EP1659614A2 - Gas discharges having emission in the UV-A range and fluorescent lamps incorporating same - Google Patents
Gas discharges having emission in the UV-A range and fluorescent lamps incorporating same Download PDFInfo
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- EP1659614A2 EP1659614A2 EP05255050A EP05255050A EP1659614A2 EP 1659614 A2 EP1659614 A2 EP 1659614A2 EP 05255050 A EP05255050 A EP 05255050A EP 05255050 A EP05255050 A EP 05255050A EP 1659614 A2 EP1659614 A2 EP 1659614A2
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- Prior art keywords
- radical
- radiation
- group
- generating
- radicals
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J61/00—Gas-discharge or vapour-discharge lamps
- H01J61/02—Details
- H01J61/12—Selection of substances for gas fillings; Specified operating pressure or temperature
- H01J61/14—Selection of substances for gas fillings; Specified operating pressure or temperature having one or more carbon compounds as the principal constituents
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J61/00—Gas-discharge or vapour-discharge lamps
- H01J61/02—Details
- H01J61/38—Devices for influencing the colour or wavelength of the light
- H01J61/42—Devices for influencing the colour or wavelength of the light by transforming the wavelength of the light by luminescence
- H01J61/44—Devices characterised by the luminescent material
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J61/00—Gas-discharge or vapour-discharge lamps
- H01J61/70—Lamps with low-pressure unconstricted discharge having a cold pressure < 400 Torr
- H01J61/76—Lamps with low-pressure unconstricted discharge having a cold pressure < 400 Torr having a filling of permanent gas or gases only
Definitions
- the present invention relates to discharge lamps having a source of emission in the wavelength range in the UV-A radiation.
- the present invention relates to fluorescent lamps having a gas discharge UV-A radiation source and emitting in the visible electromagnetic spectrum.
- Mercury vapor discharge fluorescent lamps have been used extensively for lighting purposes.
- a small amount of mercury and an inert gas such as argon, krypton, or xenon, are contained in a sealed glass tube having an electrode at each of its ends.
- an inert gas such as argon, krypton, or xenon
- a discharge is generated between the electrodes, and the mercury atoms are excited to a high-energy state.
- the mercury atoms Upon returning to the ground state, the mercury atoms produce ultraviolet (“UV") radiation, which consists essentially of emission at 254 nm and 185 nm.
- UV radiation ultraviolet
- one or more phosphors are provided on the inner wall of the glass tube to absorb this UV radiation and emit in the wavelength range.
- UV-A means UV radiation having wavelengths in the range from about 300 nm to about 400 nm.
- mercury vapor discharge fluorescent lamps are low because of the large difference between the wavelengths of radiation emitted by mercury and those of light emitted by the phosphors. In addition, mercury in lamps that are finally discarded presents a source of pollution.
- US Patent 6,040,658 describes a mercury-free discharge lamp wherein UV-A emission having wavelength of about 306 nm is obtained from excited OH radicals, which are formed from dissociation of alkali earth metal hydroxides, such as Ca(OH) 2 or Mg(OH) 2 , or of water vapor. Although the emission of excited OH radicals is closer to the visible emission of most useful phosphors than that of mercury, there still is a large difference.
- the present invention provides a mercury-free EM radiation source emitting radiation in the wavelength range from about 254 nm to about 410 nm.
- the radiation source emits in the wavelength range from about 300 nm to about 400 nm.
- a light source comprises an EM radiation source emitting first EM radiation in the wavelength range from about 254 nm to about 410 nm, and at least a photoluminescent material excitable by the first EM radiation to emit a second EM radiation in the visible wavelength range.
- visible light is generated by a method that comprises: (a) providing an EM radiation source emitting first EM radiation in the wavelength range from about 254 nm to about 410 nm; and (b) disposing at least a photoluminescent material that absorbs the first EM radiation and emits a second EM radiation in the visible wavelength range.
- the present invention provides a mercury-free EM radiation source emitting radiation in the wavelength range from about 254 nm to about 410 nm.
- the radiation source emits in the wavelength range from about 300 nm to about 400 nm.
- the radiation source is a gas discharge containing materials that are capable of generating at least one of oxygen-, nitrogen-, and carbon-containing radicals.
- these radicals are generated by bombarding materials containing oxygen, nitrogen, or carbon with charged species that may be generated by, for example, an electrical discharge or a high-frequency EM field.
- the radicals in the discharge are in high-energy excited state, emitting EM radiation upon returning to a lower energy state.
- Non-limiting examples of high-energy radicals that emit EM radiation in the range from about 254 nm to about 400 nm are OH, CO, CO + , CO 2 + , CN, CN + , NH, NO, N 2 O + , and C 2 . These radicals exhibit strong emission at the wavelength shown in Table 1, which also shows exemplary sources for the particular species.
- a fluorescent lamp tube with associated electrodes was evacuated, and then filled with argon, nitrogen, and water vapor, each having an individual vapor pressure of about 2 torr (or 267 Pa), 0.2 torr (or 26.7 Pa), and 0.2 torr (or 26.7 Pa), respectively.
- An electrical discharge was established in the tube, and emission spectra were obtained at time 0, 5, 7, 9, 25, 30, and 35 minutes after an electrical potential of 200 V was applied to the electrodes.
- the emission spectra are shown in Figures 1-7. Strong emission is observed at wavelengths of about 306 nm and 336 nm, characteristic of emission from OH and NH radicals, respectively. Emission from these excited radicals continued well after the emission from high-energy argon had essentially stopped.
- Mercury-free fluorescent lamps using at least one of the excited radicals disclosed above as the source of exciting radiation for photoluminescent materials (or phosphors) can improve the energy efficiency of fluorescent lamps because the wavelength of exciting radiation is closer to the phosphor emission wavelength (smaller Stokes shift) than the wavelength of mercury vapor discharge.
- phosphors can be selected that strongly absorb exciting radiation from a particular high-energy radical, further increasing the lamp energy efficiency. Many such phosphors absorb strongly in the wavelength range from about 300 nm to about 410 nm, and thus have not been optimally used in conjunction with the mercury emission at 254 nm in conventional mercury discharge-based fluorescent lamps.
- Non-limiting examples of such phosphors are (1) the blue emitting phosphors (Sr,Ca) 10 (PO 4 ) 6 Cl 2 :Eu 2+ ; Sr 2 P 2 O 7 :Eu 2+ ; (Sr,Mg) 2 P 2 O 7 :Eu 2+ ; and Ba 0.07 Mg 2 Al z O 3/2z+3 :Eu 0.13 2+ , where 14 ⁇ z ⁇ 25; (2) the green emitting phosphors 2SrO ⁇ 0.84P 2 O 5 ⁇ 0.16B 2 O 3 :Eu 2+ ; Sr 2 Si 3 O 8 ⁇ 2SrCl 2 :Eu 2+ ; Sr 4 Al 4 O 25 :Eu 2+ ; and Ba 0.8 Mg 1.93 Al 16 O 27 :EU 0.2 2+ , Mn 2 + ; (3) the green-yellow emitting phosphor Y 2 SiO 5 :Ce 3+ ,Tb 3+ ; and (4) the red emit
- the construction of a mercury-free fluorescent lamp of the present invention is similar to that of a conventional fluorescent lamp.
- Figure 8 schematically shows such a lamp.
- An envelope 10 comprising an optically transparent material, such as glass, is provided with electrodes 20 and 30 comprising a material capable of emitting electrons, such as tungsten, and an end cap 25 at each end.
- the term "optically transparent" in this disclosure means allowing at least 80 percent of light having wavelengths in the range from about 400 nm to about 800 nm to pass through a specimen having a thickness of 1 mm at an incident angle of less than 10 degrees.
- Electrical leads 27 are connected to electrodes 20 and 30 to supply a voltage thereto.
- the tungsten electrode is typically coated with a mixture of alkaline earth oxides to enhance electron emission.
- a layer 50 of particles of at least a selected phosphor is deposited on the inner surface of the glass envelope to absorb the radiation emitted by the discharge.
- a layer 40 of scattering particles can be deposited between the inner wall of glass envelope 10 and phosphor layer 50 to enhance light extraction.
- Glass envelope 10 is evacuated and then charged with an inert gas, such as argon, at a pressure up to about 4000 Pa.
- an inert gas such as argon
- Other inert gases such as neon, krypton, and xenon, also may be used.
- one or more gases that are capable of generating at least one of the radicals disclosed above when such gases are bombarded by charged species of the discharge are disposed in the glass tube at a pressure up to about 2 torr (or 267 Pa). The tube is sealed and is then ready for use.
- the electrical discharge that provides charged species for generating excited mercury-free charged radicals of the present invention is generated by an induction coil at high frequency.
- the coil generates a high-frequency magnetic field, which produces a magnetically induced plasma discharge.
- Such a source of discharge has been put into practice in electrodeless discharge lamps.
- One or more of the materials, which are listed in Table 1 above, that can generate excited radical species when bombarded by other species of the plasma, which excited radical species emit EM radiation in the UV range upon returning to a less excited state, can be used as a component of the filling gas in such electrodeless lamps to practice the present invention.
- Frequencies in the range of greater than about 2 MHz, preferably greater than about 2.5 MHz, can be used to generate the magnetically induced plasma discharge.
Abstract
Description
- The present invention relates to discharge lamps having a source of emission in the wavelength range in the UV-A radiation. In particular, the present invention relates to fluorescent lamps having a gas discharge UV-A radiation source and emitting in the visible electromagnetic spectrum.
- Mercury vapor discharge fluorescent lamps have been used extensively for lighting purposes. In such lamps, a small amount of mercury and an inert gas, such as argon, krypton, or xenon, are contained in a sealed glass tube having an electrode at each of its ends. During operation, a discharge is generated between the electrodes, and the mercury atoms are excited to a high-energy state. Upon returning to the ground state, the mercury atoms produce ultraviolet ("UV") radiation, which consists essentially of emission at 254 nm and 185 nm. In order to convert this UV radiation to useful light in the visible wavelength range, one or more phosphors are provided on the inner wall of the glass tube to absorb this UV radiation and emit in the wavelength range. The terms "light" and "electromagnetic ('EM') radiation" without a qualifier are used herein interchangeably to denote EM radiation having wavelengths in the range from about 100 nm to about 1 mm. UV-A means UV radiation having wavelengths in the range from about 300 nm to about 400 nm.
- The energy efficiency of mercury vapor discharge fluorescent lamps are low because of the large difference between the wavelengths of radiation emitted by mercury and those of light emitted by the phosphors. In addition, mercury in lamps that are finally discarded presents a source of pollution.
- US Patent 6,040,658 describes a mercury-free discharge lamp wherein UV-A emission having wavelength of about 306 nm is obtained from excited OH radicals, which are formed from dissociation of alkali earth metal hydroxides, such as Ca(OH)2 or Mg(OH)2, or of water vapor. Although the emission of excited OH radicals is closer to the visible emission of most useful phosphors than that of mercury, there still is a large difference.
- Therefore, it is desirable to provide a source of exciting radiation having wavelength closer to the emission of useful phosphors. In addition, it is also desirable to provide fluorescent lamps incorporating such a source of radiation for improved energy efficiency.
- The present invention provides a mercury-free EM radiation source emitting radiation in the wavelength range from about 254 nm to about 410 nm. In particular, the radiation source emits in the wavelength range from about 300 nm to about 400 nm.
- According to one aspect of the present invention, a light source comprises an EM radiation source emitting first EM radiation in the wavelength range from about 254 nm to about 410 nm, and at least a photoluminescent material excitable by the first EM radiation to emit a second EM radiation in the visible wavelength range.
- According to another aspect of the present invention, visible light is generated by a method that comprises: (a) providing an EM radiation source emitting first EM radiation in the wavelength range from about 254 nm to about 410 nm; and (b) disposing at least a photoluminescent material that absorbs the first EM radiation and emits a second EM radiation in the visible wavelength range.
- The invention will now be described in greater detail, by way of example, with reference to the drawings, in which:-
- Figure 1 shows the emission spectrum of a gas discharge source containing Ar, H2O, and N2 when an electrical potential is applied thereto.
- Figure 2 shows the emission spectrum of a gas discharge source containing Ar, H2O, and N2 at 5 minutes after an electrical potential being applied thereto.
- Figure 3 shows the emission spectrum of a gas discharge source containing Ar, H2O, and N2 at 7 minutes after an electrical potential being applied thereto.
- Figure 4 shows the emission spectrum of a gas discharge source containing Ar, H2O, and N2 at 9 minutes after an electrical potential being applied thereto.
- Figure 5 shows the emission spectrum of a gas discharge source containing Ar, H2O, and N2 at 25 minutes after an electrical potential being applied thereto.
- Figure 6 shows the emission spectrum of a gas discharge source containing Ar, H2O, and N2 at 30 minutes after an electrical potential being applied thereto.
- Figure 7 shows the emission spectrum of a gas discharge source containing Ar, H2O, and N2 at 35 minutes after an electrical potential being applied thereto.
- Figure 8 shows schematically a light source that can use a mercury-free EM radiation source of the present invention.
- The present invention provides a mercury-free EM radiation source emitting radiation in the wavelength range from about 254 nm to about 410 nm. In particular, the radiation source emits in the wavelength range from about 300 nm to about 400 nm. The radiation source is a gas discharge containing materials that are capable of generating at least one of oxygen-, nitrogen-, and carbon-containing radicals. In one embodiment, these radicals are generated by bombarding materials containing oxygen, nitrogen, or carbon with charged species that may be generated by, for example, an electrical discharge or a high-frequency EM field. The radicals in the discharge are in high-energy excited state, emitting EM radiation upon returning to a lower energy state. Non-limiting examples of high-energy radicals that emit EM radiation in the range from about 254 nm to about 400 nm are OH, CO, CO+, CO2 +, CN, CN+, NH, NO, N2O+, and C2. These radicals exhibit strong emission at the wavelength shown in Table 1, which also shows exemplary sources for the particular species.
Table 1 Species Strong Emission Wavelength (nm) Source OH 306 water vapor, dissociation of alkali metal hydroxides CO 283, 298, 313, 389, 412 CO in discharge tubes CO+ 360, 371, 372, 380, 402 discharge tubes containing CO, CO/He, CO2, electron beam bombardment of CO CO2 + 337, 338, 355, 362 discharges through CO2 CN 359, 386, 387, 388, 422 discharge tubes containing nitrogen and carbon compounds, carbon compounds reacting with active nitrogen CN+ 302, 306, 326 discharge in He containing traces of C2N2 NH 336, 337 ammonia/oxygen, H2/N2O, active nitrogen NO 339, 358, 380 discharge tubes containing oxygen and nitrogen, nitrogen afterglow N2O+ 356, 371 Hollow cathode discharge or electron beam through N2O C2 340, 359, 363, 407, 410 Discharge through CO, CO2, C2H2, He/C6H6 - (See; e.g., R.W.B. Pearse and A.G. Gaydon, "The Identification of Molecular Spectra," Chapman and Hall, London, 1976.)
- A fluorescent lamp tube with associated electrodes was evacuated, and then filled with argon, nitrogen, and water vapor, each having an individual vapor pressure of about 2 torr (or 267 Pa), 0.2 torr (or 26.7 Pa), and 0.2 torr (or 26.7 Pa), respectively. An electrical discharge was established in the tube, and emission spectra were obtained at
time - Mercury-free fluorescent lamps using at least one of the excited radicals disclosed above as the source of exciting radiation for photoluminescent materials (or phosphors) can improve the energy efficiency of fluorescent lamps because the wavelength of exciting radiation is closer to the phosphor emission wavelength (smaller Stokes shift) than the wavelength of mercury vapor discharge. In addition, phosphors can be selected that strongly absorb exciting radiation from a particular high-energy radical, further increasing the lamp energy efficiency. Many such phosphors absorb strongly in the wavelength range from about 300 nm to about 410 nm, and thus have not been optimally used in conjunction with the mercury emission at 254 nm in conventional mercury discharge-based fluorescent lamps. Non-limiting examples of such phosphors are (1) the blue emitting phosphors (Sr,Ca)10(PO4)6Cl2:Eu2+; Sr2P2O7:Eu2+; (Sr,Mg)2P2O7:Eu2+; and Ba0.07Mg2AlzO3/2z+3:Eu0.13 2+, where 14 ≤ z ≤ 25; (2) the green emitting phosphors 2SrO·0.84P2O5·0.16B2O3:Eu2+; Sr2Si3O8·2SrCl2:Eu2+; Sr4Al4O25:Eu2+; and Ba0.8Mg1.93Al16O27:EU0.2 2+, Mn2+ ; (3) the green-yellow emitting phosphor Y2SiO5:Ce3+,Tb3+; and (4) the red emitting phosphors 6MgO·As2O5:Mn4+ and 3.5MgO.0.5MgF2·GeO2:Mn4+
- In one embodiment, the construction of a mercury-free fluorescent lamp of the present invention is similar to that of a conventional fluorescent lamp. Figure 8 schematically shows such a lamp. An
envelope 10 comprising an optically transparent material, such as glass, is provided withelectrodes end cap 25 at each end. The term "optically transparent" in this disclosure means allowing at least 80 percent of light having wavelengths in the range from about 400 nm to about 800 nm to pass through a specimen having a thickness of 1 mm at an incident angle of less than 10 degrees.Electrical leads 27 are connected toelectrodes layer 50 of particles of at least a selected phosphor is deposited on the inner surface of the glass envelope to absorb the radiation emitted by the discharge. In addition alayer 40 of scattering particles can be deposited between the inner wall ofglass envelope 10 andphosphor layer 50 to enhance light extraction.Glass envelope 10 is evacuated and then charged with an inert gas, such as argon, at a pressure up to about 4000 Pa. Other inert gases, such as neon, krypton, and xenon, also may be used. In addition, one or more gases that are capable of generating at least one of the radicals disclosed above when such gases are bombarded by charged species of the discharge are disposed in the glass tube at a pressure up to about 2 torr (or 267 Pa). The tube is sealed and is then ready for use. - In another embodiment, the electrical discharge that provides charged species for generating excited mercury-free charged radicals of the present invention is generated by an induction coil at high frequency. The coil generates a high-frequency magnetic field, which produces a magnetically induced plasma discharge. Such a source of discharge has been put into practice in electrodeless discharge lamps. For example, U.S. Patents 4,262,231; 5,952,791; 5,959,405; 6,051,922; and 6,137,236; which are incorporated herein by reference, show various embodiments of electrodeless discharge lamps. One or more of the materials, which are listed in Table 1 above, that can generate excited radical species when bombarded by other species of the plasma, which excited radical species emit EM radiation in the UV range upon returning to a less excited state, can be used as a component of the filling gas in such electrodeless lamps to practice the present invention. Frequencies in the range of greater than about 2 MHz, preferably greater than about 2.5 MHz, can be used to generate the magnetically induced plasma discharge.
Claims (11)
- A gas discharge comprising:an inert gas selected from the group consisting of argon, neon, krypton, xenon, and mixtures thereof, said inert gas being capable of generating charged species; andat least a first radical-producing material that is capable of generating at least a first radical selected from the group consisting of nitrogen-containing radicals, carbon-containing radicals, and mixtures thereof, said at least a first radical being generated by a bombardment of said material with said charged species;wherein said gas discharge emits electromagnetic ("EM") radiation having wavelengths in a range from about 254 nm to about 410 nm.
- The gas discharge according to claim 1, further comprising a second radical-producing material capable of generating an oxygen-containing radical.
- The gas discharge according to claim 1 or 2, wherein said at least a first radical is selected from the group consisting of CO, CO+, CO2 +, CN, CN+, NH, NO, N2O+, and C2.
- The gas discharge according to claim 2 or claim 3 when appendent to claim 2, wherein said oxygen-containing radical comprises OH, and at least a first radical is selected from the group consisting of CO, CO+, CO2 +, CN, CN+, NH, NO, N2O+, and C2.
- A fluorescent lamp comprising:(a) an optically transparent envelope filled with:at least a phosphor disposed on an inner wall of said envelope, said phosphor absorbing at least a portion of said first EM radiation and emitting second EM radiation having wavelengths in a visible spectrum.(1) at least an inert gas selected from the group consisting of argon, neon, krypton, xenon, and mixtures thereof, said inert gas being capable of generating charged species; and(2) at least a first radical-producing material that is capable of generating at least a first radical selected from the group consisting of nitrogen-containing radicals, carbon-containing radicals, and mixtures thereof; said at least a radical being generated by a bombardment with said charged species; said at least a first radical being capable of emitting first EM radiation having wavelengths in a range from about 254 nm to about 410 nm; and
- The fluorescent lamp according to claim 5, wherein said envelope is further filled with a second radical-producing material capable of generating an oxygen-containing radical.
- The fluorescent lamp according to claim 5 or 6, wherein said at least a first radical is selected from the group consisting of CO, CO+, CO2 +, CN, CN+, NH, NO, N2O+, and C2.
- The fluorescent lamp according to claim 6 or claim 7 when appendent to claim 6, wherein said oxygen-containing radical comprises OH, and said at least a first radical is selected from the group consisting of CO, CO+, CO2 +, CN, CN+, NH, NO, N2O+, and C2.
- The fluorescent lamp according to claim 5, wherein said at least a phosphor is selected from the group consisting of (Sr,Ca)10(PO4)6Cl2:EU2+; Sr2P2O7:Eu2+; (Sr,Mg)2P2O7:EU2+; Ba0.07Mg2AlzO3/2z+3:Eu0.132+, where 14 ≤ z ≤ 25; 2SrO·0.84P2O5·0.16B2O3:Eu2+; Sr2Si3O8.2SrCl2: EU2+; Sr4Al4O25:Eu2+; Ba0.8Mg1.93Al16O27:Eu0.2 2+,Mn2+; Y2SiO5:Ce3+,Tb3+; 6MgO·As2O5:Mn4+; and 3.5MgO·0.5MgF2·GeO2:Mn4+.
- A method for generating visible light, said method comprising:providing an EM radiation source emitting first EM radiation having a wavelength in a range from about 254 nm to about 410 nm, wherein said providing said EM radiation source comprises generating excited radicals comprising at least one element selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, carbon, and combinations thereof, and said excited radicals emits said EM radiation upon returning to a lower energy statedisposing at least a photoluminescent material to receive at least a portion of said first EM radiation, said photoluminescent material being capable of absorbing said at least a portion of said first EM radiation and emitting a second EM radiation in a visible wavelength range.
- The method according to claim 10, wherein said excited radicals further comprises oxygen.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
RU2004125185/09A RU2336592C2 (en) | 2004-08-17 | 2004-08-17 | Gas discharges irradiating in uv-range and luminiscent lamps with said gas discharges |
US11/077,567 US20060038496A1 (en) | 2004-08-17 | 2005-03-11 | Gas discharges having emission in UV-A range and fluorescent lamps incorporating same |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP1659614A2 true EP1659614A2 (en) | 2006-05-24 |
EP1659614A3 EP1659614A3 (en) | 2009-06-10 |
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Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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EP05255050A Withdrawn EP1659614A3 (en) | 2004-08-17 | 2005-08-16 | Gas discharges having emission in the UV-A range and fluorescent lamps incorporating same |
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Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4262231A (en) | 1978-10-25 | 1981-04-14 | General Electric Company | Helical wire coil in solenoidal lamp tip-off region wetted by alloy forming an amalgam with mercury |
US5952791A (en) | 1995-10-17 | 1999-09-14 | International Business Machines Corporation | Apparatus for detecting abnormal states in a discharge tube circuit and information processing system |
US5959405A (en) | 1996-11-08 | 1999-09-28 | General Electric Company | Electrodeless fluorescent lamp |
US6040658A (en) | 1995-08-01 | 2000-03-21 | Aktsionernoe Obschestvo Zakkytogo Tipa Nauchno-Tekhniches Koe Agentstvo "Intellekt" | Discharge lamp with HO radicals as radiating additives |
US6051922A (en) | 1994-03-25 | 2000-04-18 | U.S. Philips Corporation | Electrodeless low-pressure mercury vapour discharge lamp employing a high frequency magnetic field having a layer of aluminum oxide particles |
US6137236A (en) | 1997-12-03 | 2000-10-24 | U.S. Philips Corporation | Low-pressure discharge lamp and method of manufacturing a low-pressure discharge lamp |
Family Cites Families (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2002020745A (en) * | 2000-07-13 | 2002-01-23 | Nec Kansai Ltd | Fluoride fluorescent substance and fluorescent lamp using the same |
GB0105492D0 (en) * | 2001-03-06 | 2001-04-25 | Univ Sheffield | Discharge lamps using near-UV emitters |
-
2005
- 2005-08-16 EP EP05255050A patent/EP1659614A3/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4262231A (en) | 1978-10-25 | 1981-04-14 | General Electric Company | Helical wire coil in solenoidal lamp tip-off region wetted by alloy forming an amalgam with mercury |
US6051922A (en) | 1994-03-25 | 2000-04-18 | U.S. Philips Corporation | Electrodeless low-pressure mercury vapour discharge lamp employing a high frequency magnetic field having a layer of aluminum oxide particles |
US6040658A (en) | 1995-08-01 | 2000-03-21 | Aktsionernoe Obschestvo Zakkytogo Tipa Nauchno-Tekhniches Koe Agentstvo "Intellekt" | Discharge lamp with HO radicals as radiating additives |
US5952791A (en) | 1995-10-17 | 1999-09-14 | International Business Machines Corporation | Apparatus for detecting abnormal states in a discharge tube circuit and information processing system |
US5959405A (en) | 1996-11-08 | 1999-09-28 | General Electric Company | Electrodeless fluorescent lamp |
US6137236A (en) | 1997-12-03 | 2000-10-24 | U.S. Philips Corporation | Low-pressure discharge lamp and method of manufacturing a low-pressure discharge lamp |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
R.W.B. PEARSE; A.G. GAYDON: "THE IDENTIFICATION OF MOLECULAR SPECTRA", 1976, CHAPMAN AND HALL |
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