EP1675706A1 - Machining system for cutting cylinder heads - Google Patents

Machining system for cutting cylinder heads

Info

Publication number
EP1675706A1
EP1675706A1 EP04764891A EP04764891A EP1675706A1 EP 1675706 A1 EP1675706 A1 EP 1675706A1 EP 04764891 A EP04764891 A EP 04764891A EP 04764891 A EP04764891 A EP 04764891A EP 1675706 A1 EP1675706 A1 EP 1675706A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
machining
tools
cylinder head
tool
cylinder heads
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP04764891A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Oliver Doerfel
Thomas Hornig
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Mercedes Benz Group AG
Original Assignee
DaimlerChrysler AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by DaimlerChrysler AG filed Critical DaimlerChrysler AG
Publication of EP1675706A1 publication Critical patent/EP1675706A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q41/00—Combinations or associations of metal-working machines not directed to a particular result according to classes B21, B23, or B24
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q37/00—Metal-working machines, or constructional combinations thereof, built-up from units designed so that at least some of the units can form parts of different machines or combinations; Units therefor in so far as the feature of interchangeability is important
    • B23Q37/007—Modular machining stations designed to be linked to each other
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
    • B23P23/00—Machines or arrangements of machines for performing specified combinations of different metal-working operations not covered by a single other subclass
    • B23P23/06—Metal-working plant comprising a number of associated machines or apparatus
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q39/00—Metal-working machines incorporating a plurality of sub-assemblies, each capable of performing a metal-working operation
    • B23Q39/04—Metal-working machines incorporating a plurality of sub-assemblies, each capable of performing a metal-working operation the sub-assemblies being arranged to operate simultaneously at different stations, e.g. with an annular work-table moved in steps
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q41/00—Combinations or associations of metal-working machines not directed to a particular result according to classes B21, B23, or B24
    • B23Q41/04—Features relating to relative arrangements of machines
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49995—Shaping one-piece blank by removing material
    • Y10T29/49996—Successive distinct removal operations

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a machining system for machining cylinder heads, in particular cylinder heads for cars.
  • transfer lines are conventionally used, which consist of several individual stations that are rigidly interlinked.
  • the cylinder head to be machined passes through these stations sequentially, with a different machining step being carried out on the cylinder head in each of the stations.
  • Such transfer lines are very inflexible due to the rigid succession of the individual stations.
  • machining centers To increase the flexibility of the cylinder head machining system, some (or all) of these stations can be replaced by flexible machining centers.
  • Each of these machining centers has one or more tool spindles as well as a tool changing system with which the spindles can be equipped with different tools.
  • the sequential use of these tools on the spindle of the machining center enables a large number of different machining operations to be carried out on the cylinder head. While the machining centers allow a high degree of flexibility, their use is associated with high proportions of unproductive idle times (due to the Tool change), which reduce the effectiveness of the manufacturing system.
  • the invention is based on the object of proposing a machining center for cylinder heads which on the one hand is very flexible and on the other hand enables a considerable reduction in machining times on cylinder heads.
  • At least some of the spindles are arranged in the working space of the machine tool in such a way that the tools attached to them are at the same time can engage on the cylinder head. Due to this multi-spindle machining, the main time when machining the cylinder heads can be greatly reduced.
  • the machine tools are expediently designed to be flexible, so that the tools and spindles can be arranged at different points and under different orientations within the machine. Then the machine tools for different machining stations have the same basic structure, but are equipped with different spindles and tools depending on the machining station. Maintenance is made considerably easier due to the uniform basic structure of the machines. Furthermore, a replacement machine can be quickly configured and replaced in the event of a machine failure. Finally, the machines can be easily and quickly reconfigured if another cylinder head type is to be machined.
  • the spindles that hold the tools can be slidably or pivotably mounted in the machine tool in order to be able to carry out several machining steps on the cylinder head with the same tool.
  • all the axes of movement are concentrated in the cylinder head to be machined in the machine tools.
  • the spindles or the tools are fixed and immovable in the machine tool; the relative movements that the cylinder head makes during the machining in relation to the tools of the machine tool take place with the aid of a multi-axis movable clamping device on which the cylinder head is mounted.
  • These machine tools are preferably used at all stations of the machining system. These stations differ in terms of the angular orientation in which the cylinder heads are processed, and are sequentially run through by the cylinder heads. Each station comprises one or more machine tools on which the cylinder heads are machined. All machine tools belonging to a given station are equipped the same. The machine tools of different stations differ in terms of their tooling, so that each of these machine tools only has the tools that are required for machining the cylinder heads in the respective clamping corresponding to this station.
  • the cylinder head is fed to the machine tools using a transport system.
  • the cylinder head - in accordance with the respective station - is received in a predetermined orientation on a clamping head and moved through the working area of the machine tool with the aid of a displacement unit.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic view of a processing system for cylinder heads according to the prior art.
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic view of a machining system for cylinder heads according to the invention.
  • Fig. 3 is a perspective view of a machine tool.
  • FIG. 1 shows a conventional machining system 101 for machining cylinder heads for cars.
  • the system 101 comprises six processing stations 102a to 102f which are sequentially run through in the course of the cylinder head machining. the.
  • the cylinder heads are processed in different angular orientations (OP20, OP40, ).
  • a cylinder head blank 3 is first fed to the processing station 102a at the beginning of the processing.
  • this machining station 102a with the aid of several machine tools 104a, 105a, 106a etc., different machining steps (milling operations, drilling operations etc.) are carried out on the cylinder head blank 3 in the orientation OP20.
  • the cylinder head blank 3 is sequentially fed to the machine tools 104a, 105a, 106a by means of a conveyor device 107a, each of which effects a different machining operation on the blank 3.
  • Each of the machine tools 104a, 105a, 106a, etc. is therefore fixed to a specific machining task (fixed cylinder head clamping, fixed machining tool).
  • the cylinder head blank 3 is fed to the next processing station 102b with the aid of a conveyor device (shown schematically as an arrow) 108.
  • This machining station 102b comprises four identically equipped flexible machining centers 109, in which the cylinder head blank 3 is subjected to machining in the orientation OP40.
  • Each of these flexible machining centers 109 is equipped such that the entire machining program corresponding to the orientation OP40 can be executed in it; these flexible machining centers 109 are thus arranged parallel to one another, so that the cylinder head blank 3 only passes through one of these flexible machining centers 109.
  • Each of the flexible machining centers 109 is equipped with a spindle and a tool magazine that contains all the tools required for machining the cylinder head in the OP40 orientation. In the course of the cylinder Head machining in the work cells 109, different tools are used, which are placed one after the other from the tool magazine of the work cell 109 onto the spindle of this work cell 109.
  • the cylinder head blank 3 is transported into the processing station 102c, in which it is processed with the aid of the flexible processing centers 109 'in the OP50 orientation.
  • These flexible machining centers 109 ' are also arranged parallel to one another, so that each cylinder head blank 3 passes through only one of these flexible machining centers 109'.
  • the machining centers 109 ' differ only in relation to the clamping of the cylinder head and the tools that are kept in the tool magazine.
  • the cylinder head blanks 3 are then fed to the processing station 102d, in which they are processed in an orientation OP60.
  • This machining station 102d is similar to station 102a in that it also comprises a number of machine tools 110, 111, 112, etc., which are sequentially run through; Each cylinder head 3 is thus fed in succession to all machine tools 110, 111, 112, etc. with the aid of a conveying device 113 and machined there with the aid of a specific tool.
  • This also applies analogously to the processing stations 102e and 102f, in which the cylinder head blanks 3 in the orientations OP90 or OP120 pass through several machine tools sequentially.
  • the machining of the cylinder head 3 is then ended.
  • the conventional processing system 101 is thus a hybrid system with rigid components (transfer lines 102a, 102d, 102e, 102f) and flexible components (work cells 109, 109 'in stations 102b and 102c).
  • a machining system 1 according to the invention for machining cylinder heads 3 is shown in FIG.
  • the cylinder head machining takes place in six machining stations 2a to 2f, each of these machining stations corresponding to a defined angular orientation (OP20, OP40, ...) of the cylinder head 3.
  • three machine tools 9 are provided for machining the cylinder head 3 in the orientation OP20, which are configured and equipped identically.
  • the cylinder head 3 to be machined is fed to one of these three machine tools 9, where it is available, and machined there.
  • FIG. 3 shows a perspective view of the machine tool 9.
  • the machine 9 comprises a clamping device 5, by means of which the cylinder head 3 is received in the orientation OP20.
  • the clamping device 5 is mounted on a displacement unit (not shown in FIG. 3), by means of which the cylinder head can be displaced in the working space 6 of the machine tool 9.
  • the machine tool 9 comprises a plurality of fixed spindles 7, in which tools 8 (drills, milling cutters, ...) are received. These tools 8 thus project from below, from above and laterally into the working space 6 of the machine tool 9.
  • the spindles 7 can be driven individually, but can also be coupled; some of them are arranged in the work space 6 of the machine tool 9 in such a way that several machining operations of the cylinder head 3 can be carried out simultaneously with the aid of the tools 8 guided on them. For example, after the cylinder head 3 has been displaced with the aid of the displacement unit, your 7 'has been positioned - with the help of the tools 8' held therein, several drilling operations can be carried out simultaneously on the cylinder head 3.
  • each spindle 7 bears in the machine tools 9, 7 'a fixed tool 8,8'. While large (unproductive) idle times result from the tool change in the machine tools 109, the machine tools 9 are almost free of idle times. A further time saving arises from the fact that several of the tools 8, 8 'can simultaneously engage the cylinder head 3.
  • the cylinder head 3 is moved with the aid of a conveyor system 4 into one of the machine tools 10 of the machining station 2b, where the cylinder head 3 is machined in the direction OP40.
  • the machine tools 10 correspond in terms of their basic structure to the machine tools 9, but they have a different set of spindles and tools which are arranged in the working space of the machine tool 10 in such a way that, with the aid of the tools held in these spindles, all machining steps of the orientation OP40 of the Cylinder head 3 can be performed.
  • the cylinder head 3 After the machining of the cylinder head 3 " in one of the machine tools 10 of the station 2b, the cylinder head 3 is brought into one of the machine tools 11 of the station 2c, in which it is machined in the orientation OP50. Machining takes place in station 2d (in one of the machines 12), station 2e (in one of the machines 13) and Station 2f (in machine 14).
  • station 2d in one of the machines 12
  • station 2e in one of the machines 13
  • Station 2f in machine 14
  • the basic construction of each of these machine types 11, 12, 13, 14 corresponds to that of machines 9 and 10 and has a set of spindles and tools which are firmly held in these spindles and are required for machining the cylinder head in the associated orientation.
  • the number of machine tools 9, 10, ... in the machining stations 2a to 2f corresponds to the machining times of the cylinder heads 3 in the associated orientation OP20, OP40, ...
  • the stations 2a and 2c there is an extensive machining program through the cylinder heads 3, more (namely three) machine tools 9, 11 are provided than in the remaining stations.
  • the throughput times of the cylinder heads 3 can be optimized by the machining system 1.
  • the machine tools 9, 10, ... are identical in terms of their basic structure, but differ in terms of their equipment, i.e. on the position and orientation of the spindles 7,7 'and the tools 8,8' held in the spindles 7,7 '.
  • This allows machine tools 9 in station 2a to be converted, for example, to machine tools 10 in station 2b by providing the machine tool 9 with other spindles and equipping these spindles with other tools.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Automatic Tool Replacement In Machine Tools (AREA)
  • Multi-Process Working Machines And Systems (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a machining system for cutting cylinder heads (3), comprising several machining stations in which the cylinder heads (3) that are to be machined are machined in different directions. Each machining station encompasses one or several identical machine tools (9). Each of said machine tools (9) is provided with several tool spindles (7, 7’), at least some of which are equipped in a fixed manner with a tool (8, 8’). The cylinder head (3) is displaced within the work space (6) and placed relative to the tools (8, 8’) with the aid of a displacement unit in such a way that said tools (8,8’ ) successively or simultaneously engage with the cylinder head (3). Such a machining system allows the nonproductive times to be substantially reduced during cutting of cylinder heads (3).

Description

Bearbeitungssystem zur spanenden Bearbeitung von Zylinderköpfen Machining system for machining cylinder heads
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Bearbeitungssystem zur spanenden Bearbeitung von Zylinderkδpfen, insbesondere von Zylinderköpfen für PKWs .The invention relates to a machining system for machining cylinder heads, in particular cylinder heads for cars.
Zur spanenden Bearbeitung von Zylinderköpfen werden herkδmm- licherweise Transferstraßen eingesetzt, die aus mehreren Einzelstationen bestehen, die starr miteinander verkettet sind. Der zu bearbeitende Zylinderkopf durchläuft diese Stationen sequentiell, wobei in jeder der Stationen ein anderer Bearbeitungsschritt am Zylinderkopf durchgeführt wird. Solche Transferstraßen sind aufgrund der starren Aufeinanderfolge der Einzelstationen sehr unflexibel.For the machining of cylinder heads, transfer lines are conventionally used, which consist of several individual stations that are rigidly interlinked. The cylinder head to be machined passes through these stations sequentially, with a different machining step being carried out on the cylinder head in each of the stations. Such transfer lines are very inflexible due to the rigid succession of the individual stations.
Um die Flexibilität des Zylinderkopf-Bearbeitungssystems zu erhöhen, können einige (oder alle) dieser Stationen durch flexible Bearbeitungszentren ersetzt werden. Jedes dieser Bearbeitungszentren verfügt über eine oder mehrere Werkzeugspindeln sowie über ein Werkzeugwechselsystem, mit Hilfe dessen die Spindeln mit unterschiedlichen Werkzeugen bestückt werden können. Durch den sequentiellen Einsatz dieser Werkzeuge an der Spindel des Bearbeitungszentrums kann eine große Zahl unterschiedlicher Bearbeitungsoperationen am Zylinderkopf durchgeführt werden. Während die Bearbeitungszentren eine hohe Flexibilität ermöglichen, ist ihr Einsatz verbunden mit hohen Anteilen unproduktiver Nebenzeiten (aufgrund der Werkzeugwechsel) , die die Effektivität des Fertigungssystems reduzieren.To increase the flexibility of the cylinder head machining system, some (or all) of these stations can be replaced by flexible machining centers. Each of these machining centers has one or more tool spindles as well as a tool changing system with which the spindles can be equipped with different tools. The sequential use of these tools on the spindle of the machining center enables a large number of different machining operations to be carried out on the cylinder head. While the machining centers allow a high degree of flexibility, their use is associated with high proportions of unproductive idle times (due to the Tool change), which reduce the effectiveness of the manufacturing system.
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Bearbeitungszentrum für Zylinderköpfe vorzuschlagen, das einerseits sehr flexibel ist, andererseits eine erhebliche Reduktion der Bearbeitungszeiten an Zylinderkδpfen ermöglicht.The invention is based on the object of proposing a machining center for cylinder heads which on the one hand is very flexible and on the other hand enables a considerable reduction in machining times on cylinder heads.
Die Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch die Merkmale des Anspruchs 1 gelöst .The object is achieved by the features of claim 1.
Danach werden die flexiblen Bearbeitungszentren des Zylinderkopf-Bearbeitungssystems ersetzt durch Werkzeugmaschinen, in deren Arbeitsraum sich eine Vielzahl angetriebener Spindeln befinden, die jeweils mit einem Werkzeug versehen sind. Im Unterschied zu den herkömmlichen BearbeitungsZentren findet während der Bearbeitung auf den Spindeln kein Werkzeugwechsel statt, sondern jedes der benötigten Werkzeuge befindet sich in einer festen Aufspannung auf einer individuellen, dem Werkzeug zugeordneten Werkzeugspindel .The flexible machining centers of the cylinder head machining system are then replaced by machine tools, in the work area of which there are a large number of driven spindles, each of which is provided with a tool. In contrast to the conventional machining centers, there is no tool change on the spindles during machining, but each of the required tools is in a fixed clamping on an individual tool spindle assigned to the tool.
Im Unterschied zum Stand der Technik der Zylinderkopfbearbei- tung in flexiblen Bearbeitungszentren, bei denen durch den Werkzeugwechsel an den Spindeln ein großer Anteil an unproduktiver Nebenzeit anfällt (in der Regel > 60% bei der Bearbeitung von Zylinderköpfen aus Aluminium) , fällt bei den in der Erfindung eingesetzten Werkzeugmaschinen keinerlei Werkzeugwechsel während der Bearbeitung an, da jedes Werkzeug seine eigene Spindel hat . Dadurch können die Nebenzeiten bei der Zylinderkopfbearbeitung erheblich reduziert werden.In contrast to the state of the art of cylinder head machining in flexible machining centers, in which a large proportion of unproductive idle time is incurred due to the tool change on the spindles (usually> 60% when machining cylinder heads made of aluminum), in the The machine tools used according to the invention do not require any tool changes during machining, since each tool has its own spindle. As a result, idle times in cylinder head machining can be reduced considerably.
Vorteilhafterweise sind zumindest einige der Spindeln in einer solchen Weise im Arbeitsraum der Werkzeugmaschine angeordnet, dass die auf ihnen befestigten Werkzeuge gleichzeitig an dem Zylinderkopf zum Eingriff kommen können. Durch diese mehrspindlige Bearbeitung kann die Hauptzeit bei der Bearbeitung der Zylinderköpfe stark reduziert werden.Advantageously, at least some of the spindles are arranged in the working space of the machine tool in such a way that the tools attached to them are at the same time can engage on the cylinder head. Due to this multi-spindle machining, the main time when machining the cylinder heads can be greatly reduced.
Zweckmäßigerweise sind die Werkzeugmaschinen flexibel gestaltet, so dass die Werkzeuge und Spindeln innerhalb der Maschine an verschiedenen Stellen und unter verschiedenen Ausrichtungen angeordnet sein können. Dann haben die Werkzeugmaschinen für unterschiedliche Bearbeitungsstationen denselben Grundaufbau, sind jedoch je nach Bearbeitungsstation mit unterschiedlichen Spindeln und Werkzeugen versehen. Aufgrund des einheitlichen Grundaufbaus der Maschinen wird die Wartung wesentlich vereinfacht. Weiterhin kann bei einem Maschinenausfall schnell eine Ersatzmaschine konfiguriert und eingewechselt werden. Schließlich können die Maschinen leicht und schnell umkonfiguriert werden, wenn ein anderer Zylinderkopftyp bearbeitet werden soll .The machine tools are expediently designed to be flexible, so that the tools and spindles can be arranged at different points and under different orientations within the machine. Then the machine tools for different machining stations have the same basic structure, but are equipped with different spindles and tools depending on the machining station. Maintenance is made considerably easier due to the uniform basic structure of the machines. Furthermore, a replacement machine can be quickly configured and replaced in the event of a machine failure. Finally, the machines can be easily and quickly reconfigured if another cylinder head type is to be machined.
Die Spindeln, die die Werkzeuge halten, können verschiebbar bzw. schwenkbar in der Werkzeugmaschine gelagert sein, um mit Hilfe ein und desselben Werkzeugs mehrere Bearbeitungsschritte am Zylinderkopf durchführen zu können. Vorteilhafterweise sind jedoch in den Werkzeugmaschinen alle Bewegungsachsen im zu bearbeitenden Zylinderkopf konzentriert. Das bedeutet, dass die Spindeln bzw. die Werkzeuge fest und unbeweglich in der Werkzeugmaschine fixiert sind; die Relativbewegungen, die der Zylinderkopf während der Bearbeitung gegenüber den Werkzeugen der Werkzeugmaschine vollführt, erfolgen mit Hilfe einer mehrachsig bewegbaren Spannvorrichtung, auf der der Zylinderkopf montiert ist.The spindles that hold the tools can be slidably or pivotably mounted in the machine tool in order to be able to carry out several machining steps on the cylinder head with the same tool. Advantageously, however, all the axes of movement are concentrated in the cylinder head to be machined in the machine tools. This means that the spindles or the tools are fixed and immovable in the machine tool; the relative movements that the cylinder head makes during the machining in relation to the tools of the machine tool take place with the aid of a multi-axis movable clamping device on which the cylinder head is mounted.
Vorzugsweise werden diese Werkzeugmaschinen an allen Stationen des Bearbeitungssystems eingesetzt. Diese Stationen unterscheiden sich in bezug auf die Winkelausrichtung, in der die Zylinderköpfe bearbeitet werden, und werden von den Zylinderköpfen sequentiell durchlaufen. Jede Station umfasst ein oder mehrere Werkzeugmaschinen, auf denen die Zylinderköpfe spanend bearbeitet werden. Alle Werkzeugmaschinen, die einer vorgegebenen Station angehören, sind gleich ausgestattet. Die Werkzeugmaschine unterschiedlicher Stationen unterscheiden sich in bezug auf ihre Werkzeugausstattung, so dass jedem dieser Werkzeugmaschine jeweils nur diejenigen Werkzeuge vorliegen, die zur Bearbeitung der Zylinderköpfe in der jeweiligen, dieser Station entsprechenden Aufspannung benötigt werden.These machine tools are preferably used at all stations of the machining system. These stations differ in terms of the angular orientation in which the cylinder heads are processed, and are sequentially run through by the cylinder heads. Each station comprises one or more machine tools on which the cylinder heads are machined. All machine tools belonging to a given station are equipped the same. The machine tools of different stations differ in terms of their tooling, so that each of these machine tools only has the tools that are required for machining the cylinder heads in the respective clamping corresponding to this station.
Der Zylinderkopf wird den Werkzeugmaschinen mit Hilfe eines Transportsystems zugeführt. In der Werkzeugmaschine wird der Zylinderkopf - der jeweiligen Station entsprechend - in einer vorgegebenen Ausrichtung auf einem Spannkopf aufgenommen und mit Hilfe einer Verschiebeeinheit durch den Arbeitsraum der Werkzeugmaschine bewegt .The cylinder head is fed to the machine tools using a transport system. In the machine tool, the cylinder head - in accordance with the respective station - is received in a predetermined orientation on a clamping head and moved through the working area of the machine tool with the aid of a displacement unit.
Im folgenden wird die Erfindung anhand eines in den Zeichnungen dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiels näher erläutert; dabei zeigen:The invention is explained in more detail below on the basis of an exemplary embodiment illustrated in the drawings; show:
Fig. 1 eine schematische Ansicht eines Bearbeitungssystems für Zylinderköpfe nach dem Stand der Technik;Figure 1 is a schematic view of a processing system for cylinder heads according to the prior art.
Fig. 2 eine schematische Ansicht eines Bearbeitungssystems für Zylinderköpfe gemäß der Erfindung;Fig. 2 is a schematic view of a machining system for cylinder heads according to the invention;
Fig. 3 eine perspektivische Ansicht einer Werkzeugmaschine.Fig. 3 is a perspective view of a machine tool.
Figur 1 zeigt ein herkömmliches Bearbeitungssystem 101 zur spanenden Bearbeitung von Zylinderköpfen für PKWs. Das System 101 umfasst sechs Bearbeitungsstationen 102a bis 102f, die im Zuge der Zylinderkopfbearbeitung sequentiell durchlaufen wer- den. In den unterschiedlichen Bearbeitungsstationen 102a bis 102f werden die Zylinderköpfe in unterschiedlichen Winkelausrichtungen (OP20, OP40, ...) bearbeitet. Ein Zylinderkopfroh- ling 3 wird zu Beginn der Bearbeitung zunächst der Bearbeitungsstation 102a zugeführt. In dieser Bearbeitungsstation 102a werden mit Hilfe mehrerer Werkzeugmaschinen 104a, 105a, 106a etc. unterschiedliche spanende Bearbeitungsschritte (Fräsoperationen, Bohroperationen etc.) am Zylinderkopfrohling 3 in der Ausrichtung OP20 durchgeführt. Der Zylinderkopfrohling 3 wird mit Hilfe einer Fördervorrichtung 107a sequentiell den Werkzeugmaschinen 104a, 105a, 106a, zugeführt, von denen jede eine unterschiedliche Bearbeitungsoperation an dem Rohling 3 bewirkt. Jede der Werkzeugmaschinen 104a, 105a, 106a, etc . ist somit auf eine spezifische Bearbeitungsaufgabe (feste Zylinderkopf-AufSpannung, festes Bearbeitungswerkzeug) festgelegt .FIG. 1 shows a conventional machining system 101 for machining cylinder heads for cars. The system 101 comprises six processing stations 102a to 102f which are sequentially run through in the course of the cylinder head machining. the. In the different processing stations 102a to 102f, the cylinder heads are processed in different angular orientations (OP20, OP40, ...). A cylinder head blank 3 is first fed to the processing station 102a at the beginning of the processing. In this machining station 102a, with the aid of several machine tools 104a, 105a, 106a etc., different machining steps (milling operations, drilling operations etc.) are carried out on the cylinder head blank 3 in the orientation OP20. The cylinder head blank 3 is sequentially fed to the machine tools 104a, 105a, 106a by means of a conveyor device 107a, each of which effects a different machining operation on the blank 3. Each of the machine tools 104a, 105a, 106a, etc. is therefore fixed to a specific machining task (fixed cylinder head clamping, fixed machining tool).
Nach Beendigung der Bearbeitungsschritte der Station 102a wird der Zylinderkopfrohling 3 mit Hilfe einer (schematisch als Pfeil dargestellten) Fördervorrichtung 108 der nächsten Bearbeitungsstation 102b zugeführt. Diese Bearbeitungsstation 102b umfasst vier identisch ausgerüstete flexible Bearbeitungszentren 109, in denen der Zylinderkopfrohling 3 einer spanenden Bearbeitung in der Ausrichtung OP40 unterzogen wird. Jede dieser flexiblen BearbeitungsZentren 109 ist so ausgerüstet, dass das gesamte der Ausrichtung OP40 entsprechende Bearbeitungsprogramm in ihr ausgeführt werden kann; diese flexiblen BearbeitungsZentren 109 sind also parallel zueinander angeordnet, so dass der Zylinderkopfrohling 3 jeweils nur eine dieser flexiblen BearbeitungsZentren 109 durchläuft. Jede der flexiblen BearbeitungsZentren 109 ist mit einer Spindel und einem Werkzeugmagazin ausgerüstet, das alle Werkzeuge enthält, die für die Zylinderkopfbearbeitung in Ausrichtung OP40 benötigt werden. Im Zuge der Zylinder- kopfbearbeitung in den Arbeitszellen 109 kommen unterschiedliche Werkzeuge zum Einsatz, die nacheinander vom Werkzeugmagazin der Arbeitszelle 109 auf die Spindel dieser Arbeitszelle 109 gesetzt werden.After the processing steps of the station 102a have been completed, the cylinder head blank 3 is fed to the next processing station 102b with the aid of a conveyor device (shown schematically as an arrow) 108. This machining station 102b comprises four identically equipped flexible machining centers 109, in which the cylinder head blank 3 is subjected to machining in the orientation OP40. Each of these flexible machining centers 109 is equipped such that the entire machining program corresponding to the orientation OP40 can be executed in it; these flexible machining centers 109 are thus arranged parallel to one another, so that the cylinder head blank 3 only passes through one of these flexible machining centers 109. Each of the flexible machining centers 109 is equipped with a spindle and a tool magazine that contains all the tools required for machining the cylinder head in the OP40 orientation. In the course of the cylinder Head machining in the work cells 109, different tools are used, which are placed one after the other from the tool magazine of the work cell 109 onto the spindle of this work cell 109.
Nach Beendigung der Bearbeitungsschritte der Station 102b wird der Zylinderkopfrohling 3 in die Bearbeitungsstation 102c transportiert, in der er mit Hilfe der flexiblen Bearbeitungszentren 109' in der Ausrichtung OP50 bearbeitet wird. Auch diese flexiblen BearbeitungsZentren 109' sind parallel zueinander angeordnet, so dass jeder Zylinderkopfrohling 3 nur eine dieser flexiblen BearbeitungsZentren 109' durchläuft. Gegenüber den flexiblen BearbeitungsZentren 109 der Bearbeitungsstation 102b unterscheiden sich die Bearbeitungszentren 109' nur in bezug auf die Aufspannung des Zylinderkopfes und die Werkzeuge, die im Werkzeugmagazin vorgehalten werden.After completion of the processing steps of the station 102b, the cylinder head blank 3 is transported into the processing station 102c, in which it is processed with the aid of the flexible processing centers 109 'in the OP50 orientation. These flexible machining centers 109 'are also arranged parallel to one another, so that each cylinder head blank 3 passes through only one of these flexible machining centers 109'. Compared to the flexible machining centers 109 of the machining station 102b, the machining centers 109 'differ only in relation to the clamping of the cylinder head and the tools that are kept in the tool magazine.
Anschließend werden die Zylinderkopfrohlinge 3 der Bearbeitungsstation 102d zugeführt, in der sie in einer Ausrichtung OP60 bearbeitet werden. Diese Bearbeitungsstation 102d ähnelt der Station 102a insofern, als auch sie mehrere Werkzeugmaschinen 110,111,112 etc. umfasst, die sequentiell durchlaufen werden; jeder Zylinderkopf 3 wird also mit Hilfe einer Fördervorrichtung 113 nacheinander allen Werkzeugmaschinen 110,111,112 etc. zugeführt und dort mit Hilfe eines bestimmten Werkzeugs bearbeitet. Dies gilt auch analog für die Bearbeitungsstationen 102e und 102f, in denen die Zylinderkopf- rohlinge 3 in den Ausrichtungen OP90 bzw. OP120 sequentiell mehrere Werkzeugmaschinen durchlaufen. Danach ist die spanende Bearbeitung des Zylinderkopfes 3 beendet.The cylinder head blanks 3 are then fed to the processing station 102d, in which they are processed in an orientation OP60. This machining station 102d is similar to station 102a in that it also comprises a number of machine tools 110, 111, 112, etc., which are sequentially run through; Each cylinder head 3 is thus fed in succession to all machine tools 110, 111, 112, etc. with the aid of a conveying device 113 and machined there with the aid of a specific tool. This also applies analogously to the processing stations 102e and 102f, in which the cylinder head blanks 3 in the orientations OP90 or OP120 pass through several machine tools sequentially. The machining of the cylinder head 3 is then ended.
Das herkömmliche Bearbeitungssystem 101 ist somit ein hybrides System mit starren Komponenten (Transferlinien 102a, 102d, 102e, 102f) und flexiblen Komponenten (Arbeitszellen 109,109' in Stationen 102b und 102c).The conventional processing system 101 is thus a hybrid system with rigid components (transfer lines 102a, 102d, 102e, 102f) and flexible components (work cells 109, 109 'in stations 102b and 102c).
Ein erfindungsgemäßes Bearbeitungssystem 1 zur spanenden Bearbeitung von Zylinderköpfen 3 ist in Figur 2 dargestellt. Auch hier erfolgt die Zylinderkopfbearbeitung in sechs Bearbeitungsstationen 2a bis 2f, wobei jede dieser Bearbeitungsstationen jeweils einer definierten Winkelausrichtung (OP20, OP40, ...) des Zylinderkopfs 3 entspricht. In der als erste zu durchlaufenden Bearbeitungsstation 2a sind zur spanenden Bearbeitung des Zylinderkopfs 3 in Ausrichtung OP20 drei Werkzeugmaschinen 9 vorgesehen, die identisch konfiguriert und ausgerüstet sind. Der zu bearbeitenden Zylinderkopf 3 wird - nach Verfügbarkeit - einer dieser drei Werkzeugmaschinen 9 zugeführt und dort bearbeitet .A machining system 1 according to the invention for machining cylinder heads 3 is shown in FIG. Here, too, the cylinder head machining takes place in six machining stations 2a to 2f, each of these machining stations corresponding to a defined angular orientation (OP20, OP40, ...) of the cylinder head 3. In the machining station 2a to be run as the first, three machine tools 9 are provided for machining the cylinder head 3 in the orientation OP20, which are configured and equipped identically. The cylinder head 3 to be machined is fed to one of these three machine tools 9, where it is available, and machined there.
Figur 3 zeigt eine perspektivische Ansicht der Werkzeugmaschine 9. Die Maschine 9 umfasst eine Spannvorrichtung 5, mit Hilfe derer der Zylinderkopf 3 in der Ausrichtung OP20 aufgenommen wird. Die Spannvorrichtung 5 ist auf einer (in Figur 3 nicht dargestellten) Verschiebeeinheit montiert, mit Hilfe derer der Zylinderkopf im Arbeitsraum 6 der Werkzeugmaschine 9 verschoben werden kann. Weiterhin umfasst die Werkzeugmaschine 9 eine Vielzahl von ortsfesten Spindeln 7, in denen Werkzeuge 8 (Bohrer, Fräser, ...) aufgenommen sind. Diese Werkzeuge 8 ragen somit von unten, von oben und seitlich in den Arbeitsraum 6 der Werkzeugmaschine 9 hinein. Die Spindeln 7 sind individuell antreibbar, können aber auch gekoppelt sein; einige von ihnen sind in einer solchen Weise im Arbeitsraum 6 der Werkzeugmaschine 9 angeordnet, dass mit Hilfe der auf ihnen geführten Werkzeuge 8 mehrere Bearbeitungsoperationen des Zylinderkopfs 3 simultan durchgeführt werden können. So können beispielsweise - nachdem der Zylinderkopf 3 mit Hilfe der Verschiebeeinheit hochgenau gegenüber den Spin- dein 7' positioniert worden ist - mit Hilfe der darin gehaltenen Werkzeuge 8' simultan mehrere Bohroperationen an dem Zylinderkopf 3 durchgeführt werden.FIG. 3 shows a perspective view of the machine tool 9. The machine 9 comprises a clamping device 5, by means of which the cylinder head 3 is received in the orientation OP20. The clamping device 5 is mounted on a displacement unit (not shown in FIG. 3), by means of which the cylinder head can be displaced in the working space 6 of the machine tool 9. Furthermore, the machine tool 9 comprises a plurality of fixed spindles 7, in which tools 8 (drills, milling cutters, ...) are received. These tools 8 thus project from below, from above and laterally into the working space 6 of the machine tool 9. The spindles 7 can be driven individually, but can also be coupled; some of them are arranged in the work space 6 of the machine tool 9 in such a way that several machining operations of the cylinder head 3 can be carried out simultaneously with the aid of the tools 8 guided on them. For example, after the cylinder head 3 has been displaced with the aid of the displacement unit, your 7 'has been positioned - with the help of the tools 8' held therein, several drilling operations can be carried out simultaneously on the cylinder head 3.
Im Unterschied zu den Werkzeugmaschinen 109 der Bearbeitungs- Stationen 102b und 102c des herkömmlichen Bearbeitungssystems 101, in denen die Spindeln zur Bearbeitung des Zylinderkopfs 3 nacheinander mit unterschiedlichen Werkzeugen bestückt werden, die sie aus dem Werkzeugmagazin entnehmen, trägt in den Werkzeugmaschinen 9 jede Spindel 7,7' ein festes Werkzeug 8,8'. Während in den Werkzeugmaschinen 109 durch den Werkzeugwechsel große (unproduktive) Nebenzeiten entstehen, sind die Werkzeugmaschinen 9 nahezu nebenzeitfrei . Eine weitere Zeitersparnis kommt dadurch zustande, dass mehrere der Werkzeuge 8,8' simultan zum Eingriff mit dem Zylinderkopf 3 kommen können.In contrast to the machine tools 109 of the machining stations 102b and 102c of the conventional machining system 101, in which the spindles for machining the cylinder head 3 are successively equipped with different tools that they take from the tool magazine, each spindle 7 bears in the machine tools 9, 7 'a fixed tool 8,8'. While large (unproductive) idle times result from the tool change in the machine tools 109, the machine tools 9 are almost free of idle times. A further time saving arises from the fact that several of the tools 8, 8 'can simultaneously engage the cylinder head 3.
Ist die Bearbeitung des Zylinderköpfes 3 in einer der Werkzeugmaschinen 9 der Station 2a abgeschlossen, so wird der Zylinderkopf 3 mit Hilfe eines Fördersystems 4 in eine der Werkzeugmaschinen 10 der Bearbeitungsstation 2b verbracht, wo der Zylinderkopf 3 in Ausrichtung OP40 bearbeitet wird. Die Werkzeugmaschinen 10 entsprechen in bezug auf ihren Grundaufbau den Werkzeugmaschinen 9, allerdings verfügen sie über einen anderen Satz von Spindeln und Werkzeugen, die so im Arbeitsraum der Werkzeugmaschine 10 angeordnet sind, dass mit Hilfe der in diesen Spindeln gehaltenen Werkzeuge alle Bearbeitungsschritte der Ausrichtung OP40 des Zylinderkopfs 3 durchgeführt werden können. Nach der Bearbeitung des Zylinderkopfes 3 " in einer der Werkzeugmaschinen 10 der Station 2b wird der Zylinderkopf 3 in eine der Werkzeugmaschinen 11 der Station 2c verbracht, in der er in der Ausrichtung OP50 bearbeitet wird. Es folgen Bearbeitungen in Station 2d (in einer der Maschinen 12) , Station 2e (in einer der Maschinen 13) und Station 2f (in Maschine 14) . Jeder dieser Maschinentypen 11,12,13,14 entspricht bezüglich seines Grundaufbaus den Maschinen 9 und 10 und verfügt über einen Satz von Spindeln und von fest in diesen Spindeln gehaltenen Werkzeugen, die für die Bearbeitung des Zylinderkopfs in der zugehörigen Ausrichtung benötigt werden.If the machining of the cylinder head 3 in one of the machine tools 9 of the station 2a has been completed, the cylinder head 3 is moved with the aid of a conveyor system 4 into one of the machine tools 10 of the machining station 2b, where the cylinder head 3 is machined in the direction OP40. The machine tools 10 correspond in terms of their basic structure to the machine tools 9, but they have a different set of spindles and tools which are arranged in the working space of the machine tool 10 in such a way that, with the aid of the tools held in these spindles, all machining steps of the orientation OP40 of the Cylinder head 3 can be performed. After the machining of the cylinder head 3 " in one of the machine tools 10 of the station 2b, the cylinder head 3 is brought into one of the machine tools 11 of the station 2c, in which it is machined in the orientation OP50. Machining takes place in station 2d (in one of the machines 12), station 2e (in one of the machines 13) and Station 2f (in machine 14). The basic construction of each of these machine types 11, 12, 13, 14 corresponds to that of machines 9 and 10 and has a set of spindles and tools which are firmly held in these spindles and are required for machining the cylinder head in the associated orientation.
Die Zahl der Werkzeugmaschinen 9,10,... in den Bearbeitungsstationen 2a bis 2f entspricht den Bearbeitungszeiten der Zylinderköpfe 3 in der zugehörigen Ausrichtung OP20, OP40, ... So sind beispielsweise in den Stationen 2a und 2c, in denen ein umfangreiches Bearbeitungsprogramm an den Zylinderköpfen 3 durchlaufen wird, mehr (nämlich drei) Werkzeugmaschinen 9,11 vorgesehen als in den restlichen Stationen. Durch eine Anpassung der Zahl der Werkzeugmaschinen 9,10,... in den Stationen 2a, 2b,... können die Durchlaufzeiten der Zylinderköpfe 3 durch das Bearbeitungssystem 1 optimiert werden.The number of machine tools 9, 10, ... in the machining stations 2a to 2f corresponds to the machining times of the cylinder heads 3 in the associated orientation OP20, OP40, ... For example, in the stations 2a and 2c, there is an extensive machining program through the cylinder heads 3, more (namely three) machine tools 9, 11 are provided than in the remaining stations. By adjusting the number of machine tools 9, 10, ... in the stations 2a, 2b, ..., the throughput times of the cylinder heads 3 can be optimized by the machining system 1.
Wie oben beschrieben, stimmen die Werkzeugmaschinen 9,10,... in bezug auf ihren Grundaufbau überein, unterscheiden sich jedoch in bezug auf ihre Bestückung, d.h. auf die Lage und Ausrichtung der Spindeln 7,7' und der in den Spindeln 7,7' gehaltenen Werkzeuge 8,8'. Dadurch können Werkzeugmaschinen 9 in Station 2a beispielsweise umgerüstet werden zu Werkzeugmaschinen 10 in Station 2b, indem die Werkzeugmaschine 9 mit anderen Spindeln versehen und diese Spindeln mit anderen Werkzeugen bestückt werden. As described above, the machine tools 9, 10, ... are identical in terms of their basic structure, but differ in terms of their equipment, i.e. on the position and orientation of the spindles 7,7 'and the tools 8,8' held in the spindles 7,7 '. This allows machine tools 9 in station 2a to be converted, for example, to machine tools 10 in station 2b by providing the machine tool 9 with other spindles and equipping these spindles with other tools.

Claims

DaimlerChrysler AGPatentansprüche DaimlerChrysler AG patent claims
Bearbeitungssystem (1) zur spanenden Bearbeitung von Zylinderköpfen (3) , insbesondere von Zylinderköpfen für PKWs, - mit mehreren Bearbeitungsstationen (2a-2f) , in denen die zu bearbeitenden Zylinderköpfe in unterschiedlichen Ausrichtungen (OP20-OP120) bearbeitet werden, - wobei die zu bearbeitenden Zylinderkδpfe den Bearbeitungsstationen (2a-2f) sequentiell zugeführt werden, - wobei jede Bearbeitungsstation (2a-2f) eine oder mehrere identische Werkzeugmaschinen (9-14) umfasst, - und wobei jede Werkzeugmaschine (9-14) mehrere Werkzeugspindeln (7,7') umfasst, von denen zumindest einige fest mit einem Werkzeug (8,8') bestückt sind.Machining system (1) for machining cylinder heads (3), especially cylinder heads for cars, - with several machining stations (2a-2f), in which the cylinder heads to be machined are machined in different orientations (OP20-OP120), - whereby the machining cylinder heads are fed to the machining stations (2a-2f) sequentially, - each machining station (2a-2f) comprising one or more identical machine tools (9-14), - and each machine tool (9-14) having a plurality of tool spindles (7,7 '), at least some of which are permanently fitted with a tool (8,8').
Bearbeitungssystem nach Anspruch 1 d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , dass zumindest einige der Werkzeugspindeln (7') in einer solchen Weise im Arbeitsraum (6) der Werkzeugmaschine (9- 14) angeordnet sind, dass die auf ihnen befestigten Werkzeuge (8') simultan am Zylinderkopf (3) zum Eingriff kommen. Machining system according to claim 1, characterized in that at least some of the tool spindles (7 ') are arranged in the work space (6) of the machine tool (9-14) in such a way that the tools (8') fastened on them are simultaneously on the cylinder head (3) come to the intervention.
3. Bearbeitungssystem nach Anspruch 1 oder 2 d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , dass die Werkzeugmaschinen (9-14) unterschiedlicher Bearbeitungsstationen (2a-2f) in bezug auf ihren Grundaufbau übereinstimmen, sich jedoch in bezug auf die Zahl und/oder Anordnung und/oder Dimensionierung der in ihnen enthaltenen Werkzeugspindeln (7,7') unterscheiden.3. Machining system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the machine tools (9-14) different processing stations (2a-2f) match in terms of their basic structure, but in relation to the number and / or arrangement and / or dimensioning in them differentiate between the included tool spindles (7,7 ').
4. Bearbeitungssystem nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, d a du r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , dass die Werkzeugspindeln (7,7') unbeweglich in den Werkzeugmaschinen (9-14) fixiert sind, so dass alle Relativbewegungen des Zylinderkopfs (3) gegenüber den Werkzeugen (8,8') mit Hilfe der Spannvorrichtung 5 bewirkt werden. 4. Machining system according to one of the preceding claims, since you rchgek characterized that the tool spindles (7,7 ') are immovably fixed in the machine tools (9-14), so that all relative movements of the cylinder head (3) relative to the tools (8,8 ') can be effected with the help of the clamping device 5.
EP04764891A 2003-10-24 2004-09-07 Machining system for cutting cylinder heads Withdrawn EP1675706A1 (en)

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DE10349697A DE10349697B4 (en) 2003-10-24 2003-10-24 Machining system for machining cylinder heads
PCT/EP2004/009946 WO2005049268A1 (en) 2003-10-24 2004-09-07 Machining system for cutting cylinder heads

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DE10349697B4 (en) 2007-03-29
US20070271765A1 (en) 2007-11-29

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