EP1663635B1 - Kreppschaber - Google Patents

Kreppschaber Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1663635B1
EP1663635B1 EP04764897A EP04764897A EP1663635B1 EP 1663635 B1 EP1663635 B1 EP 1663635B1 EP 04764897 A EP04764897 A EP 04764897A EP 04764897 A EP04764897 A EP 04764897A EP 1663635 B1 EP1663635 B1 EP 1663635B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
blade
ceramic
creping
top layer
titania
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Active
Application number
EP04764897A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP1663635A1 (de
Inventor
Silvano Freti
Jean Francois Laithier
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
BTG Eclepens SA
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BTG Eclepens SA
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Filing date
Publication date
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Priority claimed from SE0302400A external-priority patent/SE0302400D0/xx
Application filed by BTG Eclepens SA filed Critical BTG Eclepens SA
Publication of EP1663635A1 publication Critical patent/EP1663635A1/de
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B31—MAKING ARTICLES OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER; WORKING PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER
    • B31F—MECHANICAL WORKING OR DEFORMATION OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER
    • B31F1/00—Mechanical deformation without removing material, e.g. in combination with laminating
    • B31F1/12—Crêping
    • B31F1/14—Crêping by doctor blades arranged crosswise to the web
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B31—MAKING ARTICLES OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER; WORKING PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER
    • B31F—MECHANICAL WORKING OR DEFORMATION OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER
    • B31F1/00—Mechanical deformation without removing material, e.g. in combination with laminating
    • B31F1/12—Crêping
    • B31F1/14—Crêping by doctor blades arranged crosswise to the web
    • B31F1/145—Blade constructions
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B31—MAKING ARTICLES OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER; WORKING PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER
    • B31F—MECHANICAL WORKING OR DEFORMATION OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER
    • B31F1/00—Mechanical deformation without removing material, e.g. in combination with laminating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B31—MAKING ARTICLES OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER; WORKING PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER
    • B31F—MECHANICAL WORKING OR DEFORMATION OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER
    • B31F1/00—Mechanical deformation without removing material, e.g. in combination with laminating
    • B31F1/20—Corrugating; Corrugating combined with laminating to other layers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B31—MAKING ARTICLES OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER; WORKING PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER
    • B31F—MECHANICAL WORKING OR DEFORMATION OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER
    • B31F1/00—Mechanical deformation without removing material, e.g. in combination with laminating
    • B31F1/20—Corrugating; Corrugating combined with laminating to other layers
    • B31F1/24—Making webs in which the channel of each corrugation is transverse to the web feed
    • B31F1/26—Making webs in which the channel of each corrugation is transverse to the web feed by interengaging toothed cylinders cylinder constructions
    • B31F1/28—Making webs in which the channel of each corrugation is transverse to the web feed by interengaging toothed cylinders cylinder constructions combined with uniting the corrugated webs to flat webs ; Making double-faced corrugated cardboard

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to blades for creping. More particularly, the present invention relates to creping blades provided with a ceramic coating and a method of manufacturing such blades.
  • Creping doctor blades are commonly used in the production of tissue.
  • the blades have the function of detaching a paper web from a rigid, hot dryer cylinder (often called a Yankee dryer) and at the same time exert a compressive action on the web thereby creating the typical crepe structure of a tissue product.
  • Creping blades are subjected to wear for different reasons. First there is sliding wear against the dryer, and second there is impact wear due to the web hitting the blade during creping. It has been found that the progressive wear of the creping blade is directly related to unwanted evolution of the tissue properties, such as changes in bulk and softness. Practical experience, after having reviewed many tissue mills, has shown that the best properties of the tissue are obtained only with a new blade. For steel blades, this period of good properties could be as short as one reel only.
  • tissue makers are specifying ranges of properties which are said to be acceptable. Nevertheless, there would be a high industrial demand for the tissue quality reached in the very first part of the first reel after a blade change.
  • the creping blade is changed for a new one, obtaining again the desirable characteristics but which are rapidly decreasing.
  • steel blades of grade type such as AISI 1074 in quenched and tempered states are used. Such blades generally show rapid wear and consequently rapid changes in tissue quality, as well as possible micro-welding issues with the dryer surface and a so-called hot waving behavior.
  • US patent 3,688,336 explain the possibility to add a wear resistant material at the blade tip by a suitable method of the thermal spraying type. The desire to avoid chipping of the wear resistant material was recognized.
  • the referenced US patent proposes the solution to use a groove at the blade tip and a break-in space between the wear resistant material in the groove and the leading edge of the blade.
  • GB 2,128,551 discloses a multipurpose scraper which may be used as a creping blade, having an edge coated by thermal spraying in many passes with a wear resistant material from the ceramic or metal carbide families. More specifically, alumina-titania is presented. Focus is further made on flexibility and again is the need for minimum brittleness emphasized.
  • One object of the present invention is therefore to provide a creping blade having a thermally sprayed ceramic tip, which blade does not present the macrochips limitations explained above, thereby avoiding the large fluctuations in blade lifetime.
  • a second object of the invention is to provide a blade that is more resistant to microchips when used on high quality tissue, such as facial tissue, allowing for the tissue properties to be maintained within the desired range for a longer period of time, i.e. an extension of the blade lifetime.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a blade which is compatible with various types of Yankee dryer surfaces, e.g. both cast iron and metallisations, without premature wear of the dryer surface or material transfer from the dryer surface to the sliding contact of the blade due to microwelding.
  • Yet another object is to provide a very low sliding wear rate of the creping blade in order to maintain the scraping efficiency of the blade as constant as possible for a prolonged period of time.
  • the ceramic material covers the blade substrate at least over the section thereof adapted for contact with the dryer cylinder (the working edge or leading edge), as well as the section thereof upon which the web impacts during creping.
  • the ceramic top layer forms both a working edge adapted for contact with the surface of a dryer cylinder, and a web impact area upon which the web impacts during creping.
  • Blades tipped with thermally sprayed chromia-titania with a titania-content of up to 25% by weight have been found to be suited for all creping requirements described above, as will be elucidated in the summary and various examples that follow.
  • the ceramic coating on the blade tip is chromia-titania (Cr 2 O 3 /TiO 2 ) with 5% to 25% by weight titania (TiO 2 ), more preferably 5% to 15% by weight titania (TiO 2 ), and most preferably with 10% to 15% titania.
  • titania to the ceramic composition also provides improved toughness, thereby facilitating coiling of the blades during, or subsequent to, manufacture. It has been found that delamination could occur between the ceramic deposit and the blade substrate when coiling the blade if the toughness of the ceramic deposit is too low.
  • the chromia-titania ceramic deposit according to the present invention is preferably a single phase coating without any lamella of titania in the coating microstructure. It is believed that this fact adds to the wear resistance of the coating. In a multiphase material, each phase generally behaves differently to wear, leading to roughening of the creping surface and an increased risk of web breakage. This becomes particularly important for low grammage tissue.
  • the use of a single phase ceramic top layer according to the present invention provides uniform wear, leading to a smooth surface over the entire lifetime of the creping blade.
  • the coating is applied by thermal spraying from a spraying powder comprised of substantially single phase particles.
  • the raw material for the thermal spraying process is not a, simple mix of chromia particles and titania particles, but rather a powder in which each particle already has the desired content of chromia and titania.
  • chromia-titania where the titania content is in the range from 5% to 25%, most preferably from 10% to 15%.
  • FIG 1 illustrates the use of a prior art creping blade and shows the situation for a newly installed steel blade.
  • the creping blade 2 is shown in engagement with the surface of a dryer cylinder 1.
  • the dryer moves according to the arrow a, transporting paper web 3 and a coating chemical layer 4 up to the working edge 5 of the blade 2.
  • the paper web 3 hits the surface 11 of the blade at a point 6 near the edge 5 thereof, and the web 3 is thereby compressed and changes direction in the form of a creped tissue 7.
  • the coating chemical layer 4 is partially scraped off by the working edge 5 of the creping blade, but some material of this chemical layer 8 remains on the surface of the dryer 1. If the degree of adhesion between the web and the cylinder surface is very high, then point 6 corresponding to the web impact area upon the creping blade can be very close to the working edge 5 or even superimposed.
  • FIG. 2 again illustrates the use of the prior art creping blade, but now after a working time of t1.
  • figure 2 shows the situation for a worn prior art creping blade 2 due to sliding against the dryer surface.
  • the working edge 5 as shown in figure 1 is now replaced by a sliding surface 5'.
  • the impact wear located in the area 6 has created a groove on the surface 11 of the blade. Due to the usual constant linear load applied to the blade tip, the development of the sliding surface 5' will , directly decrease the scraping efficiency of the blade 2, whereby the amount of residual chemical layer 8 will increase over time.
  • Figure 3 illustrates the use of a creping blade 2 according to the present invention and shows the situation for a newly installed blade.
  • the blade is in contact with the dryer surface at the edge 5.
  • the wear-resistant chromia-titania layer is represented by the darker area 9 in the figure.
  • the prebevel given to the steel substrate causes the ceramic coating to have a wedge shape as indicated by the darker area 9 in the figure.
  • FIG 4 again illustrates the use of a creping blade 2 according to the present invention, but now after a working time of t1 (similar working time as shown in figure 2 for the prior art steel blade).
  • figure 4 shows the situation for a worn creping blade according to the present invention.
  • the sliding wear rate is much lower compared to the situation for the prior art blade shown in figure 2 , and the sliding bevel 5' is so small that it is practically similar to an edge.
  • the scraping efficiency of the inventive blade is only slightly lower compared to a newly installed blade, and the residual amount 8 of the coating chemical layer 4 has only increased by a small amount.
  • the first type was a blade according to the present invention, having a ceramic top coating of chromia-titania with 15% titania content.
  • the second type, labeled B was a prior art ceramic tipped blade with an alumina-based material for the ceramic coating.
  • the third type, labeled C was a prior art metal carbide blade.
  • Blade A (the blade according to the present invention) was run for 19 hrs and was not at the end of its lifetime.
  • Blade B was run for 11 hrs and was removed due to 2 chips occurring.
  • Blade C was run for 20 hrs and was at the end of its lifetime.
  • Figure 5 represents an EDX (Energy Dispersive X-ray) spectrum made on the sliding bevel of blade A after 19, hrs running time. No peaks are found related to the material of the Curemate-78 surface (W-Co-Cr). The peaks from Cr, Ti and O are related to the ceramic composition of the creping blade coating, and the peak from Au is due to gold sputtering of the sample.
  • EDX Electronic Dispersive X-ray
  • Figure 6 represents an EDX spectrum made on the sliding bevel of blade B after 11 hrs running time. Again, no peaks are found related to the material of the Curemate-78 surface. The peaks from Al, Zr and O are related to the ceramic composition of the creping blade coating, and the peak from Au is due to gold sputtering of the sample.
  • Figure 7 represents an EDX spectrum made on the sliding bevel of blade C after 20 hrs running time.
  • the blade material is WC-Co without any Cr content.
  • a small but clearly visible Cr peak in this spectrum is related to the material of the Curemate-78 surface of the Yankee (W-Co-Cr). Although not quantitative, this is a sign of friction/microwelding interaction between the material of the blade and that of the Yankee dryer surface.
  • figure 8 is a SEM view of a macrochip that occurred on blade B.
  • the failure of the ceramic created a line defect on the tissue web, which is unacceptable and therefore lead to a blade change.
  • the state of the art ceramic tipped blade (blade B) is sensitive to macrochips.
  • the state of the-art metal carbide tipped blade (blade C) is not particularly sensitive to macrochips but show signs of unwanted interaction with the dryer Curemate-78 surface.
  • the blade according to the present invention (blade A) combines the benefits of the two state of the art blades.
  • the ceramic blades currently used on this machine exhibits a very large variation in blade lifetime, ranging from 1 hour up to over 100 hours.
  • the lifetime of the currently used alumina-based ceramic tipped blades is limited mainly by chipping problems, and the average lifetime is about 50 hours.
  • the lifetime of the ten blades according to the present invention tested on this machine were (in hours) 77-116-60-142-76-50-65-109-44-124, with an average of 86 hours and a minimum lifetime of 44 hours. Change of blade was in this case dictated by a change in paper grade, and not by chipping problems.
  • FIG. 9 represents an SEM view of the edge of that blade.
  • the sliding wear path indicated by the arrow in the figure, was found to have a width of 550 ⁇ m.
  • Figure 10 represents a similar SEM view, but of the creping blade according to the present invention after a running time of 142 hours on this machine.
  • the sliding wear path indicated by the arrow in the figure, was found to have a width of 150 ⁇ m. This should be compared to the result evidenced by figure 9 for the state of the art blade for a similar running time on the same machine.
  • the lower sliding wear path obtained for the inventive blade compared to the state of the art blades (150 ⁇ m compared to 550 ⁇ m) will ensure a more uniform scraping efficiency of the coating chemicals over time, and therefore also a more constant creping process.
  • Example 2 In the tissue machine of Example 2 above, tests were performed (under the same running conditions as outlined in Example 2 above) in order to inspect the wear pattern of the worn blades. A comparison was made between alumina-zirconia ceramic tipped blades of the prior art and chromia-titania ceramic tipped blades according to the present invention. Inspection of the worn blades was made by scanning electron microscopy (SEM).
  • SEM scanning electron microscopy
  • Figure 12 shows a SEM view of the wear pattern created by running web on a state of the art alumina-zirconia ceramic tipped blade after a running time of 28 hrs.
  • Figure 13 shows a view similar to that shown in figure 12 , but now after a running time of 131 hrs.
  • Figure 14 shows again a view similar to figures 12 and 13 , but now for a blade according to the present invention.
  • the blade shown in figure 14 has a ceramic coating of chromia with 15% by weight titania.
  • the wear pattern shown in figure 14 was created after a running, time of 116 hrs.
  • FIGS 12 to 14 which all have the same magnification, clearly show that the wear of a multiphase material such as alumina with 40% by weight zirconia leads to a quite rough wear pattern, while the use of a. single phase material according to the invention (chromia with 15% by weight titania) gives a very smooth impact wear pattern on the blade. This difference in impact wear pattern can explain why the use of a ceramic tipped blade according to the present invention leads to a decrease in the frequency of web breaks compared to a prior art multiphase ceramic material.
  • a multiphase material such as alumina with 40% by weight zirconia leads to a quite rough wear pattern
  • chromia with 15% by weight titania gives a very smooth impact wear pattern on the blade.
  • This difference in impact wear pattern can explain why the use of a ceramic tipped blade according to the present invention leads to a decrease in the frequency of web breaks compared to a prior art multiphase ceramic material.
  • the blade according to the invention has a ceramic top layer covering the working edge of the blade, as well as the surface upon which the web impacts during creping.
  • the ceramic top layer is a ceramic composition comprising chromia-titania.
  • the ceramic composition of the top layer comprises chromia-titania, with a titania content of 5% to 25% by weight, and most preferably from 10% to 15% titania.
  • the blade according to the present invention leads to lower sliding wear at the working edge of the blade, which in turn gives a more uniform scraping efficiency.
  • the ceramic top layer of the blade according to the present invention is comprised of a single phase composition, leading to a comparatively uniform impact wear at the areas where the web impacts the creping blade. This, in turn, has the advantage that the creping process is more constant over time and that the occurrence of web breaks is drastically reduced.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Paper (AREA)
  • Coating By Spraying Or Casting (AREA)
  • Polishing Bodies And Polishing Tools (AREA)

Claims (15)

  1. Kreppschaber zum Kreppen einer Papierbahn aus einer Oberfläche, enthaltend ein Stahlsubstrat, das von einer thermisch aufgespritzten keramischen Deckschicht bedeckt ist, die sowohl eine Arbeitskante, die für den Kontakt mit der Oberfläche eingerichtet ist, als auch einen Bahnauftreffbereich ausbildet, auf den die Bahn während des Kreppens auftrifft, wobei die keramische Zusammensetzung der keramischen Deckschicht sowohl Chromoxid (Cr2O3) als auch Titanoxid (TiO2) enthält und der Gehalt des Titanoxids bis zu 25 Gew.-% beträgt.
  2. Schaber nach Anspruch 1, bei dem der Gehalt des Titanoxids in der Zusammensetzung der keramischen Deckschicht 5 bis 25 Gew.-% beträgt.
  3. Schaber nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, bei dem die keramische Deckschicht einen Titanoxidgehalt im Bereich von 5 bis 15 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise im Bereich von 10 bis 15 Gew.-% hat.
  4. Schaber nach einen der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, bei dem die Dicke der keramischen Deckschicht am Kantenabschnitt des Schabers im Bereich von 150 bis 300 µm, vorzugsweise von 200 bis 300 µm liegt.
  5. Schaber nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, weiterhin enthaltend eine Klebebeschichtung zwischen dem Stahlsubstrat und der keramischen Deckschicht.
  6. Schaber nach Anspruch 5, bei dem die Klebebeschichtung Ni-Cr enthält.
  7. Schaber nach Anspruch 5 oder 6, bei dem die Klebebeschichtung eine Dicke zwischen 10 und 50 µm hat.
  8. Schaber nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, bei dem das Stahlsubstrat eine Neigung in einem Winkel von bis zu 10 Grad hat, auf das die keramische Deckschicht abgeschieden ist.
  9. Schaber nach Anspruch 8, bei dem die Neigung einen Winkel von 4 bis 8 Grad hat.
  10. Schaber nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, bei dem das Stahlsubstrat eine Dicke im Bereich von 0,635 bis 1,250 mm hat.
  11. Schaber nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, bei dem das Stahlsubstrat eine Breite im Bereich von 50 bis 150 mm, vorzugsweise im Bereich von 75 bis 120 mm hat.
  12. Schaber nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, bei dem die keramische Deckschicht ein einphasiges keramisches Material ist.
  13. Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Schabers zum Kreppen einer Papierbahn aus einer Oberfläche, enthaltend folgende Schritte:
    Aufbringen einer keramischen Deckschicht auf ein Stahlsubstrat durch thermisches Spritzen, so dass die keramische Deckschicht sowohl eine Arbeitskante, die dazu eingerichtet ist, die Oberfläche zu berühren, als auch einen Bahnauftreffbereich ausbildet, auf den die Bahn während des Kreppens auftrifft,
    wobei die keramische Deckschicht so beschaffen ist, dass sie Chromoxid und Titanoxid enthält und der Gehalt des Titanoxids bis zu 25 Gew.-% beträgt.
  14. Verfahren nach Anspruch 13, weiterhin umfassend den Schritt des Aufbringens einer Klebebeschichtung auf dem Stahlsubstrat vor dem Aufbringen der keramischen Deckschicht.
  15. Verfahren nach Anspruch 13 oder 14, bei dem die keramische Deckschicht durch thermisches Spritzen aus einem Spritzpulver aufgebracht wird, das einphasige Partikel enthält, so dass eine einphasige Deckschicht ausgebildet wird.
EP04764897A 2003-09-08 2004-09-07 Kreppschaber Active EP1663635B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SE0302400A SE0302400D0 (sv) 2003-09-08 2003-09-08 Creping blade
US10/807,397 US7244340B2 (en) 2003-09-08 2004-03-24 Creping blade
PCT/EP2004/009954 WO2005023533A1 (en) 2003-09-08 2004-09-07 Creping blade

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1663635A1 EP1663635A1 (de) 2006-06-07
EP1663635B1 true EP1663635B1 (de) 2009-10-21

Family

ID=34277855

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP04764897A Active EP1663635B1 (de) 2003-09-08 2004-09-07 Kreppschaber

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EP (1) EP1663635B1 (de)
KR (1) KR20060073615A (de)
WO (1) WO2005023533A1 (de)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2007003332A1 (en) * 2005-07-01 2007-01-11 BTG Eclépens S.A. Improved coating blade
EP1878565A1 (de) * 2006-07-13 2008-01-16 BTG Eclépens S.A. Kreppschaber
KR100787614B1 (ko) * 2007-04-30 2007-12-21 한국기계연구원 크레핑 블레이드 및 이의 제조방법
CN108532352B (zh) 2018-03-26 2024-03-29 赣州恩创科技有限公司 一种起皱刀及其制备方法

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
SE437683B (sv) * 1982-10-13 1985-03-11 Inventing Ab Schaber eller rakel - anliggande mot valsen - vid exv tryck-, ferg-, eller kreppning
SE506563C2 (sv) * 1996-05-02 1998-01-12 Btg Eclepens Sa Kräppningsblad
FI111343B (fi) * 1998-06-09 2003-07-15 Metso Paper Inc Kaavinterä ja terän pidin

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2005023533A1 (en) 2005-03-17
KR20060073615A (ko) 2006-06-28
EP1663635A1 (de) 2006-06-07
WO2005023533A8 (en) 2007-04-05

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