EP1661974A1 - Method of manufacturing candles - Google Patents

Method of manufacturing candles Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1661974A1
EP1661974A1 EP05018630A EP05018630A EP1661974A1 EP 1661974 A1 EP1661974 A1 EP 1661974A1 EP 05018630 A EP05018630 A EP 05018630A EP 05018630 A EP05018630 A EP 05018630A EP 1661974 A1 EP1661974 A1 EP 1661974A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
twin
screw extruder
wax
mass
optionally
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Granted
Application number
EP05018630A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1661974B1 (en
Inventor
Dieter Thewes
Heinrich Lohmann
Stefan Feige
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Reifenhaeuser GmbH and Co KG Maschinenenfabrik
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Reifenhaeuser GmbH and Co KG Maschinenenfabrik
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Priority to SI200530301T priority Critical patent/SI1661974T1/en
Priority to PL05018630T priority patent/PL1661974T3/en
Publication of EP1661974A1 publication Critical patent/EP1661974A1/en
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11C—FATTY ACIDS FROM FATS, OILS OR WAXES; CANDLES; FATS, OILS OR FATTY ACIDS BY CHEMICAL MODIFICATION OF FATS, OILS, OR FATTY ACIDS OBTAINED THEREFROM
    • C11C5/00—Candles
    • C11C5/02—Apparatus for preparation thereof
    • C11C5/026—Apparatus for preparation thereof by a continuous process, e.g. by extrusion by conveying a melt together with the wick through a solidification zone

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for producing candles by extrusion of a wax mass and optionally other auxiliaries and additives to rod-shaped blanks, which are subsequently cut to a desired length dimension.
  • a wick In the manufacture of candles, a wick is provided with a surrounding solid fuel mass, being used as raw materials for the fuel mass paraffin, stearin, beeswax or mixtures of these waxes.
  • a surrounding solid fuel mass being used as raw materials for the fuel mass paraffin, stearin, beeswax or mixtures of these waxes.
  • wick line run on two drums of about 1.5 m diameter at a distance of 4 to more than 10 m
  • the lower wick section is passed through a wax bath, cooled in the upper return, in turn wax absorbs, until the desired strand thickness is reached.
  • the finished candle string is then supplied via a trigger device of a cutting device for denomination in the desired candle length, with continuous driving performance of more than 10,000 candles per hour can be achieved.
  • the wax mixture is pressed in powder, chip or granular form in an extruder with the wick to an endless strand and then cut to length or the granules are press-formed in Mehrfachformstkovpressen around the wick introduced with pipe needles.
  • the pressed blanks can be processed immediately without cooling. Even with these methods, very high numbers per hour can be achieved.
  • ram extrusion which is known for example from GB 702,471 A and in which the wax mixture is melted by means of an extrusion device and subsequently pushed out by means of a piston and pressed to the candle blanks, which subsequently by cutting to length and editing the two ends is brought by turning and milling in the desired candle shape.
  • the present invention has therefore set itself the task of developing a method for producing candles by extruding a wax composition and optionally other auxiliaries and additives to rod-shaped blanks to the effect that candles are obtained with optimum density in large quantities and also production changes, such as color changes can be accomplished within a very short time.
  • the solution according to the invention consists in melting the waxy mass in liquid and / or pasty and / or solid phase and optionally dyes and / or odorous substances in a twin-screw extruder with screws rotating in the same direction and introducing them under homogenous mixing into a downstream orifice die with outlet opening and as a rod-shaped strand To extrude from the outlet opening, then cool down and cut to desired sections.
  • twin screw extruder used in accordance with the invention with co-rotating screws is known per se and has hitherto been used mainly for the extrusion of thermoplastics which are plasticized and homogeneously mixed at temperatures of about 140 to 300 ° C depending on the raw material used within the extruder and subsequently a processing tool be supplied under high pressure.
  • twin-screw extruder with co-rotating screws in accordance with the invention also suitable for the production of rod-shaped candle blanks from a wax composition and optionally other auxiliaries and additives by operating this twin-screw extruder adapted to the wax mass low temperature level, preferably at a temperature of up to 50 ° C, which is already sufficient to melt the supplied liquid and / or pasty and / or solid wax mass homogeneously.
  • the wax melt can be tempered to an optimum melt temperature of, for example, about 30 to 45 ° C.
  • twin screw extruder and optionally cooled before it passes from the twin screw extruder into a downstream orifice die with outlet opening and from there under a pressure generated by the twin-screw extruder, for example 5 to 15 bar extruded as a rod-shaped strand from the outlet opening, subsequently cooled and cut to desired sections.
  • a pressure generated by the twin-screw extruder for example 5 to 15 bar extruded as a rod-shaped strand from the outlet opening, subsequently cooled and cut to desired sections.
  • the invention proposed twin-screw extruder with co-rotating and preferably intermeshing screws a particularly homogeneous mixing of the wax melt and optionally added other auxiliaries and additives, such as dyes and odors, allows and thus mixed mass to the optimal temperature for processing and optimum pressure brings candle blanks with the desired density and a smooth surface are obtained, which can be processed directly to the desired candles by cutting to length.
  • the colorants and / or odorous substances optionally added to the wax composition in granular or powder form are fed to the twin-screw extruder and fed into the wax mass in a region of the twin-screw extruder in which the latter has already been melted. Since at the time of feeding the present in granular or powder form colorants and / or odors wax mass is already completely melted, a particularly homogeneous distribution of colorants and / or odors is achieved, so that the amounts to be added to color and / or odorous substances can be reduced to a minimum, which brings further cost advantages.
  • the wax composition used to make the candles and supplied to the twin-screw extruder may contain stearin, preferably 10 to 20 wt% stearin, and more preferably about 15 wt% stearin.
  • the wax mass itself can be formed in a manner known per se from a wax semolina, d. H. it is in a solid phase.
  • the twin-screw extruder with screws rotating in the same direction can also be provided with a screw Wax mass to be supplied, which has mushy consistency, ie there are both liquid, pasty as well as solid phases of the wax before.
  • a screw Wax mass to be supplied which has mushy consistency, ie there are both liquid, pasty as well as solid phases of the wax before.
  • Candle blanks having a density of 0.8 to 0.85 g / cm 3 can be produced by the process according to the invention, with a density of about 0.83 g / cm 3 being easily attainable as the optimum.
  • FIGURE 1 shows in a schematic side view a per se known extrusion device with a twin-screw extruder 1 with co-rotating screws, as is known for example from plastics processing and which in the context of the present invention for the production of candles by extrusion of a wax mass and optionally further Auxiliary and additives is adapted.
  • the twin-screw extruder 1 has a cylinder 10 which can be temperature-controlled to desired temperatures by means of heating and cooling elements, in which two screws oriented parallel to one another are arranged in the same direction in a known manner, the rotation of the screws being controlled by a drive motor 13 and an intermediate gear 12 is effected.
  • a directly driven twin-screw extruder 1 with drive motor 13, which manages without an intermediate gear 12.
  • the cylinder 10 has an inlet opening 11 and an outlet end 14 for the from the filling opening 11 through the cylinder 10 by means of twin screws funded material on.
  • the processing tool here an aperture tool 2 connected to an outlet opening 20 for the extruded candle blanks, leaving the aperture tool 2 via the outlet opening 20 in the direction of arrow A.
  • a wax mass e.g. containing 10 to 20 wt .-% stearin, preferably about 15 wt .-% fed via a metering device 3 of the filling opening 11 of the cylinder 10, said wax composition preferably having a mushy consistency, d. H.
  • a wax mass e.g. containing 10 to 20 wt .-% stearin, preferably about 15 wt .-% fed via a metering device 3 of the filling opening 11 of the cylinder 10
  • said wax composition preferably having a mushy consistency, d. H.
  • there are solid, pasty and liquid phases of the wax mass At the same time there are solid, pasty and liquid phases of the wax mass.
  • this wax mass is forcibly conveyed starting from the filling opening 11 in the direction of the outlet end 14, wherein the wax mass during the passage through a first longitudinal section of the cylinder 10, which is marked with L1 , Is heated by appropriate temperature control of the cylinder walls and the shearing action of the screw to a melt temperature of up to 50 ° C and mixed, so that at the end of the longitudinal section L1 is a homogeneous wax melt.
  • Suitable dyes include, for example, aniline dyes or pigment dyes.
  • the drive motor has a capacity of 110 kW.
  • a wax mass containing 15% by weight of stearin was used, which had a mushy consistency with coexisting liquid and solid phases.
  • the cylinder 10 of the twin-screw extruder 1 was heated to 30 ° C and it was used a likewise tempered to 30 ° C aperture tool with the dimensions 30 x 25 mm (dx I).
  • the supplied wax mass was brought at a screw speed of 30 min -1 and an applied torque of 1000 Nm to a melt temperature of 39 ° C and a melt pressure of 7 bar, wherein 3% by weight of dyes and odorous substances, in each case based on 100% by weight wax mass, were added to the already melted wax mass inside the cylinder.
  • candle blanks of a density of 0.83 g / cm 3 were obtained at a rate of 73 kg / h.
  • the bar-shaped blanks obtained were of such a quality that the direct processing into candles was made possible, so that with commercial twin-screw extruders with co-rotating screws mathematical mass throughputs of up to 650 kg / h and more appear possible.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Fats And Perfumes (AREA)
  • Extrusion Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

Producing candles comprises melting a wax material in a twin-screw extruder with corotating screws, extruding the material through a die to form rod-shaped extrudates and dividing the extrudates into lengths.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Herstellen von Kerzen durch Extrusion einer Wachsmasse und gegebenenfalls weiteren Hilfs- und Zusatzstoffen zu stangenförmigen Rohlingen, welche nachfolgend auf ein gewünschtes Längenmaß abgelängt werden.The invention relates to a method for producing candles by extrusion of a wax mass and optionally other auxiliaries and additives to rod-shaped blanks, which are subsequently cut to a desired length dimension.

Bei der Herstellung von Kerzen wird ein Docht mit einer diesen umgebenden festen Brennmasse versehen, wobei als Rohstoffe für die Brennmasse Paraffin, Stearin, Bienenwachs oder auch Mischungen dieser Wachse eingesetzt werden. Neben den traditionellen und handwerklich geprägten Herstellungsverfahren für Kerzen, bei denen der Docht in eine flüssige Wachsmasse wiederholt eingetaucht wird und auf diese Weise Kerzen aus der Schmelze gezogen werden, sind auch Gießverfahren sowie die bei der industriellen Herstellung überwiegend eingesetzten Kerzenzugmaschinen oder Pulverpressverfahren bekannt geworden.In the manufacture of candles, a wick is provided with a surrounding solid fuel mass, being used as raw materials for the fuel mass paraffin, stearin, beeswax or mixtures of these waxes. In addition to the traditional and hand-crafted production process for candles, in which the wick is repeatedly dipped into a liquid wax mass and in this way candles are melted, also casting and the mostly used in industrial production Kerzenzugmaschinen or powder molding process have become known.

Bei einer Kerzenzugmaschine laufen mehrere hundert Meter Dochtstrang über zwei Zugtrommeln von ca. 1,5 m Durchmesser im Abstand von 4 bis größer 10 m, wobei die untere Dochtstrecke durch ein Wachsbad geführt wird, im oberen Rücklauf abkühlt, im nächsten Durchlauf wiederum Wachs aufnimmt, bis die gewünschte Strangdicke erreicht ist. Der fertige Kerzenstrang wird sodann über eine Abzugsvorrichtung einer Schneidvorrichtung zur Stückelung in die gewünschte Kerzenlänge zugeführt, wobei bei kontinuierlicher Fahrweise Leistungen von mehr als 10.000 Kerzen pro Stunde erreicht werden.In a Kerzenzugmaschine several hundred meters wick line run on two drums of about 1.5 m diameter at a distance of 4 to more than 10 m, the lower wick section is passed through a wax bath, cooled in the upper return, in turn wax absorbs, until the desired strand thickness is reached. The finished candle string is then supplied via a trigger device of a cutting device for denomination in the desired candle length, with continuous driving performance of more than 10,000 candles per hour can be achieved.

Beim Pulverpressverfahren wird die Wachsmischung in Pulver-, Span- oder Granulatform in einer Strangpresse mit dem Docht zu einem endlosen Strang gepresst und dann auf Länge geschnitten oder das Granulat wird in Mehrfachformstempelpressen um den mit Rohrnadeln eingeführten Docht pressgeformt. Die gepressten Rohlinge können ohne Abkühlung sofort weiterverarbeitet werden. Auch mit diesen Verfahren lassen sich sehr hohe Stückzahlen pro Stunde erreichen.In the powder pressing process, the wax mixture is pressed in powder, chip or granular form in an extruder with the wick to an endless strand and then cut to length or the granules are press-formed in Mehrfachformstempelpressen around the wick introduced with pipe needles. The pressed blanks can be processed immediately without cooling. Even with these methods, very high numbers per hour can be achieved.

Eng verwandt mit dem vorangehend erwähnten Pulverpressverfahren ist darüber hinaus die so genannte Rammextrusion, welche beispielsweise aus der GB 702,471 A bekannt ist und bei der die Wachsmischung mittels einer Extrusionseinrichtung aufgeschmolzen und nachfolgend mittels eines Kolbens ausgeschoben und zu den Kerzenrohlingen verpresst wird, welche nachfolgend durch Ablängen sowie Bearbeiten der beiden Enden durch Drehen und Fräsen in die gewünschte Kerzenform gebracht wird.Closely related to the above-mentioned powder pressing method is also the so-called ram extrusion, which is known for example from GB 702,471 A and in which the wax mixture is melted by means of an extrusion device and subsequently pushed out by means of a piston and pressed to the candle blanks, which subsequently by cutting to length and editing the two ends is brought by turning and milling in the desired candle shape.

Während das Pressen und auch die Rammextrusion die Herstellung von Kerzen mit hoher Stückzahl in einer wirtschaftlichen Verfahrensweise ermöglicht, sind diese Herstellungsverfahren jedoch auch mit einer Reihe von unerwünschten Nachteilen verbunden. So sind sowohl für das Pressen wie auch die Rammextrusion von Kerzenrohlingen aufwendige Herstellungen für das als Ausgangsbasis dienende Wachsgrieß notwendig, in welchem flüssiges Paraffin aufgeschmolzen und vernebelt wird und auf einer großen Walze abgekühlt wird. Eine Farbumstellung einer solchen Anlage ist aufgrund des enormen Reinigungsaufwandes nahezu unmöglich, was die Flexibilität der bisherigen Produktion stark einschränkt.However, while pressing and also ram extrusion enable the production of high volume candles in an economical manner, these manufacturing methods are also associated with a number of undesirable disadvantages. Thus, elaborate preparations are necessary both for the pressing and the ram extrusion of candle blanks for serving as a starting wax semolina, in which liquid paraffin is melted and atomized and is cooled on a large roller. A color change of such a system is almost impossible due to the enormous cleaning effort, which greatly restricts the flexibility of the previous production.

Als großer Nachteil der Kerzenherstellung durch Pressen und Rammextrudieren wird darüber hinaus die um etwa 10 % höhere Dichte des Paraffins im Vergleich zu gegossenen oder gezogenen Kerzen angesehen, was einen nicht unerheblichen Kostennachteil insbesondere bei großindustrieller Herstellung darstellt.As a major drawback of the candle production by pressing and Rammextrudieren beyond about 10% higher density of the paraffin is considered compared to cast or drawn candles, which is not represents an insignificant cost disadvantage, especially in large-scale manufacturing.

Die vorliegende Erfindung hat sich von daher die Aufgabe gestellt, ein Verfahren zum Herstellen von Kerzen durch Extrusion einer Wachsmasse und gegebenenfalls weiteren Hilfs- und Zusatzstoffen zu stangenförmigen Rohlingen dahingehend weiterzubilden, dass Kerzen mit optimaler Dichte in hohen Stückzahlen erhalten werden und überdies Produktionsumstellungen, beispielsweise Farbumstellungen innerhalb kürzester Zeit bewerkstelligt werden können.The present invention has therefore set itself the task of developing a method for producing candles by extruding a wax composition and optionally other auxiliaries and additives to rod-shaped blanks to the effect that candles are obtained with optimum density in large quantities and also production changes, such as color changes can be accomplished within a very short time.

Zur Lösung der gestellten Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß ein Verfahren gemäß den Merkmalen des Patentanspruches 1 vorgeschlagen.To achieve the object, a method according to the features of claim 1 is proposed according to the invention.

Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen und Weiterbildungen der Erfindung sind Gegenstand der Unteransprüche.Advantageous embodiments and modifications of the invention are the subject of the dependent claims.

Die erfindungsgemäße Lösung besteht darin, die Wachsmasse in flüssiger und/oder pastöser und/oder fester Phase sowie ggf. Farbstoffe und/oder Geruchsstoffe in einem Doppelschneckenextruder mit gleichsinnig rotierenden Schnecken aufzuschmelzen und unter homogener Vermischung in ein nachgeordnetes Blendenwerkzeug mit Austrittsöffnung einzubringen und als stabförmigen Strang aus der Austrittsöffnung zu extrudieren, nachfolgend abzukühlen und zu gewünschten Abschnitten abzulängen.The solution according to the invention consists in melting the waxy mass in liquid and / or pasty and / or solid phase and optionally dyes and / or odorous substances in a twin-screw extruder with screws rotating in the same direction and introducing them under homogenous mixing into a downstream orifice die with outlet opening and as a rod-shaped strand To extrude from the outlet opening, then cool down and cut to desired sections.

Der erfindungsgemäß eingesetzte Doppelschneckenextruder mit gleichsinnig rotierenden Schnecken ist an sich bekannt und wird bislang hauptsächlich für die Extrusion thermoplastischer Kunststoffe eingesetzt, die bei Temperaturen von ca. 140 bis 300°C je nach verwendetem Rohstoff innerhalb des Extruders plastifiziert und homogen vermischt werden und nachfolgend einem Verarbeitungswerkzeug unter hohem Druck zugeführt werden.The twin screw extruder used in accordance with the invention with co-rotating screws is known per se and has hitherto been used mainly for the extrusion of thermoplastics which are plasticized and homogeneously mixed at temperatures of about 140 to 300 ° C depending on the raw material used within the extruder and subsequently a processing tool be supplied under high pressure.

Im Rahmen der vorliegenden Erfindung wurde nunmehr festgestellt, dass sich ein solcher Doppelschneckenextruder mit gleichsinnig rotierenden Schnecken in erfindungsgemäßer Weise auch zur Herstellung von stangenförmigen Kerzenrohlingen aus einer Wachsmasse und gegebenenfalls weiteren Hilfs- und Zusatzstoffen eignet, indem man diesen Doppelschneckenextruder mit an die Wachsmasse angepasstem niedrigen Temperaturniveau betreibt, vorzugsweise bei einer Temperatur von bis zu 50°C, die bereits ausreichend ist, um die zugeführte flüssige und/oder pastöse und/oder feste Wachsmasse homogen aufzuschmelzen. Nachfolgend kann während des Durchlaufs durch den mit gleichsinnig rotierenden Schnecken fördernden Doppelschneckenextruder die Wachsschmelze auf eine für die Verarbeitung optimale Massetemperatur von z.B. etwa 30 bis 45°C temperiert und gegebenenfalls gekühlt werden, bevor diese aus dem Doppelschneckenextruder in ein nachgeordnetes Blendenwerkzeug mit Austrittsöffnung übertritt und von dort unter einem vom Doppelschneckenextruder erzeugten Druck von z.B. 5 bis 15 bar als stabförmiger Strang aus der Austrittsöffnung extrudiert, nachfolgend abgekühlt und zu gewünschten Abschnitten abgelängt wird.In the context of the present invention has now been found that such a twin-screw extruder with co-rotating screws in According to the invention also suitable for the production of rod-shaped candle blanks from a wax composition and optionally other auxiliaries and additives by operating this twin-screw extruder adapted to the wax mass low temperature level, preferably at a temperature of up to 50 ° C, which is already sufficient to melt the supplied liquid and / or pasty and / or solid wax mass homogeneously. Subsequently, during the passage through the twin screw extruder conveying the same direction screw, the wax melt can be tempered to an optimum melt temperature of, for example, about 30 to 45 ° C. and optionally cooled before it passes from the twin screw extruder into a downstream orifice die with outlet opening and from there under a pressure generated by the twin-screw extruder, for example 5 to 15 bar extruded as a rod-shaped strand from the outlet opening, subsequently cooled and cut to desired sections.

Es ist möglich, neben einer reinen Wachsmasse auch ein Gemisch aus Wachsmasse, Farbstoffen, Geruchsstoffen und/oder weiteren Hilfs- und Zusatzstoffen zu Kerzen in der erfindungsgemäßen Weise zu extrudieren.It is possible, in addition to a pure wax mass, to extrude a mixture of wax mass, dyes, odorous substances and / or further auxiliaries and additives into candles in the manner according to the invention.

Nach einem Vorschlag der Erfindung können z.B. bezogen auf 100 Gew.-% Wachsmasse in flüssiger, pastöser und/oder fester Form 0 bis 10 Gew.-% Farbstoffe und 0 bis 10 Gew.-% Geruchsstoffe der Wachsmasse zugesetzt werden.According to a proposal of the invention, e.g. based on 100 wt .-% wax mass in liquid, pasty and / or solid form 0 to 10 wt .-% dyes and 0 to 10 wt .-% odors of the wax composition are added.

Da der erfindungsgemäß vorgeschlagene Doppelschneckenextruder mit gleichsinnig rotierenden und vorzugsweise miteinander kämmenden Schnecken eine besonders homogene Vermischung der Wachsschmelze und gegebenenfalls hinzugefügten weiteren Hilfs- und Zusatzstoffen, wie Farb- und Geruchsstoffen, ermöglicht und die solchermaßen vermischte Masse auf die für die Verarbeitung optimale Temperatur und optimalen Druck bringt, werden Kerzenrohlinge mit der gewünschten Dichte und einer glatten Oberfläche erhalten, die unmittelbar zu den gewünschten Kerzen durch Ablängen weiterverarbeitet werden können.Since the invention proposed twin-screw extruder with co-rotating and preferably intermeshing screws a particularly homogeneous mixing of the wax melt and optionally added other auxiliaries and additives, such as dyes and odors, allows and thus mixed mass to the optimal temperature for processing and optimum pressure brings candle blanks with the desired density and a smooth surface are obtained, which can be processed directly to the desired candles by cutting to length.

Je nach Art der herzustellenden Kerzen ist es hierbei möglich, den Docht gleichsam durch das Blendenwerkzeug zu führen, so dass Kerzenrohlinge mit bereits von der Brennmasse umgebenem Kerzendocht erhalten werden oder aber die Kerzenrohlinge werden durch Anordnung eines entsprechenden Doms mit einer zentralen Bohrung versehen, in welche später der Kerzendocht eingeführt werden kann. Bei Herstellung von massiven Kerzenrohlingen ist selbstverständlich auch ein späteres Bohren der Bohrung für das Einführen des Kerzendochtes denkbar.Depending on the type of candles to be produced, it is possible to guide the wick through the aperture tool so that candle blanks are obtained with candle wick already surrounded by the fuel mass, or the candle blanks are provided with a central bore by placing a corresponding dome into which later the candle wick can be introduced. In the production of solid candle blanks of course, a later drilling of the hole for the insertion of the candle cooker is conceivable.

In jedem Falle aber lassen sich bei Einsatz des erfindungsgemäßen Doppelschneckenextruders Rezepturänderungen, z. B. Farbumstellungen binnen kürzester Zeit realisieren.In any case, when using the twin screw extruder invention recipe changes, eg. B. realize color changes within a very short time.

Mit Vorteil werden die gegebenenfalls der Wachsmasse zugesetzten Farb- und/oder Geruchsstoffe in Granulat- oder Pulverform dem Doppelschneckenextruder zugeführt und in einem Bereich des Doppelschneckenextruders in die Wachsmasse eingespeist, in welchem diese bereits aufgeschmolzen ist. Da zum Zeitpunkt des Einspeisens der noch in Granulat- oder Pulverform vorliegenden Farb- und/oder Geruchsstoffe die Wachsmasse bereits vollständig aufgeschmolzen ist, wird eine besonders homogene Verteilung der Farb- und/oder Geruchsstoffe erreicht, so dass die zuzusetzenden Mengen an Farb- und/oder Geruchsstoffen auf ein Minimum reduziert werden können, was weitere Kostenvorteile mit sich bringt.Advantageously, the colorants and / or odorous substances optionally added to the wax composition in granular or powder form are fed to the twin-screw extruder and fed into the wax mass in a region of the twin-screw extruder in which the latter has already been melted. Since at the time of feeding the present in granular or powder form colorants and / or odors wax mass is already completely melted, a particularly homogeneous distribution of colorants and / or odors is achieved, so that the amounts to be added to color and / or odorous substances can be reduced to a minimum, which brings further cost advantages.

Die zur Herstellung der Kerzen verwendete und dem Doppelschneckenextruder zugeführte Wachsmasse kann Stearin, vorzugsweise 10 bis 20 Gew.-% Stearin, und weiter bevorzugt etwa 15 Gew.-% Stearin enthalten.The wax composition used to make the candles and supplied to the twin-screw extruder may contain stearin, preferably 10 to 20 wt% stearin, and more preferably about 15 wt% stearin.

Die Wachsmasse selber kann in an sich bekannter Weise aus einem Wachsgrieß gebildet sein, d. h. sie liegt in fester Phase vor.The wax mass itself can be formed in a manner known per se from a wax semolina, d. H. it is in a solid phase.

Um jedoch eine besonders flexible und insbesondere bei Farbumstellungen schnell veränderbare Herstellung der Kerzen zu gewährleisten, kann dem Doppelschneckenextruder mit gleichsinnig rotierenden Schnecken auch eine Wachsmasse zugeführt werden, die breiartige Konsistenz aufweist, d. h. es liegen sowohl flüssige, pastöse wie auch gleichzeitig feste Phasen des Wachses vor. Für die Verarbeitung in dem erfindungsgemäß vorgeschlagenen Doppelschneckenextruder mit gleichsinnig rotierenden Schnecken spielt hierbei die Konsistenz der zugeführten Wachsmasse keine wesentliche Rolle, da die gleichsinnig rotierenden Schnecken im Doppelschneckenextruder eine Zwangsförderung bewirken und somit sowohl flüssige wie auch feste Phasen des Wachses gleichermaßen gut verarbeitet werden können.However, in order to ensure a particularly flexible production of the candles which can be changed rapidly, in particular in the case of color changes, the twin-screw extruder with screws rotating in the same direction can also be provided with a screw Wax mass to be supplied, which has mushy consistency, ie there are both liquid, pasty as well as solid phases of the wax before. For the processing in the twin-screw extruder according to the invention with screws rotating in the same direction, the consistency of the supplied wax mass does not play a significant role, since the co-rotating screws in the twin-screw extruder bring about forced delivery and thus both liquid and solid phases of the wax can be processed equally well.

Nach dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren lassen sich Kerzenrohlinge herstellen, die eine Dichte von 0,8 bis 0,85 g/cm3 aufweisen, wobei als Optimum eine Dichte von etwa 0,83 g/cm3 problemlos erreichbar ist.Candle blanks having a density of 0.8 to 0.85 g / cm 3 can be produced by the process according to the invention, with a density of about 0.83 g / cm 3 being easily attainable as the optimum.

Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend an einem Ausführungsbeispiel in der Zeichnung in weiteren Einzelheiten erläutert.The invention will be explained below with reference to an embodiment in the drawing in more detail.

Die einzige Figur 1 zeigt in einer schematischen Seitenansicht eine an sich bekannte Extrusionsvorrichtung mit einem Doppelschneckenextruder 1 mit gleichsinnig rotierenden Schnecken, wie sie beispielsweise aus der Kunststoffverarbeitung bekannt ist und welche im Sinne der vorliegenden Erfindung für die Herstellung von Kerzen durch Extrusion einer Wachsmasse und gegebenenfalls weiteren Hilfs- und Zusatzstoffen adaptiert wird.The sole FIGURE 1 shows in a schematic side view a per se known extrusion device with a twin-screw extruder 1 with co-rotating screws, as is known for example from plastics processing and which in the context of the present invention for the production of candles by extrusion of a wax mass and optionally further Auxiliary and additives is adapted.

Der Doppelschneckenextruder 1 weist einen mittels Heiz- und Kühlelementen segmentweise auf gewünschte Temperaturen temperierbaren Zylinder 10 auf, in welchem in an sich bekannter Weise zwei parallel zueinander ausgerichtete Schnecken gleichsinnig rotierend angeordnet sind, wobei die Rotation der Schnecken über einen Antriebsmotor 13 und ein zwischengeschaltetes Getriebe 12 bewirkt wird. Alternativ wäre es auch möglich, einen direkt angetriebenen Doppelschneckenextruder 1 mit Antriebsmotor 13 vorzusehen, der ohne ein zwischengeschaltetes Getriebe 12 auskommt.The twin-screw extruder 1 has a cylinder 10 which can be temperature-controlled to desired temperatures by means of heating and cooling elements, in which two screws oriented parallel to one another are arranged in the same direction in a known manner, the rotation of the screws being controlled by a drive motor 13 and an intermediate gear 12 is effected. Alternatively, it would also be possible to provide a directly driven twin-screw extruder 1 with drive motor 13, which manages without an intermediate gear 12.

Der Zylinder 10 weist eine Eintrittsöffnung 11 und ein Austrittsende 14 für das von der Einfüllöffnung 11 durch den Zylinder 10 mittels der Doppelschnecken geförderte Material auf. An dieses Austrittsende 14 ist das Verarbeitungswerkzeug, hier ein Blendenwerkzeug 2 mit einer Austrittsöffnung 20 für die extrudierten Kerzenrohlinge angeschlossen, die das Blendenwerkzeug 2 über die Austrittsöffnung 20 in Pfeilrichtung A verlassen.The cylinder 10 has an inlet opening 11 and an outlet end 14 for the from the filling opening 11 through the cylinder 10 by means of twin screws funded material on. At this outlet end 14, the processing tool, here an aperture tool 2 connected to an outlet opening 20 for the extruded candle blanks, leaving the aperture tool 2 via the outlet opening 20 in the direction of arrow A.

Im Betrieb des solchermaßen ausgebildeten Doppelschneckenextruders 1 wird zunächst eine Wachsmasse, z.B. enthaltend 10 bis 20 Gew.-% Stearin, vorzugsweise etwa 15 Gew.-% über eine Dosiervorrichtung 3 der Einfüllöffnung 11 des Zylinders 10 zugeführt, wobei diese Wachsmasse vorzugsweise breiartige Konsistenz aufweist, d. h. es liegen gleichzeitig feste, pastöse und flüssige Phasen der Wachsmasse vor.In operation of the twin-screw extruder 1 thus formed, first a wax mass, e.g. containing 10 to 20 wt .-% stearin, preferably about 15 wt .-% fed via a metering device 3 of the filling opening 11 of the cylinder 10, said wax composition preferably having a mushy consistency, d. H. At the same time there are solid, pasty and liquid phases of the wax mass.

Aufgrund der gleichsinnigen Rotation der in der Zeichnung nicht sichtbaren Schnecken innerhalb des Zylinders 10 wird diese Wachsmasse ausgehend von der Einfüllöffnung 11 in Richtung des Austrittsendes 14 zwangsweise gefördert, wobei die Wachsmasse während des Durchlaufes durch einen ersten Längenabschnitt des Zylinders 10, der mit L1 gekennzeichnet ist, durch entsprechende Temperierung der Zylinderwandungen und die Scherwirkung der Schnecken auf eine Massetemperatur von bis zu 50°C erwärmt und durchmischt wird, so dass am Ende des Längenabschnittes L1 eine homogene Wachsschmelze vorliegt. Nunmehr können über zwei Seiteneinspeisungen, die stromabwärts der Einfüllöffnung 11 gelegen sind, gemäß Pfeilen D1, D2 Farb- und/oder Geruchsstoffe in Granulat- oder Pulverform in einer Menge von bis zu 10 Gew.-%, bezogen auf 100 Gew.-% Wachsmasse dem Doppelschneckenextruder zugeführt werden und werden demgemäß in einem Bereich des Doppelschneckenextruders 1 in den Zylinder 10 eingespeist, in welchem die darin befindliche Wachsmasse bereits vollständig aufgeschmolzen ist. Als Farbstoffe kommen hierbei beispielsweise Anilinfarben oder auch Pigmentfarbstoffe in Betracht.Due to the rotation in the same direction of the screw not visible in the drawing within the cylinder 10, this wax mass is forcibly conveyed starting from the filling opening 11 in the direction of the outlet end 14, wherein the wax mass during the passage through a first longitudinal section of the cylinder 10, which is marked with L1 , Is heated by appropriate temperature control of the cylinder walls and the shearing action of the screw to a melt temperature of up to 50 ° C and mixed, so that at the end of the longitudinal section L1 is a homogeneous wax melt. Now can over two side feeds located downstream of the filling opening 11, according to arrows D1, D2 color and / or odors in granular or powder form in an amount of up to 10 wt .-%, based on 100 wt .-% wax mass be fed to the twin-screw extruder and are accordingly fed in a region of the twin-screw extruder 1 in the cylinder 10, in which the wax mass therein is already completely melted. Suitable dyes include, for example, aniline dyes or pigment dyes.

Diese in fester, d. h. in Pulver- oder Granulatform vorliegenden und gemäß Pfeilen D1, D2 in den Zylinder 10 eingespeisten Farb- und Geruchsstoffe werden nachfolgend in einem weiteren mit L2 gekennzeichneten Längenabschnitt mit der bereits aufgeschmolzenen Wachsmasse vermischt und homogenisiert, bis schließlich an diesen Längenabschnitt L2 anschließend in einem weiteren Längenabschnitt L3 die zuvor hergestellte homogene Mischung aus geschmolzener Wachsmasse sowie gegebenenfalls zugesetzten Farb- und Geruchsstoffen auf die für die Verarbeitung im Blendenwerkzeug 2 optimale Massetemperatur von etwa 30 bis 45°C heruntergekühlt wird und auf den optimalen Massedruck von etwa 5 bis 15 bar gebracht wird, mit welchem diese Masse sodann dem Blendenwerkzeug 2 über das Austrittsende 14 des Zylinders 10 zugeführt wird. Das Aufschmelzen und Herunterkühlen der im Zylinder 10 von den Schnecken zwangsgeförderten Masse lässt sich durch unterschiedliche Temperierung der einzelnen Längenabschnitte L1, L2, L3 des Zylinders 10 nicht regeln.These in solid, ie present in powder or granular form and according to arrows D1, D2 fed into the cylinder 10 colors and odors are subsequently mixed in a further marked with L2 length section with the already melted wax mass and homogenized until finally at this length section L2 then in a further length L3, the previously prepared homogeneous mixture of melted wax composition and optionally added colorants and odors is cooled down to the optimal processing for the processing tool 2 melt temperature of about 30 to 45 ° C and on the optimum melt pressure of about 5 to 15 bar is brought, with which this mass is then supplied to the aperture tool 2 via the outlet end 14 of the cylinder 10. The melting and cooling down of the mass forcedly conveyed in the cylinder 10 by the screws can not be regulated by different tempering of the individual longitudinal sections L1, L2, L3 of the cylinder 10.

Die solchermaßen auf optimale Temperatur und optimalen Druck gebrachte homogene Masse wird schließlich in bereits beschriebener Weise aus dem Blendenwerkzeug 2 über dessen Austrittsöffnung 20 in Pfeilrichtung A als kontinuierlicher stangenförmiger Rohling aus dem Doppelschneckenextruder 1 herausgepresst und kann nachfolgend auf das gewünschte Längenmaß abgelängt werden.The thus brought to optimum temperature and pressure optimum homogeneous mass is finally pressed in the manner already described from the aperture tool 2 through the outlet opening 20 in the direction of arrow A as a continuous rod-shaped blank from the twin-screw extruder 1 and can be subsequently cut to the desired length dimension.

Mit einer solchen vorangehend erläuterten Vorrichtung gemäß Figur 1 wurden in Versuchen Kerzenrohlinge für die Herstellung von Kerzen hergestellt.Candle blanks for the production of candles were produced in experiments using such a device explained above according to FIG.

Es wurde ein Doppelschneckenextruder mit gleichsinnig rotierenden Schnecken der Firma Reifenhäuser mit der Typenbezeichnung RZE 66-33 D eingesetzt, dessen Antriebsmotor eine Leistung von 110 kW aufweist.It was a twin-screw extruder with co-rotating screws from Reifenhäuser used with the type designation RZE 66-33 D, the drive motor has a capacity of 110 kW.

In einem ersten Versuch wurde eine Wachsmasse enthaltend 15 Gew.-% Stearin verwendet, die eine breiartige Konsistenz mit gleichzeitig vorhandenen flüssigen und festen Phasen aufwies. Der Zylinder 10 des Doppelschneckenextruders 1 wurde auf 30°C temperiert und es wurde ein ebenfalls auf 30°C temperiertes Blendenwerkzeug mit den Abmessungen 30 x 25 mm (d x I) eingesetzt. Die zugeführte Wachsmasse wurde bei einer Schneckendrehzahl von 30 min-1 und einem anliegenden Drehmoment von 1.000 Nm auf eine Massetemperatur von 39°C und einem Massedruck von 7 bar gebracht, wobei der bereits aufgeschmolzenen Wachsmasse im Innern des Zylinders jeweils 3 Gew.-% Farbstoffe und Geruchsstoffe, jeweils bezogen auf 100 Gew.-% Wachsmasse hinzugefügt wurden. Auf diese Weise wurden Kerzenrohlinge einer Dichte von 0,83 g/cm3 mit einem Durchsatz von 73 kg/h erhalten.In a first experiment, a wax mass containing 15% by weight of stearin was used, which had a mushy consistency with coexisting liquid and solid phases. The cylinder 10 of the twin-screw extruder 1 was heated to 30 ° C and it was used a likewise tempered to 30 ° C aperture tool with the dimensions 30 x 25 mm (dx I). The supplied wax mass was brought at a screw speed of 30 min -1 and an applied torque of 1000 Nm to a melt temperature of 39 ° C and a melt pressure of 7 bar, wherein 3% by weight of dyes and odorous substances, in each case based on 100% by weight wax mass, were added to the already melted wax mass inside the cylinder. In this way, candle blanks of a density of 0.83 g / cm 3 were obtained at a rate of 73 kg / h.

In einem zweiten Versuch wurde bei unveränderter Rezeptur eine Schneckendrehzahl von 60 min-1 bei unverändert 1.000 Nm anliegendem Drehmoment erzeugt, woraufhin sich eine Massetemperatur von 40°C und ein Massedruck von 9 bar einstellte, so dass stangenförmige Rohlingen mit einem Durchsatz von 129 kg/h erhalten wurden.In a second experiment, a screw speed of 60 min -1 was generated at unchanged 1,000 Nm applied torque with unchanged formula, followed by a melt temperature of 40 ° C and a melt pressure of 9 bar, so that rod-shaped blanks with a throughput of 129 kg / h were obtained.

Die erhaltenen stangenförmigen Rohlinge waren von einer solchen Qualität, dass die unmittelbare Verarbeitung zu Kerzen ermöglicht war, so dass mit handelsüblichen Doppelschneckenextrudern mit gleichsinnig rotierenden Schnecken rechnerisch Massendurchsatzleistungen von bis zu 650 kg/h und mehr möglich erscheinen.The bar-shaped blanks obtained were of such a quality that the direct processing into candles was made possible, so that with commercial twin-screw extruders with co-rotating screws mathematical mass throughputs of up to 650 kg / h and more appear possible.

Claims (10)

Verfahren zum Herstellen von Kerzen durch Extrusion einer Wachsmasse und gegebenenfalls weiteren Hilfs- und Zusatzstoffen zu stangenförmigen Rohlingen, welche nachfolgend auf ein gewünschtes Längenmaß abgelängt werden, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Wachsmasse in flüssiger und/oder pastöser und/oder fester Phase sowie ggf. Farbstoffe und/oder Geruchsstoffe in einem Doppelschneckenextruder mit gleichsinnig rotierenden Schnecken aufgeschmolzen werden und unter homogener Vermischung in ein nachgeordnetes Blendenwerkzeug mit Austrittsöffnung gefördert wird und als stabförmiger Strang aus der Austrittsöffnung extrudiert, nachfolgend abgekühlt und zu gewünschten Abschnitten abgelängt wird.A method for producing candles by extruding a wax mass and optionally other auxiliaries and additives to rod-shaped blanks, which are subsequently cut to a desired length, characterized in that the wax composition in liquid and / or pasty and / or solid phase and optionally dyes and / or odors are melted in a twin-screw extruder with co-rotating screws and is conveyed under homogeneous mixing in a downstream orifice die with outlet and extruded as a rod-shaped strand from the outlet, subsequently cooled and cut to desired sections. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Farb- und/oder Geruchsstoffe in einer Menge von jeweils 0 bis 10 Gew.-%, bezogen auf 100 Gew. % der Wachsmasse zugeführt werden.A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the colorants and / or fragrances in an amount of 0 to 10 wt .-%, based on 100 wt.% Of the wax composition are supplied. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Wachsmasse sowie ggf. zugeführte Farb- und Geruchsstoffe in dem Doppelschneckenextruder bei einer Temperatur von bis zu 50°C aufgeschmolzen werden.A method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the wax mass and optionally supplied dyes and odors are melted in the twin-screw extruder at a temperature of up to 50 ° C. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Wachsmasse sowie ggf. zugeführte Farb- und Geruchsstoffe nach dem Aufschmelzen in dem Doppelschneckenextruder auf eine Massetemperatur von 30 bis 45°C vor Austritt aus dem Doppelschneckenextruder gekühlt werden.Method according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the wax mass and optionally supplied dyes and odors are cooled after melting in the twin-screw extruder to a melt temperature of 30 to 45 ° C before exiting the twin-screw extruder. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Wachsmasse sowie ggf. zugeführte Farb- und Geruchsstoffe unter einem Druck von 5 bis 15 bar aus der Austrittsöffnung extrudiert werden.Method according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the wax mass and optionally supplied dyes and odors are extruded under a pressure of 5 to 15 bar from the outlet opening. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Farb- und/ oder Geruchsstoffe in Granulat- oder Pulverform dem Doppelschneckenextruder zugeführt werden und in einem Bereich des Doppelschneckenextruders eingespeist werden, in welchem die Wachsmasse bereits aufgeschmolzen ist.Method according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the colorants and / or odors in granular or powder form are fed to the twin-screw extruder and fed into a region of the twin-screw extruder, in which the wax mass is already melted. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Wachsmasse 10 bis 20 Gew.-% Stearin enthält.Method according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the wax mass contains 10 to 20 wt .-% stearin. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Wachsmasse breiartig mit gleichzeitig vorhandener fester und flüssiger Phase dem Doppelschneckenextruder zugeführt wird.Method according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the wax mass is supplied to the twin-screw extruder in a slurry with co-existing solid and liquid phase. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die extrudierten Rohlinge eine Dichte von 0,8 bis 0,85 g/cm3 aufweisen.Method according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the extruded blanks have a density of 0.8 to 0.85 g / cm 3 . Verwendung eines Doppelschneckenextruders mit gleichsinnig rotierenden Schnecken zur Herstellung von stangenförmigen Kerzenrohlingen aus einer Wachsmasse und gegebenenfalls weiteren Hilfs- und Zusatzstoffen.Use of a twin-screw extruder with co-rotating screws for the production of rod-shaped candle blanks from a wax mass and optionally other auxiliaries and additives.
EP05018630A 2004-08-27 2005-08-26 Method of manufacturing candles Not-in-force EP1661974B1 (en)

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SI200530301T SI1661974T1 (en) 2004-08-27 2005-08-26 Method of manufacturing candles
PL05018630T PL1661974T3 (en) 2004-08-27 2005-08-26 Method of manufacturing candles

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102006004663B4 (en) * 2006-01-31 2008-10-02 Reifenhäuser GmbH & Co. KG Maschinenfabrik Method for producing candles
WO2017132078A1 (en) * 2016-01-26 2017-08-03 S. C. Johnson & Son, Inc. Extruded wax melt and method of producing same
US10010638B2 (en) 2016-06-14 2018-07-03 S. C. Johnson & Son, Inc. Wax melt with filler

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1467715A1 (en) * 1964-09-16 1969-02-13 Walter Koepsell Method and device for the production of ring-shaped parts from paraffin or a similar substance
JPS5311970B2 (en) * 1973-11-24 1978-04-26
EP1454733A1 (en) * 2003-02-01 2004-09-08 Reifenhäuser GmbH & Co. Maschinenfabrik Extrusion apparatus

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1467715A1 (en) * 1964-09-16 1969-02-13 Walter Koepsell Method and device for the production of ring-shaped parts from paraffin or a similar substance
JPS5311970B2 (en) * 1973-11-24 1978-04-26
EP1454733A1 (en) * 2003-02-01 2004-09-08 Reifenhäuser GmbH & Co. Maschinenfabrik Extrusion apparatus

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102006004663B4 (en) * 2006-01-31 2008-10-02 Reifenhäuser GmbH & Co. KG Maschinenfabrik Method for producing candles
WO2017132078A1 (en) * 2016-01-26 2017-08-03 S. C. Johnson & Son, Inc. Extruded wax melt and method of producing same
US10342886B2 (en) 2016-01-26 2019-07-09 S.C. Johnson & Son, Inc. Extruded wax melt and method of producing same
US10010638B2 (en) 2016-06-14 2018-07-03 S. C. Johnson & Son, Inc. Wax melt with filler

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EP1661974B1 (en) 2008-05-14
SI1661974T1 (en) 2008-10-31
DE502005004100D1 (en) 2008-06-26
PL1661974T3 (en) 2008-10-31

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