EP1673521B1 - Sound absorber - Google Patents
Sound absorber Download PDFInfo
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- EP1673521B1 EP1673521B1 EP04789973A EP04789973A EP1673521B1 EP 1673521 B1 EP1673521 B1 EP 1673521B1 EP 04789973 A EP04789973 A EP 04789973A EP 04789973 A EP04789973 A EP 04789973A EP 1673521 B1 EP1673521 B1 EP 1673521B1
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- Prior art keywords
- sound absorber
- sound
- absorber according
- regions
- different
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N1/00—Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing
- F01N1/24—Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing by using sound-absorbing materials
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- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G10K11/00—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
- G10K11/16—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
- G10K11/161—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general in systems with fluid flow
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2310/00—Selection of sound absorbing or insulating material
- F01N2310/06—Porous ceramics
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2310/00—Selection of sound absorbing or insulating material
- F01N2310/12—Granular material
Definitions
- the invention relates to sound absorbers that are suitable for the absorption of sound waves that are transmitted with fluids. It can be used for a wide variety of applications, with adaptation to different frequency spectrums possible. It can be used for example on compressors of gases. However, it is also possible to use containers or parts of containers in which liquids are contained (for example oil sumps of internal combustion engines).
- cavities of different dimensions can also be homogeneously mixed within the cavity structure.
- the sound absorber according to the invention is formed in essential parts of hollow spheres whose actual shells are formed from an inorganic material, such as a metal, a metal alloy or a ceramic. There are areas in which such hollow spheres are firmly bonded together.
- the compounds may have been formed by means of an adhesion promoter, by soldering or by sintering.
- the cohesive connections may preferably be formed selectively between adjacent hollow spheres, so that then free spaces remain between adjacent hollow spheres.
- hollow spheres may also be present as a loose bed of a sound absorber according to the invention.
- Such a sound absorber is characterized in that, with respect to the achievable sound absorption, different regions are arranged laterally one after the other in relation to the flow direction of a fluid. However, such regions can also be arranged next to each other, in which case the sound waves can be incident on the surfaces of these differently formed regions. There are angles of incidence between near 0 and 90 ° possible, in which case Sound waves should impinge on the surfaces of at least several areas at the same time. The latter applies in particular to dormant ambient media.
- ranges may differ due to differing sonic velocities, thicknesses and / or characteristic impedance.
- the respective width of these regions should be smaller than the respective smallest sound wavelength, preferably smaller than ⁇ / 4.
- a surface of the sound absorber may have surface contours formed as a result of the different thicknesses of regions.
- Such a surface may be wavy, saw-toothed, meandering.
- irregular elevations and corresponding depressions, with different heights and depths, may preferably be present on such a surface contouring.
- the surface of a sound absorber opposite a contoured surface can also be contoured, but also formed as a flat surface.
- a flat surface should also be understood as meaning a surface whose surface texture, considered the respective hollow spheres, so a certain amount of roughness is allowed.
- the regions of a sound absorber can also be formed laterally from different hollow spheres. This relates to the outer diameter, shell thickness, porosity, materials and / or the respective cohesive connection.
- a layer region may be formed from a loose bed of hollow spheres.
- the hollow spheres, which are not connected to one another, should then be covered for stabilization, at least from one side, by means of a layer region which is formed from hollow spheres connected to one another in a materially bonded manner.
- a sound absorber may also be formed of several with respect to their sound absorption effect different successively arranged individual elements that may be connected to each other but not need.
- ring, frustoconical and / or provided with an inner cone elements can be used, which can be traversed by the respective gas inside in the longitudinal direction of the sound absorber.
- internally hollow elements may also have an inner convex or concave surface on which the respective gas can flow past.
- Such elements may have different wall thicknesses, cone or cone angles, different widths. But they can also have different widths.
- sound absorbers can be modularly assembled and adapted for different applications.
- annular elements with predetermined inner and outer diameters and respectively different speeds of sound and characteristic impedances, in which at least two such rings are inserted into each other for the formation of a region of a sound absorber, so that one forms an inner ring and the other an outer ring.
- the rings have a different hollow sphere structure, thus forming an interface with mutually different speeds of sound.
- a tuned to a particular frequency spectrum sound absorber can be provided in a modular manner, which is certainly advantageous for individual cases or small series or retrofitting.
- a sound absorber or even more areas of a sound absorber can also breakthroughs be formed, through the sound waves pass through and possibly there can impinge on a correspondingly arranged reflective element.
- a reflective element may also be formed and discretely arranged at this "gaps" or openings.
- the dimensioning, shaping and arrangement of such cavities (“gaps") or openings can be optimized taking into account selected sound wavelengths.
- At a sound absorber according to the invention it is also possible, as already indicated, for at least one sound-reflecting element in an alternative according to the invention Element be present.
- Such an element can be integrated into the sound absorber, so that it is surrounded by hollow spheres on two sides.
- a reflective element may have a flat surface and the hollow spheres may be layered in different thicknesses in regions.
- a designed in another form reflective element in this form can be used, so that locally different thicknesses / distances from hollow spheres to outer surfaces that are in contact with the respective gas flow result.
- a reflective element can also be arranged at a distance to the actual sound absorber on one side, which preferably is not in contact with the gas flow.
- a gap may be formed between the sound absorber and the reflective element.
- the respective gap distance does not have to be constant, but it is often favorable to provide a changing gap distance between the reflective element and the sound absorber. This can be achieved by a corresponding shape of a reflective element and / or the surface of the sound absorber opposite the reflective element, wherein the forms already mentioned otherwise are also suitable here.
- reflecting elements can also be a plurality of discrete individual parts.
- a reflection effect can also be achieved by means of interfaces within a sound absorber.
- Such interfaces separate layer regions of the sound absorber with higher layer regions with a significantly lower speed of sound.
- such interfaces may have differentiated distances to outer surfaces of the sound absorber, in particular to surfaces that are in contact with the fluid in the lateral direction.
- one or more regions may also be mechanically densified.
- locally exerted a compressive force and a compression of hollow balls can be achieved accordingly.
- surfaces of regions can also be machined, as a result of which surface contours are specifically formed and / or shells of hollow spheres are partially removed.
- the sound absorbers according to the invention different sound velocities and characteristic impedances can be set in a targeted manner by the respective hollow sphere structures in regions.
- the completely spherical spherical shape can also be replaced by a rounded cylindrical or elliptical shape, at least within regions of a sound absorber.
- Another parameter is the specific surface area within areas adjacent to the void volumes, the Wall thickness of the shells, the porosity and the formation of the surface of the balls can play a role in more or less roughened form.
- a plurality of regions 1.1 to 1.N were used on a sound absorber and arranged one after the other in the flow direction of the gas.
- He has here a flat relatively smooth surface, hit by the sound waves at an oblique angle.
- the individual areas 1.1 to 1.N are shown in white in one part and black in the other part.
- the two differently colored parts each form layer areas of one of the areas 1.1 to 1.N, each with a different speed of sound and characteristic impedance.
- the thicknesses of the layer areas are in the Ranges 1.1 to 1.N different. So that in each area 1.1 to 1.N the path travels the sound waves through the layer areas shown in white until it impinges on the boundary surface to the respective black drawn layer area, is of different sizes.
- the interface has a sound-reflecting effect.
- the layer regions shown in black can also be compact, ie not formed from hollow spheres, so that they can also be a reflective element.
- the widths of the individual regions 1.1 to 1.N seen in the flow direction can also be different in size, which is the representation of FIG. 1 can not be removed without further notice.
- a reflective element 2 has been integrated into this.
- a fluid may flow along two opposing surfaces and sound waves may re-impinge on the surfaces at an oblique angle as indicated by the arrows.
- the reflecting element 2 is here shaped such that different distances between the outer surfaces, on which the sound waves impinge directly and the reflecting element 2, result in the different regions 1.1 to 1.N.
- the sound travels a different long path within the ranges 1.1 to 1.N until it is reflected, so that, assuming a constant speed of sound in all ranges 1.1 to 1.N, a different amount of time passes with the sound waves through an entire layer range or returning reflected sound waves to reach the surface again.
- the areas 1.1 to 1.N have layer areas with different speeds of sound.
- These layer regions can be formed from hollow spheres or hollow spherical composites differing from one another.
- the size and arrangement of the actual cavities in the layer areas can be different.
- the hollow spheres in areas 1.1 to 1.N are connected to one another in a material-locking manner or, in layer areas, hollow spheres are present as a loose bed.
- the arrangement of the regions 1.1 to 1.N has been chosen to be the same with the respective layer regions. Only the alignment of the areas 1.1 to 1.N at an obliquely inclined angle to the direction of incidence of sound waves represents a difference that leads to an extension of the possible path for sound waves through such an area leads to the opposite surface. In addition, with suitable for a sound wave reflection interfaces at each adjacent areas 1.1 to 1.N such reflections can be exploited for increased absorption.
- FIG. 4 shown example uses areas 1.1 to 1.N, which are arranged on a flat planar support, which is a reflective element 2.
- the areas 1.1 to 1.N formed from hollow spheres each have different thicknesses, so that a contoured surface is present, against which the sound waves impinge.
- the sound waves then have to cover paths of different lengths again in the ranges 1.1 to 1.N until they reach the reflective surface of the reflecting element 2.
- reflective element 2 and the regions 1.1 to 1.N can be directly connected to each other or in touching contact.
- a gap may also be present between the reflecting element 2 and the corresponding surface of the regions 1.1 to 1.N, which represents a constant distance.
- the reflecting element 2 or the surfaces of the regions 1.1 to 1.N facing it are formed so that the distances are locally differentiated.
- FIG. 4 is further indicated a possibility for an advantageous design of sound absorbers in the areas 1.6 and 1.8.
- the surfaces are incident on the sound waves aligned at an obliquely inclined angle.
- the surface impinge on the sound waves and increases the angle of incidence. Due to an increased angle of incidence, in particular the refraction and reflection of the sound waves incident there will change.
- Such obliquely inclined surfaces may be present at all areas 1.1 to 1.N or even at only a few selected areas.
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft Schallabsorber, die für die Absorption von Schallwellen, die mit Fluiden übertragen werden, geeignet sind. Sie kann für die verschiedensten Anwendungen eingesetzt werden, wobei eine Anpassung an unterschiedliche Frequenzspektren möglich ist. Sie kann beispielsweise an Verdichtern von Gasen eingesetzt werden. Es ist aber auch ein Einsatz an Behältern oder Teilen von Behältern in denen Flüssigkeiten enthalten sind (z.B. Ölwannen von Verbrennungskraftmaschinen) möglich.The invention relates to sound absorbers that are suitable for the absorption of sound waves that are transmitted with fluids. It can be used for a wide variety of applications, with adaptation to different frequency spectrums possible. It can be used for example on compressors of gases. However, it is also possible to use containers or parts of containers in which liquids are contained (for example oil sumps of internal combustion engines).
Neben Mineralfasern, die für die Absorption von Schallwellen bisher überwiegend eingesetzt worden sind, ist in
Für eine breitbandigere Absorptionswirkung bei Schalldämpfern mit solchen strukturen wird darein darauf hingewiesen, dass bei einer solchen Struktur unterschiedlich dimensionierte Hohlräume geschichtet sein können. So sollen größere Hohlräume dichter an einem Abgasstrom, als Träger der Schallwellen angeordnet sein, als kleinere Hohlräume. Alternativ wird aber auch darauf hingewiesen, dass innerhalb der Hohlraumstruktur auch unterschiedlich dimensionierte Hohlräume homogen durchmischt vorhanden sein können.For a broadband absorption effect in silencers with such structures, it is pointed out that in such a structure differently dimensioned cavities can be layered. Thus, larger cavities should be arranged closer to an exhaust gas flow, as a carrier of the sound waves, as smaller cavities. Alternatively, however, it should also be pointed out that cavities of different dimensions can also be homogeneously mixed within the cavity structure.
Es hat sich aber gezeigt, dass in dieser Form die Breitbandwirkung dieser Schalldämpfer zwar erhöht werden kann, diese Erhöhung jedoch Grenzen hat. So dass eine Reduzierung des Schallpegels in einem immer noch begrenzten Maß und eingeschränkten Frequenzband erreicht werden kann.However, it has been shown that in this form, the broadband effect of this muffler can be increased, but this increase has limits. So that a reduction of the sound level can be achieved in a still limited extent and limited frequency band.
Des Weiteren können solche Strukturen nur mit hohem Aufwand und Kosten hergestellt werden. Außerdem sind gestalterisch Grenzen gesetzt, so dass viele Bauformen nicht oder nur sehr schwer realisiert werden können. Ein modularer Aufbau solcher Schalldämpfer, zur Anpassung an unterschiedliche Bedingungen (Erregerfrequenzspektren) ist nicht möglich.Furthermore, such structures can only be produced at great expense and expense. In addition, design limits are set, so that many designs can not or only very difficult to be realized. A modular design of such silencers, to adapt to different conditions (exciter frequency spectra) is not possible.
Außerdem ist in
Es ist daher Aufgabe der Erfindung eine Möglichkeit zur Absorption von Schallwellen vorzuschlagen, bei dem eine hohe maximale Absorption bei einzelnen Frequenzen mit hohen Amplituden, bei gleichzeitiger Absorption von Schallwellen in einem verbreiterten Frequenzspektrum auf einfache Weise erreichbar ist.It is therefore an object of the invention to propose a possibility for the absorption of sound waves, in which a high maximum absorption at individual frequencies with high amplitudes, with simultaneous absorption of sound waves in a broadened frequency spectrum is easily accessible.
Erfindungsgemäß wird diese Aufgabe mit einem Schallabsorber, der die Merkmale des Anspruchs 1 aufweist, gelöst. Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen und Weiterbildungen der Erfindung können mit den in den untergeordneten Ansprüchen bezeichneten Merkmalen erreicht werden.According to the invention, this object is achieved with a sound absorber having the features of
Der erfindungsgemäße Schallabsorber wird in wesentlichen Teilen aus Hohlkugeln gebildet, deren eigentliche Schalen aus einem anorganischen Werkstoff, wie einem Metall, einer Metalllegierung oder auch einer Keramik gebildet sind. Es.sind Bereiche vorhanden, in denen solche Hohlkugeln stoffschlüssig miteinander verbunden sind. Die Verbindungen können mittels eines Haftvermittlers, durch Löten oder versintern ausgebildet worden sein. Die stoffschlüssigen Verbindungen können bevorzugt punktuell zwischen benachbarten Hohlkugeln ausgebildet sein, so dass dann zwischen benachbarten Hohlkugeln Freiräume verbleiben.The sound absorber according to the invention is formed in essential parts of hollow spheres whose actual shells are formed from an inorganic material, such as a metal, a metal alloy or a ceramic. There are areas in which such hollow spheres are firmly bonded together. The compounds may have been formed by means of an adhesion promoter, by soldering or by sintering. The cohesive connections may preferably be formed selectively between adjacent hollow spheres, so that then free spaces remain between adjacent hollow spheres.
Allein oder zusätzlich können aber auch Hohlkugeln als lose Schüttung an einem erfindungsgemäßen Schallabsorber vorhanden sein.However, in addition or in addition, hollow spheres may also be present as a loose bed of a sound absorber according to the invention.
Ein solcher Schallabsorber zeichnet sich dadurch aus, dass bezüglich der erreichbaren Schallabsorption unterschiedliche Bereiche lateral nach einander in Bezug zur Strömungsrichtung eines Fluides angeordnet sind. Solche Bereiche können aber auch nebeneinander angeordnet sein, wobei dann die Schallwellen auf die Oberflächen von diesen unterschiedlich ausgebildeten Bereichen einfallen können. Es sind dabei Einfallswinkel zwischen nahe 0 und 90 ° möglich, wobei dann Schallwellen auf die Oberflächen zumindest mehrerer Bereiche gleichzeitig auftreffen sollten. Letzteres trifft insbesondere für ruhende Umgebungsmedien zu.Such a sound absorber is characterized in that, with respect to the achievable sound absorption, different regions are arranged laterally one after the other in relation to the flow direction of a fluid. However, such regions can also be arranged next to each other, in which case the sound waves can be incident on the surfaces of these differently formed regions. There are angles of incidence between near 0 and 90 ° possible, in which case Sound waves should impinge on the surfaces of at least several areas at the same time. The latter applies in particular to dormant ambient media.
Diese Bereiche können sich durch voneinander abweichende Schallgeschwindigkeiten, Dicken und/oder charakteristischen Impedanz unterscheiden.These ranges may differ due to differing sonic velocities, thicknesses and / or characteristic impedance.
Die jeweilige Breite dieser Bereiche sollte kleiner, als die jeweils kleinste Schallwellenlänge, bevorzugt kleiner als λ/4 sein.The respective width of these regions should be smaller than the respective smallest sound wavelength, preferably smaller than λ / 4.
Vorteilhaft ist es dabei aus Hohlkugeln gebildete Bereiche vorzusehen, die bei bevorzugt gleichen oder aber auch unterschiedlichen Hohlkugeln (Durchmesser, Schalendicke, Porosität, Werkstoff) unterschiedliche Dicken in Ausbreitungsrichtung von Schallwellen innerhalb des Schallabsorbers aufweisen. Dies kann eine regel-, bevorzugt aber unregelmäßig wechselnde Anordnung solcher Bereiche sein.It is advantageous in this case to provide regions formed from hollow spheres which have different thicknesses in the direction of propagation of sound waves within the sound absorber in the case of preferably identical or different hollow spheres (diameter, shell thickness, porosity, material). This can be a rule, but preferably irregularly changing arrangement of such areas.
So kann beispielsweise eine Oberfläche des Schallabsorbers infolge der unterschiedlichen Dicken von Bereichen ausgebildete Oberflächenkonturierung aufweisen. Eine solche Oberfläche kann wellenförmig, sägezahnförmig, mäanderförmig gestaltet sein. Dabei können bevorzugt unregelmäßige Erhebungen und entsprechende Vertiefungen, mit unterschiedlichen Höhen und Tiefen an einer solchen Oberflächenkonturierung vorhanden sein.Thus, for example, a surface of the sound absorber may have surface contours formed as a result of the different thicknesses of regions. Such a surface may be wavy, saw-toothed, meandering. In this case, irregular elevations and corresponding depressions, with different heights and depths, may preferably be present on such a surface contouring.
Die einer konturierten Oberfläche gegenüberliegende Oberfläche eines Schallabsorbers kann ebenfalls konturiert, aber auch als ebene Fläche ausgebildet sein. Dabei soll unter ebener Fläche auch eine solche Oberfläche verstanden sein, deren Oberflächenbebeschaffenheit, die jeweiligen Hohlkugeln berücksichtigt, also ein gewisses Maß an Rauheit zulässig ist.The surface of a sound absorber opposite a contoured surface can also be contoured, but also formed as a flat surface. In this case, a flat surface should also be understood as meaning a surface whose surface texture, considered the respective hollow spheres, so a certain amount of roughness is allowed.
Werden zwei sich gegenüberliegend angeordnete Oberflächen mit einer Oberflächenkonturierung, wie sie oben näher erläutert worden ist, an einem Schallabsorber vorgesehen, kann er an diesen beiden Oberflächen vom jeweiligen Fluid angeströmt oder ein Fluid an diesen entlang strömen bzw. auf diese Oberflächen Schallwellen auf den Schallabsorber einfallen. In diesem Fall kann eine zweiseitige Schallabsorptionswirkung erreicht werden.If two oppositely arranged surfaces with a surface contouring, as has been explained in more detail above, provided on a sound absorber, it can be flowed on these two surfaces by the respective fluid or a fluid flow along this or incident on these surfaces sound waves on the sound absorber , In this case, a bilateral sound absorption effect can be achieved.
Mit einer solchen Oberflächenkontur wird erreicht, dass die Schallwellen mit unterschiedlichen Einfallswinkeln auf die jeweiligen Oberflächen auftreffen.With such a surface contour it is achieved that the sound waves strike the respective surfaces with different angles of incidence.
Es besteht aber auch die Möglichkeit, in einer erfindungsgemäßen Alternative die Oberfläche so auszubilden, dass Bereiche jeweils in einem gleichen oder von einander abweichenden Winkel schräg geneigt in Bezug zur Strömungsrichtung eines Fluides, dem Einfallswinkel von Schallwellen oder in Bezug zu einer Ebene ausgerichtet sind. So kann der Schall direkter mit einem größeren Einfallswinkel auch auf eine größere Fläche auftreffen und gleichzeitig können sich so lokal unterschiedliche Dicken in lateraler Richtung eines Schallabsorbers in einem solchen Bereich ausbilden lassen.However, it is also possible, in an alternative according to the invention, to design the surface in such a way that regions are aligned obliquely inclined with respect to the flow direction of a fluid, the angle of incidence of sound waves or with respect to a plane, in each case at the same or a different angle. Thus, the sound can impinge more directly on a larger area with a larger angle of incidence, and at the same time, locally different thicknesses in the lateral direction of a sound absorber can be formed in such a region.
Neben den Neigungswinkeln solcher geneigten Flächenbereiche kann auch ihre jeweilige Fläche variiert sein, in dem solche Bereiche unterschiedlich breit Die Bereiche eines Schallabsorbers können lateral nacheinander auch aus unterschiedlichen Hohlkugeln gebildet sein. Dies betrifft die Außendurchmesser, Schalendicken, Porosität, werkstoffe und/oder die jeweilige stoffschlüssige Verbindung.In addition to the angles of inclination of such inclined surface areas and their respective surface may be varied, in which such areas have different widths The regions of a sound absorber can also be formed laterally from different hollow spheres. This relates to the outer diameter, shell thickness, porosity, materials and / or the respective cohesive connection.
Dieser Sachverhalt kann auch auf die jeweiligen einzelnen Bereiche zu treffen, so dass in einem Bereich schichtweise auch unterschiedliche Komposite von Hohlkugeln vorhanden sein können. In diesem Fall kann auch ein Schichtbereich aus einer losen Schüttung von Hohlkugeln gebildet sein. Die miteinander nicht verbundenen Hohlkugeln sollten dann zumindest von einer Seite mittels eines Schichtbereiches, der aus stoffschlüssig miteinander verbundenen Hohlkugeln gebildet ist, zur Stabilisierung überdeckt sein.This situation can also apply to the respective individual areas, so that different composites of hollow spheres can also be present in layers in one area. In this case, a layer region may be formed from a loose bed of hollow spheres. The hollow spheres, which are not connected to one another, should then be covered for stabilization, at least from one side, by means of a layer region which is formed from hollow spheres connected to one another in a materially bonded manner.
Ein Schallabsorber kann aber auch aus mehreren bzgl. ihrer Schallabsorptionswirkung unterschiedlichen nacheinander angeordneten einzelnen Elementen gebildet sein, die miteinander verbunden sein können aber nicht müssen.However, a sound absorber may also be formed of several with respect to their sound absorption effect different successively arranged individual elements that may be connected to each other but not need.
In diesem Fall können vorteilhaft ring-, kegelstumpfförmige und/oder mit einem Innenkonus versehene Elemente eingesetzt werden, die vom jeweiligen Gas innen in Längsrichtung des Schallabsorbers durchströmt werden können. Solche innen hohle Elemente können aber auch eine innere konvex oder konkav gewölbte Oberfläche aufweisen, an der das jeweilige Gas vorbeiströmen kann.In this case, advantageously ring, frustoconical and / or provided with an inner cone elements can be used, which can be traversed by the respective gas inside in the longitudinal direction of the sound absorber. However, such internally hollow elements may also have an inner convex or concave surface on which the respective gas can flow past.
Solche Elemente können unterschiedliche Wandstärken, Kegel- oder Konuswinkel, unterschiedliche Breiten aufweisen. Sie können aber auch verschiedene Breiten aufweisen.Such elements may have different wall thicknesses, cone or cone angles, different widths. But they can also have different widths.
Mit solchen einzelnen Elementen können Schallabsorber modular zusammengesetzt und für unterschiedliche Applikationen angepasst werden.With such individual elements sound absorbers can be modularly assembled and adapted for different applications.
So besteht z.B. die Möglichkeit kreisringförmige Elemente mit vorgegebenen Innen- und Außendurchmessern und jeweils unterschiedlichen Schallgeschwindigkeiten und charakteristischen Impedanzen miteinander zu kombinieren, in dem für die Ausbildung eines Bereiches eines Schallabsorbers mindestens zwei solcher Ringe ineinander gesteckt werden, so dass einer einen Innenring und der andere einen Außenring bildet. Die Ringe weisen eine unterschiedliche Hohlkugelstruktur auf, bilden so eine Grenzfläche mit beidseitig unterschiedlichen Schallgeschwindigkeiten.For example, there is the possibility of combining annular elements with predetermined inner and outer diameters and respectively different speeds of sound and characteristic impedances, in which at least two such rings are inserted into each other for the formation of a region of a sound absorber, so that one forms an inner ring and the other an outer ring. The rings have a different hollow sphere structure, thus forming an interface with mutually different speeds of sound.
Durch eine Aneinanderreihung solcher unterschiedlich zusammengesetzten Bereichen aus verschiedenen einzelnen Elementen kann ein auf ein bestimmtes Frequenzspektrum abgestimmter Schallabsorber modulartig zur Verfügung gestellt werden, was für Einzelfallanwendungen oder auch Kleinserien bzw. eine Nachrüstung sicher vorteilhaft ist.By a juxtaposition of such differently composed areas of different individual elements, a tuned to a particular frequency spectrum sound absorber can be provided in a modular manner, which is certainly advantageous for individual cases or small series or retrofitting.
Es besteht aber auch die Möglichkeit einzelne Elemente in einem Abstand zueinander anzuordnen, so dass Hohlräume vorhanden sind, die quasi "Lücken" bilden, die wiederum so dimensioniert werden können, dass Schallwellen mit geeigneten Wellenlängen auch teilweise in eine solche "Lücke" eintreten können und erst im "Lückenbereich" auf eine wirksam Oberfläche des Schallabsorbers auftreffen.But it is also possible to arrange individual elements at a distance to each other, so that cavities are present, which form quasi "gaps", which in turn can be dimensioned so that sound waves with suitable wavelengths can also partially enter such a "gap" and only hit in the "gap area" on an effective surface of the sound absorber.
An einem Schallabsorber oder auch mehreren Bereichen eines Schallabsorbers können auch Durchbrechungen ausgebildet sein, durch die Schallwellen hindurch treten und ggf. dort auf ein entsprechend angeordnetes reflektierendes Element auftreffen können.At a sound absorber or even more areas of a sound absorber can also breakthroughs be formed, through the sound waves pass through and possibly there can impinge on a correspondingly arranged reflective element.
In analoger Form kann aber auch ein reflektierendes Element ausgebildet sein und an diesem "Lücken" oder Durchbrechungen diskret zu einander angeordnet sein.In analogous form, however, a reflective element may also be formed and discretely arranged at this "gaps" or openings.
Die Dimensionierung, Formgebung und Anordnung solcher Hohlräume ("Lücken") oder Durchbrechungen kann unter Berücksichtigung ausgewählter Schallwellenlängen optimiert werden.The dimensioning, shaping and arrangement of such cavities ("gaps") or openings can be optimized taking into account selected sound wavelengths.
Eine solche Optimierung ist aber auch für den Schallabsorber in Gänze möglich, so dass eine maximale zumindest erhöhte Schallabsorption für mehrere bestimmte Schallwellenlängen erreichbar wird, die besonders kritisch im jeweiligen Frequenzspektrum der Gasströmung sind.However, such an optimization is also possible for the sound absorber as a whole, so that a maximum at least increased sound absorption for several specific sound wavelengths can be achieved, which are particularly critical in the respective frequency spectrum of the gas flow.
Hierfür lassen sich gezielt entsprechende Interferenzen ausnutzen. So dass sich für ausgewählte Wellenlängen unter Berücksichtigung der jeweiligen Schallgeschwindigkeit in einem Bereich des Schallabsorbers oder einem Spalt zwischen Schallabsorber und einem im Abstand zu diesem angeordneten reflektierenden Element, der Weg der Schallwellen durch einen solchen Bereich, einen Schichtbereich eines solchen Bereiches oder der Spalt zwischen Schallabsorber und reflektierendem Element auf ein ganzzahliges Vielfaches von λ/4 solcher ausgewählter Schallwellenlängen berücksichtigt.For this purpose, appropriate interference can be exploited specifically. So that for selected wavelengths, taking into account the respective speed of sound in a region of the sound absorber or a gap between the sound absorber and a reflective element arranged at a distance therefrom, the path of the sound waves through such a region, a layer region of such a region or the gap between the sound absorber and reflecting element to an integer multiple of λ / 4 such selected sound wavelengths.
An einem erfindungsgemäßen Schallabsorber kann aber auch, wie bereits angedeutet in einer erfindungsgemäßen Alternative mindestens ein Schall reflektierendes Element vorhanden sein.At a sound absorber according to the invention, however, it is also possible, as already indicated, for at least one sound-reflecting element in an alternative according to the invention Element be present.
Ein solches Element kann in den Schallabsorber integriert sein, so dass es von Hohlkugeln zweiseitig umschlossen ist. In diesem Fall kann ein reflektierendes Element eine ebene Flächen aufweisen und die Hohlkugeln bereichsweise in unterschiedlicher Dicke geschichtet sein.Such an element can be integrated into the sound absorber, so that it is surrounded by hollow spheres on two sides. In this case, a reflective element may have a flat surface and the hollow spheres may be layered in different thicknesses in regions.
Es besteht aber auch die Möglichkeit, ein in anderer Form gestaltetes reflektierendes Element in dieser Form einzusetzen. So kann ein abgestuftes, gewelltes, sägezahnförmiges oder mäanderförmiges Element eingesetzt werden, so dass sich lokal unterschiedliche Dicken/Abstände von Hohlkugeln bis hin zu äußeren Oberflächen, die in Kontakt mit der jeweiligen Gasströmung stehen ergeben.But it is also possible to use a designed in another form reflective element in this form. Thus, a graduated, corrugated, sawtooth or meander-shaped element can be used, so that locally different thicknesses / distances from hollow spheres to outer surfaces that are in contact with the respective gas flow result.
Ein reflektierendes Element kann aber auch in einem Abstand zum eigentlichen Schallabsorber an einer Seite angeordnet sein, die bevorzugt nicht mit der Gasströmung in Kontakt steht. In diesem Fall kann zwischen Schallabsorber und reflektierendem Element ein Spalt ausgebildet sein. Der jeweilige Spaltabstand muss nicht konstant sein, vielmehr ist es häufig günstig einen sich ändernden Spaltabstand zwischen reflektierendem Element und Schallabsorber vorzusehen. Dies kann durch entsprechende Form eines reflektierenden Elementes und/oder der dem reflektierenden Element gegenüber liegenden Oberfläche des Schallabsorbers erreicht werden, wobei die bereits anderweitig erwähnten Formen auch hier geeignet sind.However, a reflective element can also be arranged at a distance to the actual sound absorber on one side, which preferably is not in contact with the gas flow. In this case, a gap may be formed between the sound absorber and the reflective element. The respective gap distance does not have to be constant, but it is often favorable to provide a changing gap distance between the reflective element and the sound absorber. This can be achieved by a corresponding shape of a reflective element and / or the surface of the sound absorber opposite the reflective element, wherein the forms already mentioned otherwise are also suitable here.
Reflektierende Elemente können aber auch mehrere diskret zueinander angeordnete einzelne Teile sein.However, reflecting elements can also be a plurality of discrete individual parts.
Eine Reflexionswirkung kann aber auch mittels Grenzflächen innerhalb eines Schallabsorbers erreicht werden. Solche Grenzflächen trennen Schichtbereiche des Schallabsorbers mit höherer von Schichtbereichen mit deutlich niedrigerer Schallgeschwindigkeit. Dabei können solche Grenzflächen differenzierte Abstände zu äußeren Oberflächen des Schallabsorbers, insbesondere zu Oberflächen, die mit dem Fluid in Kontakt stehen in lateraler Richtung, aufweisen.However, a reflection effect can also be achieved by means of interfaces within a sound absorber. Such interfaces separate layer regions of the sound absorber with higher layer regions with a significantly lower speed of sound. In this case, such interfaces may have differentiated distances to outer surfaces of the sound absorber, in particular to surfaces that are in contact with the fluid in the lateral direction.
Auch bei gezielt hervorgerufenen Reflexionen von Schallwellen, mit Mitteln, wie vorab erläutert, können Interferenzen vorteilhaft genutzt werden.Even with deliberately caused reflections of sound waves, with means, as explained above, interference can be used to advantage.
An einem erfindungsgemäßen Schallabsorber kann/können aber auch ein oder mehrere Bereich(e) mechanisch nachverdichtet worden sein. Hierfür kann entsprechend lokal begrenzt eine Druckkraft ausgeübt und ein Verpressen von Hohlkugeln erreicht werden.On one sound absorber according to the invention, however, one or more regions may also be mechanically densified. For this purpose, locally exerted a compressive force and a compression of hollow balls can be achieved accordingly.
Allein dazu oder zusätzlich können Oberflächen von Bereichen auch spanend bearbeitet werden, wodurch O-berflächenkonturen gezielt ausgebildet und/oder Schalen von Hohlkugeln teilweise entfernt werden.On its own or in addition, surfaces of regions can also be machined, as a result of which surface contours are specifically formed and / or shells of hollow spheres are partially removed.
Bei den erfindungsgemäßen Schallabsorbern können verschiedene Schallgeschwindigkeiten und charakteristische Impedanzen durch die jeweiligen Hohlkugelstrukturen in Bereichen gezielt eingestellt werden. So kann neben den bereits erwähnten Variationsmöglichkeiten auch die vollständig spährische Kugelform zumindest innerhalb von Bereichen eines Schallabsorbers durch eine abgerundete zylindrische oder elliptische Form ersetzt werden. Einen weiteren Parameter stellt die spezifische Oberfläche innerhalb von Bereichen dar, die neben der Hohlraumvolumina, der Wandstärke der Schalen, der Porosität auch die Ausbildung der Oberfläche der Kugeln in mehr oder weniger aufgerauhter Form einen Rolle spielen kann.In the sound absorbers according to the invention, different sound velocities and characteristic impedances can be set in a targeted manner by the respective hollow sphere structures in regions. Thus, in addition to the already mentioned possibilities of variation, the completely spherical spherical shape can also be replaced by a rounded cylindrical or elliptical shape, at least within regions of a sound absorber. Another parameter is the specific surface area within areas adjacent to the void volumes, the Wall thickness of the shells, the porosity and the formation of the surface of the balls can play a role in more or less roughened form.
Nachfolgend soll die Erfindung an Hand von Beispielen näher erläutert werden.The invention will be explained in more detail with reference to examples.
Dabei zeigen:
Figur 1- ein Beispiel eines Schallabsorbers;
Figur 2- ein Beispiel mit einem integrierten reflektierenden Element;
- Figur 3a
- ein Beispiel mit unterschiedlich ausgebildeten Bereichen;
- Figur 3b
- ein Bespiel mit unterschiedlich ausgebildeten Bereichen mit anderer Ausrichtung und
- Figur 4
- ein Beispiel nach der Erfindung mit einer konturierten Oberfläche.
- FIG. 1
- an example of a sound absorber;
- FIG. 2
- an example with an integrated reflective element;
- FIG. 3a
- an example with differently formed areas;
- FIG. 3b
- an example of differently formed areas with different orientation and
- FIG. 4
- an example of the invention with a contoured surface.
Für die nachfolgende Erläuterung der Figuren soll vorangestellt werden, dass diese stark schematisiert dargestellt worden sind.For the following explanation of the figures shall be preceded that they have been shown in a highly schematic.
Bei dem in
Er hat hier eine ebene relativ glatte Oberfläche, auf die Schallwellen in einem schräg geneigten Winkel auftreffen.He has here a flat relatively smooth surface, hit by the sound waves at an oblique angle.
Die einzelnen Bereiche 1.1 bis 1.N sind in der Darstellung jeweils in einem Teil weiß und im anderen Teil schwarz gezeichnet. Die beiden unterschiedlich farbigen Teile bilden jeweils Schichtbereiche eines der Bereiche 1.1 bis 1.N, mit jeweils unterschiedlicher Schallgeschwindigkeit und charakteristische Impedanz. Die Dicken der Schichtbereiche sind in den Bereichen 1.1 bis 1.N unterschiedlich. So dass in jedem Bereich 1.1 bis 1.N der Weg den Schallwellen durch die weiß dargestellten Schichtbereiche zurücklegt, bis er auf die Grenzfläche zum jeweiligen schwarz gezeichnete Schichtbereich auftrifft, unterschiedlich groß ist.The individual areas 1.1 to 1.N are shown in white in one part and black in the other part. The two differently colored parts each form layer areas of one of the areas 1.1 to 1.N, each with a different speed of sound and characteristic impedance. The thicknesses of the layer areas are in the Ranges 1.1 to 1.N different. So that in each area 1.1 to 1.N the path travels the sound waves through the layer areas shown in white until it impinges on the boundary surface to the respective black drawn layer area, is of different sizes.
Sind die "schwarzen" Schichtbereiche so konfiguriert, dass die charakteristische Impedanz gegenüber den "weißen" Schichtbereichen größer ist, wirkt die Grenzfläche schallreflektierend.If the "black" layer areas are configured such that the characteristic impedance is greater than the "white" layer areas, the interface has a sound-reflecting effect.
Die schwarz dargestellten Schichtbereiche können aber auch kompakt, also nicht aus Hohlkugeln ausgebildet sein, so dass sie auch ein reflektierendes Element darstellen können.However, the layer regions shown in black can also be compact, ie not formed from hollow spheres, so that they can also be a reflective element.
Die Breiten der einzelnen Bereiche 1.1 bis 1.N in Strömungsrichtung gesehen kann ebenfalls unterschiedlich groß sein, was der Darstellung von
Bei dem in
Ein Fluid kann an zwei sich gegenüberliegenden Oberflächen entlang strömen und Schallwellen wieder auf die Oberflächen, wie mit den Pfeilen angedeutet, in schräg geneigtem Winkel einfallen.A fluid may flow along two opposing surfaces and sound waves may re-impinge on the surfaces at an oblique angle as indicated by the arrows.
Das reflektierende Element 2 ist hier so geformt, dass sich in den verschiedenen Bereichen 1.1 bis 1.N jeweils unterschiedliche Abstände zwischen den äußeren Oberflächen, auf die die Schallwellen unmittelbar auftreffen und dem reflektierenden Element 2 ergeben.The reflecting
Dementsprechend legt der Schall einen unterschiedlichen langen Weg innerhalb der Bereiche 1.1 bis 1.N zurück, bis er reflektiert wird, so dass bei angenommen konstanter Schallgeschwindigkeit in allen Bereichen 1.1 bis 1.N auch eine unterschiedlich große Zeit mit der Schallwellen durch einen gesamten Schichtbereich gelangen oder rückreflektierte Schallwellen wieder die Oberfläche erreichen zu verzeichnen ist.Accordingly, the sound travels a different long path within the ranges 1.1 to 1.N until it is reflected, so that, assuming a constant speed of sound in all ranges 1.1 to 1.N, a different amount of time passes with the sound waves through an entire layer range or returning reflected sound waves to reach the surface again.
In den
So weisen die Bereiche 1.1 bis 1.N Schichtbereiche mit unterschiedlichen Schallgeschwindigkeiten auf. Diese Schichtbereiche können aus sich voneinander unterscheidenden Hohlkugeln oder Hohlkugelkompositen gebildet sein. So können die Größe und Anordnung der eigentlichen Hohlräume in den Schichtbereichen unterschiedlich groß sein. Die Hohlkugeln in Bereichen 1.1 bis 1.N miteinander stoffschlüssig verbunden oder in Schichtbereichen Hohlkugeln als lose Schüttung vorhanden sein.Thus, the areas 1.1 to 1.N have layer areas with different speeds of sound. These layer regions can be formed from hollow spheres or hollow spherical composites differing from one another. Thus, the size and arrangement of the actual cavities in the layer areas can be different. The hollow spheres in areas 1.1 to 1.N are connected to one another in a material-locking manner or, in layer areas, hollow spheres are present as a loose bed.
Bei den in den
Das in
Wie hier gezeigt können reflektierendes Element 2 und die Bereiche 1.1 bis 1.N unmittelbar miteinander verbunden sein bzw. in berührendem Kontakt stehen.As shown here,
In nicht dargestellter Form kann aber auch zwischen reflektierendem Element 2 und der entsprechenden Oberfläche der Bereiche 1.1 bis 1.N ein Spalt vorhanden sein, der einen konstanten Abstand darstellt. Es besteht aber auch die Möglichkeit, wie im allgemeinen Teil der Beschreibung bereits angesprochen, das reflektierende Element 2 oder die diesem zugewandten Oberflächen der Bereiche 1.1 bis 1.N, so ausgebildet, dass die Abstände lokal differenziert sind.In a non-illustrated form, however, a gap may also be present between the reflecting
In
Dort sind die Oberflächen auf die Schallwellen auftreffen in einem schräg geneigten Winkel ausgerichtet. Dadurch sind die Fläche auf die Schallwellen auftreffen und der Einfallswinkel vergrößert. Durch einen vergrößerten Einfallswinkel verändert sich insbesondere die Brechung und Reflexion der dort einfallenden Schallwellen.There, the surfaces are incident on the sound waves aligned at an obliquely inclined angle. As a result, the surface impinge on the sound waves and increases the angle of incidence. Due to an increased angle of incidence, in particular the refraction and reflection of the sound waves incident there will change.
Solche schräg geneigten Oberflächen können an allen Bereichen 1.1 bis 1.N oder auch nur an einigen ausgewählten Bereichen vorhanden sein.Such obliquely inclined surfaces may be present at all areas 1.1 to 1.N or even at only a few selected areas.
Claims (24)
- A sound absorber which is formed at least in regions from hollow spheres which are integrally connected to one another and/or from a loose filling of hollow spheres, wherein regions (1.1 to 1.N) with mutually differing sound velocity, characteristic impedance and/or thickness in the flow direction of a fluid are arranged on the sound absorber in lateral succession or, in relation to angles of incidence of sound waves, side by side, whereby a surface contour is formed so that sound waves strike the surface contour at different angles of incidence.
- A sound absorber according to claim 1, characterised in that regions (1.1 to 1.N) formed from hollow spheres have a flat surface that sound waves strike, and the thickness of regions (1.1 to 1.N) formed from hollow spheres changes in a regular or irregular manner within the sound absorber in the direction of propagation of the sound waves.
- A sound absorber according to claim 1, characterised in that an element (2) which reflects sound waves is provided.
- A sound absorber according to claim 3, characterised in that the reflecting element (2) is arranged within the sound absorber and is formed so that the distances from surfaces/the surface that sound waves strike vary.
- A sound absorber according to claim 4, characterised in that the reflecting element (2) is arranged at a distance from the sound absorber so as to form a gap.
- A sound absorber according to claim 5, characterised in that the reflecting element (2) and/or the respective surface of the sound absorber is formed so that the distances vary in the lateral direction.
- A sound absorber according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the surfaces of regions (1.1 to 1.N) are orientated at an obliquely inclined angle in relation to angles of incidence of sound waves.
- A sound absorber according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the regions (1.1 to 1.N) are each formed from hollow spheres with different diameter fractions.
- A sound absorber according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the regions (1.1 to 1.N) are formed as annular elements arranged in succession.
- A sound absorber according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that cavities are provided between and/or in regions (1.1 to 1.N).
- A sound absorber according to any one of claims 3 to 6, characterised in that a reflecting element (2) is formed from a plurality of individual elements, and/or openings are formed in the reflecting element (2).
- A sound absorber according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the regions (1.1 to 1.N) are formed as elements through which a flow of gas can flow in the longitudinal direction, which elements are frustoconical, annular, provided with an inner cone and/or concavely or convexly curved in the direction of the gas flow.
- A sound absorber according to claim 11 or 12, characterised in that regions (1.1 to 1.N) are formed from at least two different elements.
- A sound absorber according to any one of claims 11 to 14, characterised in that it is formed from a plurality of individual elements which are assembled in a modular manner.
- A sound absorber according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the thicknesses and/or widths of regions (1.1 to 1.N) are set with consideration of selected wavelengths of a sound wave spectrum.
- A sound absorber according to claims 3 to 6 and 11, characterised in that the respective distances of a reflecting element (2) are set with consideration of selected wavelengths of a sound wave spectrum.
- A sound absorber according to claim 13 or 14, characterised in that the thicknesses, widths and/or distances cause interference for selected wavelengths.
- A sound absorber according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that regions (1.1 to 1.N) are formed from at least two different layer regions in the direction of propagation of sound waves within the sound absorber.
- A sound absorber according to claim 18, characterised in that at least one layer region is formed as a loose filling of hollow spheres.
- A sound absorber according to claim 18 or 19, characterised in that the individual layer regions of a region (1.1 to 1.N) have different thicknesses.
- A sound absorber according to any one of claims 18 to 20, characterised in that the individual layer regions are formed from different hollow spheres.
- A sound absorber according to claim 19, characterised in that hollow spheres with different outer diameters, different shell thicknesses, different porosity of the shells and/or different hollowsphere composites are contained in the individual layer regions.
- A sound absorber according to any one of claims 18 to 22, characterised in that sound-reflecting boundary surfaces are provided on layer regions.
- A sound absorber according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that at least one region (1.1 to 1.N) is mechanically post-compacted and/or a surface contour is formed by machining.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE10347226A DE10347226B3 (en) | 2003-10-06 | 2003-10-06 | sound absorber |
PCT/DE2004/002269 WO2005035950A1 (en) | 2003-10-06 | 2004-10-06 | Sound absorber |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP1673521A1 EP1673521A1 (en) | 2006-06-28 |
EP1673521B1 true EP1673521B1 (en) | 2008-08-20 |
Family
ID=34428312
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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EP04789973A Not-in-force EP1673521B1 (en) | 2003-10-06 | 2004-10-06 | Sound absorber |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
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EP (1) | EP1673521B1 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE405730T1 (en) |
DE (2) | DE10347226B3 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2005035950A1 (en) |
Family Cites Families (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE518048C (en) * | 1928-11-30 | 1931-02-11 | Christine Appelt Geb Schwickar | Silencer for internal combustion engines |
US2043731A (en) * | 1936-02-17 | 1936-06-09 | Maxim Silencer Co | Sound attenuating device |
CA1027002A (en) * | 1974-08-30 | 1978-02-28 | Horst W.W. Hehmann | Phased treatment noise suppressor for acoustic duct applications |
DE3440747A1 (en) * | 1984-11-08 | 1986-05-07 | Honeywell-Elac-Nautik Gmbh, 2300 Kiel | Acoustic insulating body, in particular for underwater acoustic systems |
US5777947A (en) * | 1995-03-27 | 1998-07-07 | Georgia Tech Research Corporation | Apparatuses and methods for sound absorption using hollow beads loosely contained in an enclosure |
DE19949271B4 (en) * | 1999-10-12 | 2005-08-18 | Zeuna-Stärker GmbH & Co KG | Silencer for the exhaust system of a driven by an internal combustion engine motor vehicle |
-
2003
- 2003-10-06 DE DE10347226A patent/DE10347226B3/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2004
- 2004-10-06 AT AT04789973T patent/ATE405730T1/en active
- 2004-10-06 DE DE502004007914T patent/DE502004007914D1/en active Active
- 2004-10-06 EP EP04789973A patent/EP1673521B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2004-10-06 WO PCT/DE2004/002269 patent/WO2005035950A1/en active IP Right Grant
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Publication number | Publication date |
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EP1673521A1 (en) | 2006-06-28 |
DE10347226B3 (en) | 2005-05-25 |
DE502004007914D1 (en) | 2008-10-02 |
WO2005035950A1 (en) | 2005-04-21 |
ATE405730T1 (en) | 2008-09-15 |
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