account

Airplanes have to take several cubic meters of water with them on long distances and dispose of them at the destination airport. This amount can be significantly reduced with the method presented here.

The problems described are solved with the method according to the invention and the device according to the invention.

3. State of the art The state of the art in urban water engineering is the linear drinking water extraction, use, and then the discharge of sewage into sewers. It is also state of the art that wastewater is processed in the settlement and then disposed of. In this linear processing, the ion concentrations are so low that incrustations occur only rarely, and if so, only in the long term. However, the person skilled in the art is aware of the formation of incrustations in the dewatering of sewage sludge, in which concentration effects occur. The person skilled in the art is also aware that anaerobic biological treatment promotes the formation of incrustations, such as MAP, etc.

Also known are methods for the circular processing of toilet flushing water, as are described in the patents of Jordan, US 4,904,387, Eger, US 3,950,249 and Braun, PCT / EP98 / 03316.

In the Jordan and Eger patents, biological oxidation is preceded by anaerobic denitrification. In this treatment stage, due to the activity of the enzyme urease, which splits urea into CO ₂ and ammonium, due to the high concentrations of magnesium and phosphate and the pH increase in the black water cycle, massive precipitation of MAP can occur.

In the Braun patent, the risk of MAP precipitation is reduced because, on the one hand, a solid / liquid separation precedes the biological oxidation, and the release of ions into the circulating fluid is reduced by a breakdown of the organic substance, and on the other hand ammonium in the biological oxidation is oxidized to nitrate and ammonium is no longer available for MAP precipitation. The filing also sees a targeted MAP precipitation for linearly processed. Yellow water before.

But also in the Braun process as described in the patent, other inorganic salts can precipitate. In mobile facilities such as airplanes, trains, ships, etc., but also in temporarily stationary facilities, such as toilet containers for mass events, black water is generally recorded and stored using water-saving devices in order to dispose of it after the mobile or temporarily stationary phase. Large amounts of water have to be stored and transported. These disadvantages of the prior art are eliminated by the method and the devices according to the invention.

4. The method according to the invention

The method according to the invention comprises one or more methods for preventing incrustation by desalination as defined in chapter 1 of the description at various stages of the methods as described in the patents cited above and / or other methods for recycling toilet flushing water.

Before they can be removed, however, the inorganic ions must first be released from organic molecules. Since there are now urine separation toilets that drain the yellow water undiluted, the toilet flushing water can be reused with or without yellow water.

Therefore, in a (particularly preferred) embodiment, the method according to the invention comprises the following steps: a) separate detection of the partial flows black water or brown water and yellow water, and b) oleolysis of the partial flows black water or yellow water recorded separately in (a), the ureolytic bacteria being immobilized can, and c) using the ureolyzed phase from (c) for (ci) detection of black water or brown water in (a), or

(c.ii) other uses, and d) repeating steps (a) to (c) one or more times.

The term “(particularly preferred)” or “(preferred)” in brackets in connection with this invention means that the corresponding embodiment is both (particularly) preferred, or can be, and that it is an independent embodiment or can be.

In a further, (particularly preferred) embodiment, the method comprises the following steps:

(a) separate recording of the sub-streams of black water or brown water and yellow water, and

(b) desalination of at least one of the separately recorded partial streams from (a), where the desalination can be a MAP precipitation, and (c) use of the desalinated liquid phase from (c) for

(c.i) detection of black water or brown water in (a), or

(c.ii) other uses, and

(d) repeating steps (a) to (c) one or more times.

In a (particularly preferred) embodiment, the method further comprises the following steps:

(i) separate recording of the sub-streams of black water or brown water and yellow water, and

(ii) Ureolysis in the sub-streams black water or yellow water from (a), and (iii) desalination of the products from (b), the desalination being a MAP

Precipitation can be, and

(iv) Use of the liquid phase from (c) for

(c.i) detection of black water or brown water in (a), or

(c.ii) other uses, and (v) repeating steps (a) to (d) one or more times.

In a further (particularly preferred) embodiment of the process according to the invention, a solid / liquid separation is connected as an intermediate step between the process steps of the above (preferred) embodiments (a) and (b).

In a further (particularly preferred) embodiment of the method according to the invention, the method comprises the following steps: (i) separate recording of the sub-streams black water and / or brown water and yellow water, and

(ii) solid / liquid separation of the black water and / or brown water partial streams recorded separately in (i), and (iii) urea splitting in the yellow water partial streams from (i) and / or the liquid phase of black water from (ii), and

(iv) MAP precipitation in the products from (iii), and

(v) oxidation of the liquid phases from (iv), and

(vi) use of the liquid phase from (v) for (vi.a) detection of black water or brown water in (i), or

(vi.b) other uses, and

(vii) repeating steps (i) to (vi) one or more times.

In a (particularly preferred) embodiment, the method according to the invention comprises targeted incrustation prevention of the nutrient salts by targeted removal of the nutrient salts from the brown and / or black water liquid according to the definitions in chapter 1 of the description. In this way, the nutrient salts can be separated from the table salt (NaCl), and salting of the soil in the subsequent further treatment and / or application of the nutrient salts can be avoided.

In a further, (particularly preferred) embodiment, the method according to the invention comprises targeted incrustation prevention of the phosphate salts by targeted removal of the phosphate salts from the brown and / or black water liquid according to the definitions in chapter 1 of the description. In this way, the phosphate salts can be recorded in pure form and further exploitation of the limited phosphate deposits can be avoided.

In a further (particularly preferred) embodiment, the method according to the invention comprises targeted incrustation prevention of the nitrogen salts by targeted removal of the nitrogen salts from the brown and / or black water liquid according to the definitions in chapter 1 of the description. In this way, the nitrogen salts can be captured in pure form, and the energy-intensive production of ammonia from atmospheric nitrogen by the Haber-Bosch process can be replaced.

In a further (particularly preferred) embodiment, the method according to the invention comprises targeted incrustation prevention of the divalent ions magnesium and / or calcium by deliberately removing the divalent ions magnesium and / or calcium from the brown and / or black water liquid according to the definitions in chapter 1 of the Description. In this way, the divalent ions magnesium and / or calcium can be recorded in pure form and used for further use, and membranes can be protected against clogging by divalent salts.

In a further, (particularly preferred) embodiment, the method according to the invention comprises decentralized detection of the inorganic salts and / or nutrient salts according to the definitions in chapter 1 of the description preferably from individual or several buildings and / or their decentralized utilization according to the (particularly preferred) embodiments of the method according to the invention.

In a further (particularly preferred) embodiment, the method according to the invention comprises an incrustation prevention as defined in Chapter 1 of the description after the drain pipe of the toilets.

In a further (particularly preferred) embodiment, the method according to the invention comprises an incrustation prevention, as defined in chapter 1 of the description, in a partial stream of the black and / or brown water circuit branched off in and / or before a method for transporting liquids, the latter Partial flow after the incrustation prevention in and / or after the process for the transport of liquids can be reunited with the main flow of the black and / or brown water circuit, and / or a simultaneous, combined process step for incrustation prevention and for the transport of liquids.

In a further, (particularly preferred) embodiment, the method according to the invention comprises a method for incrustation prevention, as defined in Chapter 1 of the description, in a partial stream of the black and / or brown water circuit branched off in and / or before a method for solid liquid separation, wherein this partial flow can be re-combined with the main flow of the black and / or brown water cycle after the incrustation prevention in and / or after the solid / liquid separation process, and / or a simultaneous, combined process step for incrustation prevention and solid / liquid separation. In a further, (particularly preferred) embodiment, the method according to the invention comprises a method for incrustation prevention, as defined in Chapter 1 of the description, in a partial stream of the black and / or brown water circuit branched off in and / or before a method for biological oxidation, wherein this partial flow can be reunited after the incrustation prevention in and / or after the oxidation process with the main flow of the black and / or brown water cycle, and / or a simultaneous, combined process step for incrustation prevention and biological oxidation.

In a further, (particularly preferred) embodiment, the method according to the invention comprises a method for incrustation prevention, as defined in Chapter 1 of the description, in a partial stream of the black and / or brown water circuit branched off in and / or before a method for biological denitrification, wherein this partial stream can be re-cleaned after the incrustation prevention in and / or after the denitrification process with the main stream of the black and / or brown water circuit, and / or a simultaneous, combined process step for incrustation prevention and biological denitrification.

In a further, (particularly preferred) embodiment, the method according to the invention comprises a method for incrustation prevention, as defined in chapter 1 of the description, in an in and / or before Process for ozonization of branched partial stream of the black and / or brown water circuit, this partial stream after the incrustation prevention in and / or after the ozonization process being able to be re-combined with the main stream of the black and / or brown water circuit, and / or a simultaneous, combined process step for incrustation prevention and ozonization.

In a further, (particularly preferred) embodiment, the method according to the invention comprises a method for incrustation prevention, as defined in chapter 1 of the description, in a and / or before a method for adsorption, preferably by means of activated carbon, branched partial stream of the black and / or brown water cycle, this partial stream after the incrustation prevention in and / or according to the method for adsorption can be re-combined with the main stream of the black and / or brown water cycle, and / or a simultaneous, combined process step for incrustation prevention and adsorption.

In a further, (particularly preferred) embodiment, the method according to the invention comprises a method for incrustation prevention, as defined in chapter 1 of the description, in a partial stream of the black and / or brown water circuit which is branched off in and / or before a method for hydrolysis, the latter Partial stream after the incrustation prevention in and / or after the hydrolysis process can be re-combined with the main stream of the black and / or brown water cycle, and / or a simultaneous, combined process step for incrustation prevention and hydrolysis.

In a further, (particularly preferred) embodiment, the method according to the invention comprises a method for incrustation prevention, as defined in chapter 1 of the description, in a partial stream of the black and / or brown water circuit branched off in and / or before a method for methane fermentation, the latter Partial flow after the incrustation prevention in and / or after the methane fermentation process can be reunited with the main flow of the black and / or brown water cycle, and / or a simultaneous, combined process step for incrustation prevention and methane fermentation.

In a further, (particularly preferred) embodiment, the method according to the invention comprises a method for preventing incrustation, as defined in chapter 1 of the description, in a partial stream of the black water which is branched off in and / or before a method for hygienization, preferably by means of UV radiation. and / or brown water circuit, wherein this partial flow can be re-combined with the main flow of the black and / or brown water circuit after the incrustation prevention in and / or after the sanitation process, and / or a simultaneous, combined process step for incrustation prevention and sanitation.

In a further (particularly preferred) embodiment, the method according to the invention comprises the following steps:

(a) separate recording of the partial flows of gray water, or one or more partial flows thereof, and black water or brown water and

Yellow water, and (b) first desalination of the liquid phases from black water or brown water and / or the yellow water separately recorded in (a), and

(c) second desalting of the liquid phases obtained from (b), and (d) using the liquid phase from (c) to detect

Black water or brown water, and

(e) Repeating steps (a) to (d) one or more times.

In a further (particularly preferred) embodiment, the method according to the invention comprises the following steps: (i) separate detection of the partial flows of gray water, or one or more partial flows thereof, and black water or brown water and yellow water, and

(ii) desalination of the phases of black water, or brown water and / or the yellow water separately recorded in (i), and

(iii) oxidation of one of the low salt phases from black water and / or brown water obtained from (ii), and

(iv) using the liquid phase from (iii) for the detection of black water or brown water, and (v) repeating steps (i) to (iv) one or more times.

(I) separate registration of the sub-streams gray water, or one or more sub-streams thereof, and black water or brown water and yellow water, and

(II) oxidation of at least one of the phases from black water or brown water recorded separately in (I), and

(III) Solid / liquid separation of at least one of the products from (II) from separately recorded black water and / or brown water, and (IV) UV oxidation of the liquid phase from at least one of the products

(III) from separately recorded black water and / or brown water, and

(V) using the liquid phase from (IV) for the detection of black water or brown water, and

(VI) Repeat steps (I) to (V) one or more times.

(A) separate recording of the partial flows of gray water, or one or more partial flows thereof, and black water or brown water and yellow water, and (B) carbon removal of the gray water partial flows, or one or more partial flows thereof, separately recorded in (A), and

(C) membrane filtration of the liquid phases obtained from (B) from gray water, or one or more substreams thereof, and (D) desalination of at least one of the liquid phases obtained from (C)

Phases, and

(E) oxidation of at least one of the low salt phases obtained from (D), and

(F) using the liquid phase from (E) for the detection of gray water, or one or more partial streams thereof, and

(G) Repeat steps (A) to (F) one or more times.

In a further (particularly preferred) embodiment of the process according to the invention, the process steps after process steps (b), (ii) and (II) comprise membrane filtration of gray water, or one or more partial streams thereof, as an additional process step (bi), (iia) and (lla).

In a further (particularly preferred) embodiment of the method according to the invention, the method steps after method steps (B) comprise membrane filtration of gray water, or one or more partial streams thereof, as an additional method step (Ba).

In a further (particularly preferred) embodiment of the process according to the invention, process steps (b), (ii) (C) and (II) are ultra- or nanofiltration.

In a further (particularly preferred) embodiment of the process according to the invention, process steps (c) and (iii) are a MAP precipitation.

In a further (particularly preferred) embodiment of the process according to the invention, substances in solid or liquid form are metered in between process steps (c) and (b) and between (iii) and (ii).

In a further (particularly preferred) embodiment of the process according to the invention, the substances metered in comprise MgO and / or Mg (OH) ₂ and / or phosphorus compounds.

In a further (particularly preferred) embodiment of the process according to the invention, the metering is carried out with stoichiometric amounts, which depend on the concentrations of ammonium in the liquid to be treated. In a further (particularly preferred) embodiment of the process according to the invention, process step (d) and (iii) is reverse osmosis.

In a further (particularly preferred) embodiment of the process according to the invention, process steps (c) and (b) and (iii) and (ii) are carried out in one container or in two hydraulically non-separate containers.

In a further (particularly preferred) embodiment of the process according to the invention, the substances are metered in between process steps (c) and (b) according to the amount of ammonium which is necessary to achieve that pH in the oxidation of process step (d) -To allow lowering, which is caused by the conversion of ammonium to nitrate, which neutralizes the basic environment of the discharge from process step (c)

In a further (particularly preferred) embodiment of the process according to the invention, the pH is lowered in process step (iv) by adding anions.

In a further (particularly preferred) embodiment of the process according to the invention, the anions comprise nitrate.

In a further (particularly preferred) embodiment of the process according to the invention, process step (e) is activated carbon adsorption and / or ozonization and / or UV treatment.

In a further (particularly preferred) embodiment of the process according to the invention, process step (V) e is UVC treatment and / or ozonization.

In a further (particularly preferred) embodiment of the process according to the invention, process step (iii) is not a desalination but a complexation of the divalent ions by means of a complexing agent.

In a further (particularly preferred) embodiment of the process according to the invention, the complexing agent comprises aminophosphonic acid.

In a further (particularly preferred) embodiment of the process according to the invention, the complexing agent can be added at any point before step (v).

In a further (particularly preferred) embodiment, the method according to the invention comprises the following steps: (One) draining an aqueous liquid from a storage container, and

(Two) using the liquid to flush the toilet, which may include fecal and / or urine collection, and (three) treating the liquid, and

(Four) supplying the liquid to the storage container, and

(Five) UVC treatment of the liquid in the storage container, and

(Six) one or more repetitions of steps (one) to (five)

(First) draining an aqueous liquid from a storage container, and

(Second) treatment of the liquid, and

(Third) use of the toilet flushing fluid, which may include faecal and / or urine collection, and

(Fourth) treatment of the liquid, and

(Fifth) supplying the liquid to the storage container, and

(Sixth) raising the pH in the storage container, or in a container parallel to the storage container, and (seventh), or repeating steps (first) to (sixth) several times

5. The device according to the invention

The device according to the invention comprises one or more devices for incrustation prevention as defined in Chapter 1 of the description in, and / or before, and / or after the various devices of the methods as described in the above-cited patents and / or devices of others Process for recycling toilet flushing water.

In a (particularly preferred) embodiment, the device comprises the following devices: (A) A device for separate detection of the partial flows

Black water or brown water and yellow water, and

(B) a device for splitting urea in the sub-streams black water or yellow water from (A), and

(C) a device for MAP precipitation in the products from (B), and (D) use of the liquid phase from (C) for

(D.a) Detection of black water or brown water in (A), or

(Db) other uses, and In a further (particularly preferred) embodiment of the device according to the invention, the device comprises a device for repeating steps (A) to (D) one or more times. In a further (particularly preferred) embodiment of the device according to the invention, the device comprises the following devices:

(I) A device for the separate recording of the partial flows black water and / or brown water and yellow water, and

(II) a device for solid / liquid separation of the partial flows black water and / or brown water separately recorded in (I), and

(III) a device for splitting urea in the partial streams of yellow water from (I) and / or the liquid phase of black water from (II), and

(IV) a facility for MAP precipitation in the products from (III), and

(V) a device for oxidizing the liquid phases from (IV), and (VI) a device for using the liquid phase from (V) for

(Vl.a) detection of black water or brown water in (I), or

(VI. B) other uses, and

(VII) a device for repeating steps (I) to (VI) one or more times.

In a (particularly preferred) embodiment, the device according to the invention comprises a device for preventing incrustation, as defined in chapter 1 of the description, in a partial stream of the black and / or brown water circuit branched off in and / or in front of a device for transporting liquids, this Partial flow after the incrustation prevention in and / or after the device for the transport of liquids can be reunited with the main flow of the black and / or brown water circuit, and / or a combined device for the prevention of incrustation and for the transport of liquids. In a further (particularly preferred) embodiment, the device according to the invention comprises a device for preventing incrustation, as defined in chapter 1 of the description, in a partial stream of the black and / or brown water circuit branched off in and / or in front of a device for solid / liquid separation, this partial flow can be re-combined with the main flow of the black and / or brown water circuit after the incrustation prevention in and / or after the device for solid liquid separation, and / or a combined device for incrustation prevention and for solid / liquid separation.

In a further (particularly preferred) embodiment, the device according to the invention comprises a device for preventing incrustation, as defined in chapter 1 of the description, in a partial stream of the black and / or brown water circuit which is branched off in and / or before a device for biological oxidation, wherein this partial flow after the incrustation prevention in and / or after the device for biological oxidation with the main flow of the black and / or brown water cycle can be reunited, and / or a combined device for incrustation prevention and for biological oxidation.

In a further (particularly preferred) embodiment, the device according to the invention comprises a device for preventing incrustation, as defined in chapter 1 of the description, in a partial stream of the black and / or brown water circuit which is branched off in and / or before a device for denitrification, the latter Partial stream after the incrustation prevention in and / or after the device for denitrification can be reunited with the main stream of the black and / or brown water circuit, and / or a combined device for incrustation prevention and for denitrification.

In a further, (particularly preferred) embodiment, the device according to the invention comprises a device for preventing incrustation, as defined in Chapter 1 of the description, in a partial stream of the black and / or brown water circuit branched off in and / or in front of a device for ozonization, the latter Partial flow after the incrustation prevention in and / or after the device for ozonization can be reunited with the main stream of the black and / or brown water circuit, and / or a combined device for incrustation prevention and for ozonization.

In a further (particularly preferred) embodiment, the device according to the invention comprises a device for preventing incrustation, as defined in chapter 1 of the description, in a partial stream of the black and / or in front of a device for adsorption, preferably by means of activated carbon. or brown water circuit, this partial stream after the incrustation prevention in and / or after the device for adsorption can be re-combined with the main stream of the black and / or brown water circuit, and / or a combined device for incrustation prevention and for adsorption.

In a further, (particularly preferred) embodiment, the device according to the invention comprises a device for preventing incrustation, as defined in chapter 1 of the description, in a partial stream of the black branch which is branched off in and / or in front of a device for hygienization, preferably by means of UV radiation. and / or brown water circuit, this partial flow after the incrustation prevention in and / or after the device for hygienization can be reunited with the main stream of the black and / or brown water circuit, and / or a combined device for incrustation prevention and for hygienization.

In a further (particularly preferred) embodiment, the device according to the invention comprises a device for preventing incrustation, as defined in chapter 1 of the description, in a partial stream of the black and / or brown water circuit branched off in and / or in front of a device for hydrolysis, the latter Partial stream after the incrustation prevention in and / or after the device for hydrolysis can be re-combined with the main stream of the black and / or brown water circuit, and / or a combined device for incrustation prevention and for hydrolysis. In a further (particularly preferred) embodiment, the device according to the invention comprises a device for preventing incrustation, as defined in chapter 1 of the description, in a partial stream of the black and / or brown water circuit branched off in and / or in front of a device for methane fermentation, the latter Partial flow after the incrustation prevention in and / or after the facility for methane fermentation can be reunited with the main stream of the black and / or brown water cycle, and / or a combined facility for incrustation prevention and for methane fermentation. In a further (particularly preferred) embodiment, the device according to the invention comprises the following devices:

(a) a device for separate detection of the partial flows of gray water, or one or more partial flows thereof, and black water or brown water and yellow water, and (b) a device for solid / liquid separation of those recorded separately in (a)

Sub-streams of black water and / or brown water, and

(c) a device for the first desalination of the liquid phases obtained from (b) black water or brown water and / or the yellow water separately recorded in (a), and (d) a device for the second desalination of the liquid phases obtained from (c) , and

(e) a device for the oxidation of at least one of the low salt phases obtained from (d) from black water and / or brown water, and (f) a device for using the liquid phase from (e) for

Detection of black water or brown water, and

(g) a device for repeating steps (a) to (f) one or more times.

In a further (particularly preferred) embodiment, the device according to the invention comprises the following devices:

(i) a device for the separate detection of the partial flows of gray water, or one or more partial flows thereof, and black water or brown water and yellow water, and

(ii) a device for the solid / liquid separation of the partial flows black water and / or brown water recorded separately in (i), and

(iii) means for desalting the liquid phases of black water or brown water obtained from (ii) and / or the yellow water separately recorded in (i), and

(iv) a device for the oxidation of at least one of the low-salt phases obtained from (iii) from black water and / or

Braunwasser, and

(v) means for using the liquid phase from (iv) to detect black water or brown water, and (vi) a device for repeating steps (i) to (iv) one or more times.

In a further (particularly preferred) embodiment, the device according to the invention comprises the following devices: (I) a device for separate detection of the partial flows of gray water, or one or more partial flows thereof, and black water or brown water and yellow water, and

(II) a device for the solid liquid separation of the partial flows black water and / or brown water recorded separately in (I), and (III) a device for the oxidation of at least one of the liquid phases obtained from (II) black water or brown water, and

(IV) a device for solid / liquid separation of at least one of the products from (III) from separately recorded black water and / or brown water, and (V) a device for UV oxidation of the liquid phase from at least one of the products from (IV) separated detected black water and / or brown water, and

(VI) a device for using the liquid phase from (V) for the detection of black water or brown water, and (VII) a device for repeating the steps one or more times

(I) to (VI).

(A) a device for separate detection of the partial flows of gray water, or one or more partial flows thereof, and black water or

Brown water and yellow water, and

(B) a device for carbon removal of the partial flows of gray water, or one or more partial flows thereof, separately recorded in (A), and

(C) a device for membrane filtration of the liquid phases obtained from (B) from gray water, or one or more substreams thereof, and

(D) a device for desalting at least one of the liquid phases obtained from (C), and

(E) means for oxidizing at least one of the low salt phases obtained from (D), and

(F) a device for using the liquid phase from (E) for the detection of gray water, or one or more partial streams thereof, and

(G) a device for repeating steps (A) to (F) one or more times. In a further (particularly preferred) embodiment of the device according to the invention, the devices according to devices (b), (ii) and (II) comprise a device for membrane filtration of gray water, or one or more partial streams thereof as additional device (bi), ( iia) and (lla).

In a further (particularly preferred) embodiment of the device according to the invention, the devices after the device (B) comprise a device for cycle processing of the black water or brown water separately recorded in (A) with or without yellow water as an additional device (Ba).

In a further (particularly preferred) embodiment, the device according to the invention comprises a device for intermediate storage of black and / or brown water, which comprises the following devices:

(One) means for discharging an aqueous liquid from a storage container, and (two) means for using the liquid for

Toilet flushing, which may include fecal and / or urine collection, and

(Three) a device for treating the liquid, and

(Four) a device for supplying the liquid to the storage container, and

(Five) a device for UVC treatment of the liquid in the

Storage containers, and

(Six) a device for repeating steps (one) to (five) one or more times

(First) means for draining an aqueous liquid from a storage container, and (second) means for treating the liquid, and

(Third) means for using the toilet flushing fluid, which may include fecal and / or urine collection, and

(Fourth) a device for treating the liquid, and (fifth) a device for supplying the liquid to the

Storage containers, and

(Sixth) means for raising the pH in the storage container, or in a container parallel to the storage container, and (Seventh) a device for repeating steps (first) to (sixth) one or more times

The invention is further characterized by the following embodiments:

A method of treating and recycling wastewater that includes the following steps:

(a) separate registration of the sub-streams gray water, or one or more sub-streams thereof, and black water or brown water and yellow water, and

(b) solid / liquid separation of the partial flows black water and / or brown water recorded separately in (a), and

(c) first desalination of the liquid phases obtained from (b) black water or brown water and / or the yellow water separately recorded in (a), and

(d) second desalination of the liquid phases obtained from (c), and

(e) oxidation of at least one of the low salt phases from black water and / or brown water obtained from (d), and

(f) using the liquid phase from (e) to detect black water or brown water, and

(g) Repeating steps (a) to (f) one or more times.

(c) desalination of the liquid phases obtained from (b) black water or brown water and / or the yellow water separately recorded in (a), and

(d) oxidation of at least one of the low salt phases from black water and / or brown water obtained from (c), and (e) use of the liquid phase from (d) for the detection of black water or brown water, and

(f) Repeating steps (a) to (e) one or more times.

A method of treating and recycling wastewater that includes the following steps: (a) separate registration of the sub-streams gray water, or one or more sub-streams thereof, and black water or brown water and yellow water, and

(b) solid / liquid separation of the partial flows black water and / or brown water recorded separately in (a), and (c) oxidation of at least one of the liquid phases from black water or brown water obtained from (b), and

(d) solid / liquid separation of at least one of the products from (c) from separately recorded black water and / or brown water, and

(e) UV oxidation of the liquid phase of at least one of the products from (d) from separately recorded black water and / or brown water, and

(f) using the liquid phase from (e) to detect black water or brown water, and

(g) Repeating steps (a) to (f) one or more times.

(b) carbon removal of the gray water sub-streams, or one or more sub-streams thereof, separately recorded in (a), and

(c) membrane filtration of the liquid phases obtained from (b) from gray water, or one or more substreams thereof, and

(d) desalting at least one of the liquid phases obtained from (c), and (e) oxidizing at least one of the low salt salts obtained from (d)

Phases, and

(f) using the liquid phase from (e) to collect gray water, or one or more sub-streams thereof, and

(g) Repeating steps (a) to (f) one or more times.

A (preferred) process, wherein process step (b) described above is ultra or nanofiltration.

A (preferred) process, wherein process step (c) described above is a MAP precipitation.

A (preferred) method, wherein between the process steps (c) and (d) described above, substances are added in solid or liquid form.

A (preferred) method, wherein the metering described above comprises the substances MgO and / or Mg (OH) ₂ and / or phosphorus. A (preferred) method, the metering described above being carried out with stoichiometric amounts which depend on the concentrations of ammonium in the liquid to be treated.

A (preferred) process wherein the second desalination described in step (d) is reverse osmosis.

A (preferred) process, the process steps (c) and (d) described above being carried out in one container or in two hydraulically non-separate containers.

A (preferred) process, the addition of the substances described above being based on the amount of ammonium which is necessary in order to reduce the pH in the oxidation of process step (d) which is caused by the conversion of ammonium to nitrate, to enable, which neutralizes the basic environment of the discharge from process step (c).

A (preferred) process, the pH reduction described above in process step (d) being carried out by adding anions.

A (preferred) process wherein the anions described above comprise nitrate.

A (preferred) process, wherein process step (e) described above is activated carbon adsorption and / or ozonization and / or UV treatment.

A (preferred) process, wherein process step (e) described above is UVC treatment and / or ozonization.

A (preferred) process, wherein the desalination described in (c) is not desalination, but is a complexation of the divalent ions by means of a complexing agent.

A (preferred) method wherein the complexing agent described above comprises aminophosphonic acid.

A (preferred) method wherein the complexing agent described above can be added at any point before step (e).

(b) solid / liquid separation of the partial flows black water and / or brown water recorded separately in (a), and (bi) membrane filtration of the gray water separately recorded in (a), or one or more partial streams thereof, and

(c) first desalination of the liquid phases obtained from (b) from black water or brown water and / or the yellow water separately recorded in (a), and

(d) second desalination of the liquid phases obtained from (c), and

(f) using the liquid phase from (e) to detect black water or brown water, and

(g) Repeating steps (a) to (f) one or more times.

Yellow water, and

(bi) membrane filtration of the gray water separately recorded in (a), or one or more partial streams thereof, and

(d) oxidation of at least one of the low salt phases from black water and / or brown water obtained from (c), and

(e) using the liquid phase from (d) to detect black water or brown water, and

(f) Repeating steps (a) to (e) one or more times.

(c) oxidation of at least one of the liquid phases from black water or brown water obtained from (b), and (d) solid / liquid separation of at least one of the products from (c) from separately recorded black water and / or brown water, and (e) UV oxidation of the liquid phase of at least one of the products from (d) from separately recorded black water and / or brown water, and

(f) using the liquid phase from (e) for the detection of black water or brown water, and (g) repeating steps (a) to (f) one or more times.

(bi) cycle processing of the black water or brown water separately recorded in (a) with or without yellow water, and (c) membrane filtration of the liquid phases from gray water obtained from (b), or one or more partial streams thereof, and

(d) desalination of at least one of the liquid phases obtained from (c), and

(e) oxidation of at least one of the low salt phases obtained from (d), and

(g) Repeating steps (a) to (f) one or more times.

A method for the intermediate storage of black and / or brown water, which comprises the following steps:

(a) draining an aqueous liquid from a storage container, and

(b) Using the liquid to flush the toilet, which is the detection of

Feces and / or urine, and

(c) treating the liquid, and (d) supplying the liquid to the storage container, and

(e) UVC treatment of the liquid in the storage container, and

(f) repeating steps (a) to (e) one or more times

A method for intermediate storage of black and / or brown water that comprises the following steps: a) draining an aqueous liquid from a storage container, and b) treating the liquid, and c) using the liquid for flushing the toilet, which is the detection of Feces and / or urine, and d) treating the liquid, and e) supplying the liquid to the storage container, and f) raising the pH in the storage container, or in a container parallel to the storage container, and g) repeating steps (a) to a number of times (f)

An apparatus for treating and recycling wastewater, comprising the following:

(a) a device for the separate detection of the partial flows of gray water, or one or more partial flows thereof, and black water or brown water and yellow water, and

(b) a device for solid / liquid separation of the sub-streams black water and / or brown water separately recorded in (a), and

(bi) a device for membrane filtration of the gray water separately recorded in (a), or one or more partial streams thereof, and (c) a device for the first desalination of the liquid obtained from (b)

Phases from black water, or brown water and / or the yellow water recorded separately in (a), and

(d) a device for the second desalination of the liquid phases obtained from (c), and (e) a device for the oxidation of at least one of the low salt phases obtained from (d) from black water and / or brown water, and

(f) a device for using the liquid phase from (e) for detecting black water or brown water, and (g) a device for repeating the steps one or more times

(a) to (f).

An apparatus for treating and recycling wastewater, comprising the following:

Brown water and yellow water, and

(b) a device for the fixed liquid separation of the partial flows black water and / or brown water recorded separately in (a), and

(bi) a device for membrane filtration of the gray water separately recorded in (a), or one or more partial streams thereof, and

(c) a device for desalting the liquid phases from black water or brown water and / or the yellow water separately recorded in (a), and

(d) a device for the oxidation of at least one of the low-salt phases obtained from (c) from black water and / or

Braunwasser, and (e) a device for using the liquid phase from (d) for the detection of black water or brown water, and

(f) a device for repeating steps (a) to (e) one or more times. An apparatus for treating and recycling wastewater, comprising the following:

Sub-streams of black water and / or brown water, and

(c) a device for the oxidation of at least one of the liquid phases obtained from (b) from black water or brown water, and

(d) a device for solid / liquid separation of at least one of the products from (c) from separately recorded black water and / or brown water, and

(e) a device for UV oxidation of the liquid phase of at least one of the products from (d) from separately recorded black water and / or

Braunwasser, and

(f) a device for using the liquid phase from (e) for the detection of black water or brown water, and

(g) a device for repeating steps (a) to (f) one or more times.

An apparatus for treating and recycling wastewater, comprising the following:

(b) a device for carbon removal of the gray water partial flows, or one or more partial flows thereof, separately recorded in (a), and

(bi) a circuit processing device for the black water or brown water separately recorded in (a) with or without yellow water, and

(c) a device for membrane filtration of the liquid phases from gray water obtained from (b), or one or more partial streams thereof, and

(d) means for desalting at least one of the liquid phases obtained from (c), and (e) means for oxidizing at least one of the low salt phases obtained from (d), and (f) means for using the liquid phase from (e) to detect gray water, or one or more sub-streams thereof, and

(g) a device for repeating steps (a) to (f) one or more times.

An apparatus for treating and recycling wastewater, comprising the following:

(c) a device for the first desalination of the liquid phases from black water or brown water and / or the yellow water obtained separately in (a), and

(d) a device for the second desalination of the liquid phases obtained from (c), and

(e) a device for the oxidation of at least one of the low salt phases obtained from (d) from black water and / or brown water, and

(g) a device for repeating steps (a) to (f) one or more times.

An apparatus for treating and recycling wastewater, comprising the following:

(a) a device for separate detection of the partial flows of gray water, or one or more partial flows thereof, and black water or brown water and yellow water, and (b) a device for the separation of FesW liquid that separately recorded in (a)

Sub-streams of black water and / or brown water, and

(c) a device for desalting the liquid phases from black water or brown water and / or the yellow water obtained separately in (a) from (b), and (d) a device for oxidizing at least one of the low-salt salts obtained from (c) Phases from black water and / or brown water, and

(e) a device for using the liquid phase from (d) for the detection of black water or brown water, and (f) a device for repeating steps (a) to (e) one or more times. An apparatus for treating and recycling wastewater, comprising the following:

(c) a device for the oxidation of at least one of the liquid phases obtained from (b) from black water or brown water, and (d) a device for solid / liquid separation of at least one of the products from (c) from separately recorded black water and / or brown water , and

(e) a device for UV oxidation of the liquid phase of at least one of the products from (d) from separately recorded black water and / or brown water, and

(g) a device for repeating steps (a) to (f) one or more times.

An apparatus for treating and recycling wastewater, comprising the following:

(a) a device for separate detection of the partial flows of gray water, or one or more partial flows thereof, and black water or brown water and yellow water, and (b) a device for carbon removal of those detected separately in (a)

Sub-streams of gray water, or one or more sub-streams thereof, and

(d) means for desalting at least one of the liquid phases obtained from (c), and

(f) a device for using the liquid phase from (e) for the detection of gray water, or one or more substreams thereof, and (g) a device for repeating steps (a) to one or more times

(F).

A device for the intermediate storage of black and / or brown water, which comprises the following devices:

(a) means for discharging an aqueous liquid from a storage container, and (b) means for using the toilet flushing fluid, which may include fecal and / or urine collection, and

(c) a liquid treatment device, and

(d) a device for supplying the liquid to the storage container, and (e) a device for UVC treatment of the liquid in the

Storage containers, and

(f) a device for repeating steps (a) to (e) one or more times

(a) means for discharging an aqueous liquid from a storage container, and

(b) a liquid treatment device, and

(c) means for using the toilet flushing fluid, which may include fecal and / or urine collection, and

(d) a liquid treatment device, and

(e) means for supplying the liquid to the storage container, and

(f) a device for raising the pH in the storage container, or in a container parallel to the storage container, and (g) a device for repeating steps (a) to (f) one or more times

Furthermore, the invention relates in one embodiment to a method for extracting nutrients from waste water, which comprises the following steps:

(b) urea splitting in the sub-streams black water or yellow water from (a), and

(c) nitrogen removal from the products from (b), and

(d) using the liquid phase from (c) for (d.i) recording black water or brown water in (a), or

(d.ii) other uses, and the method is preferably characterized in that, after step (d), steps (a) to (d) are repeated one or more times. A method is further preferred, wherein the nitrogen removal is a MAP precipitation, a stripping or an adsorption. An alternative embodiment relates to a method for treating and recycling wastewater, which comprises the following steps:

(a) separate recording of the partial flows black water and / or brown water and yellow water, and (b) solid / liquid separation of the partial flows recorded separately in (a)

Black water and / or brown water, and

(c) urea splitting in the partial streams yellow water from (a) and / or the liquid phase of black water from (b), and

(d) MAP precipitation in the products from (c), and (e) oxidation of the liquid phases from (d), and

(f) Use of the liquid phase from (e) for

(f.i) detection of black water or brown water in (a), or (f.ii) other uses, and

(g) repeating steps (a) to (f) one or more times. The method is preferably characterized in that the MAP precipitation is stripping or adsorption.

Alternatively, the invention relates to a device for extracting nutrients from waste water, which comprises the following devices:

(a) a facility for the separate collection of the sub-streams of black water or brown water and yellow water, and

(c) a facility for MAP precipitation in the products from (b), and

(d) a device for using the liquid phase from (e) for (d.i) detection of black water or brown water in (a), or

(d.ii) other uses, and preferably the device is characterized in that the device comprises a device for repeating steps (a) to (d) one or more times. An alternative embodiment of the invention relates to a device for the treatment and circulation of waste water, which comprises the following devices:

(a) a facility for the separate collection of the sub-streams of black water and / or brown water and yellow water, and (b) a device for separating the liquid streams of the black water and / or brown water, which are recorded separately in (a), and

(c) a device for urea splitting in the partial streams yellow water from (a) and / or the liquid phase of black water from (b), and (d) a device for MAP precipitation in the products from (c), and

(e) means for oxidizing the liquid phases from (d), and

(f) a device for using the liquid phase from (e) for (d.iii) detection of black water or brown water in (a), or (d.iv) other uses, and (g) a device for single or repeating the steps several times

(a) to (f).

In particular, the invention is characterized by the following embodiments: A method for the treatment and circulation of waste water, which comprises the following steps:

(a) separate detection of the partial flows of gray water, or one or more partial flows thereof, and black water or brown water and yellow water, and (b) desalination of a part, or the total flow of at least one of the separately recorded partial flows from (a), and

(c) Use of the desalted liquid phase from (b)

(c.i) detection of black water or brown water and / or yellow water in (a), or (c.ii) other uses, and

(d) repeating steps (a) to (c) one or more times. Desalination in process step (b) preferably comprises oleolysis. In addition, desalination in process step (b) preferably comprises the following process steps: (b.a) ureolysis, and

(bb) removal of nutrient salts. A method is likewise preferred, the desalination in step (b) and the removal of the nutrient salts in step (bb) being a MAP precipitation. A method is further preferred, wherein after the desalination in step (b) the following process step is carried out:

(c) second desalination

The second desalination preferably comprises the monovalent inorganic salts.

A method is likewise preferred, the following step being carried out before step (b):

(a.i) Solid / liquid separation of the partial flows black water and / or brown water recorded separately in (a)

A method is likewise preferred, the following step being carried out after step (b): (b.i) oxidation of at least one of the low-salt phases obtained from (b) from black water and / or brown water.

A method is likewise preferred, the following step being carried out after step (b.i):

(b.ii) Solid / liquid separation of at least one of the products from (b.i) from separately recorded black water and / or brown water

A method is likewise preferred, the following step being carried out after step (b.ii):

(b.iii) UV oxidation of the liquid phase of at least one of the products from (b.ii) from separately recorded black water and / or brown water. A method is also preferred, wherein process step (b) is an ultra or

Is nanofiltration.

A method is likewise preferred, with one between (b.a) and (b.b)

Substances are added in solid or liquid form.

A method is also preferred, wherein the addition is the alkali KOH, and / or the substances, Mg (CH ₃ COO) ₂ and / or Mg (COO) ₂ and / or

Contains potassium phosphate compounds with and / or without hydrogen.

A method is also preferred, the metering using stoichiometric

Amounts are made, which depends on the concentrations of ammonium in the liquid to be treated. Also preferred is a method in which the metering in of the substances depends on the amount of ammonium that is necessary in order to oxidize the

Process step (b.i) that pH reduction, which is caused by the conversion of

Ammonium is caused to nitrate, which allows the basic environment of the

Discharge from process step (b) neutralized. A method is likewise preferred, the second desalination in step (c) being a reverse osmosis.

A method is likewise preferred, wherein process steps (b) and (c) are in one

Container, or is carried out in two hydraulically not separate containers. A method is likewise preferred, the method step (b.iii) being a

Activated carbon adsorption and / or ozonization and / or UV treatment.

A method is likewise preferred, wherein the desalination is a complexation of the divalent ions by means of a complexing agent.

A method is likewise preferred, the complexing agent comprising aminophosphonic acid.

A method is likewise preferred in which the complexing agent can be added at any point before step (b).

A method is likewise preferred, the method comprising the following method steps in parallel with one, several or all of the above method steps:

(ii) membrane filtration of the gray water separately recorded in (i), or one or more substreams thereof. A method is likewise preferred, the method comprising the following method steps in parallel with one, several or all of the above method steps:

(iii) Carbon removal of the gray water partial flows, or one or more partial flows thereof, recorded separately in (i), before or after (ii). The invention further comprises a method which optionally includes the following steps in addition to the method steps described above:

(a) draining an aqueous liquid from a storage container, and

(b) using the liquid to flush the toilet, which may include fecal and / or urine collection, and (c) treating the liquid, and

(d) supplying the liquid to the storage container, and

(e) UVC treatment of the liquid in the storage container, and

(f) repeating steps (a) to (e) one or more times

The invention further comprises a method, which may be in addition to the process steps described above includes the following steps:

(a) draining an aqueous liquid from a storage container, and

(b) treating the liquid, and

(c) using the toilet flushing fluid, which may include fecal and / or urine collection, and

(d) treating the liquid, and

(e) supplying the liquid to the storage container, and

(f) raising the pH in the storage container, or in a container parallel to the storage container, and (g) repeating steps (a) to (f) one or more times

An alternative embodiment of the invention relates to a device for the treatment and circulation of waste water, which comprises the following devices:

(a) a facility for the separate collection of the black water or brown water and yellow water sub - flows, and

(b) a device for the desalination of a part, or the total stream, of at least one of the separately recorded partial streams from (a), and

(c) a device for using the desalinated liquid phase from (b) for (c.i) detection of black water or brown water and / or

Yellow water in (a), or (c.ii) other uses, and

(d) a device for repeating steps (a) to (c) one or more times. According to the invention, a device is preferred, the device for

Desalination in (b) includes a device for ureolysis.

A device is further preferred, the device for desalination in (b) comprising the following devices:

(b.a) a device for ureolysis, and (b.b) a device for removing the nutrient salts.

A device is further preferred, the device for desalination in (b) and the device for removing the nutrient salts in (b.b), a device for

MAP precipitation is.

A device is further preferred which, after the device for desalination in (b) includes: (c) a second desalination facility

A device is further preferred, the device for the second desalination comprising the device for removing monovalent inorganic salts. A device which comprises the following device before device (b) is further preferred:

(a.i) a device for solid / liquid separation of the partial flows black water and / or brown water separately recorded in (a). A device is further preferred which, after the device (b), comprises the following device:

(b.i) a device for the oxidation of at least one of the low-salt phases obtained from (b) from black water and / or brown water. A device is further preferred which, after the device (b.i), comprises the following device:

(b.ii) a device for solid / liquid separation of at least one of the products from (b.i) from separately recorded black water and / or brown water. A device is further preferred which, after the device (b.ii), comprises the following device:

(b.iii) a device for UV oxidation of the liquid phase of at least one of the products from (b.ii) from separately detected black water and / or brown water. A device is further preferred, the device (b) being an ultra or nanofiltration ,

A device is further preferred, with a device for metering substances in solid or liquid form between devices (b.a) and (b.b).

A device is further preferred, the device for metering in comprising the alkali KOH, and / or the substances, Mg (CH3COO) ₂ and / or Mg (COO) ₂ and / or potassium phosphate compounds with and / or without hydrogen. A device is further preferred, the device for metering being controlled according to stoichiometric amounts, which depends on the concentrations of ammonium in the liquid to be treated. A device is further preferred, the device for metering in the substances being controlled according to the amount of ammonium that is necessary to reduce the pH in the oxidation of process step (bi) that is caused by the conversion of ammonium to nitrate. to enable, which neutralizes the basic environment of the discharge from process step (b).

A device is further preferred, the second device for desalination in step (c) being a reverse osmosis.

A device is further preferred, the devices (b) and (c) comprising a container or two hydraulically non-separate containers. A device is further preferred, the device (b.iii) being a device for activated carbon adsorption and / or ozonization and / or UV treatment. A device is further preferred, the device for desalination in (b) being a device for complexing the divalent ions by means of a complexing agent. A device is further preferred, the device for complexing comprising the complexing agent aminophosphonic acid.

A device is further preferred, wherein the complexing agent can be added at any point before device (b) with a device for metering. A device is further preferred, the device comprising the following devices in parallel with one, several or all of the above devices: (i) a device for separate detection of the partial flows of gray water, or one or more partial flows thereof, and black water or brown water and yellow water, and ( ii) a device for membrane filtration of the separately recorded in (i)

Greywater, or one or more sub-streams thereof. A device is further preferred, the device comprising the following devices in parallel with one, several or all of the above devices:

(iii) a device for carbon removal of the gray water partial streams recorded separately in (i), or one or more partial streams thereof, before or after (ii). A device is further preferred which comprises the following devices: (a) a device for discharging an aqueous liquid from a storage container, and (b) means for using the toilet flushing fluid, which may include fecal and / or urine collection, and

(c) a liquid treatment device, and

(d) means for supplying the liquid to the storage container, and

(e) a device for UVC treatment of the liquid in the storage container, and

(f) a device for repeating steps (a) to (e) one or more times. A device which comprises the following devices is further preferred:

(a) means for discharging an aqueous liquid from a storage container, and

(b) a liquid treatment device, and

(c) means for using the toilet flushing liquid, which includes the detection of faeces and / or urine, and

(d) a liquid treatment device, and

(e) means for supplying the liquid to the storage container, and

(f) means for raising the pH in the storage container, or in a container parallel to the storage container, and

(g) a device for repeating steps (a) to (f) one or more times

The method according to the invention will now be explained in particularly preferred embodiments on the basis of the exemplary illustrations.

Figure 1

Figure 1 shows the process for the recovery of nutrients from toilet wastewater. (1) shows the drainage of the toilet flushing water

(2) shows the supply line for ureolysis. The ureolysis reactor is preferably a

Fixed bed reactor in which the ureolytic bacteria can grow.

At the same time, the ureolysis reactor can particularly preferably be one

Have double function as a reservoir for the oxidation stage with membrane filtration. (3) shows the feed into the ureolysis reactor of urine from urinals, and / or from the urine outlet of urine separation toilets.

(4) shows the supply line to the MAP precipitation. The failed MAP separates preferably by sedimentation, and can then be removed. (5) shows the addition of substances. These can particularly preferably comprise KOH for raising the pH, but also Mg and PO4 salts in order to compensate for the stoichiometric excess weight of NH4 and thus to increase the MAP yield.

(6) shows the discharge of MAP from the MAP reactor. (7) shows the supply of the nutrient-poor liquid in the to the toilets for the detection of black and / or brown water.

Figure 2

Figure 2 shows the process for the recovery of nutrients from toilet wastewater, as well as the reuse of the toilet wastewater for flushing the toilet.

(1) shows the drainage of the toilet flushing water

(2) shows the supply line to the device for solid / liquid separation.

(3) shows the supply line for ureolysis. The ureolysis reactor is preferably a ventilated fixed bed reactor in which the ureolytic bacteria can grow. At the same time, the ureolysis reactor can particularly preferably have a double function as a storage container for the oxidation stage with membrane filtration.

(4) shows the supply line to the MAP precipitation. The failed MAP separates preferably by sedimentation, and can then be removed.

(5) shows the feed from the nutrient-poor liquid into the oxidation reactor.

(6) shows the return of the treated water to the toilet flush.

(7) shows the feed into the ureolysis reactor of urine from urinals, and / or from the urine outlet of urine separation toilets. (8) shows the discharge of solids from the solid / liquid separation.

(9) shows the addition of substances. These can particularly preferably comprise KOH for raising the pH, but also Mg and PO4 salts in order to compensate for the stoichiometric excess weight of NH4 and thus to increase the MAP yield. (10) shows the discharge of MAP from the MAP reactor.

(11) shows the supply of the treated water for other uses.

Figure 3 Figure 1 shows the black water cycle for mobile devices in a particularly preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention. (1) shows the drainage of the toilet flushing water. (2) shows the membrane filtration of the toilet flushing water with separation of the solids (11).

(3) shows the feed to the desalination device 1, in which the divalent salts and / or nutrient salts are removed with the salts (12) being separated off. Preferably in the case of a targeted MAP or struvite precipitation (7) shows the

Dosing from a base to raise the pH. A pH increase reduces the solubility of MAP and MAP crystallizes out. The metering (7) can also be carried out with the stoichiometric addition of magnesium and phosphate, since there is an excess of nitrogen from human excretions. Then the dosage preferably comprises MgO and / or Mg (OH) ₂ and / or phosphate.

(4) shows the supply line to the desalination device 2, preferably according to the reverse osmosis process, with separation of the saline concentrate (13). The monovalent salts are also removed here. Desalination and / or metering can also use a concentration for MAP precipitation, since the precipitation can also be achieved by concentration. In this case, process steps (3) and (4) take place in one step, stoichiometric metering being also possible here in order to increase the yield of MAP. (5) shows the feed line into an oxidation device with discharge of gases or in another form (14). The weakly polar, low molecular weight and easily degradable substances are first degraded in biological reactors. In this process, these substances have the option of passing through membrane filtration (ultrafiltration), MAP precipitation and desalination 2 (reverse osmosis), since no biological degradation is specifically intended here. Oxidation is therefore carried out here in order to remove these substances from the toilet flushing water. The oxidation is preferably carried out here by chemical and / or physical processes. However, these substances can also be removed by other methods and without oxidation, such as Adsorption (activated carbon) happen.

(6) shows the supply of the treated toilet flushing water for reuse as toilet flushing water. One or more methods, for example for hygienization (UV), can be interposed here.

(8) shows the process variant using urine separating toilets. Here, the preferably undiluted urine is separately separated from the toilet flushing water with faeces and discharged and fed to the desalination device, and treated according to the desalination device 2 (3) method step.

(9) shows the process step for brown water that in this case the oxidation device can also be fed directly after the membrane filtration. Figure 4

Figure 2 shows the separation of the salts for stationary units in a particularly preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention.

(1) shows the drainage of the black or brown water.

(2) shows the feed line for solid / liquid separation, preferably filtration, with separation of the solids (9). (3) shows the supply of the liquid to the desalination device. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the method according to the invention comprises a method for precipitating the nutrient salts as MAP. The unexpected advantages here are a significantly reduced ventilation and thus energy requirement of a subsequent oxidation step (4) if this is based on a biological oxidation. Another unexpected advantage over PCT / EP98 / 03316 is the fact that the nutrients are recorded as MAP, in which the nitrogen is present in reduced form as NH4 +. NH4 + has much better adsorption properties than NO3, and therefore leads less to nitrate leaching from the soil fertilized with it into the groundwater bodies.

(6) shows the addition of base with discharge of the salts (10). Here too, the pH can be raised using MgO and / or Mg (OH) 2 and or a stoichiometric one

P and Mg are added. The pH reduction stands in one

Interrelation with the downstream, preferably biological, oxidation device.

(4) shows the supply of the desalted liquid to an oxidation device with the discharge of gases (11). If there is no stoichiometric MAP precipitation, dissolved ammonium remains in the feed solution. In a biological oxidation device, the oxidation causes a conversion of NH4 + to NO3-, and thus a lowering of the pH. An aqueous solution with a pH of around 9 comes from the MAP precipitation. In a particularly preferred embodiment of the process according to the invention, the pH reduction of the oxidation device corresponds exactly to that which is required for neutralizing the basic solution from the MAP precipitation. For the control of the process, this means that only enough nitrogen is precipitated in the MAP precipitation that enough nitrogen remains in the liquid to neutralize the lowered pH.

If all of the nitrogen is removed from the black water or urine by stoichiometric metering through the MAP precipitation, there is no longer any nitrogen left in the oxidation device for lowering the pH. As a result, the discharge is also basic. This ultimately results in the toilet being rinsed with a basic liquid, which can cause an uncontrolled failure of MAP in the devices comprising the components toilet, downpipe and solid / liquid separation. These disadvantages are eliminated with the method according to the invention.

Figure 5

Another disadvantage of PCT / EP98 / 03316 is the unspecified chemical and / or physical treatment of the discharge from the oxidation device of the black or brown water treatment. This application teaches the use of UVC oxidation (around 185 nm) after oxidation to decolorize the rinse liquid. With UVC, the bile pigments can be permanently destroyed. FIG. 3 shows the embedding of UVC oxidation in the circulation process in a particularly preferred embodiment of the process according to the invention.

(1) shows the drainage of the black or brown water. (2) shows the feed line for solid / liquid separation, preferably filtration, with separation of the solids (8). (3) shows the supply of the liquid to the oxidation device with the discharge of the gases (9). This can be chemical (ozonization) or particularly preferably biological.

(4) shows the feed line of the oxidized liquid device for solid / liquid separation with discharge of solids (10). In a particularly preferred embodiment, it is membrane filtration.

(5) shows the feed of the liquid fraction from (4) into the UVC oxidation device. Here the bile pigments are broken up and oxidized by the hard and short-wave UV radiation. There is no recoloring, as can be observed with UV radiation at around 260 nm. Here, too, gases (11) can escape.

(6) shows the supply of the decolorized liquid for reuse as toilet flushing water.

(7) shows the process variant using urine separating toilets. Urine does not need to be subjected to a solid / liquid separation, but can be fed directly to the oxidation stage.

Figure 6

Another disadvantage of PCT / EP98 / 03316 is the biological oxidation of gray water. This method is unsuitable for use in mobile units because the retention time is long and therefore large volumes have to be transported. This application teaches the use of a chemical treatment of gray water which involves the removal of carbon.

(1) shows the drainage of the gray water.

(2) shows the feed line to the carbon removal device, which is preferably a precipitation.

(3) shows the supply of the liquid for membrane filtration with discharge of the solids (8). This is preferably nanofiltration, since the divalent ions can also be retained by means of nanofiltration.

(4) shows the supply of the oxidized liquid for reverse osmosis with the discharge of salts (10).

(5) shows the feed of the liquid fraction from (4) into an oxidation device with the discharge of gases (10). This is where the low molecular weight, weakly polar substances that have passed through the two membranes are oxidized. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the oxidation device is ozonization.

(6) shows the supply of the cleaned liquid for reuse as wash water.

Claims

EXPECTATIONS

1. A method of treating and recycling wastewater that includes the following steps:

(a) separate registration of the partial flows of gray water, or one or more partial flows thereof, and black water or brown water and yellow water, and

(b) desalination of a part, or the total flow of at least one of the separately recorded partial flows from (a), and

(c) Use of the desalted liquid phase from (b)

(c.i) detection of black water or brown water and / or

Yellow water in (a), or (c.ii) other uses, and

(d) repeating steps (a) to (c) one or more times.

2. The method according to claim 1), wherein the desalination in process step (b) comprises ureolysis.

3. The method according to claim 1) and 2), wherein the desalination in process step (b) comprises the following process steps:

(b.a) ureolysis, and

(b.b) Removal of nutrient salts.

4. The method according to claims 1) and 3), wherein the desalination in claim 1), step (b), and the removal of the nutrient salts in claim 3), step

(b) is a MAP precipitation.

5. Process according to claims 1) to 4), the following process step being carried out after the desalination in step (b):

(c) second desalination

6. The method according to claim 5), wherein the second desalination the monovalent includes inorganic salts.

7. The method according to claims 1) to 6), the following step being carried out before step (b):

(a.i) Fes liquid separation of the partial flows black water and / or brown water recorded separately in (a)

8. The method according to claims 1) to 7), the following step being carried out after step (b):

(b.i) oxidation of at least one of the low-salt phases obtained from (b) from black water and / or brown water.

9. The method according to claim 8), wherein after step (b.i) the following step is carried out:

(b.ii) Liquid separation of at least one of the products from (b.i) from separately recorded black water and / or brown water

10. The method according to claim 9), wherein after step (b.ii) the following step is carried out:

(b.iii) UV oxidation of the liquid phase of at least one of the products from (b.ii) from separately recorded black water and / or brown water

11. The method according to claim (1) to (10), wherein step (b) is an ultra or nanofiltration.

12. The method according to claim (3) to (11) wherein between (b.a) and (b.b) substances are added in solid or liquid form.

13. The method according to claim (12), wherein the metering comprises the alkali KOH, and / or the substances, Mg (CH ₃ COO) ₂ and / or Mg (COO) ₂ and / or potassium phosphate compounds with and / or without hydrogen. .

14. The method according to claim (13), wherein the metering is carried out with stoichiometric amounts which vary according to the concentrations of ammonium in the treating liquid aimed.

15. The method according to claim (12), wherein the metering of the substances depends on the amount of ammonium which is necessary to bring about the pH reduction in the oxidation of process step (bi) which is caused by the conversion of ammonium to nitrate , which neutralizes the basic environment of the discharge from process step (b).

16. The method according to any one of claims (5) to (15), wherein the second desalination in step (c) is a reverse osmosis.

17. The method according to any one of claims (1) to (16), wherein the process steps (b) and (c) is carried out in one container or in two hydraulically non-separate containers.

18. The method according to any one of claims (10) to (17), wherein the process step (b.iii) is an activated carbon adsorption and / or ozonization and / or UV treatment.

19. The method according to claim (1), wherein the desalination is a complexation of the divalent ions by means of a complexing agent.

20. The method of claim and (19), wherein the complexing agent comprises aminophosphonic acid.

21. The method of claim (19) and (20), wherein the complexing agent can be added at any point before step (b).

22. The method according to claim (1) to (21), the method comprising the following method steps in parallel with one, more or all of the above method steps:

(i) separate registration of the sub-streams gray water, or one or more sub-streams thereof, and black water or brown water and yellow water, and (ii) membrane filtration of the gray water separately recorded in (i), or one or more partial streams thereof.

23. The method according to claim (1) to (22), the method comprising the following method steps in parallel with one, more or all of the above method steps:

(iii) Carbon removal of the gray water partial flows, or one or more partial flows thereof, recorded separately in (i), before or after (ii).

24. The method according to any one of claims (10) to (17), comprising the following steps:

(a) draining an aqueous liquid from a storage container, and

(b) using the toilet flushing fluid, which may include faecal and / or urine collection, and

(c) treating the liquid, and

(d) supplying the liquid to the storage container, and

(e) UVC treatment of the liquid in the storage container, and

(f) repeating steps (a) to (e) one or more times

25. The method according to any one of claims (4) to (17), which comprises the following steps:

(a) draining an aqueous liquid from a storage container, and

(b) treating the liquid, and

(d) treating the liquid, and

(e) supplying the liquid to the storage container, and

(f) raising the pH in the storage container, or in a container parallel to the storage container, and

(g) repeating steps (a) to (f) one or more times

26. Apparatus for treating and recycling wastewater, comprising the following: (a) a facility for the separate collection of the sub-streams of black water or brown water and yellow water, and

(c) a device for using the desalted liquid phase from (b) for

(c.i) detection of black water or brown water and / or

Yellow water in (a), or (c.ii) other uses, and

(d) a device for repeating steps (a) to (c) one or more times.

27. The apparatus of claim 26), wherein the device for desalination in (b) comprises a device for ureolysis.

28. The apparatus of claim 26) and 27), wherein the device for desalination in (b) comprises the following devices:

(b.a) a device for ureolysis, and

(b.b) a facility for removing nutrient salts.

29. Device according to claims 26) and 28), wherein the device for desalination in claim 26) (b), and the device for removing the nutrient salts in claim 28) (b), is a device for MAP precipitation.

30. Device according to claims 26) to 29), which after the desalination device in (b) comprises the following device:

(c) a second desalination facility

31. The device according to claim 30), wherein the device for the second desalination comprises the device for removing monovalent inorganic salts.

32. Device according to claims 26) to 31), which comprises the following device before the device (b): (ai) a device for separating FesW liquid from the black water and / or brown water partial flows recorded separately in (a)

33. Device according to claims 26) to 32), which after the device (b) comprises the following device:

(b.i) a device for the oxidation of at least one of the low-salt phases obtained from (b) from black water and / or brown water.

34. Device according to claim 33), which after the device (b.i) comprises the following device:

(b.ii) a device for separating FesW liquid at least one of the products from (b.i) from separately recorded black water and / or brown water

35. Device according to claim 34), which after the device (b.ii) comprises the following device:

(b.iii) a device for UV oxidation of the liquid phase of at least one of the products from (b.ii) from separately recorded black water and / or brown water

36. Apparatus according to claim (26) to (35), wherein the device (b) is an ultra or nanofiltration.

37. Apparatus according to claim (26) to (36) wherein between the devices (b.a) and (b.b) is a device for metering substances in solid or liquid form.

38. Apparatus according to claim (37), wherein the device for metering in the alkali KOH, and / or the substances, Mg (CH ₃ COO) ₂ and / or Mg (COO) ₂ and / or potassium phosphate compounds with and / or without hydrogen includes.

39. Apparatus according to claim (38), wherein the device for metering in accordance Stoichiometric amounts is controlled, which depends on the concentrations of ammonium in the liquid to be treated.

40. Apparatus according to claim (38) and (39), wherein the device for metering the substances is controlled according to the amount of ammonium that is necessary to reduce the pH caused by the conversion in the oxidation of process step (bi) caused by ammonium to nitrate, which neutralizes the basic environment of the discharge from process step (b).

41. Device according to one of claims (30) to (40), wherein the second device for desalination in step (c) is a reverse osmosis.

42. Device according to one of claims (26) to (44), wherein the devices (b) and (c) comprise a container, or two hydraulically not separate containers.

43. Device according to one of claims (35) to (45), wherein the device (b.iii) is a device for activated carbon adsorption and / or ozonization and / or UV treatment.

44. Apparatus according to claim (26), wherein the device for desalination in (b) is a device for complexing the divalent ions by means of a complexing agent.

45. The apparatus of claim and (44), wherein the means for complexing comprises the complexing agent aminophosphonic acid.

46. Apparatus according to claim (44) and (45), wherein the complexing agent can be added at any point before device (b) with a metering device.

47. Device according to one of claims (26) to (46), the device following parallel to one, more or all of the above devices Facilities include:

(i) a device for the separate detection of the partial flows of gray water, or one or more partial flows thereof, and black water or

Brown water and yellow water, and (ii) a device for membrane filtration of the separately recorded in (i)

Greywater, or one or more sub-streams thereof.

48. Device according to one of claims (26) to (47), the device comprising in parallel to one, more or all of the above devices the following devices:

(iii) a device for carbon removal of the gray water partial streams recorded separately in (i), or one or more partial streams thereof, before or after (ii).

49. Device according to one of claims (35) to (48), which comprises the following devices:

(a) means for discharging an aqueous liquid from a storage container, and

(b) means for using the toilet flushing fluid, which may include fecal and / or urine collection, and

(c) a liquid treatment device, and

(d) means for supplying the liquid to the storage container, and

(e) a device for UVC treatment of the liquid in the storage container, and

(f) a device for repeating steps (a) to (e) one or more times

50. Device according to one of claims (28) to (49), which comprises the following devices:

(a) means for discharging an aqueous liquid from a storage container, and

(b) a liquid treatment device, and

(c) a facility for using the toilet flushing liquid, the includes the collection of faeces and / or urine, and

(d) a liquid treatment device, and

(e) means for supplying the liquid to the storage container, and

(g) a device for repeating steps (a) to (f) one or more times