EP1668123A1 - Utilisation de la proteine pks 13 codant pour la condensase d' acides mycoliques des mycobacteries et genres apparentes comme cible d' antibiotiques. - Google Patents
Utilisation de la proteine pks 13 codant pour la condensase d' acides mycoliques des mycobacteries et genres apparentes comme cible d' antibiotiques.Info
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- EP1668123A1 EP1668123A1 EP04787312A EP04787312A EP1668123A1 EP 1668123 A1 EP1668123 A1 EP 1668123A1 EP 04787312 A EP04787312 A EP 04787312A EP 04787312 A EP04787312 A EP 04787312A EP 1668123 A1 EP1668123 A1 EP 1668123A1
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- Prior art keywords
- acyl
- protein
- pksl3
- molecule
- coa
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N9/00—Enzymes; Proenzymes; Compositions thereof; Processes for preparing, activating, inhibiting, separating or purifying enzymes
- C12N9/10—Transferases (2.)
- C12N9/1025—Acyltransferases (2.3)
- C12N9/1029—Acyltransferases (2.3) transferring groups other than amino-acyl groups (2.3.1)
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N2310/00—Structure or type of the nucleic acid
- C12N2310/10—Type of nucleic acid
- C12N2310/11—Antisense
- C12N2310/111—Antisense spanning the whole gene, or a large part of it
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a new enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of mycolic acids, and to its use for the screening of antibiotics, in particular anti-mycobacterials.
- Mycolic acids are long chain fatty acids, ⁇ -al ylés and ⁇ -hydroxylés, present in the form of esters in the cell walls of bacteria of a phylogenetic line particular of actinomycetes, the suborder Corynebacterineae, also called "Mycolatas", including the bacterial genera: Mycobacterium, Corynebacterium, Rhodococcus, Nocardia, Gordona and Tsukamurella.
- mycolatas there are major pathogens, notably the mycobacteria Mycobacteri um tuberculosis, agent of tuberculosis, and Mycoba cterium leprae, agent of leprosy.
- mycolic motif -CHOH-CHR 2 - COOH
- mycolatas The ⁇ and ⁇ chains of mycolic acids vary in length and structure ( Figure 1A), but have a common motif (mycolic motif: -CHOH-CHR 2 - COOH), which suggests that an enzymatic step involved in the formation of this motif is common to all mycolatas.
- the mycolic motif would probably be formed during the Claisen or malonic condensation reaction. However, so far the enzyme responsible for this condensation has not been identified.
- This condensation reaction appears similar to the condensation of acyl-CoA with methylmalonyl-CoA which is involved in the formation of branched polymethyl fatty acids in mycobacteria (MATHUR et al., J. Biol. Chem. 267: 19388-19395 , 1996; SIRAKOVA et al., J. Biol, Chem. 276: 16833-16839, 2001; DUBEY et al., Mol. Microbiol. 45: 1451-1459, 2000), where it is catalyzed by type I polyketide synthases (Pks).
- Pks type I polyketide synthases
- the inventors have hypothesized that the condensation reaction leading to mycolic acids in mycolatas could be catalyzed by a type I Pks having an unusual substrate specificity. To verify this hypothesis, they first sought, from sequences of mycolatas present in the databases, if there existed a Pks common to these bacteria and comprising the functional domains necessary for the condensation reaction, namely: an acyl transferase domain (AT), a ketosynthase domain (KS), a "cyl carrier protein” domain (ACP), and a thioesterase domain (TE). They thus identified in M.
- AT acyl transferase domain
- KS ketosynthase domain
- ACP a "cyl carrier protein” domain
- TE thioesterase domain
- tuberculosis a gene called pksl3 coding for a type I Pks, as well as orthologs of this gene in other mycobacteria, as well as in corynebacteria.
- These proteins have strong sequence similarities (70 to 80% of identity over the entire length of the protein for the different mycobacterial Pksl3 and 40 to 50% of identity between Pksl3 of M. tuberculosis and Pksl3 of C. gl utamicum or C. diphteriae), and also have the above-mentioned domains which are necessary for the condensation reaction and the release of the product.
- Pksl3 proteins will therefore be designated below under the general term “Pksl3”.
- the inventors have further shown that the inactivation of the gene coding for Pksl3 leads to blockage of the synthesis of mycolic acids, and to a loss of bacterial viability. In addition, they produced and purified the Pksl3 protein in recombinant form.
- the results obtained by the inventors show that Pksl3 is the condensase involved in the synthesis of mycolic acids, and that it is a key enzyme in the assembly of the envelope of mycolatas, and essential for the viability of mycobacteria.
- the subject of the present invention is a purified protein, called Pksl3, involved in the biosynthesis of mycolic acids and having the following characteristics: a) it has at least 40% identity, preferably at least 50% identity, and most preferably at least 60% identity over its entire sequence, with the protein Pksl3 from M.
- tuberculosis b) it has an acyl transferase domain (pfam00698), a ketoacylsynthase domain (pfam02801 or pfam00109), at least one acyl carrier protein domain (COG0331 or COG0304,), and a thioesterase domain (COG3319 or pfam00975)
- said protein Pksl3 catalyzes a Claisen condensation between: a) an acyl-CoA molecule of formula I, or an acyl-AMP molecule of formula Ibis: OO
- R 2 is a linear alkane comprising from 10 to 24 carbon atoms; to form a ⁇ -keto acyl intermediate of formula III, or a ⁇ -keto ester of formula Illbis:
- Ri and R 2 are as defined above, and Xi is an acceptor molecule.
- Specific provisions of this embodiment are the following: - said protein Pksl3 catalyzes the formation of a ⁇ -keto acyl of formula III or of ⁇ -keto ester of formula Illbis in which Ri comprises from 6-16 carbon atoms and R 2 comprises from 12 to 16 carbon atoms.
- Said protein can in particular be obtained from the genus Coryneba cterium; - Said protein Pksl3 catalyzes the formation of a ⁇ -keto acyl of formula III or of ⁇ -keto ester of formula Illbis in which R 1 comprises 28-48 carbon atoms and R 2 comprises from 14 to 16 carbon atoms.
- Said protein can in particular be obtained from the genus Gordona; - Said protein Pksl3 catalyzes the formation of a ⁇ -keto acyl of formula III or of ⁇ -keto ester of formula Illbis in which Ri comprises from 42 to 68 carbon atoms and R 2 comprises from 18 to 24 carbon atoms.
- Said protein can in particular be obtained from the genus Mycobacterium; - Said protein Pksl3 catalyzes the formation of a ⁇ -keto acyl of formula III or of ⁇ -keto ester of formula Illbis in which Ri comprises from 24 to 46 carbon atoms and R 2 comprises from 10 to 16 carbon atoms.
- Said protein can in particular be obtained from the genus Nocardia; - Said protein Pksl3 catalyzes the formation of a ⁇ -keto acyl of formula III or of ⁇ -keto ester of formula Illbis in which Ri comprises from 14 to 34 carbon atoms and R 2 comprises from 10 to 16 carbon atoms.
- Said protein can in particular be obtained from the genus Rhodoccocus; - Said protein Pksl3 catalyzes the formation of a ⁇ -keto acyl of formula III or of ⁇ -keto ester of formula Illbis in which R 1 comprises from 40 to 56 carbon atoms and R 2 comprises from 18 to 20 carbon atoms.
- Said protein can in particular be obtained from the genus Tsukamurella.
- said protein Pksl3 has at least 70% identity with the protein Pksl3 of M. tuberculosis (SEQ ID NO: 1).
- said Pksl3 protein has at least 50% identity, preferably at least 60%, and very preferably at least 70% identity with the Pksl3 protein.
- Corynebacterium glutamicum SEQ ID NO: 2.
- the present invention also relates to an expression vector, comprising a polynucleotide sequence coding for a Pksl3 protein according to the invention, as well as a host cell, prokaryotic or eukaryotic, transformed by said expression vector.
- the present invention also relates to a process for the production of a Pksl3 protein according to the invention, characterized in that it comprises the cultivation of a host cell according to the invention, and the purification of the Pksl3 protein from said culture.
- the present invention also relates to a method for inhibiting the biosynthesis of the envelope of mycolatas, characterized in that it comprises the inhibition of the expression or of the activity of the protein Pksl3 in said bacteria. Because of its essential character for viability, and its specificity of action, condensase
- Pksl3 constitutes an excellent potential target for the design of new drugs, in particular new anti-tuberculosis drugs.
- the present invention therefore relates to the use of a Pksl3 condensase according to the invention, for the screening of antibiotics active on mycolatas, and in particular on mycobacteria.
- the present invention will be better understood with the aid of the additional description which follows, which refers to examples illustrating the identification, production, and purification of the Pksl3 condensase, as well as the effects of its inactivation on the viability. mycolatas.
- M. tuberculosis contains 16 Pks of type I among which 9 are also found in M. leprae.
- 7 are already known for their involvement in the biosynthesis of other lipid groups in M. tuberculosis (AZAD et al., J. Biol. Chem. 272: 16741-16745, 1997; CONSTANT et al. , J. Biol. Chem. 277: 38148-38158, 2002).
- ML1229 has the same domain organization as well as strong sequence similarities with the type I Pks of M.
- tuberculosis involved in the biosynthesis of branched polymethyl fatty acids.
- the second candidate is named Pksl3 in M. tuberculosis and ML0101 in M. leprae. Analysis of the deduced sequence of Pksl3 (Accession number NP_338459; 1733 amino acids) of M.
- tuberculosis CDC1551 reveals the presence of the various catalytic domains necessary and sufficient for the catalysis of the Claisen type condensation involved in the formation of acids mycolics: two "Acyl carrier protein” (ACP) domains (amino acids 39 to 107 and 1237 to 1287), a “ketosynthase” (KS) domain (amino acids 119 to 543), an “acyl transferase” (AT) domain ( amino acids 640 to 1045), and a “thioesterase” (TE) domain (amino acids 1464 to 1543).
- ACP Acyl carrier protein
- KS ketosynthase domain
- AT acyl transferase
- TE thioesterase domain
- Pksl3 has also been demonstrated in other bacterial species producing mycolic acids, by amplifying by PCR an internal fragment of 1 kb of pksl3 from the genome of Nocardia asteroids ATCC19243, Rhodococcus rhodochrous ATCC13808 and
- Tsukamurella paurometabolum CIP100753T using the following degenerate primers: pksl3a: 5 '-GCTGGARCTVACVTGGGARGC-3' (SEQ ID NO: 3) pksl3b: 5 '-GTGSGCGTTGGYDCCRAAVCCGAA-3' (SEQ ID NO: 2): , 5 units of Taq polymerase (ROCHE MOLECULAR BIOCHEMICALS), 10% of dimethyl sulfoxide (Me 2 SO), 1 mM of dNTP and 4 ⁇ M of each primer in a final volume of 50 ⁇ l, under the conditions recommended by the supplier (ROCHE MOLECULAR BIOCHEMICALS).
- the amplification program is: 5 min at 94 ° C, then 35 cycles of 1 min at 94 ° C, 1 min at 58 ° C, 1 min 30 sec at 72 ° C, then 1 cycle of 10 min at 72 ° vs.
- the steps at 58 ° C are replaced by steps at 50 ° C.
- the sequences of these fragments have 40% identity over their entire length with the Pksl3 from M. tuberculosis, also suggesting the presence of pksl3 in these bacteria.
- the strain of C. gl utamicum ATCC13032 (DUSCH et al., Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 65: 1530-1539, 1999) is cultured on a BHI medium (DIFCO).
- the M. tuberculosis H37Rv strain is cultured on a Middlebrook 7H9 liquid medium (DIFCO) supplemented with 10% ADC (DIFCO) and 0.05% Tween 80.
- the culture media are supplemented with kanamycin, hygromycin, chloramphenicol and sucrose when necessary at a final concentration of 40 ⁇ g / l, 50 ⁇ g / ml, 15 ⁇ g / ml and 10% (w / v), respectively.
- the total bacterial DNA is extracted from 5 ml of saturated liquid cultures as described in BELISLE et al. , 1998.
- tuberculosis is amplified by PCR from the total DNA of the strain H37Rv and the primers 13Rtb 5 '-GAGGACATATGGCTGACGTAGCGGAATC-3' (SEQ ID NO: 5) and 13Stb 5 '-CGGTGATGTGTACTGTCTGCTGCTGCTGCT -3 '(SEQ ID NO: 6), with 2.5 units of Pfu DNA polymerase (PROMEGA, Lyon, France), 10% of dimethyl sulfoxide (Me 2 SO), and 1 ⁇ M of each primer in a final volume 50 ⁇ l, under the conditions recommended by the supplier (PROMEGA, Lyon, France).
- the amplification program is: 5 min at 94 ° C, then 30 cycles of 1 min at 94 ° C, 1 min at 57 ° C, 5 min at 72 ° C, then 10 min at 72 ° C.
- the amplification product is purified using the Qiaquick kit (QIAGEN, Courtaboeuf, France), then digested with the restriction enzymes NdeI / HindIII.
- the fragment obtained is inserted into the vector pET26b (NOVAGEN), itself cut with the restriction enzymes NdeI / HindIII.
- the resulting plasmid, called pWM35 contains the pks13 gene fused 3 'to the gene with a label formed by 18 nucleotides coding for a sequence of 6 histidines.
- the pksl3 gene of M. tuberculosis is amplified by PCR from the total DNA of the H37Rv strain and the primers 13Rtb 5 '-GAGGACATATGGCTGACGTAGCGGAATC-3' (SEQ ID NO: 5) and 13Ttb 5 '-GCTCGGGGATCCTCACTGCTTGCCTACCT SEQ ID NO: 7), under the same conditions as those described above.
- the amplification product is purified as described above and then digested with the restriction enzymes NdeI / BamHI.
- the fragment obtained is inserted into the vector pET15b (NOVAGEN) previously cut with the restriction enzymes NdeI / BamHI.
- the resulting plasmid, pWM36 has the pksl 3 gene fused 5 'to the gene with an 18-nucleotide tag coding for a sequence of 6 histidines.
- Plasmid pWM38 The pksl 3 gene of C. gl utami cum ATCC13032 is amplified by PCR from the total DNA of this strain and the primers 13Ccg 5'-AATATGACTAGTAGCCAATCGTCGGATCAGAAG- 3 '(SEQ ID NO: 8) and 13Dcg 5'- AGCTCTAGATCTCTAATTCTTCCGAGAAATCTCAT-3 '(SEQ ID NO: 9), under the same conditions as those described above.
- the amplification product is purified as above and then digested with the Spel / BglII restriction enzymes.
- the fragment obtained is inserted into the vector pET15b modified by insertion of a Spel site in place of the Xhol site, then cut with the Spel / BamHI restriction enzymes.
- the resulting plasmid, pWM38 has the pksl3 gene from C. glutami cum fused to a tag of 18 nucleotides 5 'to the gene coding for a sequence of 6 histidines.
- the cells are frozen at -20 ° C for 15 h, then they undergo 3 thaw-freeze cycles in liquid nitrogen. They are then sonicated 3 times for 30 sec (Vibra-cell, BIOBLOCK SCIENTIFIC) (50% active cycle and power output 5), then centrifuged for 30 min at 20,000 g.
- the supernatant is filtered on a microfilter (pore diameter: 0.2 ⁇ m) and then loaded onto a “Chela ting Sepharose Fast Flow” column (AMERSHAM) in FPLC (BIORAD HP duoflow).
- the protein is eluted by gradient of 5 to 150 mM Imidazole with an elution peak at 90 mM.
- the protein-enriched fractions are mixed, concentrated by filtration on centripep 30 (AMICON), and the protein is separated from the residual contaminants by exclusion chromatography (S-200 16/60 mm, AMERSHAM) in FPLC.
- S-200 16/60 mm, AMERSHAM exclusion chromatography
- the culture media are added with kanamycin, hygromycin, chloramphenicol and sucrose when necessary at a final concentration of 40 ⁇ g / ml, 50 ⁇ g / ml, 15 ⁇ g / ml and 10% (w / v), respectively.
- the total bacterial DNA is extracted from 5 ml of saturated liquid culture as described in BELISLE et al. , 1998. The DNA pellet is re-suspended in 100 ⁇ l of 10 mM Tris (pH 8).
- PCR conditions are: 1 unit of Taq polymerase (ROCHE MOLECULAR BIOCHEMICALS), 2 mM MgCl 2 , 0.2 mM dNTP and 0.5 ⁇ M of each primer in a final volume of 50 ⁇ l, in the conditions recommended by the supplier (ROCHE MO
- the amplification program is: 2 min at 94 ° C, then 35 cycles of 1 min at 94 ° C, 30 sec at 54 ° C, 1 min 30 sec at 72 ° C, then 1 cycle of 10 min at 72 ° vs.
- These fragments are inserted into the plasmid pMCS5 (MOBITEC, Gôttingen, Germany).
- a kanamycin resistance cassette is inserted between these two PCR fragments to give the plasmid pCMS5 :: peaks.
- This plasmid is transferred into the C. glutami cum strain and the transformants are selected on an agar medium containing kanamycin.
- Figure 3A schematically shows the genetic structure of the pksl3 locus in the wild type strain (WT) and in the mutant strain ⁇ pksl3 of C. glutami cum.
- WT wild type strain
- ⁇ pksl3 of C. glutami cum the wild type allele of pksl3 present on the chromosome is replaced by a mutated allele containing an internal deletion of 4.3 kb into which the km gene coding for kanamycin is inserted.
- the boxes indicate the various genes of the pks13 locus.
- the location and the name of the primers used for the PCR analysis of the mutant strains are indicated by arrow heads.
- the PCR amplification products expected for the different strains are indicated under each genetic structure.
- the ⁇ pksl3 transformants in which allelic replacement took place between the pksl3 gene wild-type chromosome and the mutated plasmid allele show (1) a change in colony morphology from a smooth, smooth to rough appearance (2) a considerably reduced growth curve (doubling of division time) compared to the wild-type (3) thermosensitivity which makes them incapable of growing at temperatures above 30 ° C unlike the wild type which produces colonies on agar medium up to
- Mutant strain _pJcsl3 pCGL2308 from C. glutamicum
- a complementing plasmid, pCGL2308, is produced by the insertion into the vector pCGL482 (PEYRET et al., Mol. Microbiol. 9: 97-109, 1993) of a fragment of 5 , 3 kb of C. glutamicum, comprising the pksl3 gene and the region of 417 bp upstream of this gene, obtained by PCR from the total DNA of C.
- the resulting plasmid pCGL2308 is transferred by electroporation into the ⁇ pksl3 strain of C. glutamicum and the ⁇ pksl3 transformants : pCGL2308 are selected on agar medium containing kanamycin.
- the transformants 4pJcs23: pCGL2308 have a bright and smooth morphology, an intermediate growth rate between the wild strain and the mutant strain, an inability to grow at temperatures above 32 ° C (while the wild strain grows at 37 ° C) , as well as a much lower mycolic acid content than that of the wild strain. It therefore appears that complementation with the plasmid induces a partial reversion to the wild-type phenotype.
- the PCR conditions are: 3 units of Pfu polymerase (PROMEGA, Lyon, France), 10% of dimethyl sulfoxide (Me 2 SO), 1 mM dNTP and 1 ⁇ M of each primer in a final volume of 50 ⁇ l, under the conditions recommended by the supplier (PROMEGA, Lyon, France).
- the amplification program is: 5 min at 94 ° C, then 30 cycles of 1 min at 94 ° C, 1 min at 58 ° C, 3 min at 72 ° C, then 1 cycle of 10 min at 72 ° C. These fragments are inserted into the plasmid pJQ200 (QUANDT et al., Gene 127: 15-21, 1993).
- a hygromycin resistance cassette is inserted between these two PCR fragments to give the plasmid pDP28.
- This non-replicating plasmid containing the sacB marker and a copy of the mutated allele pksl3:: hyg is transferred into the M. smegma strain strain by electroporation and the transformants are selected on agar medium containing hygromycin.
- the transformants having integrated the plasmid pDP28 by simple recombination between the wild type and mutated copies of the pksl3 gene are characterized by PCR using the following primers: 13J: 5'-CTTCCACGACATGGTCTGAT-3 '(SEQ ID NO: 26) 13K: 5 '-CACGATCGAGTCGAGCTCGA-3' (SEQ ID NO: 27) Hl: 5'-AGCACCAGCGGTTCGCCGT-3 '(SEQ ID NO: 28) H2: 5'-TGCACGACTTCGAGGTGTTCG-3' (SEQ ID NO: 29)
- the PCR conditions are : 2.5 units of Taq polymerase (ROCHE MOLECULAR BIOCHEMICALS), 10% of dimethyl sulfoxide (Me 2 SO), 1 mM of dNTP and 1 ⁇ M of each primer in a final volume of 50 ⁇ l, under the conditions recommended by the supplier (ROC MOLECULAR BIOCHEMICALS).
- the amplification program is: 5 min at 94 ° C, then 30 cycles of 1 min at 94 ° C, 1 min at 62 ° C, 2 min 30 sec at 72 ° C, then 1 cycle of 10 min at 72 ° C.
- a strain called PMM47 of M. smegma tis is selected, in which the plasmid pDP28 is inserted at the locus pksl3 by simple recombination.
- the pksl3 gene is amplified by PCR from the total DNA of M. smegma tis using the primers 13R 5'-ATGAGATCTGATGAAAACCACAGCGAT-3 '( SEQ ID NO: 30) and 13P 5'-GGACTAGTCTTGGCGACGGCCTTCTCAC-3 '(SEQ ID NO: 31).
- the PCR conditions are: 3 units of Pfu DNA polymerase (PROMEGA, Lyon, France), 10% of dimethyl sulfoxide (Me 2 SO), 1 mM of DNTP, and 1 ⁇ M of each primer in a final volume of 50 ⁇ l , under the conditions recommended by the supplier (PROMEGA, Lyon, France).
- the amplification program is: 5 min at 94 ° C, then 30 cycles of 1 min at 94 ° C, 1 min at 58 ° C, 5 min at 72 ° C, then 10 min at 72 ° C.
- the pksl3 gene is inserted into a thermosensitive mycobacterial plasmid derived from plasmid pCG63 (GUILHOT et al., FEMS Microbiol.
- PCR conditions are: 2.5 units of Taq polymerase (ROCHE MOLECULAR BIOCHEMICALS), 10% of dimethyl sulfoxide (Me 2 SO), 1 mM of dNTP and 1 ⁇ M of each primer in a final volume of 50 ⁇ l, under the conditions recommended by the supplier (ROCHE MOLECULAR BIOCHEMICALS).
- FIG. 4A schematically shows the genetic structure of the pksl3 locus obtained during the construction of the conditional mutant PMM48: pDP32 of M. smegma tis.
- the boxes indicate the different genes of the pksl3 locus.
- the location and the names of the primers used for the PCR analysis of the mutant strains are indicated by arrow heads.
- the PCR amplification products expected for the different strains are indicated under each genetic structure.
- Figure 4B presents the results of PCR analysis of the conditional mutant PMM48: pDP32 of M. smegma tis and its parental strains PMM47 and me 2 155 (T). Using these conditions, 8% of the selected colonies Hyg R , Km R , Suc R are the result of an allelic exchange; the other clones being the result of a mutation in the sa cB gene.
- Biochemical analysis of the ⁇ pksl3 mutants of C grlufcamictim and PMM48: pDP32 of M. smegmatis Analysis protocol The strains of C. glutami cum are cultured until the exponential phase and labeled with acetate [ 14 C] 0.5 ⁇ Ci / ml (specific activity of 54 mCi / mol; ICN, Orsay, France) for 3 h.
- PMM48 pDP32 and the wild type strain mc 2 155 are cultured at 30 ° C.
- Results ⁇ pksl3 and ⁇ pksl3 mutants pCG 230Q of c - glutami cum
- Figure 3C illustrates the result of the analysis of the fatty acids released after saponification from the wild type strain (WT) and of the mutants ⁇ pksl3 and ⁇ pksl 3: PCGL2308 from C. glutamicum. Analysis by thin layer chromatography of these products reveals that the spots corresponding to mycolic acids or palmitone, a degradation product of the ⁇ -keto acyl intermediate resulting from the condensation reaction, are no longer detectable in mutants . This observation is confirmed by analysis in GC-MS which demonstrates that the ⁇ pksl3 mutant of C.
- glutamicum no longer synthesizes mycolic acids but produces a similar amount of fatty acids C16-C18, the precursor of mycolate, as that of the wild type strain (data not shown).
- This production of mycolic acids is partially restored following the transfer into the mutant strain ⁇ pksl3 of a plasmid carrying the functional pksl3 gene from C. glutamicum; which demonstrates that these phenotypes are actually due to the deletion of pksl3.
- the partial restoration suggests either that the expression of pksl3 by the plasmid is not of the same level as that in the wild-type strain, or that the chromosomal insertion of the kanamycin cassette exerts a polar effect on the expression of the gene.
- PMM48 mutant pDP32 of M. smegma tis
- Figure 4D illustrates the result of the analysis of the fatty acids released after saponification from the wild-type strain of M. smegma tis and the conditional mutant PMM48: pDP32, after growth at temperature permissive (30 ° C) or non-permissive (42 ° C).
- the mycolates / short-chain fatty acids ratio is quantified for the PMM48: pDP32 mutant and divided by that obtained for the wild-type strain cultivated under the same conditions.
- the graph shows that after transfer at 42 ° C, the average mycolate content in the PMM48: pDP32 mutant is reduced by more than 60%.
- Pksl3 Screening of xenobiotics inhibiting condensation by Pksl3, directly or indirectly As illustrated in FIG. 5, Pksl3 allows the condensation of two substrates, which themselves result from two independent reactions. The absence of mycolic acids in mycolatas can therefore result from the inhibition of Pksl3 and / or the inhibition of FadD32, and / or the inhibition of the carboxylase complex in which the AccD4 protein intervenes.
- Several tests make it possible to screen the action of a xenobiotic on the synthesis of mycolic acids by mycolatas.
- the transformants ⁇ pksl3 in which the pksl3 gene has been inactivated show a change in colony morphology, which changes from a smooth glossy appearance to a rough appearance.
- C. glutamicum bacteria in which the accD4 or fadD32 gene is mutated see Figure 6.
- a first test to determine the impact of a xenobiotic on the synthesis of mycolic acids therefore consists in spreading mycolatas capable of surviving without producing mycolic acids, for example bacteria C. glutamicum (for example, the strain ATCC13032), on an agar culture medium containing the xenobiotic to be tested. Visual observation of the colonies obtained makes it possible to identify potential antibiotics.
- Another test consists of growing C. glutami cum bacteria in a liquid medium, as described above, in. presence or absence of the xenobiotic to be tested.
- Acetate [ 14 C] 0.5 ⁇ Ci / ml (specific activity of 54 mCi / mmol; ICN, Orsay, France) is added during the exponential growth phase, for at least 3 hours, before carrying out the analysis biochemical of fatty acids contained in bacteria by thin layer chromatography, as described above and in Portevin et al, PNAS 2004, Vol.101, p314-319 (see in particular the first paragraph on page 316).
- a second step of analysis is necessary to more precisely determine the target of a xenobiotic inhibiting the synthesis of mycolic acids, that is to say to determine s 'it acts on Pksl3 or on an enzyme involved in the activation of one of its substrates. This can be done by analyzing the fatty acids present in C. glutamicum bacteria grown in the presence of the xenobiotic (candidate antibiotic), for example by gas chromatography followed by mass spectrometry (GC-MS).
- GC-MS mass spectrometry
- methyl esters of fatty acids can be obtained by saponification of the cells, followed by methylation with diazomethane, as described by Laval et al (Annal. Chem., 2001, Vol. 73, p. 4537- 4544). They are then fractionated on a Florisil column irrigated with petroleum ether containing 0, 1, 2, 3 and 100% diethyl ether. The methyl esters of polar fatty acids are contained in the last eluted fraction. Alternatively, it is possible to obtain trimethylsilylated derivatives by the method described by Constant et al (J. Biol. Chem. 2002, Vol. 277, p. 38148-38158).
- the analyzes by gas chromatography and by gas chromatography followed by mass spectrometry can be carried out as described by Portevin et al (PNAS 2004, supra). These analyzes of the fatty acid content of bacteria cultivated in the presence and in the absence of the xenobiotic inhibiting the synthesis of mycolic acids make it possible to determine whether the xenobiotic acts on Pksl3 or FadD32, or on the acyl carboxylase containing AccD4. The inhibition of condensation by Pksl3 or of the formation of acyl-AMP by FadD32 leads to the accumulation of intermediates resulting from carboxylation by acyl-CoA carboxylase, such as tetradecylmalonic acid.
- a test can be carried out by purifying the FadD32 protein and by measuring the formation of acyl-AMP in vi tro, as described by Trivedi et al,
- glutamicum whose accD4 gene or fadD32 gene has been mutated, makes it possible to determine whether the inhibition of the synthesis of mycolic acids by xenobiotic is linked to its action on Pksl3, or on an enzyme located upstream in the biosynthesis of mycolic acids.
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- Preparation Of Compounds By Using Micro-Organisms (AREA)
- Enzymes And Modification Thereof (AREA)
- Measuring Or Testing Involving Enzymes Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)
- Peptides Or Proteins (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR0310470A FR2859481B1 (fr) | 2003-09-04 | 2003-09-04 | Utilisation de la proteine pks 13 codant pour la codensase des acides mycoliques des mycobacteries et genres apparentes comme cible d'antibiotiques |
| PCT/FR2004/002257 WO2005024007A1 (fr) | 2003-09-04 | 2004-09-06 | Utilisation de la proteine pks 13 codant pour la condensase des acides mycoliques des mycobacteries et genres apparentes comme cible d'antibiotiques |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1668123A1 true EP1668123A1 (fr) | 2006-06-14 |
Family
ID=34178790
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP04787312A Ceased EP1668123A1 (fr) | 2003-09-04 | 2004-09-06 | Utilisation de la proteine pks 13 codant pour la condensase d' acides mycoliques des mycobacteries et genres apparentes comme cible d' antibiotiques. |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (2) | US20070196889A1 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP1668123A1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR2859481B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2005024007A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP1795608A1 (fr) * | 2005-12-08 | 2007-06-13 | Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique | Utilisation de transférase de 4'-phosphopantéthinyle en tant que cible pour l'identification de molécules antibiotiques |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20030236393A1 (en) * | 2002-03-22 | 2003-12-25 | United States Of America Dept Of Vetrans Affairs | Virulence genes of M. marinum and M. tuberculosis |
-
2003
- 2003-09-04 FR FR0310470A patent/FR2859481B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2004
- 2004-09-06 US US10/570,661 patent/US20070196889A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2004-09-06 EP EP04787312A patent/EP1668123A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2004-09-06 WO PCT/FR2004/002257 patent/WO2005024007A1/fr not_active Ceased
-
2008
- 2008-09-29 US US12/240,469 patent/US20100267112A1/en not_active Abandoned
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| CHALUT C. ET AL, PROC.NATL.ACAD.SCI.USA, vol. 103, no. 22, 30 May 2006 (2006-05-30), pages 8511 - 8516 * |
| See also references of WO2005024007A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2005024007A8 (fr) | 2005-05-20 |
| WO2005024007A1 (fr) | 2005-03-17 |
| US20100267112A1 (en) | 2010-10-21 |
| FR2859481B1 (fr) | 2006-03-03 |
| FR2859481A1 (fr) | 2005-03-11 |
| US20070196889A1 (en) | 2007-08-23 |
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